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Strategic Urban Development Plan for Homa Bay Municipality (2008-2030)

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Strategic Urban Development Plan for Homa Bay Municipality (2008-2030) THE STRATEGIC URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN FOR HOMA BAY T HE S TRATEGIC URBAN TRATEGIC D EVELO P MENT PLAN FOR STRATEGIC URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN FOR HOMA BAY MUNICIPALITY (2008-2030) H OMA B AY STRATEGIC PLANNING FOR ENVIRONMENTAL GOVERNANCE AND POVERTY ALLEVIATION STRATEGIC URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN FOR HOMA BAY MUNICIPALITY (2008-2030) STRATEGIC PLANNING FOR ENVIRONMENTAL GOVERNANCE AND POVERTY ALLEVIATION United Nations Human Settlement Programme (UN-HABITAT) Nairobi, 2010 i STRATEGIC URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN FOR HOMA BAY MUNICIPALITY (2008-2030) STRATEGIC URBAN DEVELOPMENT PLAN FOR HOMA BAY MUNICIPALITY (2008-2030) Strategic Planning for Environmental Governance and Poverty Alleviation Copyright © United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-HABITAT) 2010 All rights reserved United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-HABITAT) P.O. Box 30030 00100 Nairobi GPO KENYA Tel: 254-020-7623120 (Central Office) www.unhabitat.org HS/123/10E ISBN (Series): 978-92-1-132031-2 ISBN (Volume): 978-92-1-132234-7 Disclaimer The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any county, territory, city or area or its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries regarding its economic system or degree of development. Excerpts may be reproduced without authorization, on condition that the source is indicated. Views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of the United Nations Human Settlements Programme, the United Nations and its member states. Cover photo © UN-HABITAT Editor: Roman Rollnick Design and layout: Andrew Ondoo ii ACKNO W LEDGEMENT FOREWORD Lake Victoria is the second A key area of innovation has been the adoption of largest fresh water lake in new planning approaches. These approaches are a far the world. With over 200 cry from the traditional Master Plan approach which fish species it is the source of has been widely discredited in the region because of its livelihood and development for ineffectiveness. Such plans are notoriously inflexible an estimated 25 million people in accommodating unforeseen changes. They also who live within its catchment do not seek the participation and ownership of key area. To support their efforts stakeholders, including the private sector, in the design to achieve the Millennium and implementation process. Most importantly, Development Goals, UN- perhaps, is the fact that the old planning approach is Habitat, in collaboration with not linked to the resource allocation and budgeting the national governments of the riparian countries of processes. Lake Victoria, is engaged in various initiatives in the region. These initiatives aim to promote environmental The Homa Bay Strategic Urban Development sustainability and reduce poverty through improved Plan is one in a series of six similar plans which have settlement planning, management and governance. been prepared under Phase One of the UN-Habitat Most of the effort is focused on the secondary urban supported Urban Planning programme in the Lake centres around Lake Victoria which are experiencing Victoria region of Kenya, Uganda, and Tanzania. This very rapid urbanization rates varying between 3 and 7 plan is meant to support our Water and Sanitation percent per annum. project in the region’s municipalities. It is my sincere hope that this plan will also be found useful for Despite this rapid growth a study undertaken by guiding other development initiatives and projects in UN-Habitat revealed that most of these secondary the municipality. towns did have any plan to accommodate rapid growth. Several towns had no plan at all while the I would like to thank all who contributed to this plans of others were completed out of date and plan whose process was led by Jossy Materu, Chief of overtaken by reality. For this reason UN-HABITAT Urban Design and Planning Services. support to these secondary towns centers two key areas: (I) to help these towns prepare forward looking plans including the spatial configuration of growth; and (II) strengthening the capacity of these secondary towns to prepare and implement their respective. Both these technical aspects of the project are underpinned Dr. Anna Kajumulo Tibaijuka by a third area – that of urban management and Executive Director, UN-HABITAT governance. iii SUMMARY EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The level of urbanization is strongly correlated to POOR HOUSING CONDITIONS the level of economic development, but the annual There is a mismatch between housing growth rates of each are not closely linked since development and community facilities with the urbanization often proceeds apace even in periods of population. A large number of the residents of economic stagnation or decline (Fay and Opal, 2000, Homa Bay live in sub-standard dwellings and cited in Kessides, 2006). settlements. This has been brought about by informal Urbanization in Kenya is growing at a very fast rate settlements in the area. of approximately 7% per annum. The agricultural sector continues to be strained by heavy competition UNEMPLOYMENT AND UNDEREMPLOYMENT in world markets, reduction in farmlands due to A decline in employment opportunities is slowly increase in population and unpredictable climatic creeping into the MoHB. Fishing, which has conditions. traditionally been the main economic activity practiced It is projected that, by 2020, half of Kenya's in the MoHB, is fast dwindling due to various factors population will be urban. This fact is compounded such as the over-exploitation of fish in Lake Victoria by the following numerous challenges in Homa Bay: due to increased population; water pollution in the lake; and the resultant water hyacinth menace that has rendered most boating lanes inaccessible; falling water UNPLANNED AND UNCOORDINATED URBAN GROWTH levels in the lake; and the receding shorelines. Haphazard urban growth of the Municiapality of Moreover, the shipping route is also endangered. Homa Bay (MoHB) has led to the decay in varying The large government ferries that plied the shipping degrees of the natural and human environments in route to the City of Kisumu have since been recalled the area. In a nutshell, these include: a proliferation of because of increased difficulties in berthing due to slums and squatter settlements in the town, and lack the declining water levels and the problems resulting of adequate provision of various services such as roads, from the water hyacinth. This has contributed to the water supply, sewerage reticulation and solid-waste reduction of employment opportunities and increased collection, among others. This has contributed to the underemployment. destruction of the aesthetic quality of the MoHB. INADEQUATE CAPACITY OF INSTITUTIONS INADEQUATE TRANSPORT AND Among the important departments that lack INFRASTRUCTURE SERVICES capacity in Homa Bay is the Town Planning Unit and In the area covered by the MoHB most developments, complimentary technical departments. Exacerbating especially low-income housing provision, come before this existing situation is low budgetary provision for infrastructure provision to the site of development. As road construction and service provision. a result, the ones that were there previously are strained as additional developments come into existence. INEFFECTIVE PARTICIPATION IN PLANNING PROCESSES Among the inadequate facilities and services include: solid waste management system, road networks, water Lack of proper spatial planning to guide development provision and sewage disposal systems. As a result, the of the MoHB makes it difficult for the MCHB to Municipal Council of Homa Bay (MCHB) is usually involve local communities in the identification of overstretched or simply remains reluctant to provide their problems and alleviation. The private sector has the various services to such areas. also been sidelined in this venture and consequently, assistance in uplifting the living standards of people is low. This leaves a lot to be done by the MCHB, which itself is inefficient. iv INCREASED DETERIORATION OF CHAPTER SYNOPSES ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY Chapter 1 introduces the plan report. It traces the The location of the MoHB on the shore of Lake spatial and temporal growth of the MoHB on the basis Victoria implies that planning be done very carefully of its contextual position at the national, regional and to protect the freshwater lake which forms a fragile local levels. It highlights the urbanization process, ecosystem. This has, however, not been the case in administrative function, problem statement and the the MoHB. methodology employed in the planning process. The inadequate off-site and on-site waste-water Chapter 2 presents the Goal, specific objectives, disposal contributes significantly in the deteriorating theme, justification of the plan and broad strategies environmental quality. Direct discharge of raw sewage addressed. into the lake causes highscale water pollution, hence the growth of water hyacinth. Chapter 3 presents the regional setting, indicating the location and historical growth of Homa Bay. INCREASED POVERTY LEVELS Chapter 4 provides the physiographic analysis. This is the summary of the critical issues expressed It presents the topography and drainage, geology above. Poverty in the MoHB is exemplified through and soils, vegetation, wildlife and all other related the following factors: characteristics. • Lack of food security Chapter 5 presents
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