Texts of Imagination and Empire
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Thomas Harriot: Father of Modern Notation
Biddix 1 THOMAS HARRIOT: FATHER OF MODERN NOTATION A RESEARCH PAPER SUBMITTED TO DR. SLOAN DESPEAUX DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS WESTERN CAROLINA UNIVERSITY BY LAYLA BIDDIX Biddix 2 Students learn mathematical symbolism early in their education. Any third grader can convey with ease the meanings of “+”, “-“, “=”, “<”, and “>” when asked about these symbols. However, these same students are rarely ever taught the origins of the symbols that they utilize with nearly every mathematical equation that they encounter. Most of these students will never be taught that several of these symbols were created and used by mathematician and astronomer Thomas Harriot. Although little is known of Thomas Harriot, his influence on mathematics is prevalent even at the most basic levels of mathematical manipulations. There exist many suggestions for why Harriot created symbols for his mathematical works, but no concrete reasoning for why Harriot began using symbolism in his mathematics is known. The mixed reaction from his mathematic colleagues and the fact that Harriot did the majority of his work in the early 1600s without the use of a printing press, make it extraordinary that many of the symbols Harriot utilized and the notation in which he wrote in his mathematical manuscripts are still in use today. Harriot always had a knack for symbolism. Harriot’s work with symbolism began with his creation of his own alphabet based on the Algonquian language.1 After spending time and forming a friendship with an Algonquian Indian that some of Harriot’s friends had kidnapped from what is now known as North Carolina, he began writing a language based on what he learned from his new Indian friend.2 This new language included a branch of mathematics, in which he represented powers and roots using cossic or algebraic numbers. -
Pocahontas Alias Matoaka, and Her Descendants Through Her
POC A H O N TAS S T O ALIA MA AKA, A N D H ER DESC EN DA NTS T H R OUGH H ER MARR IAGE AT am esto w n Vir inia in A ril 1 6 1 J , g , p , 4 , WITH OH N R OLFE GEN T LEMAN J , ; I N C LUDING TH E N AM‘ES O F ALFR IEN D E B E LE BE B L BOLL B , ARCH R , NT Y , RNARD , AND, ING, RANCH , B E LL LE I E I' "O O L ' V L CA , CAT TT , CARY, DANDR DG , D N , D UG AS , DU A , E L E E LLE E O IE L LE M GAY O DRIDG , TT , F RGUS N , F D , F ING , , GORD N, F S O I O B LEW LO M K GRI FIN , GRAY N , HARR S N , HU ARD , IS , GAN , AR H AM M E DE M C E M E O E RA N , A , RA , URRAY, PAG ], P YTHR SS , OL OBE O N K W ST ANA R D TAZEWELL D PH , R RTS , S IP ITH , , , W LK WE W A N D T S E LE O E . A , ST , HITT H R WIT H Biographical Sketch es N D O SO WY H AM R BERT N , AN ’D I L L U ST R AT IV E H IST OR I CA L N OT ES A B K . R . R O O D w . O G S J . -
The Near & Middle East
February 2021 February The Near & Middle East A Short List of Books, Maps & Photographs Maggs Bros. Ltd. Maggs Bros. MAGGS BROS. LTD. 48 BEDFORD SQUARE LONDON WC1B 3DR & MAGGS BROS. LTD. 46 CURZON STREET LONDON W1J 7UH Our shops are temporarily closed to the public. However, we are still processing sales by our website, email and phone; and we are still shipping books worldwide. Telephone: +44 (0)20 7493 7160 Email: [email protected] Website: www.maggs.com Unless otherwise stated, all sales are subject to our standard terms of business, as displayed in our business premises, and at http://www.maggs.com/terms_and_conditions. To pay by credit or debit card, please telephone. Cover photograph: item 12, [IRAQ]. Cheques payable to Maggs Bros Ltd; please enclose invoice number. Ellipse: item 21, [PERSIA]. THE ARABIAN PENINSULA Striking Oil in Abu Dhabi 1 [ABU DHABI]. VARIOUS AUTHORS. A collection of material relating to the discovery of oil in Abu Dhabi. [Including:] ABU DHABI MARINE AREAS LTD. Persian Gulf Handbook. Small 8vo. Original green card wrappers, stapled, gilt lettering to upper wrapper; staples rusted, extremities bumped, otherwise very good. [1], 23ff. N.p., n.d., but [Abu Dhabi, c.1954]. [With:] GRAVETT (Guy). Fifteen original silver-gelatin photographs, mainly focusing on the inauguration of the Umm Shaif oilfield. 9 prints measuring 168 by 216mm and 6 measuring 200 by 250mm. 14 with BP stamps to verso and all 15 have duplicated typescript captions. A few small stains, some curling, otherwise very good. Abu Dhabi, 1962. [And:] ROGERS (Lieut. Commander J. A.). OFF-SHORE DRILLING. -
Thomas Harriot the Discovery of Refraction
STEP-BY-STEP LANGUAGE INSTITUTE (84) (28) 6292-8721 https://stepbystepcorp.com Thomas Harriot The Discovery of Refraction A. When light travels from one medium to another, it generally bends, or refracts. The law of refraction gives us a way of predicting the amount of bending. Refraction has many applications in optics and technology. A lens uses refraction to form an image of an object for many different purposes, such as magnification. A prism uses refraction to form a spectrum of colors from an incident beam of light. Refraction also plays an important role in the formation of a mirage and other optical illusions. The law of refraction is also known as Snell’s Law, named after Willobrord Snell, who discovered the law in 1621. Although Snell’s sine law of refraction is now taught routinely in undergraduate courses, the quest for it spanned many centuries and involved many celebrated scientists. Perhaps the most interesting thing is that the first discovery of the sine law, made by the sixteenth-century English scientist Thomas Harriot (1560-1621), has been almost completely overlooked by physicists, despite much published material describing his contribution. B. A contemporary of Shakespeare, Elizabeth I, Johannes Kepler and Galilei Galileo, Thomas Harriot (1560-1621) was an English scientist and mathematician. His principal biographer, J.W. Shirley, was quoted saying that in his time he was “England’s most profound mathematician, most imaginative and methodical experimental scientist”. As a mathematician, he contributed to the development of algebra, and introduced the symbols of “>” and “<“ for “more than” and “less than.” He also studied navigation and astronomy. -
Jamestown Timeline
A Jamestown Timeline Christopher Columbus never reached the shores of the North American Continent, but European explorers learned three things from him: there was someplace to go, there was a way to get there, and most importantly, there was a way to get back. Thus began the European exploration of what they referred to as the “New World”. The following timeline details important events in the establishment of the first permanent English settlement in America – Jamestown, Virginia. Preliminary Events 1570s Spanish Jesuits set up an Indian mission on the York River in Virginia. They were killed by the Indians, and the mission was abandoned. Wahunsonacock (Chief Powhatan) inherited a chiefdom of six tribes on the upper James and middle York Rivers. By 1607, he had conquered about 25 other tribes. 1585-1590 Three separate voyages sent English settlers to Roanoke, Virginia (now North Carolina). On the last voyage, John White could not locate the “lost” settlers. 1602 Captain Bartholomew Gosnold explored New England, naming some areas near and including Martha’s Vineyard. 1603 Queen Elizabeth I died; James VI of Scotland became James I of England. Early Settlement Years 1606, April James I of England granted a charter to the Virginia Company to establish colonies in Virginia. The charter named two branches of the Company, the Virginia Company of London and the Virginia Company of Plymouth. 1606, December 20 Three ships – Susan Constant, Godspeed, and Discovery - left London with 105 men and boys to establish a colony in Virginia between 34 and 41 degrees latitude. 1607, April 26 The three ships sighted the land of Virginia, landed at Cape Henry (present day Virginia Beach) and were attacked by Indians. -
Ocanahowan and Recently Discovered Linguistic
2 OCANAHOWAN AND RECENTLY DISCOVERED LINGUISTIC FRAGMENTS FROM SOUTHERN VIRGINIA, C. 1650 Philip Barbour Ridgefield, Connecticut Published in: Papers of the 7th Algonquian Conference (1975) Ocanahowan (or Ocanahonan and other spellings) was the name of an Indian town or village, region or tribe, which was first reported in Captain John Smith's True Relation in 1608 and vanished from the records after Smith mentioned it for the last time 1624, until it turned up again in a few handwritten lines in the back of a book. Briefly, these lines cover half a page of a small quarto, and have been ascribed to the period from about 1650 to perhaps the end of the century, on the basis of style of writing. The page in question is the blank verso of the last page in a copy of Robert Johnson's Nova Britannia, published in London in 1604, now in the possession of a distinguished bibliophile of Williamsburg, Virginia. When I first heard about it, I was in London doing research and brushing up on the English language, Easter-time 1974, and Bernard Quaritch, Ltd., got in touch with me about "some rather meaningless annotations" in a small volume they had for sale. Very briefly put, for I shall return to the matter in a few minutes, I saw that the notes were of the time of the Jamestown colony and that they contained a few Powhatan words. Now that the volume has a new owner, and I have his permission to xerox and talk about it, I can explain why it aroused my interest to such an extent. -
The History of the Jamestown Colony: Seventeenth-Century and Modern Interpretations
The History of the Jamestown Colony: Seventeenth-Century and Modern Interpretations A Senior Honors Thesis Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for graduation with research distinction in History in the undergraduate colleges of the Ohio State University By Sarah McBee The Ohio State University at Mansfield June 2009 Project Advisor: Professor Heather Tanner, Department of History Introduction Reevaluating Jamestown On an unexceptional day in December about four hundred years ago, three small ships embarked from an English dock and began the long and treacherous voyage across the Atlantic. The passengers on board envisioned their goals – wealth and discovery, glory and destiny. The promise of a new life hung tantalizingly ahead of them. When they arrived in their new world in May of the next year, they did not know that they were to begin the journey of a nation that would eventually become the United States of America. This summary sounds almost ridiculously idealistic – dream-driven achievers setting out to start over and build for themselves a better world. To the average American citizen, this story appears to be the classic description of the Pilgrims coming to the new world in 1620 seeking religious freedom. But what would the same average American citizen say to the fact that this deceptively idealistic story actually took place almost fourteen years earlier at Jamestown, Virginia? The unfortunate truth is that most people do not know the story of the Jamestown colony, established in 1607.1 Even when people have heard of Jamestown, often it is with a negative connotation. Common knowledge marginally recognizes Jamestown as the colony that predates the Separatists in New England by more than a dozen years, and as the first permanent English settlement in America. -
1492 and All That: Making a Garden out of a Wilderness
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by YorkSpace Ramsay Cook The John P. Robarts Professor Of Canadian Studies THE SEVENTH ANNUAL ROBARTS LECTURE 14 October 1992 York University, Toronto, Ontario A member of York’s History Department since1969, Professor Cook is author of several books: The Politics of John W. Dafoe and the Free Press; Canada and the French Canadian Question; The Maple Leaf Forever, Canada, Quebec and the Uses of Nationalism; and The Regenerators: Social Criticism in Late Victorian English Canada. The last mentioned was awarded the Governor General’s Literary Award for Non Fiction in 1985. 1492 and All That: Making a Garden out of a Wilderness "The Land is a Garden of Eden before them, and behind them a desolate wilderness." Joel 2:3 For Howard Lamar 1492 and All That - Part 1 "Is not America," Fernand Braudel asks in The Perspective of the World, the third volume of his magisterial Civilization and Capitalism, "perhaps the true explanation of Europe's greatness? Did not Europe discover or indeed 'invent' America, and has Europe not always celebrated Columbus's voyages as the greatest event in history 'since the creation'?" And then the great French historian concludes that "America was . the achievement by which Europe most truly revealed her own nature."' Braudel wrote without any intended irony, but that final remark about Europe truly revealing "her own nature"1 is perhaps what is really at issue in the current reassessment of the implications of Columbus's landfall at Guanahari, or San Salvador, as he named it in his first act of semiotic imperialism. -
150 Books of Influence Editor: Laura Emery Editor: Cynthia Lelliott Production Assistant: Dana Thomas Graphic Designer: Gwen North
READING NOVA SCOTIA 150 Books of Influence Editor: Laura Emery Editor: Cynthia Lelliott Production Assistant: Dana Thomas Graphic Designer: Gwen North Cover photo and Halifax Central Library exterior: Len Wagg Below (left to right):Truro Library, formerly the Provincial Normal College for Training Teachers, 1878–1961: Norma Johnson-MacGregor Photos of Halifax Central Library interiors: Adam Mørk READING NOVA SCOTIA 150 Books of Influence A province-wide library project of the Nova Scotia Library Association and Nova Scotia’s nine Regional Public Library systems in honour of the 150th anniversary of Confederation. The 150 Books of Influence Project Committee recognizes the support of the Province of Nova Scotia. We are pleased to work in partnership with the Department of Communities, Culture and Heritage to develop and promote our cultural resources for all Nova Scotians. Final publication date November 2017. Books are our finest calling card to the world. The stories they share travel far and wide, and contribute greatly to our global presence. Books have the power to profoundly express the complex and rich cultural life that makes Nova Scotia a place people want to visit, live, work and play. This year, the 150th Anniversary of Confederation provided Public Libraries across the province with a unique opportunity to involve Nova Scotians in a celebration of our literary heritage. The value of public engagement in the 150 Books of Influence project is demonstrated by the astonishing breadth and quality of titles listed within. The booklist showcases the diversity and creativity of authors, both past and present, who have called Nova Scotia home. -
A Jamestown Timeline
A Jamestown Timeline Christopher Columbus never reached the shores of the North American Continent, but European explorers learned three things from him: there was someplace to go, there was a way to get there, and most importantly, there was a way to get back. Thus began the European exploration of what they referred to as the “New World”. The following timeline details important events in the establishment of the fi rst permanent English settlement in America – Jamestown, Virginia. PRELIMINARY EVENTS 1570s Spanish Jesuits set up an Indian mission on the York River in Virginia. They were killed by the Indians, and the mission was abandoned. Wahunsonacock (Chief Powhatan) inherited a chiefdom of six tribes on the upper James and middle York Rivers. By 1607, he had conquered about 25 other tribes. 1585-1590 Three separate voyages sent English settlers to Roanoke, Virginia (now North Carolina). On the last voyage, John White could not locate the “lost” settlers. 1602 Captain Bartholomew Gosnold explored New England, naming some areas near and including Martha’s Vineyard. 1603 Queen Elizabeth I died; James VI of Scotland became James I of England. EARLY SETTLEMENT YEARS 1606, April James I of England granted a charter to the Virginia Company to establish colonies in Virginia. The charter named two branches of the Company, the Virginia Company of London and the Virginia Company of Plymouth. 1606, December 20 Three ships – Susan Constant, Godspeed, and Discovery – left London with 105 men and boys to establish a colony in Virginia between 34 and 41 degrees latitude. 1607, April 26 The three ships sighted the land of Virginia, landed at Cape Henry (present day Virginia Beach) and were attacked by Indians. -
Hunt Club 23
Charles City County Business Directory County Guide Compiled September 1998 By: Charles City County Department of Planning January 2016 **Please contact the Department of Planning to report any incorrect information** Introduction Charles City County is a quiet, rural haven located in the east-central portion of the Commonwealth of Virginia. In 1634, the colonial General Assembly met at Jamestown and divided the Virginia Colony into eight shires, similar to those in England. These were Accomack, Charles River, Henrico, Elizabeth City, James City, Warwick River, Warrosquyoake and Charles City. The Charles City shire was named for the English King's son, Charles, who later became King Charles I. When first established, Charles City comprised a large area on both sides of the James River, but gradually it lost land area to the formation of other counties. Settlement in Charles City County began as early as 1613. Many of the famous estates were patented in these early years. Charles Carter built Shirley Plantation about 1769. It is believed to be the first Virginia plantation. Today the Carter family still owns Shirley Plantation. Benjamin Harrison, IV, built the Berkeley Plantation mansion in 1726. Berkeley was the birthplace of Benjamin Harrison, V, a signer of the Declaration of Independence and Governor of Virginia. Berkeley was also the home of William Henry Harrison, the ninth President of the United States. John Tyler, tenth President of the United States, purchased Sherwood Forest in 1842. William Byrd, III, a notable Virginia planter, author, and colonial official constructed Westover Plantation about 1730. Evelynton Plantation was originally part of William Byrd's expansive Westover Plantation. -
The Contribution of Ralph Hamor's True Discourse to the Establishment of the English Colony in America
W&M ScholarWorks Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects 1992 Selling America in the Seventeenth Century: The Contribution of Ralph Hamor's True Discourse to the Establishment of the English Colony in America Sibley Judson Smith College of William & Mary - Arts & Sciences Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd Part of the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Smith, Sibley Judson, "Selling America in the Seventeenth Century: The Contribution of Ralph Hamor's True Discourse to the Establishment of the English Colony in America" (1992). Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects. Paper 1539625711. https://dx.doi.org/doi:10.21220/s2-9acf-4z41 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. SELLING AMERICA IN THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY: THE CONTRIBUTION OF RALPH HAMOR'S TRUE DISCOURSE THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE ENGLISH COLONY IN VIRGINIA A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the American Studies Program The College of William and Mary in Virginia In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts by Sibley Judson Smith, Jr. November 1992 APPROVAL SHEET This thesis is submitted in partial fulfillment the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts thor Approved, November 1992 Thad W. Tate Robert Gross Cary Cars>6h Vice-President, Research Colonial Williamsburg Foundation DEDICATION This is dedicated to the memory of my father, "S.J.” Smith, S.K.C., U.S.N., Ret., my first American Hero, who introduced me to the world of adventure in the history of our country.