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Badlands Wilderness Building Blocks for Wilderness Stewardship

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Badlands Wilderness Building Blocks for Wilderness Stewardship National Park Service | U.S. Department of the Interior Badlands National Park BADLANDS WILDERNESS BUILDING BLOCKS FOR WILDERNESS STEWARDSHIP DECEMBER 2017 BADLANDS WILDERNESS BUILDING BLOCKS FOR WILDERNESS STEWARDSHIP Badlands National Park National Park Service 25216 Ben Reifel Road Interior, SD 57750 Prepared by Jessica Millman Interagency Wilderness Fellow National Park Service December 2017 Photo on Cover: Badlands Wall Photo by Jacob Gaposhkin To Rapid City Quinn Exit 110 Wall 10mi 14 16km Cottonwood Farmingdale 590 Sage Creek Road iver 90 R 240 502 44 8.5mi Exit 116 e 13.5km n BUFFALO GAP NATIONAL GRASSLAND n B Minuteman Missile e e Q a National Historic Site US Forest Service y v U Roberts e e IN Delta-09 The Grassland is interspersed with privately owned land. h r Prairie Dog Town N C Check at the Grassland headquarters in Wall for details. Badlands C T S ge Rapi A a d C r C Wilderness reek e B re e L 5mi e E k R Overlook k 7.5km 2mi im 3km 3247ft Sage Creek 5mi 990m 7.5km Minuteman Missile S Basin Overlook 9 Sage Creek o R Pinnacles Entrance National Historic Site 13.5mi no water M u o 22km S a Delta-01 t a id g d h d e l C F e r Hay Butte o e d F r o e Overlook a k Ancient Hunters Overlook r k k Pinnacles Exit 127 Ro Overlook Dillon Minuteman Missile 23mi B Pass e Sage Creek 3mi National Historic Site 37km a r 5km Visitor Center BADLANDS NATIONAL PARK Conata Basin Overlook C Yellow Mounds Exit 131 To Kadoka r e 590 Overlook 90 Sp e BADLANDS WILDERNESS AREA ri k Cactus Flat ng Conata Homestead Overlook Big Foot 240 C Pass r ee Badla Prairie Wind 8.5mi k nd 13.5km s Overlook Big Foot Pass Overlook Prairie Conata Road Homestead Burns Basin Loo Overlook p oad Medicine Root 19mi R 30km Trail Northeast Entrance r Panorama ve i Point White River Big Badlands Overlook R Scenic NORTH UNIT CONATA Valley Overlook 509 C BASIN NORTH UNIT a s Fossil Exhibit Trail tle Tr To Hermosa e ail n 9mi n 4mi Ben Reifel e 6.5km 15km y e Visitor Center h See Cedar Pass 2.5mi (Park Headquarters) C BUFFALO GAP NATIONAL GRASSLAND detail map 3.5km 2443ft 40 745m BUFFALO GAP NATIONAL GRASSLAND Interior Entrance 377 Interior Ba ttl e Cedar Pass Lodge C 12mi re 44 20mi (open seasonally) ek 19km 32km r Ca e S i iv H n R E 589 r e E e it P v h i M R W T N e t T 3282ft hi A W B 1000m C L re E e k P L E B Red Shirt N e T a F Y r r e - n S c P T i h o n A t C R a - r e t t e k T o 44 h A e B L B I - L N 27 R E L D C E o M D STRONGHOLD UNIT r d A e g N e e (within Pine Ridge Indian Reservation) k T A C B 15mi r L E 24km e 16mi e PINE RIDGE INDIAN RESERVATION k 25.5km BADLANDS NATIONAL PARK G S A H L I I G STRONGHOLD R O T T A TABLE B L E C B a ttonwoo o Red Shirt e C d tt d l e C Table a r P e C ve a r i r Overlook r e e k R l T e m A k e B C r L r E e ite e h C M k W r 44 e e 14mi White River e d k i Potato Creek c 22km i Visitor Center n To Wanblee CUNY TABLE e (open seasonally) PALMER CREEK UNIT R 2 Cedar o 20mi Butte (within Pine Ridge o 32km t Indian Reservation) C r 20mi e e 32km k 2 2 To Buffalo Gap and Hot Springs 41 27 P North o r cu To Oglala p in e 33 C 8mi r W 13km e o e Kyle Unpaved road Wilderness area Ranger station Self-guiding trail u k n (may be impassable C d when wet) r e e Trail Restrooms Campground d e k K 0 1 5 Kilometers n Unpaved road Overlook Picnic area Primitive campground e (high-clearance e 0 1 Mile 5 To Wounded Knee vehicles only) 2 15mi To Wounded Knee Sharps Corner 24km To Martin To Martin ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS A special thank you to the following staff for offering their assistance and knowledge throughout the production of this report: Rachel Benton, PhD, Paleontologist at Badlands National Park Mike Carlbom, Supervisory Forestry Technician at Badlands National Park Megan Cherry, Museum Collections Manager Eddie Childers, Wildlife Biologist at Badlands National Park Erin Drake, Communications and Outreach Specialist at NPS Wilderness Stewardship Division Sarah Hayes, General Ranger and Wilderness Assistant at Denali National Park and Preserve Chris Holbeck, Regional Wilderness Coordinator at Midwest Regional Office Tyson Nehring, Law Enforcement Officer at Badlands National Park Kristin Pace, Wilderness Planning Coordinator at Denali National Park and Preserve Kara Paintner, Network Coordinator at NPS Northern Great Plains Inventory & Monitoring Network Mike Pflaum, Superintendent at Badlands National Park Matt Roland, Acting Chief of Law Enforcement at Badlands National Park Roger Semler, Chief of Wilderness Stewardship at NPS Wilderness Stewardship Division Mark Slovek, Lead Bio-Tech at Badlands National Park Wayne Thompson Ph.D., Physical Science Technician at Badlands National Park Phil Varela, Physical Science Technician at Badlands National Park i “Wilderness is the raw material out of which man has hammered the artifact called civilization. Wilderness was never a homogeneous raw material. It was very diverse. The differences in the product are known as cultures. The rich diversity of the worlds cultures reflects a corresponding diversity. In the wilds that gave them birth.” ALDO LEOPOLD, A SAND COUNTY ALMANAC ii Contents ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . i Introduction . 1 . Wilderness Character in the National Park Service . 5 . Historical and Administrative Setting of the Badlands Wilderness . 7. Wilderness Character Narrative . 9. Untrammeled . 11 Natural . 12. Undeveloped . .13 . Solitude or Primitive and Unconfined Recreation . 14. Other Features of Value . 15 Scenic Features . 15 Geologic Features . 15. Paleontology . 16. Wilderness Character Monitoring . 19. Process Used for Identifying Measures . 20. Overview of Wilderness Character Monitoring Measures . 21. Untrammeled . 25 Untrammeled Quality . 26 Actions That Manipulate Vegetation Communities . 26 . Actions That Manage or Restore Native Animal Species . 28 . Percentage of Naturally Ignited Fires that are Suppressed . 32 Number of Reported Illegal Activity in Wilderness . .33 . Natural Quality . 35 Natural Quality — Plants . 36 . Natural Quality — Animals . 39. Rocky Mountain Bighorn Sheep . 39 . Black-Tailed Prairie Dogs . 40 . Black-Footed Ferrets . 40 . Swift Fox . 40 Natural Quality — Air and Water . .43 . Visibility . 43. Natural Quality — Air and Water . .44 . Concentration of Nitrogen in Wet Deposition . 44 . Natural Quality — Air and Water . .46 . Concentration of Sulfur in Wet Deposition . 46. Natural Quality — Air and Water . .47 . Ozone . 47. Natural Quality — Ecological Processes . 48 . Acoustic Conditions . .48 . iii Undeveloped . 51 Undeveloped Quality — Presence of Nonrecreational Structures, Installations, and Development . 51 . Nonrecreational Structures, Installations, and Developments . 51 . Undeveloped Quality — Presence Of Inholdings . .54 Number of Inholdings . 54 . Undeveloped Quality — Use of Motor Vehicles, Motorized Equipment, or Mechanical Transport . .55 Number of Authorized Uses of Motor Vehicles, Motorized Equipment, or Mechanical Transport for SAR-related events . 55. Solitude or Primitive and Unconfined Recreation . .57 . Solitude or Primitive and Unconfined Recreation Quality — Remoteness From Sights and Sounds of Human Activity Inside Wilderness . .58 . Visitor Traffic in the Sage Creek Unit . 58. Solitude or Primitive and Unconfined Recreation Quality — Remoteness From Sights and Sounds of Human Activity Outside Wilderness . 59 . Length of Noise-Free Intervals . .59 . Solitude or Primitive and Unconfined Recreation Quality — Facilities That Decrease Self-Reliant Recreation . .60 Number of Developed Trails . 60. Solitude or Primitive and Unconfined Recreation Quality — Management Restrictions on Visitor Behavior . 61. Restrictions on Visitor Behavior . 61 . Other Features of Value . 63 . Other Features of Value Quality — Deterioration or Loss of Integral Cultural Features . .63 Paleontological Disturbances . .63 . Other Features of Value Quality — Deterioration or Loss of Integral Site Specific Features of Value . .66 . Condition of Visual Resources Based on Scenic Quality and View Importance Ratings for Wilderness Views . 66 CONCLUSIONS . 68 . Future Planning . 69. Natural Quality . 69 . Black-Footed Ferrets . 69 . Undeveloped Quality . 69. Search and Rescue Activities and Training . 69 . Solitude and Unconfined Recreation . 69 . Overflights in Wilderness . 69 Other Features of Value Quality . .69 Condition of Visual Resources Based On Scenic Quality and View Importance Ratings for Wilderness Views . 69 References Cited . 71 Appendixes . 75 Appendix A: Overview of the Framework for Wilderness Character Monitoring . .75 Appendix B: What is a Trammeling Action? . .77 iv Tables Table 1. Overview of Badlands Wilderness Character Monitoring Measures . .21 Table 2. Data Quantity and Quality Definitions . .23 Table 3. Suggested Scoring for Data Adequacy . .23 Table 4. General Guidance for Counting Trammeling Actions . .25 Table 5. Untrammeled Quality. .25 Table 6. Authorized Annual Actions That Manipulate Wildlife . .29 Table 7. Natural-Start Fire Suppression History 2012–2017 . .33 Table 8. Number of Violations in Wilderness . .34 Table 9. Natural Quality . .35 Table 10. Priority Exotic Species. .37 Table 11. Native Animal Species Killed or Infected by Invasive Insects or Pathogens . .41 Table 12. Nitrogen Wet Deposition Condition Categories . .45 Table 13. Sulfur Wet Deposition Condition Categories . .46 Table 14. Undeveloped Quality . .51 Table 15. Mapped Dams in Badlands Wilderness .
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