HSST 2310

Lecture 3 THE AND The Book of

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

Brian E. Daley, The Hope of the Early Church: Handbook of Christian Patristic (1991) Bernard McGinn, (1994) Charles E. Hill, Regnum Caelorum (1992) Christine Trevett, Montanism: Gender, Authority, New Prophecy (1996)

OUTLINE

I. A Primitive Eschatology? Foundational texts 1 Thess 1 Cor. The Little : all else seems post 80 Destruction of Temple, 70 2 Thess The Temple Prophecies (Little Apocalypses) Matthew Mark Luke Jewish Wars begin, 67

II. The as a Text Irenaeus (ca. 160-70) Domitian (reign 81-92) Kittim See HANDOUT 1 “Sevens in Revelation) Circular versus linear interpretations

III. The Woman Crowned with Stars A.Rev. 12–14 Polyvalent meanings The Dragon 1260 days = 3.5 years 2

Lecture 4 THE NEW TESTAMENT AND APOCALYPTICISM Rethinking Revelation

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I. from the Sea Roma 42 months (1260 days) Apoc. 13:10 A Man = 666 or 616 Caesar Nero(n) "Nero Redux" "Nero Redivivus"

II. The Women of Revelation (Rev. 17) See HANDOUT “The Harlot of Revelation” First Great Persecutor, 95 Trajan's Persecution, 98

III. The Prophetic Future Delayed Parousia Albert Schweitzer Adolf von Harnack (1851–1930) Premillennialists Papias of Hierapolis (c. 60– c.130) Justin (c. 100–165) Irenaeus of Lyons (c. 130 – c. 202) Hippolytus of Rome (c. 170–235) 3 this was in 4 but probably duplictes some of above.

IV. The New Apocalyptic (Gnostic) A. Overview 1. Mostly an "other " project 2. But many texts a. were new apocalypses--ascribed to NT figures b. were read by Orthodox--if only to attack them 3. new "Sibylline Books"--Charlesworth ed B. Geographical survey: Egypt 1. Background: Apocalyptic Judaism a. 2 Enoch; Jewish Sibyllines; 3 Baruch; Apoc. of Adam b. Emphasize: cosmic knowledge through spiritual ascents to upper heaven c. Strong matter-spirit dualism (cf. Philo) 2. Christian Ascent Apocalypses (non historical) a. Apocryphon of John, Apocalypse of Paul, Pistis Sophia, Book of Jeu b. Mostly focus on "toll booths" to heaven 3. Apocalypse of Peter a. Historical apoc. of vengeance b. Final woes and theme c. Focus on punishment of persecutors by angels d. NT "remote root" is 2 Thess 1:6-10. 4. Apocalypse of Elijah a. Combines native Egyptian ideas and Rev. b. Enemies are 1) persecutors 2) anti-ascetics c. very egyptian tribulations: dangerous animals, Nile turns to blood d. Fasting conflict signals last days--the great e. Vindication will produce millennium 5. Themes: Martyrdom, , --all will continue after rise of Egyptian Great Church, ca. 180s). Egyptian Fathers knew the lit. C. Geographical Survey: Syria-Palestine 1. Jewish Background: Testaments of 12 Patriarchs a. Apocryphon based on Genesis 49 (Jacob's prophecies)--fleshes them out b. Probably arose at Jewish pilgrimage site of tombs of pat. at Hebron c. rewritten by Christians so that Levi and Judah prophesy d. Literature: NOT abundant as in Egypt 2. Testament of Adam: 1 description of Parousia (with focus on angels); 2 visions of heaven with more angelology 3. Two "Prophetic Autobiographies" a. Book of Elchasai: IIc. incl. vision of two "giants" J-C and Holy Spirit. Who reveal true Christianity: observe Jewish Law, repeated baptisms. Expect an eschatological war and martyrdom. Paul is "anti-christ" figure b. Mani: Prophet claiming Pauline roots. He gets truths from his "cosmic twin" -- 4

Bodies are evil, dropping the body is goal. D. Geographical Survey: Asia Minor / Rome / Africa 1. This is an "Orthodox Area" 2. It seems that "prophesy" was important a. This is the region of Apocalypse and John b. Documents: Ezra prophecies that travel with 4 Ezra.: mostly a series of woes c. By the late 100s, it will home of Montanism