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Muscidae (Insecta: Diptera) De La Provincia De Buenos Aires

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Muscidae (Insecta: Diptera) De La Provincia De Buenos Aires Tesis Doctoral Muscidae (Insecta: Diptera) de la provincia de Buenos Aires. Composición específica y estacionalidad Patitucci, Luciano Damián 2010 Este documento forma parte de la colección de tesis doctorales y de maestría de la Biblioteca Central Dr. Luis Federico Leloir, disponible en digital.bl.fcen.uba.ar. Su utilización debe ser acompañada por la cita bibliográfica con reconocimiento de la fuente. This document is part of the doctoral theses collection of the Central Library Dr. Luis Federico Leloir, available in digital.bl.fcen.uba.ar. It should be used accompanied by the corresponding citation acknowledging the source. Cita tipo APA: Patitucci, Luciano Damián. (2010). Muscidae (Insecta: Diptera) de la provincia de Buenos Aires. Composición específica y estacionalidad. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Cita tipo Chicago: Patitucci, Luciano Damián. "Muscidae (Insecta: Diptera) de la provincia de Buenos Aires. Composición específica y estacionalidad". Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. 2010. Dirección: Biblioteca Central Dr. Luis F. Leloir, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Contacto: [email protected] Intendente Güiraldes 2160 - C1428EGA - Tel. (++54 +11) 4789-9293 UNIVERSIDAD DE BUENOS AIRES Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales Muscidae (Insecta: Diptera) de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Composición específica y estacionalidad. Tesis presentada para optar al título de Doctor de la Universidad de Buenos Aires en el área Ciencias Biológicas Luciano Damián Patitucci Directores de tesis: Juan Carlos Mariluis Juan Alberto Schnack Consejera de Estudios: Graciela Cohen Lugar de trabajo: ANLIS “Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán” - CeNDIE Buenos Aires, 2010 Muscidae (Insecta: Diptera) de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Composición específi ca y estacionalidad. Resumen: Muscidae es una de las familias más diversas dentro de los dípteros caliptrados y presenta hábitos extremadamente variados. La mayoría de sus larvas son carroñeras y tienen un profundo impacto en los ecosistemas ya que contribuyen a la descomposición de la materia orgánica. Este trabajo estable el inventario de especies para la provincia de Buenos Aires listando 40 especies distribuidas en 24 géneros. Paralelamente se aumenta la distribución de las especies presentes en la provincia en todo el país. Se proporciona la redescripción de cuatro especies y se aporta un clave con carácteres diagnósticos. Se describe la dinámica de fl uctuación anual, preferencia por cebos y microhábitats de las especies más abundantes presentes en un gradiente de urbanización del Partido de Almi- rante Brown, asi como las características de sinantropía en un período de dos años. Se caracteriza a las familias de dípteros caliptrados respecto de su elenco específi co, abun- dancia y riqueza en distintos espacios verdes de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, estableciendo patrones de abundancia y riqueza del ensamble respecto de los tipos de ce- bos utilizados y de los microambientes en un período de un año. Se obtiene el inventario preliminar de las especies de dípteros caliptrados en la Reserva Natural Estricta Otamendi y se caracteriza a las comunidades de dípteros en términos de composición y riqueza de taxa en dos ambientes con distinta composición vegetal. Se observó una tendencia ge- neral en la preferencia de las especies de Muscidae por los ambientes de sombra, ya sea proporcionado de manera artifi cial en los espacios urbanizados o en las áreas boscosas de los ambientes naturales y se observó una mayor riqueza sobre los cebos de heces respecto de los animales en descomposición (hígado y vísceras de pollo). Palabras claves: Muscidae, Entomología, Biodiversidad, Taxonomía, Composición Es- pecífi ca, Argentina. 1 Muscidae (Insecta: Diptera) of the Buenos Aires province. Specifi c composition and seasonality. Abstract: Muscidae is one of the most diverse families within of the calytrate Diptera and present extremely diverse habits. Most larvae are scavengers and have a profound impact on eco- systems because contributing to the decomposition of organic matter. This work show the inventory of species for the province of Buenos Aires listing 40 species in 24 genera. At the same time increases the distribution of species of the province throughout the country. It provides the redescription of four species and a key with diagnostic characters. It de- scribe the dynamics of annual fl uctuation, baits and microenvironments preference of the most abundant species present in a gradient of urbanization of the Partido de Almirante Brown, as well as the characteristics of sinantropía over a period of two years. It char- acterizes families of calyptrate Diptera about their specifi c list, abundance and richness in different green spaces in the City of Buenos Aires, establishing patterns of abundance and richness of the assembly on the types of bait used and the microenvironments in a pe- riod of one year. Obtained a preliminary survey of calyptrate Diptera in Otamendi Strict Nature Reserve and is characterized Dipteran communities in terms of composition and richness of taxa in two environments with different plant composition. There was a gen- eral trend in the preference of Muscidae species by the environments of shade, either ar- tifi cially provided in the urbanized areas or forest areas in natural environments and there was greater wealth on the baits of feces on decaying animal (chicken liver and viscera). Key words: Muscidae, Entomology, Biodiversity, Taxonomy, Specifi c Composition, Ar- gentina. 2 Agradecimientos A mis directores, Juan C. Mariluis y Juan A. Schnack por permitirme aprender a su lado, por darme total libertad para trabajar y por estar siempre para ayudarme con lo que necesitaba. Nuevamente quiero agradecer a Juan Carlos por abrirme las puertas de su labora- torio, por proponerme trabajar con este maravilloso tema, por su amistad y por tenerme mucha paciencia. A Pablo R. Mulieri por su ayuda invaluable, por su convicción y profesionalismo para trabajar, por compartir conmigo todos los días (risas, llantos y otras yerbas) y por sobre todas las cosas por su profunda amistad. Al ANLIS -“Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán” y especialmente al Dr. Daniel Salomón por permitirme desarrollar este proyecto en el instituto y ayudarme en toda oportunidad. Al CONICET por fi nanciar este trabajo. A Adriana Oliva por ayudarme con la parte forense, por poner a mi disposición su colección y elementos de trabajo en la sucesivas visitas al museo, por los chocolates y las confi turas varias, y por su amistad. Al Dr. Axel O. Bachmann por responder todas mis preguntas desde entomológicas hasta gramaticales y por compartir todos los martes un almuerzo lleno de historias. A los entomólogos amigos de FCEN (Mariano, Patricia, Silvia y Susana). A Juan Pablo Torretta por brindarse incondicionalmente, por permitirme el acceso a la colección de FAUBA y por su amistad. Al Dr. Arturo Roy por permitirme acceder libremente y estudiar la colección del MACN. A la Dra. Graciela Cohen por ayudarme y guiarme para una mejor formación. A la “Fundación Idea Wild” por concederme el instrumental para poder desarro- llar mi labor y especialmente a María Laura Habegger y Martín M. Berdugo por traerlo desde el otro hemisferio. 3 A Agustín Mezzabotta y atoda la gente de la Reserva Otamendi, así como también a todo el personal de la Reserva Ecológica Costanera Sur, y al Dr. Gabriel Manrique y la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales por el apoyo institucional. A los curadores Dr. Guillermo Claps de la “Fundación Miguel Lillo”, Dra. Norma B. Díaz del “Museo de La Plata”, Dr. Raymond Gagné del “Smithsonian Institution”, Dr. Ben Brugge del “Zoologisch Museum” y Dr. Bjoern Rulik del “Staatliches Museum für Tierkunde, por el material enviado. A Lic. Sergio Miguel por su cooperación en la ejecución de este trabajo. A Osvaldo Di Iorio y Paola Turienzo por facilitarme para su estudio el material de Philornis. A la Dra. Cristina Hernández por enviarme todos los años el “Zoological Records”. A Francisco “Paco” Crespo por las charlas matinales, por poner varias veces una oreja y escuchar pacientemente mis quejas y por su amistad. A todos mis amigos, los que me acompañan desde el principio de esta historia y los que fueron apareciendo después, por aguantarse mis desplantes, por escucharme siem- pre y permitirme ser parte de sus vidas. A mi familia por su amor y cariño, por apoyarme y alentarme siempre a seguir mis sueños. 4 “Un joven que quiere ser científi co – y a la ciencia su tiempo dedicará - tiene al menos tres certezas: que morirá un día (como todos), que no se hará rico (como casi todo el mundo) y que se divertirá mucho (como pocos).” Newton Freire-Maia (1918-2003) 5 “…lo que hacemos solo para nosotros, muere con nosotros, lo que hacemos para los demás y para el mundo permanece y es para siempre”. Albert Pike (1809-1891) A la memoria de Josefi na Carón y Vicente Patitucci 6 Contenido Resumen………………………………...............................................….………………..1 Abstract……………………………..............................................…….…………………2 Agradecimientos……………….............................................……….…………………...3 Dedicatorias……………………….............................................….……………………..5 Introducción general........................................................................................................9 Aspectos fi logenéticos de la familia Muscidae....................................................10 Muscidae en Argentina.........................................................................................11
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