Liberal Studies AT GEORGETOWN

In this issue —

DLS Welcomes 14 New Candidates

Commencement 2007

Handicapping the Presidential Race

Robert Manuel: Serving a Higher Purpose

Volume 5 Number 2 Director’s Notes

Welcome to the Liberal Studies Program and our new quarters. First the School of Continuing Studies moved to 3307 “M” St. back in the winter. A new Assistant Dean for the Bachelor’s program has his office there as well. His appointment was due to the fact that an extensive review of the B.A.L.S. program last year spear-headed by Dean Robert Manuel led to a number of significant revisions in that program. The Assistant Dean, Vincent Kiernan, is now responsible for managing the students in the B.A.L.S. as well as the program changes.

Until early June the Graduate Liberal Studies program, the Master’s of Liberal Studies (M.A.L.S.) and the Doctorate of Liberal Studies (D.L.S.), remained in Poulton Hall. Both degree programs are now established in the Intercultural Center in Suite 225, on the second floor. We hope you will come visit. The four members of the staff will be happy to welcome you. This is a much more central location: easier for students coming and going to class, the Registrar’s office, the Library, etc. We are glad to be here.

As we begin the fall semester, there are 406 candidates for the Master’s degree and 36 for the Doctorate. Dr. Chester Gillis is the Director of Doctoral Studies and their major advisor. In late June, the D.L.S. candidates organized a meeting with a speaker (one of their own) and a reception so they could get to know one another. (You will see pictures in this magazine.) The Liberal Studies Program is planning an evening session for current M.A.L.S. students and alums as well as the students in the D.L.S. for Sept. 18, 2007. On that occasion, Dr. Ronald Johnson and Dr. Abby Johnson will describe and discuss their new book on the Congressional Cemetery called “The Genesis of A Book: From Idea to Production” and a reception will follow. I hope to see you all there.

And, another special event coming this fall, at the suggestion of M.A.L.S. alums and faculty Sara Frueh and Mike Duggan, is the launch of a Philosophy Roundtable, a series of evening dinner discussions bringing together a small group (about 10 people) of graduate students and alumni and faculty. These conversations about philosophical questions that affect everyone’s lives will be held on campus, sponsored by the Graduate Liberal Studies Program, dinner with a nominal fee of $10 per person. The first Roundtable, led by Dr. Frank Ambrosio, Associate Professor of Philosophy at Georgetown and Liberal Studies faculty member, is scheduled for Wednesday, Sept. 26. Participants will explore “The Good Life.” If you ‘d like to receive more information about the Roundtables, please send an email to [email protected].

Enjoy your summer!

Sincerely,

Phyllis O’Callaghan, Ph.D. Director, Liberal Studies Degree Program

2 Liberal Studies AT GEORGETOWN

DLS Welcomes 14 New Candidates Upon their acceptance in the spring of 2007, 14 new students entered the Doctoral of Liberal Studies (D.L.S.) degree program. These scholars join the program’s 22 current students in pursuing the first Doctorate of Liberal Studies degree in the United States and Canada. Their personal backgrounds and proposed research demonstrate the broad appeal of the Liberal Studies program, the diversity of its student body and the current-day relevance of a values-based education. Biographical sketches of the new candidates, arranged alphabetically, follow.

Massimo Ambrosetti new international global role of Howard D. (Dave) was born in Padova, Italy. He the Asian rising power. BeloteBelote, a colonel on active duty graduated cum laude with degrees in the U.S. Air Force, currently in Law and Political Science from Nina Assefi resides in serves as the Chief, Combating the university in his hometown. McLean, Va. A U.S. citizen of Weapons of Mass Destruction He also attended courses at the Iranian descent, she has spent (CWMD) Division, Strategic Plans University of Bologna, Karl- much of her adult life in London and Policy Directorate, Joint Staff, Albrecht Universitaet in Kiel, Ecole and Washington, D.C. She takes Pentagon. He provides oversight Nationale d’Administration in Paris pride in being a life long advocate of strategic guidance, plans, and at the British Civil Service for the rights and well-being of the policies, and doctrine relating to College (Oxford). In 1991, he mentally challenged. Nina holds a Department of Defense CWMD joined the Italian Foreign Service. B.A. in business administration and activities and represents the Joint As a career diplomat, after three economics from Richmond College Staff in CWMD-related interagency years at the Ministry of Foreign in London and earned a M.A.L.S. and international venues. A native Affairs (Asia-Pacific desk, EU- degree from Georgetown Univer- of Virginia Beach, Va., Dave has external relations desk), he was sity. Her research focused primarily commanded at squadron and posted to Beijing (1994-1999), on the role of religion in public group level. He holds a B.A. from NATO-Brussels (1999-2002). In the affairs which led her to concen- the University of Virginia and 2002-2006 period, he worked as trate on the capability of religion master’s degrees from Embry- Counselor in charge of the parlia- as a factor in conflict and conflict Riddle Aeronautical University, Air mentary relations in the Cabinet of resolution. Her D.L.S. research University, and National Defense the Italian Minister of Foreign interests lie in examining the University. He has published Affairs. In 2005, the Alma Graduate interaction of diplomacy and articles on military strategy, School of the University of Bolo- theology in the contemporary era. airpower theory, space policy, and gna offered him the position of She is particularly interested in civil-military relations in a number Professor of European History. He exploring the contemporary role of of professional journals, and will is now First Counselor (political religion in international law, in the focus his D.L.S. research on affairs) in the Italian Embassy in defense of human rights, its governmental organization and Washington. His D.L.S. research dedication to the pursuit of social cross-cultural communication in will focus on the shaping of justice, and its influence in non- the current geopolitical environ- contemporary China’s national violent movements across the ment. identity in the perspective of the globe.

3 Members of the D.L.S. classes of 2005 and 2006 welcomed the class of 2007 at an introductory session and reception on June 22 at the Alumni House.

William (Bill) Costanza Angeles and Texas. His D.L.S. of returning to academia and is a Chicago native who received research plans to focus on a cross- immersing himself in the literature his B.S. degree in psychology from cultural examination of the and art of the ancient Greeks and the University of Illinois psychological and sociological Romans. His doctoral thesis is at Champaign-Urbana. He received factors that influence an expected to examine the reception his M.A. in international individual’s susceptibility to recruit- of the Roman poet Ovid as a relations from American University ment by terrorist organizations. portal into Medieval and Renais- in Washington, D.C. He formerly sance worldviews. served as an operations officer in Bob Dodds is a native the Directorate of Operations of New Yorker who now lives in Ben GustafsonGustafson, a native the Central Intelligence Agency for Washington, D.C. He is a graduate of Buffalo, N.Y., currently resides in over 24 years before retiring in of Yale College and Yale Law Arlington, Va. He holds a B.A. in 2004. As an operations officer, he School. He also holds a master’s history from Georgetown, and designed intelligence collection degree in taxation from NYU Law master’s degrees in education strategies in the areas of counter- School. After a brief stint on Wall (University of Rochester), public terrorism, counter-narcotics, Street, he spent his entire profes- administration (Syracuse Univer- weapons of mass destruction, sional career as an international sity), and international relations telecommunications and strategic tax lawyer with Mobil Corporation. (Syracuse University). Mr. technologies. From 1996 to 2004, He has traveled extensively abroad Gustafson is currently the Senior he served as a counter-terrorism engaging in commercial negotia- Health Development Officer in the officer, which included assisting tions and dispute resolution with Office of HIV/AIDS at the U.S. foreign governments in enhancing various government entities, Agency for International Develop- their indigenous counter-terrorism particularly in Asia, Africa and the ment, and has spent the past six capabilities. He has lived in Central Middle East. In the process, he has years as a senior policy analyst in a America, Latin America and Central gained considerable insight into number of federal agencies, includ- Asia. He currently works as a the cultures of various developed ing the Department of Health and national security consultant with and developing nations, as well as Human Services, the Department the Abraxas Corporation. He is the roles of large multi-national of Education, and the White also an award-winning playwright corporations. Since retirement, he House Budget Office. Prior to his whose plays have appeared has been enrolled in the M.A.L.S. federal career, he worked as a in Washington, D.C., Chicago, Los program, fulfilling a life-long dream social studies teacher in Rochester,

4 Liberal Studies AT GEORGETOWN

N.Y., an English as a Second Lan- working secure funding in support Republics and Africa that were guage teacher in Seoul, South of the College’s $80 million capital developing their economics and Korea, and a Director of Education campaign. As part of his D.L.S. business programs, and has in Raleigh, N.C. His research study, Mr. Harding hopes to traveled extensively throughout interest lies in exploring the emer- broaden the definition of modern Albania, Czech Republic, Slovakia, gence of evangelical Protestantism rhetoric to include the language of Slovenia, Lithuania, Estonia and as a major American political force in the arts by investigating the Latvia. She served tours of duty the 1970s and assessing the rela- relationship between message and with the State Department’s tionship between strong religious media and examining the rhetorical Bureau of International Narcotics conviction and the tenets of demo- effects of story from a linguistic and Law Enforcement as a policy cratic government. perspective. More practically, he coordination officer, and with the hopes to articulate how artists Carnegie Commission for Prevent- Jonathan R. Harding can use the rhetoric of pain as ing Deadly Conflict, where she received a B.S. in business adminis- agents for social justice, as tools to developed an international dis- tration in accounting from Loyola counterbalance the rhetoric of the semination strategy for the College in Maryland, an M.S. in power class. Commission’s final report. Ms. professional writing from Towson Kline earned a M.A.L.S. from University, and an M.F.A. in creative Robin Kline has more Georgetown in 1998. Her D.L.S. writing from Goddard College in than 25 years’ experience with dissertation will focus on how Vermont. In addition to teaching coalition-building activities, includ- national environmental policy is business writing, composition, and ing academic and international being affected by the collaborative literature at Penn State University program management and public partnership forming between the and York College of Pennsylvania, affairs. Currently a senior program science and evangelical communi- Mr. Harding has served as the specialist with the U.S. Depart- ties. President of Progressive Develop- ment of Transportation, she ment Consulting, which raised administers a multi-million dollar Brian Murphy is originally millions of dollars for important R&D grant program to 60 institu- from Alexandria, Va. He graduated artistic and social enterprises. Today, tions. Ms. Kline spent ten years from the College of William and he is the Assistant Director of with USIA/State Department Mary with a B.A. in government Corporate & Foundation Relations working with institutions in and holds a master’s degree in at Loyola College in Maryland, Eastern Europe, the former Soviet Islamic studies from Columbia

5 University. He was commissioned the Farm Credit System Insurance Elizabeth W. Shelton as an officer in the United States Corporation (FCSIC), a govern- recently finished a 27-year career Marine Corps. He left the Marines ment-controlled independent as a Foreign Service Officer at the in 1998 to become a special agent entity that manages a $2.3 billion Department of State, with over- with the FBI and was assigned to insurance fund that insures the seas assignments in Thailand, the FBI’s New York Field $134 billion of debt securities Malaysia, Nigeria, Turkey (twice), Division. After initially working on issued by the Farm Credit System the U.N., Azerbaijan, and Albania. more traditional criminal matters, Banks. As a member of the FCSIC As an economics officer interested he switched his focus to counter- management team, he ensures the in economic development, Eliza- terrorism in September of financial integrity of the insurance beth followed the commodity 2001. His master’s thesis focused fund and brings more than 24 markets in Southeast Asia, oil, debt on how and why groups like Al- years of experience in government, and development issues in Nigeria, Qaeda are able to make in-roads banking, finance, and insurance to financial markets globally, market into Muslim communities. Among this position. This includes over- liberalization in Turkey, oil and the reasons he addressed was the sight of FCSIC’s investment port- development issues in post-Soviet economic disparity that has per- folio and administration of other Azerbaijan, and a reawakening to sisted in many Muslim financial activities. Mr. Pfitzinger the world from a three-generation countries. He focused on the holds a B.S. in finance from isolation in Albania. At the U.N., as historical ties between Al-Qaeda’s Marquette University and an M.S. in all assignments, Elizabeth was leaders and ideologues and histori- in management (summa cum active in trade and commercial cal Muslim activists that championed laude) from National Louis Univer- issues, particularly business devel- economic concerns. He is currently sity. He has also completed the opment. She was the recipient of assigned to FBI headquarters in Program for Senior Managers in the Department of State’s presti- Washington, D.C., where he con- Government at Harvard’s John F. gious Cobb Award for Initiative tinues to work on terrorism Kennedy School of Government. and Success in Trade Development. matters. He has had the oppor- Originally from Wauwatosa, Wis., Elizabeth earned a B.A. in history tunity through work and vacation Rick currently resides in McLean, from the University of Michigan, to travel to a number of countries Va. He intends to continue an M.A. in international develop- in the Middle East. studying rural policy in the D.L.S. ment from American University, program with a special emphasis and an M.S. in National Security C. Richard Pfitzinger is on immigration issues. Strategy from the National War the Chief Financial Officer (CFO) of College, National Defense Univer-

6 Liberal Studies AT GEORGETOWN

sity. An historian at heart, Eliza- thesis will focus on the historical Bridgette Weitzel is the beth has a keen interest in 19th underpinnings of blogging. Vice President of Organization and century American Protestant Talent Development for Fannie missionaries in Anatolia and their Karen WilhelmWilhelm, originally Mae in Washington, D.C. In this influence on U.S. foreign policy. from Ohio, currently resides in role, she is responsible for working Alexandria, Va. She is pursuing the with the company’s senior man- David Vainaaina, a native doctorate in liberal studies follow- agement to design and implement Floridian, is a research associate at ing a career of almost 33 years in approaches to enhance the people the Pew Research Center. He the U.S. Air Force. She holds a B.S. and organization capability for this earned his B.A. degrees in English in military history from the Air Fortune 20 company. She has literature and classics from Miami Force Academy and her advanced over 20 years experience in leading University. He then graduated with degrees include an M.S. in logistics the organization and executive an M.A. in English literature from management from the Air Force development efforts for a variety of University College London. While Institute of Technology and an high tech, biotech, and telecom- working as a survey research M.A. in history from Louisiana munications companies, including analyst for a Democratic polling Tech University. As an Air Force Dell, Genentech, Celera Genomics, firm, he earned an M.A. in govern- officer, she held a wide variety of the MITRE Corporation, and ment from Johns Hopkins Univer- flight line, command, and staff MCI. Focus areas include leader- sity. His thesis examined media positions as an aircraft mainte- ship assessment and development, coverage during the Senate confir- nance officer. She has also served succession, retention, team mation hearings of Judge John on the Joint Staff as a strategist development, and all aspects of Roberts and was awarded honors and speechwriter for the Chair- organization development. She for his work. At Pew, he studies man, Joint Chiefs of Staff and on earned her B.A. in business from and writes on network television the faculties of the USAF Academy University of Phoenix, a M.S. in and online media. His writings and the National War College. Her organizational studies from the have appeared in a number of doctoral research will examine the University of Pennsylvania, and an online and print publications, concept of mobilizing for war in Ed.S. in human resources develop- including CBSNews.com, the the 21st century, given that the ment from George Washington Huffington Post, the St Louis language of mobilization is an University. Her research for the Journalism Review, and the Online artifact of 20th century industrial D.L.S. will focus on approaches to Journalism Review. His doctoral warfare. strengthening critical thinking in L corporate leaders. S

7 Commencement

he Georgetown University School of Continuing Studies conferred 73 degrees upon the undergraduate and graduate students of the Liberal Studies program at its 32nd commencement ceremony on Saturday, May 19. Fifty-nine students received their Master of Arts in Liberal Studies degrees and 14 received their Bachelor of Arts in Liberal Studies degrees. One student, Michael Lowe, received the M.A.L.S. portion of the joint M.A.L.S./M.D.

8 Liberal Studies AT GEORGETOWN

2007

degree with a concentration in financing as an alternative to gov- Ethics and the Professions. ernment student loan programs. Philanthropist Catherine B. Dr. Anthony J. Reynolds received an honorary Tambasco, Professor of doctorate degree at the ceremony, Theology and former conferred upon her by Chair of the Theology Georgetown University President Department and John J. DeGioia. Mrs. Reynolds is Liberal Studies Core the founder and chairman of Loan Faculty member, to Learn, an EduCap Education received The Excellence Loan program which provides in Teaching Faculty L privately funded educational Award. S

9 Serving A Larger Purpose by Robert L. Manuel

Robert L. Manuel, Dean of the School of Continuing Studies, spoke at the induction ceremony for Alpha Sigma Lambda, the undergraduate honorary society for continuing education, on March 20, 2007. He was the 2007 ASL Honorary Member inductee and serves as the National Councilor for Georgetown’s Gamma Tau Chapter of ASL. Excerpts of Dean Manuel’s remarks to the inductees follow.

The School of Continuing Stud- to add a little humor where I can, ies has taken great strides in my and to sit down within the next first year, and this was only 10 minutes. First and foremost, accomplished by standing on you all have achieved a great Michael’s shoulders and continu- accomplishment and with those ing the outstanding work he did. accomplishments come great I want to publicly thank and responsibilities. Responsibilities acknowledge Michael for that you should feel honored to have work. because of the amount of oppor- For advice about what to tunities that will now be available say tonight, I began with my to you. colleagues. I received responses These responsibilities, rooted would like to begin such as, “don’t use quotes to get in our Jesuit tradition, are given by acknowledging your point across – talk more to each student at Georgetown, Michael Collins. I from your own experiences.” in all programs. They begin with came to SCS only a They believed it would be more finding ways to continually value year ago, and found personal. Then, I went to some the role that education and quickly that Michael of my friends and asked them learning have in your life. They had built an amazing set of what I should do. They told me include discovering methods to academic programs in the to be funny – easier said than most effectively utilize the chal- School. I realized that a large part done. Finally, I went to my wife. lenges that come with engaging of my reasoning for taking this Her response: do 10 minutes and diversity, both personally and position was due to the pro- sit down. professionally. And lastly, they grams he had worked to develop So I promise you my best consist of understanding that and the type of education he today, to speak from experience, your education requires you to was creating here as the Dean....

10 Liberal Studies AT GEORGETOWN

act within the larger society, to results of this kind of hatred in use it and its benefits for more my lifetime. than mere self-focus and promo- Education is one of the very My hope is that you tion. few societal institutions we have To understand the impor- left that has the power and reach tance of education in general - to combat the cruel, hurtful will all see the larger the first of these responsibilities - forms of ignorance. My hope is let me tell you a short story. that you will all see the larger purpose of your Recently, I was in Italy on vaca- purpose of your education – the tion with my family. We were in connection that it holds to education – the Tuscany, enjoying the sites and impacting policies, norms and soaking in the culture. We had even values in the larger society the opportunity to drive south in which we all live. And, I hope connection that it of Florence, and on the way to you will have the confidence to our destination we passed a act – to be a part of the conver- holds to impacting cemetery from the Second World sation rather than simply an War. The cemetery looked like an audience to it. endless series of white crosses on You will be privy to conver- policies, norms and the hillside, perfectly ordered, sations that form important immaculately spaced. It was both characteristics in the framework even values in the beautiful and frightening at the of our society – connections to same time. I, as you are probably people who make decisions larger society in doing now, associated the impacting large portions of the cemetery with death – death that population, to people with was caused by one of the wealth, and to individuals who which we all live. world’s most outward displays of strive to create and innovate. To hatred, bigotry, and intolerance. be welcomed into these conver- I immediately was saddened sations is one advantage that and thought of the current some simply won’t ever have.... issues we’re facing in a global Taking advantage of that access context. I began to think that the in a way that benefits more than possibility was there to see the just you is the core responsibility

11 that I referred to earlier, and the I don’t know how many of lacked any cultural capital in strongest part of my message you have had the experience of that instance. That experience as tonight. being the “other” in your life. “the other” has had profound Utilizing your new access to Traveling alone in a foreign effects on my life. power is the first responsibility — country, or even moving to a Despite all of the differ- the second is finding ways to new location can give you that ences between my wife and me, value others – other cultures, feeling. we had core commonalities. other ideas, and other view- For me, it happened when I Initially, that commonality was points. first met my wife. I’m married to simply an interest in the value of a Haitian woman who spent the the individual. After some time first nine years of her life living together we found that there in Haiti, and still has many ties were a tremendous number of to the community there. When things we had in common – the (Y)ou need to have we first met, she invited me to a value of education, the role of christening for one of her marriage and religion, to name a confidence that you cousins. It was supposed to be few. While it was uncomfortable a simple date, and I felt comfort- at first, we were able to find belong at the table, able accepting despite the fact I ways to communicate. I am didn’t have any exposure to richer for that experience. that you have a right Haitian culture. However, I The final responsibility deals thought I would fill that void with how you focus yourself to be involved in the with my knowledge gained from and your professional work. You attending many other christen- can choose to let your advan- conversation about ings. tage of educational accomplish- But I can’t tell you how ments simply accrue for yourself our collective limiting it was to show up to – a better job, higher hourly the christening and not know billable rates, newer car, nicer progress and well- the language, the culture, or home. Or, you can use your the traditions. I had no way to newly acquired access to power being. show my value to the group, no to help others realize an entry way to communicate anything point into the educational about myself to the family. I pipeline, to make necessary

12 Liberal Studies AT GEORGETOWN

changes to arbitrary obstacles, personal rewards. You know the created through environments and to prevent new cemeteries saying, “you reap what you that were based on challenges. of white crosses. sow,” but that is not the kind of So that brings me back to To do this requires a personal return I am talking my introduction – how do I unique form of leadership. The about. Here, I am referring to make this speech memorable – type of leadership I am talking the benefit of expanding your how do I communicate a need about doesn’t come easy. I own worldview. Here, the for your consistent action? think leadership is easy when personal reward is making you First, take a read through a the cultures and values of the more comfortable as a global book called Heroic Leadership by people you are working with citizen. Chris Lowney. Chris is an ex- are the same as yours. It’s not The second reason is that Jesuit priest who went to work so easy when they are differ- truly creative solutions to issues for JP Morgan. His book ties the ent.... I think this specific type will emerge when the worth of elements of the Jesuit tradition of leadership requires at least diversity is highly valued and into business and responsible two things: NOT marginalized. I recently had leadership. He journals a life filled One, it requires that you the opportunity to speak with with examples of the leadership I have a deep understanding of Norman Augustine, the head of refer to here. yourself and your own value Lockheed Martin. He said that Second, try to be cognizant structure. You need to be able while our work force is being of the points in your life when to debate, inform and act outsourced to other countries you gain new access to power– according to your own com- at increasing rates, and global- and realize that you have a pass. Two, you need to have ization will surely move some of moment of influence – a moment confidence that you belong at our existing industry base to truly lead. the table, that you have a right outside of America’s borders, the If you do these two things, I to be involved in the conversa- American economy will survive. will have succeeded where at tion about our collective He said it will survive because it least 50 others have failed. progress and well-being. is based on innovation. Some of Thank you for the opportu- Lastly, I think it is valuable the most creative solutions and nity to talk with you tonight. to quickly talk about why it is some of the most innovative Again, I offer you my warmest important to think of these products of our time were congratulations and best wishes L things in your life. created in collaboration between for success in the future. S First, I think there are different people; they were

13 The Early Bird Gets the White House? by Laura Trivers

Liberal Studies Professor James Lengle handicaps the already crowded field for the 2008 presidential race.

ell more than a year men and women striving for our Saxon, Protestant males.” before the American country’s highest office. American Many well-known and well- public steps into government professor and presi- respected candidates are sitting on voting booths to dential elections watcher James the sidelines. In political speak, they choose the next Lengle describes the large number are waiting to test the waters or to president of the United States, and of 2008 presidential candidates as see if the fire burns hot enough in many months before the major the most diverse group in American their bellies. But these potential parties choose their respective history. candidates, including former Vice candidates, the 2008 presidential Today, there are eight Demo- President Al Gore, leader of the field (as of March) numbered 18 crats and 10 Republicans in the 1994 Republican Revolution Newt race. Some are household names. Gingrich, former New York Gov. Others are known in political George Pataki, Nebraska Sen. “There are limited circles. And a few leave even the Chuck Hagel and actor and former most insider analysts scratching Tennessee Sen. Fred Thompson, Constitutional rules on their collective heads. There are would need to decide by summer in current and former senators, order to raise the money and who can be president.... governors and members of the recruit the staff necessary for a (A)ny American child House of Representatives, and one successful run. former mayor. Lengle noted that this is the can grow up to be the They are a woman, many men, first time since 1928 when neither an African American, a Hispanic, a an incumbent president nor vice President of the United Mormon, an Italian American and a president is running, leaving this a senior citizen. Sen. John McCain (R- “wide open playing field with no States.” Yet, in Ariz.) would be over 70 if he is clear favorite.” sworn in as the next president. Each of the individuals run- American political “There are limited Constitutional ning considers him or herself to be culture, “there is a bias rules on who can be president,” “presidential timber.” And, given the Lengle said. Truly, “any American changes in the electoral process toward rich, white, child can grow up to be the Presi- since 1972, each has the chance, dent of the United States.” Yet, in the opportunity, to sell themselves Anglo Saxon, American political culture, “there is and their ideas to the American a bias toward rich, white, Anglo people. Protestant males.”

14 In 2008,Liberal the Studies current AT GEORGETOWN and former senators who are running… are better known to the American public. “Maybe 2008 will begin to restore the

From 1900 to 1968, a presi- to defy history” in their quest for Senate as the incubator dential candidate needed to be a the presidency, Lengle said. “As one nationally prominent politician of 435 members, there is less of future presidents.” with strong party ties who could visibility for representatives, making win endorsements from state party it harder to put together an organi- leaders. But according to Lengle, zation and raise money.” In addi- the process was “transformed” in tion, since members of Congress sit 1972 when the era “of smoke filled on fewer committees and subcom- Romney are household names.” rooms” came to an end. The mittees than their Senate counter- In the early 20th century, the introduction of presidential prima- parts, they face fewer national Senate was a better steppingstone ries “opened the door to more and issues day-to-day. to the presidency. Yet, Americans more diverse candidates,” Lengle In recent history, the elections elected the last senator of the said. “And today, self-recruitment of Jimmy Carter, Ronald Reagan, Bill century to the presidency in 1960, has replaced party recruitment” in Clinton and George W. Bush give with John F. Kennedy. Today, the race for the American presi- the advantage to governors, senators have their own hurdles dency. especially those from states with to overcome, Lengle said. With 99 According to Lengle, the many electoral votes. “Governors,” other senators craving the spot- public sees certain elected offices as according to Lengle, “have records light, “it is hard to take credit” for “stepping stones to the presi- of accomplishment and executive any initiative. And, with so many dency.” Unfortunately for current experience to point to. They are votes and speeches on the record, hopefuls Dennis Kucinich (D- one of 50, making them more “senators are easy to criticize and Ohio), Duncan Hunter (R-Calif.), visible.” Not having a voting record can easily be labeled as part of the Tom Tancredo (R-Colo.), and Ron to pick apart is another benefit. problem that governors want to Paul (R-Texas), “the House of Plus, Lengle said, “Governors are clean up.” In 2008, the current Representatives has never been seen as outside the beltway and and former senators who are seen as such as stepping stone.” not part of the problem. They, running – such as Hillary Clinton, The last time a member of the more than members of the House John Edwards, and John McCain House ascended to the presidency or Senate, can clean house.” — are better known to the Ameri- was in 1880, when Rep. James But, according to Lengle, “in can public. “Maybe 2008 will begin Garfield of Ohio was elected the 2008, neither New Mexico Gover- to restore the Senate as the 20th president of the United States. nor Bill Richardson nor (former) incubator of future presidents,” “Members of Congress have Massachusetts Governor Mitt Lengle conjectured.

15 “Governors are seen as outside the beltway and not part of the problem. They, more than members of the House or Senate, can clean house.”

The key question for the 2008 true believers come to those early a rate of 1.6% or less in the second presidential race may well be, “Are polls – the more liberal on the quarter, the president or the we ready?” Democratic side and the more president’s party lost five of five Are we ready for a woman conservative on the Republican presidential elections. president? For an African Ameri- side. This creates an ideological bias. Second, Lengle offered, check can? Will gender matter? Will race Lengle speculated that Sen. President Bush’s approval ratings in or ethnicity? Clinton looks like she could easily June 2008. Over the last 14 presi- Lengle cited a recent Gallup win the Democratic primaries, but dential elections, when the poll that found that 95% of Amer- would have problems in the general president’s approval rating was over icans say they would vote for a election. Likewise, the pro-choice, 48%, the president or the woman or an African American for pro-gun control Giuliani polls well president’s party won seven of nine president. But, will they really? We in a general election scenario, but elections. The two exceptions were will know for sure on Nov. 4, 2008. would have difficulty winning the 1960 and 2000. When the presi- But, before the two parties’ Republican primaries where “social dent’s approval rating was 45% or candidates square off in the general conservatives are very important.” lower, the president or president’s election, they must first face other Lengle suggested two key party lost five of five elections. If members of their own party in indicators for success in the presi- President Bush’s approval rating is primaries and caucuses. Three dential race. First of all, “people less than 45%, that’s a sign the weeks after the Iowa caucus and vote their pocketbooks.” As an Republicans could well be handing the New Hampshire primary, 22 adviser to then-candidate Bill over the keys to the White House states will hold primaries on the Clinton, James Carville famously to the Democrats in January 2009. same day, February 5, 2008, which said in 1992, “It’s the economy, With the 2000 election in our Lengle called “almost a national stupid.” In fact, the state of the memories, Lengle cautioned to primary.” economy alone explains 12 out of “beware the popular vote… four Turnouts for primaries and the last 14 presidential elections. candidates have won the popular caucuses are historically low, When GDP grew at a rate of 2.6% vote but lost the presidency.” Lengle said. For example, the typical or higher in the second quarter of But, “the elephant in the primary has a turnout of 20%, the presidential election year, the room…is Iraq. That will be the most while the typical caucus has a president or the president’s party important issue in this election,” turnout of 1-3%. Who are the won seven of nine presidential Lengle predicted. Beware, too, of people who participate at this level elections. The two exceptions were public opinion. “Public opinion L of the presidential election? The 1968 and 2000. When GDP grew at changes quickly.” S

16 Liberal Studies AT GEORGETOWN Liberal Studies Alumni, Student, and Faculty Notes

NEWS OF ALUMNI: Department, Center for Inte-grated Manager for Counter-Trafficking and Rolf BarberBarber, M.A.L.S. ’96, is the Systems, The MITRE Corporation. Irregular Migration. Interim Director for the CO-OP Damien ClarkClark, M.A.L.S. ’03, will Sharon Kugler, M.A.L.S. ’98, has Program at Montgomery College’s begin the Ph.D. in Psychology pro- been named chaplain of Yale Univer- Rockville campus, where he also gram at The George Washington sity. She has served as university teaches the course “Cooperative University this fall. chaplain for Johns Hopkins University Education.” Lauren GoodwinGoodwin, M.A.L.S. ’06, since 1993 and has also served as the Tabitha BenneyBenney, M.A.L.S. ‘07, works for the CIA as a South Asian president of both the National Asso- will pursue her Ph.D. in political Affairs analyst. ciation of College and University science this fall at The University of Leila HanafiHanafi, M.A.L.S. ‘07, was Chaplains and the Association of Col- California at Santa Barbara. named a winner of the World Bank’s lege and University Religious Affairs. Stephanie BlakeBlake, M.A.L.S. ’03, MENA Youth Innovation Fund. She Awarded several academic joined the faculty of American Univer- recently traveled to Morocco to start scholarships including this summer’s sity in Washington, D.C. as an associ- her project - Youth Employment hospital chaplancy internship, Bette ate professor of journalism in the Initiative: Reaching Marginalized Jeanne Larsen, MALS ’06, has School of Communication. Youth in Urban Areas of Rabat-Salé. completed the first of the four-year Salima Christie BurkeBurke, M.A.L.S. Nicole Farmer HurdHurd, M.A.L.S. M.Div. program at Lutheran Theologi- ‘07, recipient of a GU Graduate School ‘96, creator of the University of cal Seminary, Gettysburg, PA. Conference Travel Grant, presented Virginia’s College Guides program, Michael O’Rourke, M.A.L.S. ‘98, portions of her thesis on Muslim per- received a Governor’s Volunteerism was recently honored by Catholic sonal law in India at the World History and Community Service Award for Charities of Northern Virginia for his Association’s SE regional conference at National Service from Gov. Tim Kaine. 12 years as the associate director of Appalachian State University last fall. She is featured in a recent Chronicle finance and administration. He is In June, she sat on a panel at the of Higher Education article. now the executive director of the association’s annual conference. Tugba Kalafatoglualafatoglu, M.A.L.S. Arlington-Alexandria Coalition for the Michele Campbell, B.A.L.S. ‘87, ’02, received the American Biographi- Homeless. M.A.L.S. ‘03 serves as faculty at Strayer cal Institute’s 2007 Woman of the Bill Remley, M.A.L.S. ‘06 starts University where she is teaching two Year award. This honor is presented to his Ph.D. program in the New School humanities courses at the Rockville an individual annually from across the of Social Research in New York City campus: Introduction to Art, Music, globe who exhibits extraordinary this fall. His doctoral studies will focus and Literature and Origins of Western achievement and determination based on 20th century philosophy. Civilization. on American ideals of entrepreneur- Stephanie Vance, M.A.L.S. ‘06, Tom Carroll, BALS ’89, MALS ship and success along with commu- a SCS Professional Development ’01, joins the faculty of the School of nity involvement. faculty member, teaches Escape or Foreign Service this spring to co-teach Mariam KhokharKhokhar, M.A.L.S. ‘00, Engage? Exploring the Modern a course, Information Technology and works in Pretoria, South Africa for the Approach to Technology and Enter- International Security. He is Chief International Organization for Migra- tainment. The July 2007 “Associations Engineer in the Analysis and Studies tion where she serves as Program Now” magazine includes an article

17 she wrote, “Breaking the Rules of NEWS OF FACULTY: 2007. He taught courses in the field of Engagement” stemming from work Dr. Michael Collins was se- social and public policy including she did on her MALS thesis. lected by the Georgetown College “Values and Issues in Public Policy” John Wilwol, M.A.L.S. ‘07, is Senior Class to receive the 2007 and “The Evolution of the Nation accepted to the M.A. in Journalism Edward B. Bunn, S.J. Award for State” and mentored the theses of program at New York University Faculty Excellence. He shared one of many degree candidates. beginning this fall. his favorite poems, “Cathedral Build- Florence WhiteWhite, one of Liberal ers” by John Ormond with the Studies earliest graduates, B.A.L.S. ’76, NEWS OF STUDENTS: Seniors. Reciting the cathedral M.A.L.S. ’83 died Dec. 11, 2006. She Liberal Studies doctoral student builder’s last words, “I bloody did often credited the Liberal Studies pro- Peter Brookes was recently awarded that,” he said, “While we have no gram and its courses on China and the 2007 Frank Knox Media Award by magnificent cathedral to point to Asian Studies and particularly her thesis the Navy League of New York for his today, we – all of us gathered to- research for successfully launching her work on national security and de- gether this weekend [graduates, lifelong career focused on U.S. relations L fense issues. He is a Senior Fellow for teachers, administrators, parents, with China. S National Security Affairs for The grandparents, family, and friends] LIBERAL STUDIES FALL 2007 ACADEMIC CALENDAR Heritage Foundation. share that feeling of accomplishment Aug 27-28 Walk-In Fall Registration and Payment, Thomas Hortonton, current and satisfaction as you, the members 9:00 AM - 6 PM M.A.L.S. student, had his article, of the class of 2007, are honored White-Gravenor Bldg. for payment, only; Suite 225 ICC for registration assistance “Competition or Monoply? The today for your many distinguished Sept 3 Holiday: Labor Day Implications of Complexity Science, achievements here at Georgetown.” Sept 4 Fall classes begin. (Check your schedule and syllabus on the Liberal Chaos Theory, and Evolutionary Elizabeth DukeDuke, Ph.D., Liberal Studies Website for the exact date and location of your first class Biology for Antitrust and Competition Studies faculty member in the field of meeting. Main campus departmental Policy” published in The Antitrust Social/Public Policy and one of the courses begin Aug. 29th.) Sept 11 Last Day of Add/Drop Bulletin: Vol. 51, No. 2/Spring 2006. Thesis Proposal Workshop teachers, is Sept 15 National Gallery of Art Tour with Dr. Eric MALS student Fleet Hower was the recipient of a 2006 Presidential Denker, 10:30 AM, Florentine Art of the 15th Century* selected to the 2007 ESPN (The Rank Award, the most prestigious Sept 18 Open House 6 PM & Lecture 7 PM Magazine) All-American Men’s Cross award offered to federal senior ICC Suite 225, Foyer, and Auditorium Oct 8 Columbus Day Holiday (no classes) Country Track & Field Third Team, executives and professionals. She was Oct 13 NGA Tour, 10:30 AM, Sienese Painting Nov 5 Spring Online Registration begins voted upon by the College Sports recognized for her leadership at the (Stu.Acct.must be below $2000) Information Directors of America Department of Health and Human Nov. 10 NGA Tour, 10:30 AM, Florentine High Renaissance Art (CoSIDA). A top distance runner, he Services. Dec 3 BALS/MALS Applications due for finished high in the NCAA and BIG Dr. Francis AmbrosioAmbrosio, Associate Spring 08 Admission Thesis Submission Deadline for fall 2007 EAST Outdoor Championships and Professor of Philosophy and Liberal MALS candidates the IC4A and BIG EAST Indoor Dec 8 NGA Tour, 10:30 AM, Venetian High Studies core faculty member, has Renaissance Painting Championships. written a book Dante and Derrida: Jan 9 Walk-in Spring Registration and Payment, 9:00 AM - 6 PM. Check your DLS student, Pablo Molina, is Face to Face (State University of New course syllabus for date of 1st class. featured in the July 9th edition of York Press, 2007). May 16 Graduate School Commencement- 2:30 PM, MALS graduates may “Computer World” as one of the participate. “Top 40 under 40 Technology IN MEMORIAM: May 17 Liberal Studies Commencement: 6 PM, Gaston Hall, Healy Bldg., followed Innovators.” He serves as the Chief Richard Lee Hough, Ph.D., a by Reception in the ICC Galleria. May 18 University Baccalaureate: 9:00 AM, Information Officer of the George- Liberal Studies adjunct professor for Healy Lawn town University Law Center. over fifteen years, died on June 18, *For registration and further information on the National Gallery of Art (NGA) Sat. Morn. Tour Series, contact Anne Ridder, [email protected] 18 About Liberal Studies at Georgetown

t is a thrill for me to pen commencement in 2003. Raising a my first contribution to family (including two small children) Liberal Studies at and preparing to return to full-time Georgetown as its professional work can do that to editor. I follow in the you, I guess. But I have come to very large footsteps of John know over these weeks of working McClenahen, who was instrumen- on this magazine that Georgetown tal in launching this fine publica- had never really left me. I see how it tion and tirelessly advocating for it has continued to shape my career as a tangible product of the im- choices, my voice in the public iberal tudies mense and important work being discourse, my worldview, my faith – L S AT GEORGETOWN done in the School of Continuing the many facets of who I am. Studies. Quite often through the I close my remarks with an editing process, I have wondered invitation to you, the reader, to what John will think of this, the become a member of the Liberal EDITOR first edition that does not bear his Studies at Georgetown team. The Stephanie Blake name. His imprint, however, is most effort to put out this publication DEPARTMENT EDITOR certainly here, and I am grateful to twice a year is thoroughly profes- Laura Trivers him for it. sional, as you can see, but also entirely volunteer. We are indebted Profiles of the newest D.L.S. WRITERS candidates for this exceptional to those who give so much of their Stephanie Blake degree program are featured among time, and are always looking for Anne Ridder the articles in this edition of Liberal others to assist in this valuable Laura Trivers Studies at Georgetown. The editor work. Quite frankly, we need you! thanks Anne Ridder and Isaiah Alumni or current students, aspir- DESIGNER Rosemary Henry Wooden for their efforts in assem- ing writers, copy editors, even bling these, and also thanks SCS photographers – all are welcome. Dean Robert Manuel and Jackie Let this be the place for you to Sanders for providing the text of share – or, like me, rediscover – the Dean Manuel’s remarks to the voice of Georgetown in you. Alpha Sigma Lambda honor society Contact me at snazzblake@ inductees. yahoo.com, or the Liberal Studies ©2007 LIBERAL STUDIES office. DEGREE PROGRAM, As I prepared to join the SCHOOL OF CONTINUING STUDIES, L Liberal Studies At Georgetown Thank you, and enjoy. S GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY. Requests for permission to quote from team, I realized, a bit to my chagrin, articles must be sent to: Dr. Phyllis O’Callaghan, I had not been back to the Georgetown University Georgetown campus since my own Box 571011 Washington, DC 20057-1011 iberal tudies First Class L S U.S. Postage AT GEORGETOWN P A I D Washington, DC Box 571011, Washington, DC 20057-1011 Permit No. 3901