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HISTAR® Aceros Innovadores De Alta Resistencia Para Estructuras Económicas En Acero Shanghai World Finance Center, P.R

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HISTAR® Aceros Innovadores De Alta Resistencia Para Estructuras Económicas En Acero Shanghai World Finance Center, P.R Long Carbon Europe Sections and Merchant Bars HISTAR® Aceros innovadores de alta resistencia para estructuras económicas en acero Shanghai World Finance Center, P.R. China P.R. Center, Finance Shanghai World Aceros innovadores de alta resistencia para estructuras económicas en acero Índice 1. Introducción 3 2. Características de los aceros HISTAR® 4 3. Reducción de peso de las estructuras de acero mediante el uso de aceros HISTAR® 8 4. Tablas de diseño de pilares 12 5. Procedimientos de fabricación y de uso de los aceros HISTAR® 14 6. Condiciones técnicas de suministro 18 7. Proyectos de referencia 20 8. Construcción sostenible con perfiles de acero laminados en caliente 22 Asistencia Técnica y Acabado 25 1 © Chuck Choi - Architect: Foster & Partners - Hearst Tower, NYC 1. Introducción Con el desarrollo de los aceros HISTAR, ArcelorMittal ha logrado crear aceros en los que se combinan un alto límite elástico, una excelente tenacidad a bajas temperaturas y una destacada soldabilidad. Estas propiedades mecánicas eran consideradas incompatibles hasta hoy. Este desarrollo ha sido posible gracias al innovador proceso de tratamiento © Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP / dbox Studio Studio LLP / dbox Owings & Merrill © Skidmore, térmico “en línea” de templado y de auto- revenido (Quenching and Self-Tempering - QST), desarrollado por ArcelorMittal Largos Europa en colaboración con el Centre de Recherches Métallurgiques [Centro de Investigaciones Metalúrgicas] de Lieja. El proceso QST permite una producción rentable de aceros de alta resistencia. Los aceros HISTAR son suministrados conforme a la aprobación técnica europea ETA-10/0156. Estos aceros cumplen plenamente las normas europeas y nacionales. Los perfiles H laminados en caliente en calidad HISTAR permiten la construcción de estructuras innovadoras y competitivas. Con ellos, los ingenieros pueden explotar al máximo las excelentes propiedades de los aceros HISTAR en los diseños de pilares de edificios de gran altura, celosias de gran luz y estructuras offshore. Los nuevos aceros se adaptan especialmente a las estructuras en las que las limitaciones constituyen el criterio de dimensionamiento y en las zonas sísmicas. Con los aceros HISTAR, ArcelorMittal cubre las necesidades de los proyectistas reduciendo de forma significativa el peso y el coste de la estructura, respetando a la vez las exigencias de seguridad y desarrollo sostenible. Freedom Tower, NYC En el emplazamiento del antiguo World Trade Center HISTAR 460 3 2. Características de los aceros HISTAR® 1. Descripción de los productos l relación máxima entre los valores de límite elástico y de resistencia a la tracción. Los aceros HISTAR corresponden a calidades de acero estructural de baja aleación, en Se comercializan diferentes tipos los que se combina de forma óptima una de calidades HISTAR: alta resistencia, una buena ductilidad y una excelente soldabilidad. Se pueden suministrar Para construcción de tipo general: Para estructuras offshore: calidades HISTAR con valores mínimos de HISTAR 355 HISTAR 355 TZ OS límite elástico de 355 o 460 Mpa. Según las especificaciones: Según las especificaciones 1. ETA-10/0156 (t ≤125 mm) EN 10225:2009 para S355G11+M En comparación con los aceros estructurales 2. EN 10025-4:2004 para S355M estándar, las calidades HISTAR presentan HISTAR 355 TZK OS características mecánicas mejoradas, HISTAR 355 L Según las especificaciones garantizadas en toda la gama de espesores del Según las especificaciones: EN 10225:2009 para S355G12+M 1. ETA-10/0156 (t ≤82 mm) producto (Figura 1). Para una mejor adecuación a HISTAR 460 TZ OS 2. EN 10025-4:2004 para S355ML las diferentes aplicaciones, se pueden suministrar Según las especificaciones aceros HISTAR con una ductilidad garantizada a HISTAR 460 EN 10225:2009 para S460G3+M temperaturas 0º C, -20° C o hasta -50° C. Según las especificaciones: HISTAR 460 TZK OS 1. ETA-10/0156 (t ≤125 mm) Según las especificaciones Los aceros HISTAR se suministran en estado 2. EN 10025-4:2004 para S460 M de laminación termomecánica conforme a la EN 10225:2009 para S460G4+M aprobación técnica europea ETA-10/0156 HISTAR 460 L y a las especificaciones de las normas europeas Según las especificaciones: EN 10025-4:2004 sobre aceros estructurales 1. ETA-10/0156 (t ≤82 mm) de grano fino soldables y EN 10225:2009 2. EN 10025-4:2004 para S460ML sobre aceros estructurales soldables para estructuras offshore fijas. Asimismo, estos materiales cumplen los requisitos de otras Figura 1: Límite elástico mínimo para aceros HISTAR y calidades EN 10025-4:2004 normas nacionales como ASTM A 913-11 y según el espesor del material JIS G 3106:2008. En la Tabla 1 se muestra una comparativa entre las calidades HISTAR y otras calidades estándar de aceros estructurales según sus límites elásticos. Los aceros HISTAR son compatibles con los requisitos de los Eurocódigos para el diseño de estructuras metálicas y mixtas de acero/ hormigón. Las calidades HISTAR para estructuras marítimas offshore ofrecen las siguientes ventajas adicionales: mín. (MPa) elástico Límite l propiedades mejoradas de deformación en sentido transversal al espesor con respecto a la resistencia al desgarro laminar (calidades Z). Espesor del material (mm.) l propiedades de resiliencia en sentido transversal. Tabla 1: Comparación de calidades HISTAR Normas HISTAR Normas europeas y nacionales Normas anteriores Límite EN 10025-4: EN 10025-2: EN 10225: ASTM JIS G 3106: NF A 35-504 NF A 35-501 DIN 17102 DIN 17100 BS 4360 elástico (MPa) 2004 2004 2009 A 913-11 2008 NF A 36-201 355 S 355 S 355 S 355 Gr 50 SM 490 B/C/YB E 355 E 36 St E 355 St 52-3 50 D 460 S 460 S 450 S 460 Gr 65 SM 570 E 460 St E 460 55 C Gr 70 2. Composición química y propiedades mecánicas En las Tablas 3 y 4 se presentan la composición química y propiedades mecánicas de las calidades HISTAR para la construcción metálica, mientras que las Tablas 5 y 6 recogen los parámetros correspondientes a las calidades destinadas a ser utilizadas en estructuras offshore. 3. Tipos de secciones Los aceros HISTAR están disponibles en las dimensiones siguientes: Tabla 2: Secciones disponibles Perfiles de alas IPE 550 previo acuerdo paralelas IPE 600 - IPE 750 Perfiles de alas HE 260 - HE 280 previo acuerdo anchas HE 300 - HE 1000 Perfiles de alas muy HL 920 - HL 1100 anchas Perfiles para pilares HD 260 - HD 400 de alas anchas Perfiles para pilotes HP 305 - HP 400 de alas anchas Los perfiles equivalentes y otras series de secciones según ASTM A6, BS4 están igualmente disponibles. Para ver la lista completa de perfiles y más información al respecto, consulte el programa de ventas de ArcelorMittal Largos Europa de Perfiles y Barras Comerciales. El espesor de ala máximo es: l 140 mm para HISTAR 355 / 460 l 125 mm para HISTAR 355 / 460 conforme a ETA-10/0156 l 125 mm para HISTAR 355 L / 460 L l 82 mm para HISTAR 355 L / 460 L conforme a ETA-10/0156 l 40 mm para las calidades HISTAR offshore (secciones con espesor de ala > 40 mm previo acuerdo). 5 2. Características de los aceros HISTAR® Tabla 3: Composición química de los aceros HISTAR para aplicaciones generales Composición química Análisis de colada(4) [%] Calidades C Mn Si (3) P S Al (2) Cr Ni Mo Nb Ti V CEV(1) máx. máx. máx. máx. máx. máx. mín. ≤ ≤ ≤ máx. máx. máx. Espesor nominal [mm] 63 < t 82 < t 125 < t t ≤ 63 ≤ 82 ≤ 125 ≤ 140 HISTAR 355 0.12 1.60 0.50 0.035 0.030 0.02 0.30 0.30 0.20 0.05 0.05 0.10 0.39 0.39 0.39 0.39 (5) HISTAR 355 L 0.12 1.60 0.50 0.030 0.025 0.02 0.30 0.30 0.20 0.05 0.05 0.10 0.39 0.39 0.39 (5) - HISTAR 460 0.12 1.70 0.60 0.035 0.030 0.02 0.30 0.70 0.20 0.05 0.05 0.12 0.41 0.43 0.43 0.43 (5) HISTAR 460 L 0.12 1.70 0.60 0.030 0.025 0.02 0.30 0.70 0.20 0.05 0.05 0.12 0.41 0.43 0.43 (5) - (1) CEV = C + Mn/6 + (Cr + Mo + V)/5 + (Cu + Ni)/15 (2) El requisito sobre el contenido mínimo de aluminio no se aplica si existen elementos fijadores del nitrógeno en cantidad suficiente. (3) Previo acuerdo Si: 0,14 - 0,25 % y P ≤0.035% máx. para permitir la formación de una capa de zinc en el proceso de galvanización en caliente. (4) Los elementos químicos no presentes en la tabla están limitados según las disposiciones de la ETA-10/0156. (5) Previo acuerdo. No esta incluido en ETA-10/0156 Tabla 4: Propiedades mecánicas de los aceros HISTAR para aplicaciones generales Propiedades mecánicas Calidades Ensayo de choque Charpy con Ensayo de tracción probeta entallada en V (1) Límite elástico mínimo Re [MPa] Resistencia a Alargamiento Temperatura Energía mín. Espesor nominal [mm] la tracción Rm mínimo A absorbida Lo=5.65√So 82 < t 125 < t t ≤ 82 ≤ 125 ≤ 140 [MPa] [%] [°C] [J] HISTAR 355 355 355 355 (2) 470 -630 22 -20 40 -20 47 HISTAR 355 L 355 355 (2) - 470-630 22 -50 27 HISTAR 460 460 450 450 (2) 540-720 17 -20 40 -20 47 HISTAR 460 L 460 450 (2) - 540-720 17 -50 27 (1) Valor medio de tres ensayos en probetas sin reducir, sin que ninguno de sus valores sea inferior al 70 % del valor medio garantizado. Son aplicables las especificaciones de la norma EN 10025:2004. (2) Previo acuerdo. No esta incluido en ETA-10/0156 2.
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