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31295018541176.Pdf (9.247Mb) DEPOSITIONAL AND DIAGENETIC HISTORY OF THE LATE TRLASSIC DOCKUM GROUP, YOUNG RANCH, NOLAN COUNTY, TEXAS by JASON P. SLAYDEN, B.S. A THESIS IN GEOSCIENCE Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Texas Tech University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to extend a huge "thank you" to Dr. George Asquith for serving as my committee chairman. His tremendous enthusiasm and excitement for "getting out in the field" made this project seem less like work, and more like having a good time while learning something new. I will forever be indebted to Dr. Asquith for the experiences he provided me. I would also like to extend thanks to Dr. Tom Lehman and Dr. James Barrick for serving on my committee. Thanks are also extended to Mike Gower for making all of my slides, and to Lenny Wood and Anthony Gonnell for their assistance in my field work. I would like to thank the Texas Tech University Graduate School, Mewbourne Oil Company, Texaco Exploration and Production, the Independent Petroleum Association of America, and the Texas Tech Geology Department for providing financial support for this project. Thank you to the Young family for allowing me on their ranch which made this project possible. Finally, I would like to thank hA/o people that deserve a lot of credit for the completion of this project, my wife, Angle, and daughter, Alyssa. Angle was very supportive and understanding of all the time this project required of me. Alyssa shared my opinion that rocks are pretty. TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ii ABSTRACT vi TABLES viii FIGURES ix I. INTRODUCTION 1 Study Locality 1 Objectives and Methods of Study 1 Previous Work 3 II. TRIASSIC STRATIGRAPHY OF THE YOUNG RANCH 9 III. PETROGRAPHY 16 Section Tr-1 17 Section Tr-2 19 Section Tr-3 20 Section Tr-4 22 Section Tr-5 23 Santa Rosa versus Trujillo 25 IV. PALEOCURRENT ANALYSIS 33 III Section Tr-1 34 Section Tr-2 34 Section Tr-4 36 Section Tr-5 36 V. LITHOFACIES 41 Santa Rosa Formation 41 Trujillo Formation 47 VI. DEPOSITIONAL MODELS 49 General 49 Dockum Depositional Model 59 Santa Rosa Depositional History 61 Trujillo Depositional History 69 VII. DIAGENETIC HISTORY 77 Kaolinite 83 Iron Oxide 84 Zoned Dolomite 84 Quartz Overgrowths and Microcrystalline Quartz 86 Poikilitopic Calcite/Dedolomite Cement and Grain Replacement 87 Gypsum 89 iv VIII. SUMMARY 90 REFERENCES CITED 95 Appendix A. MEASURED STRATIGRAPHIC SECTIONS 103 B. POINT COUNT DATA AND CLASSIFICATION 113 C. TERNARY DIAGRAMS 123 D. PALEOCURRENT DATA 129 ABSTRACT The Late Triassic Dockum Group is a series of continental sediments comprised of lacustrine, deltaic, and fluvial deposits. Dockum sediments are found in Eastern New Mexico, Colorado, and West Texas, Oklahoma, and Kansas. The Santa Rosa and Trujillo Formations represent the Dockum Group on the Young Ranch, Nolan County, Texas. Santa Rosa and Trujillo Formations are fluvial deposits consisting of alternating layers of sandstone and conglomerate. These formations are found on the same topographic level on the ranch. Identification of the Santa Rosa and Trujillo formations can be made through petrographic and paleocurrent analysis. The Santa Rosa Formation tends to be more quartzose and arkosic, while the younger Trujillo Formation is more lithic, with an abundance of metamorphic rock fragments and rare volcanic rock fragments. The Santa Rosa Formation has a reported sediment provenance in the present day Wichita-Arbuckle Mountains. Santa Rosa paleocurrent direction on the Young Ranch trend toward the south. The Trujillo Formation has a reported provenance in the lower Ouachita Tectonic Belt. Trujillo paleocurrent directions on the Young Ranch trend toward the north. Therefore, the paleocurrent analysis on the Young VI Ranch supports the reported Santa Rosa and Trujillo sediment provenances. Lithofacies types and vertical sequences along with a muitistoried channel stacking architecture indicate a braided fluvial system for the deposition of the Santa Rosa Formation. The presence of the Trujillo Formation at the same topographic level on the ranch leads to the conclusion of deposition in two incised valleys. Diagenetie history of the Dockum Group is marked by a variety of cementation events. Kaolinite and iron oxide occurred as eariy, shallow burial cementation. Zoned dolomite cement was emplaced during burial. Quartz overgrowths and microcrystalline quartz cement formed during Early Cretaceous Edwards exposure due to pedogenic silerete formation in the overiying Lower Cretaceous Antlers Sandstone. Dedolomite/Poikilitopic calcite formed because of dissolution of the Kirsehberg Evaporite during Early Cretaceous Edwards exposure. Desiccation of recent freshwater springs precipitated gypsum as the final diagenetie event VII TABLES 3.1 Petrographic differences in the Santa Rosa and Trujillo Formations 32 5.1 Lithofacies and sedimentary structures of fluvial deposits 42 6.1 Characteristics of braided, anastomosed, and meandering stream deposits compared to characteristics of the Triassic Dockum Group on the Young Ranch 62 B.1 Point count data from samples on the Young Ranch 113 B.2 Classification of samples 119 D.1 Paleocurrent calculations for section Tr-1 129 D.2 Paleocurrent calculations for section Tr-2 132 D.3 Paleocurrent calculations for section Tr-4 134 D.4 Paleocurrent calculations for section Tr-5 137 Vlll FIGURES 1.1 Locationofthe Young Ranch, Nolan County, Texas 2 1.2 Comparison of the stratigraphie nomenclature proposed by various authors for the Dockum Group in Eastern New Mexico 5 1.3 Comparison of the stratigraphie nomenclature proposed by various authors for the Dockum Group in west Texas 6 1.4 Location of Dockum Basin and prominent structures influencing deposition 8 2.1 Extent of Triassic Dockum Group outcrops 10 2.2 Map illustrating paleogeography of North America with respect to paleoequator during the Late Triassic Period 11 2.3 Cross section of the Young Ranch illustrating measured stratigraphie sections correlated based on proximity to the Permian Quartermaster Formation 12 2.4 Topographic map of Young Ranch illustrating cross section line of section 13 2.5 Outcrop photos of Triassic rocks on the Young Ranch 15 3.1 Folk classification diagram comparing Santa Rosa Formation to the Trujillo Formation 27 3.2 Folk classification diagram comparing Santa Rosa Formation to the Trujillo Formation with conglomerates removed 27 3.3 Photomicrographs of Triassic sandstones 28 3.4 Photomicrographs of Triassic conglomerates 30 3.5 Photomicrograph of common grains of Triassic Rocks 31 IX 4.1 Paleocurrent rose diagrams for Triassic rocks 35 4.2 Paleocurrent rose diagrams illustrating the composite directions of the both the Santa Rosa and Trujillo Formations. 38 4.3 Topographic map of the Young Ranch illustrating paleocurrent rose diagrams with location of measured section where readings were obtained 39 4.4 Cross section of the Young Ranch illustrating formation names as determined by petrographic and paleocurrent analysis 40 5.1 Outcrop photographs of individual lithofacies 44 5.2 Outcrop photographs of individual lithofacies 46 6.1 Fluvial stream models compared to model from Young Ranch 50 6.2 Illustration of multi-storied channel stacking architecture found in the Santa Rosa Formation 64 6.3 Outcrop photograph of a single channel in the Santa Rosa... 64 6.4 Photomicrograph of caliche layer in section Tr-2 67 6.5 Photomicrographs of radiolarian ghosts in chert grains of the Santa Rosa Formation 67 6.6 Illustration of fluvial systems that incised the Santa Rosa Formation and deposited the Trujillo Formation 72 6.7 Photomicrograph of caliche layer in section Tr-5 72 6.8 Photomicrographs of radiolarian ghosts in chert grains of the Trujillo Formation 76 7.1 Paragenetic sequence of cementation events shown in relative order versus time since deposition 78 7.2 Photomicrographs of individual cementing minerals 79 7.3 Photomicrographs of quartz overgrowths and microcrystalline quartz cement 81 7.4.A Photomicrographs of individual cementing minerals 82 A.1 Legend of Lithology symbols used in stratigraphie sections.. 103 A.2 Measured section Tr-1A 104 A.3 Measured section Tr-1 B 105 A.4 Measured section Tr-1 C 106 A.5 Measured section Tr-1 D 107 A.6 Measured section Tr-2 108 A.7 Measured section Tr-3 109 A.8 Measured seetionTr-4 110 A.9 Measured section Tr-5 111 A.10 Measured section Tr-6 112 C.I Ternary diagram of classification for section Tr-1 A 123 C.2 Ternary diagram of classification for section Tr-1 B 124 C.3 Ternary diagram of classification for section Tr-2 125 C.4 Ternary diagram of classification for section Tr-3 126 0.5 Ternary diagram of classification for section Tr-4 127 C.6 Ternary diagram of classification for section Tr-5 128 D.I Paleocurrent rose diagram for section Tr-1 131 XI D.2 Paleocurrent rose diagram for section Tr-2 133 D.3 Paleocurrent rose diagram for section Tr-3 136 D.4 Paleocurrent rose diagram for section Tr-4 139 XII CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Study Locality The location of this study area is the Young Ranch, Nolan County, Texas (Figure 1.1). The Young Ranch is located five miles south of the town of Roseoe, Texas on State Highway 608. The Dockum sediments found in Nolan County represent the easternmost extent of the present day Dockum Group. The Santa Rosa Formation and the Trujillo Formation are the only members of the Dockum Group found in this area due to erosional truncation. Obiectives and Methods of Study The primary objective of this study is to describe the depositional and diagenetie history of the Late Triassic Dockum group that is present on the Young Ranch, Nolan County, Texas. Depositional history was determined based on comparisons of vertical assemblages of lithofacies, paleocurrent data, and petrographic analysis to modern fluvial depositional systems.
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