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Searching Success Legal and Governance Reform: SEARCHING Lessons Learned No. 1 2006 SEARCHINGFOR FOR SUCCE SUCCEss NARRATIVE ACCOUNTS OF LEGAL REFORM ss IN DEVELOPING And TRANSITION COUNTRIES REFO LE gal R M: LE M: an D GOVE D ss O ns rnanc LE arn E Cover art: ED Ambrogio Lorenzetti (fl. c.1311–1348) Justice, from Allegory of Good Government. No. 1 Palazzo Pubblico, Siena, Italy 2006 Photo Credit: Scala / Art Resource, NY International Development Law Organization Organisation Internationale de Droit du Développement Editor: Thomas F. McInerney Editorial Assistant: Odette Boya Resta Design: Edmond Kim Design Printing: Grafica Internazionale Disclaimer: International Development Law Organization (IDLO) is an inter-governmental organization. The views expressed in this book are the views of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of IDLO, its Member States or Board of Directors. IDLO does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this book and accepts no responsibility for any consequence of its use. The countries listed in this book do not imply any view on IDLO’s part as to sovereignty, independent status, or legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. IDLO publications are intended to expand legal knowledge, disseminate diverse viewpoints, and spark discussion on development law issues. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in such works are the author’s own and do not necessarily represent those of IDLO or IDLO policy. © International Development Law Organization 2006 Legal and Governance Reform: Lessons Learned No. 1 2006 SEARCHING FOR SUCCE ss NArrAtiVE ACCOUnts of LegAL Reform in DEVeloPing And TRAnsition CoUntries TAB L E OF CONTENT S D O M E S T I C Impl E M E N TAT I O N MArjAN RAdjAVI O F I NTERNATIONA L McGill University Centre for 7 9 123 LEGA L N OR ms International Sustainable AC kno W ledgments ForeWord Development Law (CISDL) Chapter Eight I NTRODUCTION Gender and Economic Social and Cultural Rights (ESCR): Institutions promoting non-discrimination in education in Argentina and Pakistan THomAS F. MCInerneY International Development 11 Law Organization (IDLO) Jorge CAbrerA MedAgliA & CHristine Frison & THomAS Joie KATHRYN GArfortH Chapter One 139 151 McGill University Centre for Introduction McGill University Centre for International Sustainable International Sustainable Development Law (CISDL) METHOD S A N D Development Law (CISDL) Chapter Ten Chapter Nine Expériences sur l’élaboration de nouvelles lois MECHANI sms Legal Reform for the Development and de développement de la biosécurité et de la JAmes A. Goldston F O R P R O M O T I N G Implementation of Measures on Access to biotechnologie: perspectives de réformes légales 29 Open Society Institute (OSI) Genetic Resources and Benefit-Sharing en Afrique de l’Ouest Justice Initiative LEGA L R EFOR M Chapter Two C ONC L U S ION Open Society Justice Initiative — Strategic Litigation and Law Reform THomAS F. MCInerneY 165 International Development MICHel NUssbAUmer LeliA MooneY SirotinskY Law Organization (IDLO) 43 European Bank for Reconstruction 53 Partners of the Americas Chapter Eleven and Development (EBRD) Conclusion Chapter Three Chapter Four The EBRD Legal Assessment Work; Gender and the Law: Education as a Tool Ep I L OGUE An Effective Tool for Promoting Change to Promote and Improve Women’s Rights YoHAnnes KAssAHUN B UI L D I N G A N D 175 International Development Imp R O V I N G Law Organization (IDLO) I N S TITUTION S : An Overview of Law Reform in the RAZA AHMAD & DOUG Porter Economic Development Context Asian Development Bank (ADB) E X P E R I E N C E W I T H 69 JUDICIA L R EFOR M Chapter Five Justice Sector Reforms and Policy Conditionality: Symbiosis or Mutual Denial? 185 ArnAB KUMAR HAZRA EriCA HARPer ContribUtors 91 Asian Development Bank (ADB) 107 Post-Tsunami Initiative, International Development Chapter Six Law Organization (IDLO) Possibilities, Dynamics, and Conditions Chapter Seven for Reform of the Judiciary in India New Approaches to Transitional Justice in East Timor D O M E S T I C Impl E M E N TAT I O N MArjAN RAdjAVI O F I NTERNATIONA L 123 McGill University Centre for LEGA L N OR ms International Sustainable Development Law (CISDL) Chapter Eight Gender and Economic Social and Cultural Rights (ESCR): Institutions promoting non-discrimination in education in Argentina and Pakistan Jorge CAbrerA MedAgliA & CHristine Frison & THomAS Joie KATHRYN GArfortH 139 151 McGill University Centre for McGill University Centre for International Sustainable International Sustainable Development Law (CISDL) Development Law (CISDL) Chapter Ten Chapter Nine Expériences sur l’élaboration de nouvelles lois Legal Reform for the Development and de développement de la biosécurité et de la Implementation of Measures on Access to biotechnologie: perspectives de réformes légales Genetic Resources and Benefit-Sharing en Afrique de l’Ouest C ONC L U S ION THomAS F. MCInerneY 165 International Development Law Organization (IDLO) Chapter Eleven Conclusion Ep I L OGUE YoHAnnes KAssAHUN 175 International Development Law Organization (IDLO) An Overview of Law Reform in the Economic Development Context 185 ContribUtors ACKNOWLEDGMENTS his project is the first project of its kind by IDLO and there were many per- sons within and outside the Organization who helped bring it to fruition. First, IDLO’s Director General, William Loris, and Director of Distance Learning and Research, Yohannes Kassahun, provided critical support Tfor this project from the inception. Other colleagues at IDLO provided input in vari- ous stages along the way. Thanks to Sumit Bisarya, Francesca Cardona, Isabelle Delas, Johanna Dopson, Emma Fairbrother, Adrian de Giovanni, Jami Hubbard, Ben Katz, Rosemary Navarrete, and Miles Young. I would also like to thank a number of persons from outside of the Organization in- cluding Marie Claire Cordonier Segger, from the Center for International Sustainable Development Law, for helping to support this project by making available a number of the contributors. Richard Winfield from the International Senior Lawyers Project also deserves thanks for helping us establish contact with various experts from their network. Thomas Carothers kindly offered his thoughts on critical issues in international rule of law promotion, which influenced the project at an early stage. Edgardo Buscaglia, Charles Forrest, David McQuoid-Mason, and Daniel Rothenberg, provided valuable feedback on several of the contributions. Finally, thanks to all of the contributors and the institutions with which they are associ- ated for their respective contributions to, what I hope will be, an ongoing conversation. Thomas F. McInerney Rome, 2006 InternAtionAL DEVeloPment LAW OrgAniZAtion SEARCHing for SUCCess: Narrative Accounts of Legal Reform in Developing and Transition Countries FOREWORD William T. Loris Director-General International Development Law Organization he International Development Law Organization (IDLO) has been invested in the discourse surrounding the rule of law since its founding in 1983. Over the Tyears the boundaries of the ‘rule of law field’ have expanded to the point where it appears unspecific and even unmanageable at times. This volume adds constructively to the ongoing dialogue by bringing together voices from several countries with unique perspectives on legal reform and how it can effect positive change in transition and developing countries. Our mission at IDLO also speaks to the larger call for good governance in these same countries. The rule of law is a key element of good governance. A well functioning legal system is required to facilitate economic relationships and to unleash the universal potential for self-improvement. The absence of such a system presents a fundamental barrier to economic development. Searching for Success: Narrative Accounts of Legal Reform in Developing and Transi- tion Countries looks primarily at legal reform within the framework of international assistance, focusing on ways to achieve success. Although the full impact of these recent projects may be difficult to gauge for some time, the contextual sensitivity of their ap- proaches seems to be of particular import. It is the first of what will be a series of vol- umes on governance, law and development published by IDLO. IDLO is grateful to the leading international practitioners and academics who con- tributed their work and to the editor of this volume and the IDLO General Counsel, Thomas F. McInerney, for conceiving and bringing this project to fruition. InternAtionAL DEVeloPment LAW OrgAniZAtion 10 SEARCHing for SUCCess: Narrative Accounts of Legal Reform in Developing and Transition Countries 1 INTRODUCTION Thomas F. McInerney eform of law and legal institutions is at the forefront of many discussions of contemporary international affairs. I say international affairs rather than international development because the debate has broadened significantly. While development remains a central focus, other reasons for improving Rlaw and legal institutions are increasingly being recognized. Such reasons will affect the focus and design of reform programs, the level of support donors provide, and the prospects for success. The diverse rationales and approaches to legal and associated institutional reform raise the question of whether we can consider all of these areas as a single field.1 WHY LAW REFORM? n contemporary parlance, efforts to improve law
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