The Exchange of Count Metternich with the French First Secretary

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The Exchange of Count Metternich with the French First Secretary August/ September 2020 Floret. The cortege consisted of He met General Montbrun, the The exchange of five carriages, which were escorted commander of the outpost of the Count Metternich by fifty Jägers. They passed the French army. On the road near house of Count Harrach at Bruck Gönyü they came under gun fire with the French to arrive at Altenburg on 19th. from an Austrian battery from the First Secretary Here they got a message from left side of the Danube. The General Paul Davidovich, the carriages left the main road to go Claude Dodun. commandant of Komorn, that the on smaller roads. Nevertheless, arrival of the French agent is still two shots hit them, one went Ferdi Irmfried Wöber uncertain. For that reason they through the wheel of Metternich's turned back to Vienna on the carriage, the other passed two feet On the evening of 17 June Colonel evening of the same day. On 26 above the roof of it. On 28 June Avy, a staff officer, came to June, Colonel Avy came with news they arrived at the house of Baron Metternich with a message from to Metternich again to be on the Zichy at Ács. The following day Marshal Berthier, that he was to 28th at Ács, one of the places the exchange between Dodun and go next morning to the place declared neutral for twentyfour Metternich should happen and where the exchange was to be hours. With daybreak on 27th they Montbrun sent to Komorn for made. Metternich left the house left Vienna and arrived at Raab further information. General next day. He was escorted by the early in the morning on the 28th. Davidovich replied that Dodun attache of the Parisian Embassy, After some hour's rest they would not be at the outpost within Prince Paul Esterhazy, Count Mier continued to Ács, escorted of fifty two or three days. Colonel Avy and the Counsellor of the Legation dragoons. with the escort went back to Raab In this issue The exchange of Count Metternich. 1 Jérôme et la campagne de 1809. 3 Napoleon’s poplar. 7 Französisches Militär und Kaiser Napoleon in Kittsee. 9 An Accumulation of Advantages. 13 „nicht ohne ein glänzendes Vor- bild zu geben“ Kärnten 1809. 17 La propagande napoléonienne. 24 Vineyard before the construction of the Fortress Sandberg and point of exchange. on 30th via Böny, to avoid another confrontation with the Austrian battery. On the morning of 1 July Colonel Avy was informed by Prince Eugene Beauharnais, that Dodun had reached Komorn, and would be at Ács by the afternoon at two o'clock. They arrived again at Ács at seven o'clock in the morning, but the house of Baron Zichy, the former headquarter of General Louis-Pierre Montbrun, was empty. Dodun has left the house the evening before. Now an Austrian officer of the staff arrived with an escort, and informed Metternich and Colonel Avy that the exchange should happen on an outpost of Montbrun's cavalry, on the demarcation line. They went to this point just outside Uj-Szöny (todays Komárom) which is appr. 10 kms east of Ács. Now the exchange could go on. Dodun joined the French corps and Metternich the Austrian. There- after Metternich met Archduke Joseph at Komorn (todays Komarno) on the left side of the Maps without the Fortress Sandberg Danube and went back to Ernst- The military measurement 026 above and with the Fortress below. brunn near Vienna to meet Kaiser 01D 1782-1785 (Comorra Col. X. Franz on 6 July. Dodun went Sect. 15) is shown on page 1. immediately back to Vienna. The See also „Komárom látképe a Today there is nothing left of the exact transfer point of Dodun and homokhegyröl - L. Rohbock)” on vineyard and the hill as well. The Metternich was on the demarcation the series Hunfalvy János, Roh- fortification was only half the size line in front of Uj-Szöny on the bock Lajos: Magyarország és at that time. Now one can see the right side of the Danube. This Erdély eredeti képekben 1-3 kötet fortification in the finished size point was described by Viceroy (Darmstadt) 1858-60. and is open for visitors. ! Beauharnais and Baron Louis The Sandberg Fortress was Lejeune, and was only 2 km expanded during the reign of outside the town on a hill called Emperor Franz. Workers had to Sandberg. Two drawings are now remove 10.000 square meters of in the hands of the Jokái Mor earth, which was subsequently library in Komárom which show applied on the roofs of the the existence of this vineyard buildings. 3000 stonemasons were before the building of the Fortress employed in the construction. Sandberg and the second during the construction. Castle of Baron Zichy in Ács. THE 1809 INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH SOCIETY NEWSLETTER PAGE 2 Jérôme et la Jérôme Bonaparte, roi de Westphalie (1784-1860), 1809, François-Joseph Kinson, Musée de l'Armée, campagne de 1809. Hôtel National des Invalides, Paris, France Jacques-Olivier Boudon Jérôme, dernier frère de Napoléon, est roi de Westphalie depuis à peine deux ans quand débute la campagne d’Autriche. Agé de 25 ans, il a une double expérience militaire, amorcée dans la marine, poursuivie sur terre à l’occasion de la campagne de 1806-1807 ; Napoléon l’avait alors chargé de la conquête de la Silésie, objectif atteint au terme d’une série de longs sièges. Il eut aussi, à partir de 1807, à commander l’armée de Westphalie, constituée en fonction des demandes de Napoléon. C’est fort de cette expérience, modeste, mais réelle, qu’il se voit confier un rôle défensif dans la campagne de 1809, avec le commandement du 10e corps. Jérôme à la tête du 10e corps Les troupes qui protègent le nord de l’Allemagne sont organisées selon trois ensemble. Une partie est réunie au sein du 10e corps placé sous les ordres du roi Jérôme depuis le mois d’avril. Il comprend environ 20 000 hommes, effectif incluant sa propre armée (12500 soldats), les troupes hollandaises commandées par le général Gratien, ainsi que les garnisons des places fortes de Stettin et Custrin. Avec cette force, Jérôme a ordre de maintenir la tranquillité depuis Hambourg Jérôme en avril s’adjoindre au 10e position stratégique en Bohême jusqu’au Main. corps. Enfin le roi de Saxe a à sa pour attaquer l’Allemagne du nord Un second ensemble est formé disposition une troupe d’environ avec le concours de princes déchus par corps commandé par le duc de 3000 hommes, commandée par le de cette région, en l’occurrence le Valmy, dit Corps d’observation de colonel Thielmann, auxquels duc de Brunswick et l’électeur de l’Elbe ; stationné à Hanau, il Jérôme pouvait avoir également Hesse, dépossédés au profit du roi comprend 18 000 hommes, mais recours. Le roi de Westphalie, de Westphalie. Guillaume-Frédéric il échappe à la tutelle de Jérôme. même s’il n’a pas autorité immé- de Brunswick-Oëls, né en 1771, Le duc de Valmy a reçu l’instruction diate sur toutes les troupes station- dernier fils du duc de Brunswick, de ne répondre qu’aux ordres de nées dans la partie septentrionale avait refusé de reconnaître l’incor- Napoléon. « Le corps de Hanau de l’Allemagne, peut en devenir poration du duché dans le n’est pas sous vos ordres, et le duc l’élément fédérateur en cas de Royaume de Westphalie. Il profite de Valmy ne peut en détacher un difficulté. Tel est donc l’état des de la campagne de 1809 pour seul homme sans mon ordre », forces lorsque s’ouvre un nouveau tenter de reprendre son fief. Il a écrit Napoléon à Jérôme. front dans la campagne de 1809. pour ce faire obtenu l’accord de Il pourrait toutefois, en vertu des Les Autrichiens ont en effet l’Autriche qui l’a autorisé à recommandations adressées à décidé de s’appuyer sur leur armer, à ses frais, un corps de THE 1809 INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH SOCIETY NEWSLETTER PAGE 3 enlever ses Freyberg, l’autre, commandé par courriers, ses le duc de Brunswick, prenant une recrues, ses route plus au sud, en direction de magasins, son la Franconie, par Hof, avec la artillerie, en un mot, possibilité de repasser à tout prendre ou détruire moment, en cas de menace, en tout ce qui lui Bohême. Ce changement de direc- appartient ». tion s’explique assez aisément par Les autrichiens le fait qu’au moment où le duc de poursuivent leur Brunswick et le général Am-End progression en entraient en Saxe, un autre corps direction de Leipzig autrichien, commandée par le et bousculent général Radiwowitz, et fort de Thielmann qui se 8000 hommes, pénétrait en retire à nouveau. Haute-Franconie et occupait Les forces Bayreuth, menaçant la route allant combinées du duc de Mayence à Ratisbonne et par- de Brunswick et du tant la ligne d’opérations des général Am-End se Français. Le 26 juin, le corps de portent alors vers la Radiwowitz est en effet à Nurem- Saale, quand elles berg. Le lendemain, Napoléon se ont connaissance de décide à réagir, en appelant le l’arrivée des troupes général Junot, autrement dit le duc de Jérôme. Le roi de d’Abrantès, à la tête de la Réserve Westphalie a en de l’armée d’Allemagne, essen- 2000 hommes. Il les recrute, à effet appris le 15 juin l’entrée tiellement composée des forces partir du mois d’avril, en Bohême, des autri-chiens à Dresde et jusqu’alors commandées par le mais aussi en Silésie, bien que le décidé aussitôt de se porter à leur duc de Valmy, mais sans que soit roi de Prusse s’y soit opposé.
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