The Civil War on the Internet: A Selection of the Best Web Sources for Educators and Students

RICK DYSON

he , the War the Confederate battle flag over the state Internet. Students, faculty, librarians, T between the States, War of the capitol is a prime example. Most Amer- researchers, and Civil War enthusiasts Rebellion, the Second American Revolu- ican colleges list at least one course on often find an overwhelming number of tion, and the War of Southern Indepen- the Civil War in their catalogues. Major Civil War-related Web sites. I hope that dence are all names for the bloodiest professional American history associa- this article with its annotated list of conflict in American history. That war of tions present several Civil War pro- Civil War Web sites, will be useful to many names has inspired authors to write grams during their annual meetings. educators and students. In this listing, I thousands of books and articles. With the Every year, publishers offer numerous emphasize sites that contain primary advent of the Internet came a plethora of books on Civil War topics, and thou- documents, which should interest teach- Web sites devoted to the topic. Many sands take part in Civil War reenact- ers looking for primary sources to inte- Civil War sites are well done, but a num- ments and encampments across the grate into their teaching. ber of them have little or no value to edu- land. A further testament to America's cators and students. I have included in enduring interest in that aspect of U.S. Index of Helpful Web Sites this article the addresses of some note- history is the fact that the National Park About.com's Civil War Links worthy Web sites on this popular topic Service administers thirty-two national http://americanhistory.about.com/cs/ that can be used by students, faculty parks and monuments related to the civilwarmenu/index.htm About.com's links are only as good as the members, teachers, researchers, and Civil War. Fascination with the conflict expert who collects the subject links. In this librarians. has spread to the Internet. In a search instance, the guide is a librarian with a his- Antietam and Gettysburg are two conducted on February 11, 2004, I tory degree. The links presented are useful words that evoke tremendous emotion found that the Google Internet search Web sites. engine alone contained 4,540,000 links Academic Info U.S. History: Independence in many Americans. Two of the bloodi- through the Civil War est battles in American history occurred to Civil War-related Web sites. http://www.academicinfo.net/usindcw.html more than 140 years ago, but mention of As with any topic, the quality of Web Academic Info is a site that aspires to those battles gives rise to a passion that sites varies greatly. Civil War Web sites organize selected Web sites along academic still runs high in America when the run the gamut from vanity sites of per- lines. According to its creator, the primary focus of the site is academic, with its intend- Civil War is discussed. The recent sons representing a pro-Confederate or ed audience at undergraduate level or debate in South Carolina about flying pro-Union viewpoint to state and local advanced high school level or above. historical societies, state libraries, uni- Although it connects to only a limited num- versity archives and special collection ber of sites, those chosen are quite useful. RICK DYSON is the electronic reference departments, and national park service The American Civil War Home Page http://sunsite.utk.edu/civilwar/warweb.html services librarian at the Mary and John battlefields. Some sites feature primary Gray Library at Lamar University in Beau- The site, maintained by history professor mont, . documents, whereas other sites may George Henry Hoemann at the University of simply list other Civil War sites on the Tennessee at Knoxville, is a good starting

THE SOCIAL STUDIES SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2004 211 point for Civil War researchers using the site contains online versions of James Furman University: 19th Century Documents Web. There are links to primary source Longstreet's From Manassas to Appomattox, http://www.furman.edu/~benson/docs/ materials, a list of links to Civil War-related William Sherman's Memoirs of' General #secession sites, histories, frequently asked questions Sherman, and 's Advance The site features a collection of primary bibliographies, rosters, regimental histories, and Retreat. source materials relating to the Civil War. and Civil War roundtables. Civil War Women: Primary Sources on the Documents included in the collection are Civil War Home Page Internet South Carolina's Declaration of Secession http://www.civil-war.net/ http://scriptorium.lib.duke.edu/women/ and South Carolina's Address to the People An excellent site, the page includes book cwdocs.html of the Slaveholding States. reviews, primary documents, photos, unit his- The site is for anyone researching the role Letters Home from an Iowa Soldier in the tories, and links to other Civil War-related of women in the Civil War. It includes full- American Civil War pages. The site is also a source for primary text primary sources and links to other use- http://www.civilwarletters.com/home.html source materials on the war. ful Web pages. Teachers, students, and The collection features letters from New- Civil War Index Page researchers will find diaries, letters, pho- ton Robert Scott, Private, Company A, of the http://homepages.dsu.edu/jankej/civilwar/ tographs, and prints. 36th Infantry, Iowa Volunteers, to his wife civilwar.htm Civil War Soldiers and Sailors System and family. The letters cover the period from This is one of the oldest and best collec- http://www.itd.nps.gov/cwss/index.html 1862 to 1865, detailing Scott's army life tions of Civil War links on the Web. Jim A National Park Service project, this site from training to battlefield experiences to Janke, the administrator of the site, is a busi- is a collection of basic personal information Lee's surrender. The 36th Iowa served pri- ness professor with a great love of his topic, about the war's participants from the Union marily in Arkansas. and it shows. and the Confederacy. All information is in a Making of America from the University of Civil War Resources on the Internet: searchable database. Michigan Abolitionism to Reconstruction CSS Alabama Digital Collection http://www.umdl.umich.edu/moa/ http://www.libraries.rutgers.edu/rul/rr_ http://www.lib.ua.edu/libraries/hoole/digital/ This site contains images from nineteenth- gateway/research_guides/history/civwar. cssala/main.shtml century books and journals. It includes much shtml The site, dedicated to the confederate more than Civil War materials, making it a The site, located at Rutgers University raider CSS Alabama, is maintained by the valuable resource for other historical topics. Library, contains a wide-ranging list of special collections library at the University Civil War-related materials in the collection sites. Many of those contain primary source of Alabama and contains maps, pho- cover the period from 1850 to 1877. materials. tographs, woodcuts, diaries, and letters relat- Maps of the American Civil War The Civil War Preservation Trust ing to the rmder Alabama and the Alabama's http://www.dean.usma.edu/history/web03/ http://www.civilwar.org/ dispute with Great Britain. atlases/american%20civil%20war/ The trust is an organization concerned Crisis at Fort Sumter american %20civil%20war%20index.htm with saving Civil War battlefields from http://www.tulane.edu/~latner/CrisisMain. Colored maps from the Mil- encroaching commercial development. Their html itary Academy's Department of History on Web site contains lesson plans and sugges- The site is an interactive, multimedia sim- the battles and campaigns of the Civil War tions for how the public can help preserve ulation on the Fort Sumter crisis that led to are available at this site. The collection is a Civil War-related historic sites. the first shots of the Civil War. Users assume valuable teaching tool for teachers of all lev- The United States Civil War Center the role of and make deci- els of history. http://www.cwc.lsu.edu/ sions based on the evidence Lincoln Rutherford B. Hayes Diaries The USCWC site contains the preeminent received at the time. The site is a worthwhile http://www.ohiohistory.org/onlinedoc/hayes/ collection of Civil War related Web sites on tool for teaching students of all grade levels. index.cfm the Internet. The USCWC, maintained at Documenting the American South Main Page Before Rutherford B. Hayes became the Louisiana State University, locates, indexes, http://metalab.unc.edu/docsouth/index.html nineteenth president of the United States, he and makes available all appropriate private The site contains a large collection of pri- was a soldier in the Civil War. He served in and public data regarding the Civil War. mary documents pertaining to Southern his- the from 1860 until the conclu- tory and includes letters, diaries, pamphlets, sion of the war in 1865, rising in rank from Web Sites for Primary Source Materials circulars, and proclamations. Of interest to major to brigadier general. This site features Abraham Lincoln Association students of Civil War history are three collec- the complete text of Hayes's five-volume http://www.hti.umich.edu/1/lincoln/ tions: First-Person Narratives of the Ameri- diary. Volume 2 of the diaries contains the This Web page is devoted to the study of can South, North American Slave Narratives, details of Hayes's Civil War service. Lincoln's life and times. Most important, it and Southern Homefront, 1861-1865. Selected Civil War Photographs from the contains a searchable full text version of the Eyewitness to History: The American Civil Library of Congress Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln. War http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/cwphtml/ American Memory from the Library of Con- http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/cwfrm. cwphome.html gress htm This collection features 1,118 Civil http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/ammemhome. The site contains a sampling of the tran- War-era photographs from the vast store- html scribed letters and diary entries of witnesses house of photographs in the Library of Con- This extremely useful site contains pri- to monumental Civil War events. Included gress's collections. The site is an excellent mary source materials culled from the col- on the site are a diary entry from a fifteen- way for today's students to view the impor- lection of the Library of Congress. Included year-old girl who witnessed the carnage of tant and everyday people who fought and on the site are Civil War photographs, Gettysburg, letters from soldiers who sur- died in the war and scenes from the war. African American pamphlets, songs, maps, vived Antietam, a Lincoln staff member's United States Colored Troops in the Civil War letters, and other printed materials. account of going with the president to http://www.coax.net/people/lwf/data.htm The Civil War Series recently captured Richmond, a witness to A Web site devoted to the role of African http://www.wtj.com/wars/civilwar/ Lee's surrender at Appomattox, and several American troops in the Civil War, this page Maintained by the War Times Journal, the other events. includes military orders, battle reports, regi-

212 SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2004 THE SOCIAL STUDIES mental histories, and other related documents. State of Illinois, 2nd edition. sion Pension Database The Valley of the Shadow: Living the Civil Kansas State Historical Society http://www.tsl.state.tx.us/arc/pensions/index. War in Pennsylvania and Virginia http://www.kshs.org/research/topics/war/civil. html http://valley.vcdh.virginia.edu/ htm This site enables researchers to access An excellent example of use of the World In addition to a short history of Kansas's Confederate pension lists and find aids in the Wide Web for educational purposes, the site contribution to the Civil War, one can view Texas State Archives. explores the Civil War from the perspective selected primary sources from the collection Vermont Historical Society: Civil War Man- of two communities, one southern and one of the society and a short bibliography of sec- uscripts northern. The two communities are Augusta ondary works on Kansas and the Civil War. http://www.state.vt.us/vhs/civilw.htm County, Virginia, and Franklin County, Maine Memory Network Included on this Web page are brief Pennsylvania. The documents include http://www.mainehistory.org/mmn_ descriptions of manuscripts relating to Ver- diaries, letters, official records, newspapers, overview.shtml mont's participation in the Civil War and military records, images, and maps. Based on the Library of Congress' Amer- transcribed texts of selected Vermont sol- War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the ican Memory Project, the database includes diers' letters home to loved ones. Official Records of the Union and Confeder- the images of items held by the Maine His- Vermont in the Civil War ate Armies torical Society about the state's history. The http://www.vermontcivilwar.org/index.shtml http://www.ehistory.com/uscw/library/or/ items are primarily contemporaneous pho- The most exhaustive source of informa- index.cfm tographs and current photographs of artifacts tion about Vermont's participation in the The Official Record is the largest avail- in the collection. One of the highlights is Civil War is available at this site. It includes able source of official correspondence relat- images of the 20th Maine regiment of volun- unit histories, battles in which Vermont ing to the Civil War. The Official Record teers, which served with distinction at Get- troops took part, photos, and muster rolls. contains virtually every piece of correspon- tysburg. Another image features Rebecca One of the highlights features African dence from generals, presidents, and civilian Usher, a volunteer nurse who served most American and other ethnic troops' roles in leaders that was produced during the con- notably at Gettysburg. At this site, one can the war. flict. Users will find orders, after-action create online slide shows of items retrieved West Virginia Archives and History reports, casualty lists, and other correspon- from the collection. http://www.wvculture.org/history/ dence. The site contains the text of the 128- Ohio Historical Society Civil War Documents statehood/ statehood.html volume official record of the war and is a http://www.ohiohistory.org/resource/ http://www.wvculture.org/history/index.html valuable resource for those researching or database/civilwar.html Maintained by the West Virginia Division teaching the Civil War. A site for Ohio-based Civil War of Culture and History, the site contains use- researchers to locate information, the Ohio ful pages such as the online exhibit "A State State and County Historical Societies, Historical Society's collection includes an of (Convenience: Creation of West Virginia," Libraries, and Museums index to Ohio war prisoners held at the information about John Brown, West Vir- Most state and local historical societies, Andersonville, Georgia, and Salisbury, ginia Union units, and a list of the libraries, and museums have little in the way North Carolina, prisons from 1864 to 1865. West Virginia state medal winners. The West of primary source materials available on There are abstracts from the correspondence Virginia Memory Collection is a searchable their respective Web sites. Many, however, between the governor and the adjutant gen- database of state historical photos, letters, include collection inventories or other aids eral from 1863 to 1866 and guides to the and other primary source materials relating for accessing their collections. Civil War Project and the Primary Resource to the Civil War. Alabama Department of Archives and History Collections. Institutes and Universities http://www.archives.state.al.us/referenc/ Russell County, Virginia, Civil War Page military.html#CivilWar/ http://rhobard.com/russell/home.html Augustana College Library's Civil War The site contains a listing of Civil A useful Web page for students and Diaries War-related military records, full text, brief researchers, this site includes letters, pho- http://www.augustana.edu/library/ regimental histories, and teacher resources tographs, rosters of regiments recruited in SpecialCollections/civil 1 .html that are held in the Alabama Department of Russell County, obituaries of Russell Coun- On this site, researchers can find the full Archives and History. ty Confederate veterans, and pension appli- text diaries of enlisted soldiers Basil H. Connecticut Historical Society Civil War cations. Messier and G. D. Molineaux of the 7th Illi- Treasures Rutherford B. Hayes Presidential Library's nois Volunteers. http://www.civilwartreasures.com/ Civil War Manuscript Collection Civil War Manuscripts in the Center for The Civil War Treasures Web page high- http://www.rbhayes.org/archives.htm Archival Collections-Bowling Green State lights the Society's Civil War holdings and Hayes served in the Union Army in many University the state's vast contribution to the Union war roles; consequently, his presidential library http://www.bgsu.edu/colleges/library/cac/ effort. has extensive holdings relating to the Civil civilwar.html Florida State Archives War. This page contains a searchable data- The site contains finding aids for manu- http://dlis.dos.state.fl.us/barm/fsa/civilwar. base of Hayes's letters and diaries and selec- scripts held at Bowling Green State Univer- htm tively describes Civil War-related manu- sity. The collections relate to the 21st Ohio The site contains Civil War-related man- script collections in the Hayes Library. Volunteer Infantry and other Civil uscripts. Confederate pension records, and South Carolina Historical Society War-related topics. Some collections Union government records in the Florida http://www.schistory.org/displays/index.html/ include online transcripts. State Archives. civwar University of Georgia's Rare Map Collec- Illinois State Archives An example of a valuable state historical tion of the American Civil War http://www.cyberdriveillinois.com/ society Web site, the page features several http://www.libs.uga.edu/darchive/hargrett/ departments/archives/datcivil.html Civil War exhibits, a bulletin board for maps/civil.html Included on this site are a searchable research queries, and a searchable catalogue A selection of original Civil War maps, database of Civil War veterans and the of the society's collection. culled from the rare map collection at the Descriptive Inventory of the Archives of the Texas State Library and Archives Commis- University of Georgia, is available online.

THE SOCIAL STUDIES SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2004 213 Virginia Military Institute (VMI) Archives http://www.cr.nps.gov/nr/twhp/wwwlps/ http://www.nps.gov/fopu/local/index.htm Home Page lessons/1 landersonville/1 landersonville.htm Fort Pulaski, Georgia, the Confederate http://www.vmi.edu/archives/cwsource.html The infamous Andersonville prison is a troops witnessed theintroduction of rifled This page highlights the Civil War collec- topic of much study in Civil War history. artillery, which hastened the fall of the fort tions heid by the VMI Archives and presents This site contains a useful set of lesson plans into Union hands. In addition. Fort Pulaski many manuscripts and featured topics in full based on documents from the prison and was the scene of one of the first communities text format. Some material relates to from secondary sources. of freed slaves in the south. The Web page and the Battle of New Antietam National Battlejield Park details the history of the fort and a discussion Market. The site aJso contains photographs http://www.nps.gov/anti/home.htm of the significance of rifled artiJJeiy. It also and the "Complete Guide to VMI Civil War The battle at Antietam was the bloodiest offers several Civil War-^ra photographs. Manuscripts." single day in American military history and Fort Sumter National Monument Home Page Virginia Tech Library's Special Collections: is a highly studied battle by students of the http://www.nps.gov/fosu/l_Home/home.htm A site dedicated to the fort where the first shots of the Civil War were fired, this page contains park information, lesson plan ideas, As part of the American Battlefield Program, the and a brief history of the battle. Fredericksburg and Spotsylvania National National Park Service preserves the nation's bat- Military Park tlefields. Details about the program are on the http://www.nps.gov/frsp/vc.htm The site includes the usual visitor infor- NPS Web site, along with an order form for NPS mation on the park and a virtual visitor cen- ter with information on each battle and links publications about the American Civil War. to Web sites outside of the National Park Service. The park encompasses four battle- fields (Fredericksburg, Spotsylvania, Chan- Homepage of Civil War Collections war. The Web site includes a casualty list, cellorsville, and the Wilderness) of the Civil http://spec.lib.vt.edu/civwar/ organizational information on the Army of War in Virginia. This site features a list of the Civil the Potomac and the Army of Northern Vir- Gettysburg National Military Park War-related manuscripts held at the library, ginia, and an image gallery. http://www.nps.gov/gett/home.htm along with selected full text images and tran- Appomattox Court House, National Park, The first national military park has a use- scriptions of items in the Virginia Tech Civil War, Virginia ful Web site for Civil War students that fea- library's special collections department. http://www.nps.gov/apco/index 1 .htm tures a virtual tour of the park, teachers' Wake Forest University's Confederate This National Park Service site includes resources, virtual exhibits from the park's Broadsides Collection not only visitor information but also historical museum, and a history of the battle. http://www.wfu.edu/Library/rarebook/broads. information and documents relating to Lee's Harper's Ferry NHP Virtual Visitor Center html surrender to Grant at Appomattox, which http://www.nps.gov/hafe/home.htm The Web page contains a full-image col- ended the conflict between North and South. The Harper's Ferry armory played a cru- lection of Confederate poems and broad- Bentonville, North Carolina, Battleground: cial role in events before the war as the scene sides and the memoirs of Union officer Her- Site of the Civil War Battle of Bentonville of abolitionist John Brown's raid, but the bert E. Valentine. http://www.ah.dcr.state.nc.us/sections/hs/ armory also played a prominent role in the Washington & Lee University's Robert E. bentonvi/bentonvi.htm ebb and flow of the numerous campaigns in Lee Papers Bentonville was the Confederacy's last Virginia's Shenandoah Valley. The Web page http://miley.wlu.edu/LeePapers/ major offensive of the Civil War. The site includes a virtual tour of the park, a search- The highlight of this site is a sampling of includes complete orders of battle for all able index of the park museum's photo- forty-six of Lee's personal letters to friends units involved in the battle, maps, pho- graphic collection of historical and modern and companions from 1837 until 1870. tographs, and a history of the battle. photos, virtual exhibit galleries, and visitor Historic Sites Civil War Defenses of Washington, DC information. http://www.nps.gov/cwdw/ Manassas National Battlefield Park (Battles Alton, Illinois, Civil War-Era Confederate The site contains information about the of Bull Run) Prison fortification system that protected Washing- http://www.nps.gov/mana/home.htm http://www.altonweb.com/history/civilwar/ ton, DC, and includes photographs and tex- Manassas, or Bull Run, was the site of confed/ tual information on the forts and their roles two important bloody battles during the war. This site offers a brief history of one of in the defense of the nation's capital. Also The Web page includes histories of the bat- the more notorious Union prison camps and included are a management plan/environ- tles, letters from soldiers who fought at a searchable database of prisoners who died mental assessment for the development and Manassas, modern photos of battlefield while incarcerated there. management of a national park encompass- memorials and buildings, lesson plans, virtu- American Battlefield Protection Program— ing the twenty historical sites. al tours of the park, and maps. The Civil War Fort Donelson National Battlefield and Pea Ridge National Military Park Home Page http://www2.cr.nps.gov/abpp/civil.htm Cemetery Dover, Tennessee http://www.nps.gov/peri/home.htm The National Park Service (NPS) is http://www.nps.gov/fodo/indepth/home.htm This National Park Service Web site charged with preserving the nation's battle- The site contains a description of the bat- includes a brief history of the battle and a list fields. This site details the NPS's preservation tle of Fort Donelson and a virtual tour of the of the participating soldiers. It also contains efforts regarding Civil War battlefields and battlefield, orders of battle for each side, a letters from participants in the battle, which allows users to order or view agency publica- teacher's guide, and information about was called the "Gettysburg of the West." tions in this area. Visitors to the page will find African Americans in the battle and about Petersburg National Battlefield links to all NPS Civil War park Web pages. the . http://www.nps.gov/pete/mahan/PNBhome. Andersonville Prison National Historic Site Fort Pulaski National Monument html

214 SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2004 THE SOCIAL STUDIES The site contains histories of the battle, This lesson plan enables students to war from the perspective of the drummer boys park information, photographs, and examine the role of Native Americans in who were attached to each unit during the war. resources for lesson plans. Oklahoma in the Civil War by using maps, First Battle of Manassas: An End to Inno- Richmond National Battlefield illustrations, and official correspondence. cence http://www.nps.gov/rich/home.htm This site is part of the Teaching with Historic http://www.cr.nps.gov/nr/twhp/wwwlps/ A great-looking site, it features a history Places Web site maintained by the National lessons/12manassas/l 2manassas.htm of the battle that raged around Richmond in Register of Historic Places and features les- The ferocity and bloodshed at First Man- the war's last days. Interspersed throughout son plans developed by National Park Ser- assas shocked both sides. With this lesson, the site are contemporary photographs of vice rangers, historians, and other personnel. teachers can expose their students to that wartime Richmond. The Battle of Mill Springs: The Civil War shock. This is another site from the Teaching Vicksburg National Military Park Comes to Indian Territory with Historic Places Web pages. http://www.nps.gov/vick/home.htm http://www.cr.nps.gov/nr/twhp/wwwtps/ Fort Morgan and the Battle of Mobile Bay This site contains information about this lessons/72mill/72mill.htm http://www.cr.nps.gov/nr/twhp/wwwlps/ pivotal campaign. On the site, one can find The Battle of Mill Springs divided a bor- lessons/73morgan/73morgan.htm parole records, an online tour of the battle- der state. Students using the lesson plan can The naval war campaigns of the Civil War field, lesson plans, a history of the Vicksburg assess the importance of Kentucky to both are often neglected when studying the con- Campaign, photos, teacher resources, and a sides and recognize the internal conflict in flict. The , however, was an list of the units involved in the campaign. Kentucky and in other border states. This essential component of the successful out- site is part of the Teaching with Historic come of the Union war effort. Students can Selected Lesson Plans Places Web site. explore the role of naval warfare and the Andersonville: Prisoner of War Camp The Battle of Prairie Grove: Civilian Recol- effect of technology on the war at this site, http://www.cr.nps.gov/nr/twhp/wwwlps/ lections of the Civil War which is part of the Teaching with Historic lessons/1 landersonville/l landersonville.htm http://www.cr.nps.gov/nr/twhp/wwwlps/ Places Web site. This lesson plan incorporates primary lessons/70prairie/70prairie.htm Fort Pickens and the Outbreak of the Civil documents from the Andersonville national In the Civil War, many battles took place War historic site. The plan not only focuses on on small farms or near small towns; hence, http://www.cr.nps.gov/nr/twhp/wwwlps/ Andersonville but also can be used to civilians often had a ringside seat to the lessons/38pickens/38pickens.htm explore the larger issue of Civil War prisons slaughter of battle. The lesson plan present- Florida was a backwater during the con- and the treatment of prisoners by the Union ed at this site offers a view of a relatively flict. Nonetheless, Fort Pickens was a key and the Confederacy. This site is part of the insignificant battle in rural Arkansas, but it component in the Confederacy's Gulf Coast Teaching with Historic Places Web site that demonstrates the effect of seeing the carnage defense strategy. Following the lesson plan is maintained by the National Register of of war on school-age witnesses. at this site allows students to study coastal Historic Places and features lesson plans The : The Soldier's defenses, the notion of surrender, and the developed by National Park Service rangers Story relation between military installations and and historians. http://www.cr.nps.gov/nr/twhp/wwwlps/ the local populace. The Battle of Bentonville: Caring for the lessons/40stones/40stones.htm History Channel's Classroom Materials Casualties of the Civil War The lesson plan presented at this site http://www.historychannel.com/classroom/ http://www.cr.nps.gov/nr/twhp/wwwlps/ allows students to view warfare from the guides lessons/69bentonville/69bentonville.htm perspective of a frontline soldier at the The History Channel has produced many With this lesson plan, students can exam- bloody battle at Stones River, The site is part programs about the Civil War. Its collection ine the evolution of Union medical care from of the Teaching with Historic Places Web of lesson plans and teachers' manuals may the beginning of the conflict at First Manas- site maintained by the National Register of be used in conjunction with History Channel sas to its conclusion at Bentonville, the last Historic Places. It features lesson plans programs or as stand-alone products. major battle of the war. The site is part of the developed by National Park Service rangers. Ladies, Contraband, and Spies: Women in Teaching with Historic Places Web site that Chatham Plantation: Witness to the War the Civil War is maintained by the National Register of http://www.cr.nps.gov/nr/twhp/wwwlps/ http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/ndlpedu/ Historic Places and features lesson plans lessons/45chatham/45chatham.htm lessons/01 /spies/index.html developed by National Park Service rangers With this lesson, students can examine By reading letters, diaries, and pho- and historians. the effect of warfare and its aftermath on a tographs, students learn to discover the role The Battle of : A Shattered large plantation and its occupants. The site is and experiences of women on both sides of Dream part of the Teaching with Historic Places the conflict. Documents at this site were http://www.cr.nps.gov/nr/twhp/wwwlps/ Web site. culled from the Library of Congress's Amer- lessons/91 glorieta/91 glorieta.htm Choices and Commitments: The Soldiers of ican Memory online Civil War collections. Glorieta Pass in represents Gettysburg Lesson Planet: Civil War Lesson Plans the turning point of the war in the extreme http://www.cr.nps.gov/nr/twhp/wwwlps/ http://www.lessonplanet.com/search/Social_ theater. Although often an over- lessons/44gettys/44gettys.htm Studies/U.S._History/CiviLWar looked theater of operations, it was an Another part of the Teaching with His- This site features an extensive collection important cog in the Union victory; this les- toric Places Web site, this site contains infor- of links to online lesson plans about the son plan allows students and educators to mation about the horrors of fighting at Get- Civil War for use with students at all levels. examine this neglected aspect of the war. tysburg, developed from the perspective of Lesson Plans for Civil War History The site is part of the Teaching with Historic the rank and file soldier. http://www.civilwar.org/historyclassroom/ Places Web site maintained by the National The Civil War through a Child's Eye hc_lesplanact.htm Register of Historic Places. http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/ndlpedu/ The Civil War Preservation Trust offers The Battle of Honey Springs: The Civil War lessons/99/civilwar/index.html lesson plans for students and teachers so that Comes to Indian Territory By studying photographs and primary doc- they can explore the election of 1864, the http://www.cr.nps.gov/nr/twhp/wwwlps/ uments from the Library of Congress's Amer- role of U.S. colored troops, and Uncle Tom's lessons/68honey/68honey.htm ican Memory collection, students view the Cabin. They participate in the following

THE SOCIAL STUDIES SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2004 215 exercises: creating a historic site, mapping http://www.proteacher.com/090053.shtml Teaching History with Historic Places the Civil War, and genealogical research. This collection of Web-based lesson plans http://www.cr.nps.gov/nr/twhp/descrip.htm Mathew Brady Bunch: Civil War Newspapers is ideal for elementary school educators and This site features lesson plans about http://memory.loc.gov/atnmem/ndlpedu/ their students. American history, featuring historic sites lessons/98/brady/home.html The Siege of Port Hudson: "Forty Days and from the National Registry. Guidelines for Brady and his cadre of photographers Forty Nights in the Wilderness of Death" making and submitting lesson plans to the enabled noncombatants to witness the hor- http://www.cr.nps.gov/nr/twhp/wwwlps/ site are included. rors and poignancy of warfare for the first lessons/7 lhudson/7 lhudson.htm Those Honored Dead: The Battles of Rivers time. The site's lesson plan uses Brady pho- Although the siege at Vicksburg is better Bridge and Civil War Causalities tographs that are housed in the American known. Port Hudson, Louisiana, withstood http://www.cr.nps.gov/nr/twhp/wwwlps/ Memory collection. several attempts at capture for longer peri- lessons/94rivers/94rivers.htm NARA Digital Classroom: Teaching with ods than the Vicksburg siege. This site, The site contains a lesson plan to promote Documents developed by National Park Service rangers, students' exploration of the issues of battle http://www.archives.gov/digital_classroom/ historians, and other personnel, uses read- causalities and way to honor Civil War dead. teaching_with_documents.litml/civil_war ings, maps, and photographs to explore siege It is part of the Teaching with Historic Places The National Archives holds the official warfare on the Mississippi. Web site maintained by the National Regis- records of all U.S. government departments Teacher Source Social Studies from PBS ter of Historic Places. and agencies and items such as the Declara- http://www.pbs.org/teachersource/soc_stud.htm Wisconsin in the Civil War tion of Independence and other important PBS maintains a database of lesson plans http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/teachers/ documents. The four lesson plans use digi- based on its programs and offers teachers an lessons/civilwar/ tized Civil War documents from the National opportunity to explore the Civil War from all The Wisconsin Historical Society devel- Archives to educate students about the war. aspects. The database includes plans devel- oped a series of lesson plans on Wisconsin in ProTeacher's Civil War Lesson Plans for Ele- oped to incorporate Ken Burns's monumen- the Civil War. The plan uses documents mentary School Teachers in Grades K-6 tal Civil War series. mounted online from the society's holdings.

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216 SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2004 THE SOCIAL STUDIES