Timeline / 1820 to 1910 / GREECE / CITIES and URBAN SPACES

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Timeline / 1820 to 1910 / GREECE / CITIES AND URBAN SPACES Date Country Theme 1830s Greece Cities And Urban Spaces Eduard Schaubert and Stamatios Kleanthis pioneer the urban redevelopment of Athens, initially under Ioannis Kapodistrias. They produce topographical plans of Athens and, in doing so, lay the foundations for the new capital. 1834 Greece Cities And Urban Spaces Athens becomes the capital of the newly established state. 1834 Greece Cities And Urban Spaces In October, King Otto issues a decree for reconstruction of the city of Sparta. Over the ancient city Bavarian city-planners, headed by Fr. Staufert, design a city for 100,000 inhabitants based on the Ippodamia system, with wide roads and many squares. 1836 - 1862 Greece Cities And Urban Spaces The Royal Palace (today’s Parliament) is erected under the auspices of the director of the Munich Academy of Arts and official architect of the Bavarian court, Friedrich von Gaertner. 1859 - 1885 Greece Cities And Urban Spaces Construction of the so-called classical trilogy – namely the Academy of Athens, the National Library of Greece and the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens – which is designed by the brothers Theophilus and Christian Hansen. Late 19th century Greece Cities And Urban Spaces Construction of the Greek Orthodox Church of Evangelismos in Br#ila, Romania. Late 19th century Greece Cities And Urban Spaces Mavrokordatos Mansion is built in the Kipseli neighbourhood in Athens for the well- known political family of that name. 1878 - 1881 Greece Cities And Urban Spaces The Iliou Melathron is designed by architect Ernst Ziller as the residence of the archaeologist Heinrich Schliemann and his family..

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Ernst Ziller (1837-1923)
εξάντας τεύχος/Heft 13 Ernst Ziller (1837-1923) Von Eberhard Rondholz Eine Hommage für den großen klassizistischen Architekten in Athen ls es nach dem griechischen Freiheits- sitzers in dem Radebeuler Vorort Oberlössnitz, studier- krieg von 1821, der Gründung des neugrie- te er ab 1855 Architektur in Dresden, wohl um eines chischen Staates und der Wahl von Athen Tages in das erfolgreiche Familienunternehmen einzu- Ein A zur Hauptstadt 1834 darum ging, aus dem steigen und die Nachfolge seines Vaters anzutreten. heruntergekommenen Provinznest eine repräsenta- Doch dann wird ihm ein Praktikum im Wiener Büro des aufstrebendes tive Hauptstadt und eine würdige Residenz zu ma- dänischen Architekten Theophil Hansen zum Schick- chen, holte der importierte König, der Wittelsba- sal: Hansen erkennt die Talente des jungen Kollegen Athener cher Otto, seinerseits fremde Fachleute ins Land, und betraut ihn 1861 mit der Bauaufsicht über eines als Stadtplaner und Baumeister. Leo von Klenze seiner architektonischen Groß-Projekte in der griechi- Bürgertum reißt und Eduard Schaubert gehörten dazu, Friedrich schen Hauptstadt: der Errichtung der Athener Akade- von Gärtner, die Brüder Hans-Christian und Theo- mie. 1862 werden die Arbeiten nach der Vertreibung sich beim Bau phil Hansen aus Dänemark und. last but not least, König Ottos unterbrochen, Ziller kehrt nach Wien zu- Ernst Ziller aus Radebeul bei Dresden. rück, aber nur für kurze Zeit. 1868 geht er wiederum repräsentativer nach Athen, verliebt sich in Griechenland und in eine Villen um den Von ihnen allen ist nur einer geblieben, der letztge- der Töchter des Landes, die Pianistin Sofia Dodou, nannte. Mehr als ein halbes Jahrhundert lang arbeitete gründet eine Familie und wird Grieche, er heißt von jungen er in Griechenland, als Architekt, Archäologe und Ma- nun an Ernestos Tsiller.
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Constructed Meaning: )
i .f lYF i I , ,/ .,-:.,, '--+ ,. .- ,,-_/ a:".- ^-..-.-., s"u -' f',.,,-,-,- .,.__;-. ) CONSTRUCTED MEANING: FORM AND PROCESS IN GREEK ARCHITECTURE edited bg Eleftherios Pavlides and Susan Buck Sutton FORGING A NATIONAL IMAGE: BUILDING MODERN ATHENS by Eleni Bast6a Washington Unioersitg Kat mor<rjto 6n rayeiq 6iv EXa rb dtraitopa vri oreQ0fr xai vri ipyaoO{ 6tri rinor< dtrtro nptv, ncpd 6rri rrlv 6lptoupyicv Ftd< flarp{6o<....Kci flarpi< 6iv 0a nii rirore Xopi< i6trriv rq< ZaypaQvriv, f)runrtxriv,'ApXtrexrovtrriv, Ottrotroyiav, Mouotrr]v rci r<ioc rfl,l,c.l And I believe that nobody has the right to think of and to work for any- thing but the creation of a Nation....And a Nation cannot be compre- hended without its own Painting, Sculpture, Architecture, Literature, Music, etc. THE ESTABLISHMENT of the independent Greek state in 1833 signaled, at first, a concerted, national turn towards the ancient Greek culture. Classical Athens, its culture, and its monuments inspired, to a large extent, the government's initial architectural direction. As time went on, how- ever, a more complex combination of internal and external influences came to define the political, social, and cultural orientation of the new nation. Focusing on the major architectural production and its concomitant theo- retical framework during the first century after liberation, it is my aim here to examine the shifting definitions of national Greek architecture within t}e context of these historical parameters. This examination reveals close parallels between the development of a national architectural ideol- ory and identity, on the one hand, and the broader construction of a na- tional cultural image on the other.
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The Monument and the Reconstruction of Memory: The Case of Athens, from 19th Century to the Present อนุสาวรีย์และการสร้างขึ้นใหม่ของความทรงจำา: กรณีศึกษา กรุงเอเธนส์ ตั้งแต่ศตวรรษที่ 19 ถึงปัจจุบัน Promchan Chanratanapreeda พร้อมจันทร์ จันทร์รัตนปรีดา 21 Soi Kingchamnan-aksorn Paholyothin RD. Samsennai Payatai Bangkok 10400, Thailand 21 ซอยกิ่งชำ�น�ญอักษร ถนนพหลโยธิน แขวงส�มเสนใน เขตพญ�ไท กรุงเทพมห�นคร 10400 E-mail: [email protected] Abstract This paper investigates the implication of the monument in architecture and planning concerning its function and potential in modern discourse from the beginning of 19th century. The study focuses on ruins of urban artefacts that become a memorial representation of the past civilisation, more importantly, be beneficial to those associated with the process. To better understanding, since the Acropolis is viewed as a symbol of the classical spirit and civilisation of Western culture with the great architectural aesthetic of Ancient Greek, three Athenian urban projects are taken as a case study, namely, ‘the new Athens’ master plan’ of the 19th century, ‘landscaping around Acropolis’ by Dimitris Pikionis of the 1960s, and the current proposal ‘Rethink Athens’. By collecting and analysing related maps, images and scholarly writings, the paper formulates an argument that traces of Ancient Greek have been evident in the urban development processes of Athens in the modern era. From the construction of national image in the early 19th century, the conservation through aesthetic creativity during the mid-20th century, to the commercialisation of urban space in the present time, the exploration of three projects serves as an explanation of the multiple roles of the monument in different cir- cumstances. This examination reveals that orders and forms of urban fabric are substantially involved political forces, individual attitude, and economic condition.
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