men. Open spring through fall. (859)233-3290 Site offer insight into the daily life of plantation The Bodley-Bullock House , across the park slaves in antebellum Bluegrass. 225 Waveland from the Hopemont, Hunt-Morgan House at 200 Museum Lane. (859) 272-3611 Market Street, served as Cheapside , located on both Union and Bluegrass Note: Morgan and his raiders so the west side of Confederate headquarters fired the public’s imagination that schoolchildren Courthouse Square on at different times during on both sides recited poems about them. The Main Street, was the site of the war. The house is open Yankee rhyme was: “I’m sent to warn the neigh - both slave auctions and for tour by appointment; bors, he’s only a mile behind/He’s sweeping up impassioned abolitionist call (859) 252-8014. Union the horses, every horse that he can speeches. A small park find./Morgan, Morgan the Raider and Morgan’s troops used nearby terrible men/With bowie knives and pistols, are commemorates the site Transylvania University as galloping up the glen.” Southern children had a today. a hospital and camped in different perspective: “I want to be a cavalry - Gratz Park right in front of man, and with John Hunt Morgan ride/A Colt Monumental Reminders the Hunt-Morgan House. revolver in my belt, a saber by my side./I want a More than 500 According to a Bluegrass pair of epaulets to match my suit of gray,/The Confederate and 1,100 uniform my mother made and lettered C.S.A.” legend, Morgan once rode Union veterans are buried up the front steps of the in the park-like Lexington house, kissed his mother in the entry hall and gal - Cemetery , 833 West Main Street. They include loped out the back door--with Union soldiers in hot Confederate General John Hunt Morgan and John pursuit. C. Breckinridge. Breckinridge was vice president of the United States under James Buchanan, unsuc - The Lincolns Slept Here cessful presidential candidate against Abraham Abraham Lincoln’s wife, Mary Todd, was born Lincoln in 1860, and Secretary of War of the to a prominent Lexington family in 1818. The Confederate States of America. (859) 255-5522. Georgian house in which she lived from 1832 until Lexington’s historic old Fayette County 1839 is open for tour, and includes Todd family fur - Courthouse, now named Courthouse Square, was nishings as well as Todd and Lincoln memorabilia. recently renovated. Two Lexington Civil War- After their marriage in 1842, the Lincolns visited related monuments that used to live on the Lexington several times. Mary Todd’s Lexington grounds, a statue of Breckinridge and the John heritage followed her to the nation’s capital: the Hunt Morgan statue, nowreside at the Lexington fact that some of her Kentucky relatives, including Cemetery. Lexington tradition holds that the several of her half-brothers, fought for the unveiling of the Morgan statue ion the courthouse Confederacy, aroused suspicion against Mrs. grounds 1911 caused quite a local stir because Lincoln in Washington, D.C. Morgan is shown astride a stallion instead of his The Mary Todd Lincoln House is at 578 West well-known mare Black Bess. Main Street. Open April through November. (859) 233-9999 NEARBY AND NOTEWORTHY Insights into Slavery Slavery was an important part of the antebellum The Bloodiest Battle economy in the Bluegrass, where slaves made up Perryville , Kentucky, still looks much the same about one half of the population. Essential to the as it did on October 8, 1862. On that hot day during operation of the area’s hemp plantations, slaves also one of Kentucky’s driest summers, both Union and were hired out by their owners for factory work and Confederate troops were parched and searching for other jobs. Lexington was a major slave market to water when they encountered each other at the Deep South from the 1830s to the 1850s. Doctor’s Fork Creek. Between 2:00 p.m. and 11:00 Original slave quarters at Waveland State Historic p.m., 4,211 Union soldiers and 3,396 Confederate soldiers were killed, wounded, captured or missing, Union Captain Thomas B. Brooks, never mounted giving Perryville the dubious distinction of being permanent artillery. 1250 Ford Road, Winchester. Kentucky’s largest and most deadly Civil War bat - (859) 744-0556. The Civil War Fort is 17 miles from tle. Perryville Battlefield State Historic Site (859- Lexington. Head out Richmond Road all the way to the 332-8631) includes the battleground, a museum and River. At 1924, turn right and go one mile. The colorful gift shop. The battle is reenacted each year during murals of the parking lot will be on your left. the first full weekend in October. Perryville is about 49 miles southwest of Lexington. Take either Capital Collections The Kentucky Military History Museum on East Main Street in Frankfort includes an extraor - Bluegrass Note: Not only were Abraham dinary collection of Civil War weapons, flags, uni - Lincoln and Confederate President Jefferson Davis both born in Kentucky (less than one forms and other artifacts. The building itself was a year and 100 miles apart), but both spent time Union cartridge factory and supply center. (502) in Lexington. Davis attended Transylvania 564-3265 University in 1823 and 1824. Lincoln visited Several other war-related sites are found in the city several times with his wife, Mary Todd, Kentucky’s capital city. The Kentucky State after their marriage in 1842. Capitol Rotunda on Capitol Avenue includes stat - ues of Abraham Lincoln and Jefferson Davis. Harrodsburg Rd. (US 68, through) or Bluegrass Federal reparation payments for war damage actu - Parkway to Exit 59, then US 127 to US 68. ally helped pay for the building. (502) 564-3449 The Old State Capitol , Broadway and Lewis Battle Plans and a Lion’s Hall streets in Frankfort, includes some Civil War mem - The Battle of Richmond in 1862, part of the orabilia. Another point of interest is the Frankfort Perryville campaign, was one of the Confederacy’s Cemetery , with its stately Confederate Memorial greatest tactical victories of the war. A self-guided and wall memorial to all heroic Kentucky war veter - tour brochure of the three engagements are avail - ans. 215 E. able from the Richmond Tourism and Main Street Main Street. Bluegrass Note : Although as a Department, 345 Lancaster Ave. (859) 626-8474. (502) 227- state Kentucky did not secede, Also of interest in the Richmond area is White 2403 63 counties did – setting up a Hall State Historic Site , home of one of Frankfort is Confederate government in Kentucky’s most outspoken emancipationists, about 27 miles Bowling Green in Western Cassius Marcellus Clay. Clay was a newspaper pub - west of Kentucky. A Bluegrass lisher, Minister to Russia and friend of Lincoln, and Lexington via Kentuckian, George W. Johnson of Scott County, was elected first was called “the lion of White Hall” for his fiery ora - I-64. For a Confederate Governor of tory. (859) 623-9178. Richmond is about 23 miles scenic alterna - Kentucky. Johnson is buried in south of Lexington via I-75. An alternate scenic route is tive take Old the Georgetown Cemetery. via Ky. 169 (Tates Creek Road), crossing the Kentucky Frankfort Pike River via the Valley View Ferry. and US 60. In Defense of the Kentucky River On the Road with the Raiders Towering walls of rock prevented easy crossing Col. John Hunt Morgan’s forays included 1862 of the Kentucky River, but Confederate soldiers and 1864 battles in and around the small town of still managed to cross and recross by ford or ferry, Cynthiana in Harrison County. In the 1862 raid creating havoc for Union Forces. In 1863, African the Confederates captured the town, but in 1864, American soldiers constructed fortifications high they were forced to retreat, for all practical purpos - above the ford and ferry at Boonesboro, entirely by es ending Morgan’s raids in the state. A self-guided hand. The Civil War Fort at Boonesboro , part of driving tour of the Cynthiana Battles is available a network of small defensive works proposed by from the Cynthiana/ Harrison County Chamber of Commerce, 201 S. Main Street. Old Fort Harrod State Park in (859) 234-5236. Bluegrass Note: More than Harrodsburg includes a museum Georgetown is about 12 miles north of 30,000 men left their Kentucky with Civil War artifacts and the homes to fight for the Lexington via I-75 or US 25. For a Confederacy. Twice that many cabin in which Lincoln’s parents scenic drive combining the Morgan sites, Kentuckians fought for the North, were married. (859) 734-3314. begin at the Scott County Courthouse on including 20,000 African- Shaker Village of Pleasant Hill is 25 Georgetown’s Main Street and head east Americans, the second-highest miles southwest of Lexington via US on US 460 to Newtown. Take number among all the states. 68. Continue on US 68 a few miles to Newtown-Leesburg Pike to US 62 (at Harrodsburg. the unmarked fork, go left), and follow US 62 into Cynthiana. Beyond the Bluegrass Lexington can also be an ideal base from which Enlistment and Emancipation to explore some of Kentucky’s other Civil War When the Union began to draft African- sites. Americans into the army in 1864, Camp Nelson , in The Abraham Lincoln Birthplace National Jessamine County, was the state’s most important Historic Site features 116 acres of the farm where recruiting station. Thousands of African-Americans Lincoln was born and a granite memorial shrine and their families traveled to the camp for enlist - enclosing a cabin symbolic of the one in which ment-– and freedom. The installation also served as Abraham Lincoln was born in 1809. The Boyhood a refuge for the soldiers’ families. John Fee, a Home at Knob Creek is located in Hodgenville, founder of Berea College, established schools and Kentucky, 83 miles west of Lexington. (270) 358- churches for the African-Americans at Camp 3137. Take Bluegrass Parkway to US 31 E. Nelson. Camp Nelson also was the state’s chief The earthwork forts at Cumberland Gap center for the issuance of emancipation papers to National Historical Park were used by both Union former slaves. Four thousand Civil War soldiers are and Confederate troops. Of strategic importance to buried in the national cemetery located on part of both sides, this pioneer gateway to Kentucky the camp site. A 5-mile trail gives an overview of changed hands several times during the war. (606) the supply depot and the northern line of defense. 248-2817. About 2 1/2 hours south of Lexington via I-75 The restored officers’ quarters are open Tuesday and US 25 E. through Saturday, 9-5. (859) 881-5716. Camp Nelson The Underground Railroad Museum in is located off US 27, about 20 miles south of Lexington. Maysville, north of Lexington, features exhibits about slavery and the escape route used by thou - From Pacifists to Pioneers sands of slaves. Open Wednesday through At Shaker Village of Pleasant Hill , the pacifist Saturday, 10 a.m. to 3 p.m. and by appointment. Shakers provided food, supplies and medical treat - (606) 564-3200 or (606) 564-4413 About 65 miles ment to troops from both sides. The village’s inter - north of Lexington via US 68. pretive center includes information about the impact of the war. (859) 734-5411; toll-free (800) For more information 734-5611. contact VisitLEX at 800-845-3959.

Bluegrass Note: Lt. William R. McEntire, a By Teresa Day, a freelance travel writer based in Lexington, KY Southern commander at the final surrender of Updated: July 2019 the Cumberland Gap to the Union on Sept. 9, Copyright: Lexington Convention and Visitors Bureau 1863, had an unusual deathbed request. He asked his grandson to return to the gap 100 years after the surrender, stand at the pinna - cle and curse the Yankees for five minutes, which the grandson did on Sept. 9, 1963. IIDEA GGUIDE C IVIL W AR H ERITAGE

Explore the History of the Blue and the Gray in the Bluegrass Lexington Visitors Center 215 West Main Street Lexington, KY 40507 (859) 233-7299 or (800) 845-3959 www.visitlex.com

The story of the Civil War in Lexington and the IN LEXINGTON Bluegrass is more than a story of battles. It’s a story of strong personalities — of two Presidents, a First A Union Saved, an Estate Divided Lady, a “lion,” and a “Thunderbolt.” It’s a story of “Had there been one such man in the Congress contrasts — here you can visit both the site of a of the United States as Henry Clay in 1860-61, major slave market and a place where African- there would, I feel sure, have been no civil war,” Americans received the emancipation papers that said Sen. Henry S. Foote in 1875. set them free. As a senator and statesmen, Henry Clay (1777- And it is a story of ironies — of Union troops 1852), known as “the Great Compromiser,” helped camping virtually in the front yard of a postpone the war between the states. But after his Confederate general, and of war dividing the family death his own family would divide along with the of a statesman who had devoted his life to preserv - Union. As a result of dissension between Clay’s ing the Union. sons and grandsons during the Civil War, his In the Bluegrass, beloved Lexington estate Ashland was eventually you are at the heart auctioned. Ashland was also the site of a skirmish Of the Bluegrass Note: of Kentucky’s excit - following the Battle of Perryville in October 1862. more than 10,000 military ing and diverse Civil actions of the Civil War, 453 Today, the Clay family home and 20 acres are took place in Kentucky, more War heritage. Of the open for tour as a National Historic Landmark. than in Alabama, North 53 Kentucky sites Ashland is located east of downtown at 120 Carolina, South Carolina or included in the Civil Sycamore Road. (859) 266-8581 Maryland. War Trust’s Civil War Discovery Trail Home of the Thunderbolt commemorating significant sites where visitors can Hopemont, Hunt-Morgan House , at 201 N. learn about the conflict, 16 are located in Mill Street in Lexington’s historic Gratz Park Lexington and the Bluegrass region. And with its neighborhood, was the family home of Gen. John central location and easy access to major highways, Hunt Morgan, the daring, and reputedly dashing, Lexington is the ideal base from which to mount Confederate raider known as the “Thunderbolt of your own Civil War campaign to explore a state the Confederacy.” A Civil War museum on the sec - whose citizens supported both sides. ond floor displays swords, saddles, photographs, Here’s a guide to points of interest in Lexington uniforms and other artifacts from Morgan and his and the region.