The I2p (Slides)
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Overlay Networks EECS 122: Lecture 18
Overlay Networks EECS 122: Lecture 18 Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences University of California Berkeley What is an overlay network? A network defined over another set of networks A The overlay addresses its own nodes A’ A Links on one layer are network segments of lower layers Requires lower layer routing to be utilized Overlaying mechanism is called tunneling March 23, 2006 EE122, Lecture 18, AKP 2 1 Overlay Concept C5 7 4 8 6 11 2 10 A1 3 13 B12 Overlay Network Nodes March 23, 2006 EE122, Lecture 18, AKP 3 Overlay Concept C5 7 4 8 6 11 2 10 A1 3 13 B12 Overlay Networks are extremely popular Akamai, Virtual Private Networks, Napster, Gnutella, Kazaa, Bittorrent March 23, 2006 EE122, Lecture 18, AKP 4 2 Why overlay? Filesharing Example Single point of failure Performance bottleneck m5 Copyright infringement m6 E F D E? m1 A E m2 B m4 m3 C file transfer is m4 D Napster E? decentralized, but m5 E m5 locating content m6 F is highly C centralized A B m3 m1 m2 March 23, 2006 EE122, Lecture 18, AKP 5 Build an Overlay Network Underlying Network March 23, 2006 EE122, Lecture 18, AKP 6 3 Build an Overlay Network The underlying network induces a complete graph of connectivity No routing required! Underlying Network March 23, 2006 EE122, Lecture 18, AKP 7 Overlay The underlying network induces a complete graph of connectivity 10 No routing required! But 200 100 One virtual hop may be many 90 underlying hops away. 90 100 Latency and cost vary significantly over the virtual links 10 100 20 State information may grow with E (n^2) 10 March 23, 2006 EE122, Lecture 18, AKP 8 4 Overlay The underlying network induces a complete graph of connectivity No routing required! 1 2 But One virtual hop may be many underlying hops away. -
IPFS and Friends: a Qualitative Comparison of Next Generation Peer-To-Peer Data Networks Erik Daniel and Florian Tschorsch
1 IPFS and Friends: A Qualitative Comparison of Next Generation Peer-to-Peer Data Networks Erik Daniel and Florian Tschorsch Abstract—Decentralized, distributed storage offers a way to types of files [1]. Napster and Gnutella marked the beginning reduce the impact of data silos as often fostered by centralized and were followed by many other P2P networks focusing on cloud storage. While the intentions of this trend are not new, the specialized application areas or novel network structures. For topic gained traction due to technological advancements, most notably blockchain networks. As a consequence, we observe that example, Freenet [2] realizes anonymous storage and retrieval. a new generation of peer-to-peer data networks emerges. In this Chord [3], CAN [4], and Pastry [5] provide protocols to survey paper, we therefore provide a technical overview of the maintain a structured overlay network topology. In particular, next generation data networks. We use select data networks to BitTorrent [6] received a lot of attention from both users and introduce general concepts and to emphasize new developments. the research community. BitTorrent introduced an incentive Specifically, we provide a deeper outline of the Interplanetary File System and a general overview of Swarm, the Hypercore Pro- mechanism to achieve Pareto efficiency, trying to improve tocol, SAFE, Storj, and Arweave. We identify common building network utilization achieving a higher level of robustness. We blocks and provide a qualitative comparison. From the overview, consider networks such as Napster, Gnutella, Freenet, BitTor- we derive future challenges and research goals concerning data rent, and many more as first generation P2P data networks, networks. -
A Fog Storage Software Architecture for the Internet of Things Bastien Confais, Adrien Lebre, Benoît Parrein
A Fog storage software architecture for the Internet of Things Bastien Confais, Adrien Lebre, Benoît Parrein To cite this version: Bastien Confais, Adrien Lebre, Benoît Parrein. A Fog storage software architecture for the Internet of Things. Advances in Edge Computing: Massive Parallel Processing and Applications, IOS Press, pp.61-105, 2020, Advances in Parallel Computing, 978-1-64368-062-0. 10.3233/APC200004. hal- 02496105 HAL Id: hal-02496105 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02496105 Submitted on 2 Mar 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. November 2019 A Fog storage software architecture for the Internet of Things Bastien CONFAIS a Adrien LEBRE b and Benoˆıt PARREIN c;1 a CNRS, LS2N, Polytech Nantes, rue Christian Pauc, Nantes, France b Institut Mines Telecom Atlantique, LS2N/Inria, 4 Rue Alfred Kastler, Nantes, France c Universite´ de Nantes, LS2N, Polytech Nantes, Nantes, France Abstract. The last prevision of the european Think Tank IDATE Digiworld esti- mates to 35 billion of connected devices in 2030 over the world just for the con- sumer market. This deep wave will be accompanied by a deluge of data, applica- tions and services. -
Adaptive Lookup for Unstructured Peer-To-Peer Overlays
Adaptive Lookup for Unstructured Peer-to-Peer Overlays K Haribabu, Dayakar Reddy, Chittaranjan Hota Antii Ylä-Jääski, Sasu Tarkoma Computer Science & Information Systems Telecommunication Software and Multimedia Laboratory Birla Institute of Technology & Science Helsinki University of Technology Pilani, Rajasthan, 333031, INDIA TKK, P.O. Box 5400, Helsinki, FINLAND {khari, f2005462, c_hota}@bits-pilani.ac.in {[email protected], [email protected]}.fi Abstract— Scalability and efficient global search in unstructured random peers but at specified locations that will make peer-to-peer overlays have been extensively studied in the subsequent queries more efficient. Most of the structured P2P literature. The global search comes at the expense of local overlays are Distributed Hash Table (DHT) based. Content interactions between peers. Most of the unstructured peer-to- Addressable Network (CAN) [6], Tapestry [7], Chord [8], peer overlays do not provide any performance guarantee. In this Pastry [9], Kademlia [10] and Viceroy [11] are some examples work we propose a novel Quality of Service enabled lookup for of structured P2P overlay networks. unstructured peer-to-peer overlays that will allow the user’s query to traverse only those overlay links which satisfy the given In unstructured P2P network, lookup is based on constraints. Additionally, it also improves the scalability by forwarding the queries [12]. At each node the query is judiciously using the overlay resources. Our approach selectively forwarded to neighbors. Unless the peer finds the item or the forwards the queries using QoS metrics like latency, bandwidth, hop count of the query reaches zero, query is forwarded to and overlay link status so as to ensure improved performance in neighbors. -
Qos-Assured Service Composition in Managed Service Overlay Networks
QoS-Assured Service Composition in Managed Service Overlay Networks Xiaohui Gu, Klara Nahrstedt Rong N. Chang, Christopher Ward Department of Computer Science Network Hosted Application Services University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign IBM T.J. Watson Research Center ¡ ¡ ¢ xgu, klara ¢ @ cs.uiuc.edu rong, cw1 @ us.ibm.com Abstract Service Provider: XXX.com service Service Overlay Network instance X service instance (SON) service Z Many value-added and content delivery services are instance being offered via service level agreements (SLAs). These SON Y Portal services can be interconnected to form a service overlay network (SON) over the Internet. Service composition in SON Access SON has emerged as a cost-effective approach to quickly Domain creating new services. Previous research has addressed the reliability, adaptability, and compatibility issues for com- posed services. However, little has been done to manage SON generic quality-of-service (QoS) provisioning for composed SON Portal Portal services, based on the SLA contracts of individual ser- SON Access SON Access Domain vices. In this paper, we present QUEST, a QoS assUred Domain composEable Service infrasTructure, to address the prob- lem. QUEST framework provides: (1) initial service com- Figure 1. Illustration of the Service Overlay position, which can compose a qualified service path under Network Model. multiple QoS constraints (e.g., response time, availability). If multiple qualified service paths exist, QUEST chooses the best one according to the load balancing metric; and (2) dynamic service composition, which can dynamically re- and peer-to-peer file sharing overlays [2]. Beyond this, we compose the service path to quickly recover from service envision the emergence of service overlay networks (SON), outages and QoS violations. -
Multicasting Over Overlay Networks – a Critical Review
(IJACSA) International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, Vol. 2, No. 3, March 2011 Multicasting over Overlay Networks – A Critical Review M.F.M Firdhous Faculty of Information Technology, University of Moratuwa, Moratuwa, Sri Lanka. [email protected] Abstract – Multicasting technology uses the minimum network internet due to the unnecessary congestion caused by resources to serve multiple clients by duplicating the data packets broadcast traffic that may bring the entire internet down in a at the closest possible point to the clients. This way at most only short time. one data packets travels down a network link at any one time irrespective of how many clients receive this packet. Traditionally Using the network layer multicast routers to create the multicasting has been implemented over a specialized network backbone of the internet is not that attractive as these routers built using multicast routers. This kind of network has the are more expensive compared to unicast routers. Also, the drawback of requiring the deployment of special routers that are absence of a multicast router at any point in the internet would more expensive than ordinary routers. Recently there is new defeat the objective of multicasting throughout the internet interest in delivering multicast traffic over application layer downstream from that point. Chu et al., have proposed to overlay networks. Application layer overlay networks though replace the multicast routers with peer to peer clients for built on top of the physical network, behave like an independent duplicating and forwarding the packets to downstream clients virtual network made up of only logical links between the nodes. -
Overlay Networks
OVERLAY NETWORKS An overlay network is an application-specific computer network built on top of another network. In other words, an overlay network creates a virtual topology on top of the physical topology. This type of network is created to protect the existing network structure from new protocols whose testing phases require Internet use. Such networks protect packets under test while isolating them from the main networking infrastructure in a test bed. Figure 6.11 shows an overlay network configured over a wide area network. Nodes in an overlay network can be thought of as being connected by logical links. In Figure 6.11, for example, routers R4, R5, R6, and R1 are participating in creating an overlay network where the interconnection links are realized as overlay logical links. Such a logical link corresponds to a path in the underlying network. An obvious example of these networks is the peer-to-peer network, which runs on top of the Internet. Overlay networks have no control over how packets are routed in the underlying network between a pair of overlay source/destination nodes. However, these networks can control a sequence of overlay nodes through a message-passing function before reaching the destination. Figure 6.11. An overlay network for connections between two LANs associated with routers R1 and R4 For various reasons, an overlay network might be needed in a communication system. An overlay network permits routing messages to destinations when the IP address is not known in advance. Sometimes, an overlay network is proposed as a method to improve Internet routing as implemented in order to achieve higher-quality streaming media. -
SIP on an Overlay Network
SIP on an Overlay Network XIAO WU KTH Information and Communication Technology Master of Science Thesis Stockholm, Sweden 2009 TRITA-ICT-EX-2009:105 SIP on an Overlay Network Xiao Wu 14 September 2009 Academic Supervisor and Examiner: Gerald Q. Maguire Jr. Industrial supervisor: Jorgen Steijer, Opticall AB School of Information and Communication Technology Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) Stockholm, Sweden Abstract With the development of mobile (specifically: wide area cellular telephony) technology, users’ requirements have changed from the basic voice service based on circuit switch technology to a desire for high speed packet based data transmission services. Voice over IP (VoIP), a packet based service, is gaining increasing attention due to its high performance and low cost. However, VoIP does not work well in every situation. Today Network address translation (NAT) traversal has become the main obstruction for future VoIP deployment. In this thesis we analyze and compare the existing NAT traversal solutions. Following this, we introduce a VoIP over IPSec (VOIPSec) solution (i.e., a VoIP over IPSec virtual private network (VPN) scheme) and an extended VOIPSec solution mechanism. These two solutions were tested and compared to measure their performance in comparison to a version of the same Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) user agent running without IPSec. In the proposed VOIPSec solution, the IPSec VPN tunnel connects each of the SIP clients to a SIP server, thus making all of the potential SIP participants reachable, i.e., solving the NAT traversal problem. All SIP signaling and media traffic for VoIP calls are transmitted through this prior established tunnel. -
I2P, the Invisible Internet Projekt
I2P, The Invisible Internet Projekt jem September 20, 2016 at Chaostreff Bern Content 1 Introduction About Me About I2P Technical Overview I2P Terminology Tunnels NetDB Addressbook Encryption Garlic Routing Network Stack Using I2P Services Using I2P with any Application Tips and Tricks (and Links) Conclusion jem | I2P, The Invisible Internet Projekt | September 20, 2016 at Chaostreff Bern Introduction About Me 2 I Just finished BSc Informatik at BFH I Bachelor Thesis: "Analysis of the I2P Network" I Focused on information gathering inside and evaluation of possible attacks against I2P I Presumes basic knowledge about I2P I Contact: [email protected] (XMPP) or [email protected] (GPG 0x28562678) jem | I2P, The Invisible Internet Projekt | September 20, 2016 at Chaostreff Bern Introduction About I2P: I2P = TOR? 3 Similar to TOR... I Goal: provide anonymous communication over the Internet I Traffic routed across multiple peers I Layered Encryption I Provides Proxies and APIs ...but also different I Designed as overlay network (strictly separated network on top of the Internet) I No central authority I Every peer participates in routing traffic I Provides integrated services: Webserver, E-Mail, IRC, BitTorrent I Much smaller and less researched jem | I2P, The Invisible Internet Projekt | September 20, 2016 at Chaostreff Bern Introduction About I2P: Basic Facts 4 I I2P build in Java (C++ implementation I2Pd available) I Available for all major OS (Linux, Windows, MacOS, Android) I Small project –> slow progress, chaotic documentation, -
Title: P2P Networks for Content Sharing
Title: P2P Networks for Content Sharing Authors: Choon Hoong Ding, Sarana Nutanong, and Rajkumar Buyya Grid Computing and Distributed Systems Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Australia (chd, sarana, raj)@cs.mu.oz.au ABSTRACT Peer-to-peer (P2P) technologies have been widely used for content sharing, popularly called “file-swapping” networks. This chapter gives a broad overview of content sharing P2P technologies. It starts with the fundamental concept of P2P computing followed by the analysis of network topologies used in peer-to-peer systems. Next, three milestone peer-to-peer technologies: Napster, Gnutella, and Fasttrack are explored in details, and they are finally concluded with the comparison table in the last section. 1. INTRODUCTION Peer-to-peer (P2P) content sharing has been an astonishingly successful P2P application on the Internet. P2P has gained tremendous public attention from Napster, the system supporting music sharing on the Web. It is a new emerging, interesting research technology and a promising product base. Intel P2P working group gave the definition of P2P as "The sharing of computer resources and services by direct exchange between systems". This thus gives P2P systems two main key characteristics: • Scalability: there is no algorithmic, or technical limitation of the size of the system, e.g. the complexity of the system should be somewhat constant regardless of number of nodes in the system. • Reliability: The malfunction on any given node will not effect the whole system (or maybe even any other nodes). File sharing network like Gnutella is a good example of scalability and reliability. -
Decentralized File Sharing Application for Mobile Devices -. | Davide Taibi
Asterism: Decentralized File Sharing Application for Mobile Devices Olli-Pekka Heinisuo Valentina Lenarduzzi Davide Taibi Tampere University Tampere University Tampere University Tampere, Finland Tampere, Finland Tampere, Finland [email protected] valentina.lenarduzzi@tut.fi davide.taibi@tut.fi Abstract—Most applications and services rely on central au- To avoid the issues of centralization, data can to be stored thorities. This introduces a single point of failure to the system. without any central authorities. Decentralized storage and The central authority must be trusted to have data stored by the content distribution can be achieved with peer-to-peer (P2P) application available at any given time. More importantly, the privacy of the user depends on the service provider capability to networking. In peer-to-peer networking every node of a network keep the data safe. A decentralized system could be a solution to is both a client and a server [4]. The nodes then talk to each remove the dependency from a central authority. Moreover, due other without any central service as opposed to centralized to the rapid growth of mobile device usage, the availability of systems where all communication goes through dedicated decentralization must not be limited only to desktop computers. central servers. In this work we aim at studying the possibility to use mobile devices as a decentralized file sharing platform without any Peer-to-peer (P2P networks and file sharing are rather central authorities. This was done by implementing Asterism, common on desktop environments but they have been rarely a peer-to-peer file-sharing mobile application based on the Inter- used on mobile devices due to more restricted resources. -
Unveiling the I2P Web Structure: a Connectivity Analysis
Unveiling the I2P web structure: a connectivity analysis Roberto Magan-Carri´ on,´ Alberto Abellan-Galera,´ Gabriel Macia-Fern´ andez´ and Pedro Garc´ıa-Teodoro Network Engineering & Security Group Dpt. of Signal Theory, Telematics and Communications - CITIC University of Granada - Spain Email: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Abstract—Web is a primary and essential service to share the literature have analyzed the content and services offered information among users and organizations at present all over through this kind of technologies [6], [7], [2], as well as the world. Despite the current significance of such a kind of other relevant aspects like site popularity [8], topology and traffic on the Internet, the so-called Surface Web traffic has been estimated in just about 5% of the total. The rest of the dimensions [9], or classifying network traffic and darknet volume of this type of traffic corresponds to the portion of applications [10], [11], [12], [13], [14]. Web known as Deep Web. These contents are not accessible Two of the most popular darknets at present are The Onion by search engines because they are authentication protected Router (TOR; https://www.torproject.org/) and The Invisible contents or pages that are only reachable through the well Internet Project (I2P;https://geti2p.net/en/). This paper is fo- known as darknets. To browse through darknets websites special authorization or specific software and configurations are needed. cused on exploring and investigating the contents and structure Despite TOR is the most used darknet nowadays, there are of the websites in I2P, the so-called eepsites.