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Mammoth Cave National Park's 10Th Research Symposium Mammoth Cave National Park’s 10th Research Symposium: Celebrating the Diversity of Research in the Mammoth Cave Region February 14 - 15, 2013 Proceedings Mammoth Cave National Park’s 10th Research Symposium: Celebrating the Diversity of Research in the Mammoth Cave Region Biology and Ecology Assessing the Impact of Mercury Bioaccumulation in Mammoth Cave National Park 1 ~ Cathleen Webb Ozone and Foliar Injury at Mammoth Cave National Park 2 ~ Johnathan Jernigan Establishment of Long-term Forest Vegetation Monitoring Plots within Mammoth 3 Cave National Park ~ Bill Moore, Teresa Leibfreid, Rickie White 2011 Vegetation Map for Mammoth Cave National Park 4 ~ Rick Olson, Lillian Scoggins, Rickard S. Toomey, Jesse Burton Fire Regimes, Buff alo and the Presettlement Landscape of Mammoth Cave National 9 Park ~ Cecil C. Frost, Jesse A. Burton, Lillian Scoggins Remote Sensing of Forest Trends at Mammoth Cave National Park from 2000 to 17 2011 ~ Sean Taylor Hutchison, John All Disjunct Eastern Hemlock Populations of the Central Hardwood Forests: Ancient 18 Relicts or Recent Long Distance Dispersal Events? ~ F. Collin Hobbs, Keith Clay Landscape Genetics of the Marbled Salamander, Ambystoma opacum, in a 22 Nationally Protected Park ~ Kevin Tewell, Jarrett Johnson Infl uences of a Cladophora Bloom on the Diets of Amblema plicata and Elliptio 23 dilatata in the Upper Green River, Kentucky ~ Jennifer Yates, Scott Grubbs, Albert Meier, Michael Collyer Contribution of Freshwater Bivalves to Muskrat Diets in the Green River, Mammoth 24 Cave National Park, Kentucky ~ Kimberly Asmus Hersey, Joseph D. Clark, James B. Layzer Potential Eff ects of Hydrogen Sulfi de and Hydrocarbon Seeps on Mammoth Cave 25 Ecosystems ~ Rick Olson Long-term Monitoring of Aquatic Biota Using Occupancy Modeling 32 ~ Kurt Helf Antibiotic Resistance and Substrate Utilization by Bacteria Affi liated with Cave 33 Streams at Diff erent Levels of Mammoth Cave ~ Petra Byl, Shannon Trimboli, Rick Toomey, Jacob Byl, David Solomon, Tom Byl The Cave Beetle Neaphaenops tellkampfi Erichson: Relationships within and among 40 Related Genera Using Molecular Data ~ T. Keith Philips, Elise Valkanas, Kurt Helf A Functional Visual System in the Cave Beetle Ptomaphagus hirtus 41 ~ Markus Friedrich, Rui Chen, Elke K. Buschbeck, Stewart Peck Seasonal Occurrence and Habitat Affi liations of Trichoptera at Mammoth Cave 44 National Park ~ Luke E. Dodd, Michael A. Floyd, David A. Etnier Using LiDAR to Link Forest Canopy Structure with Bat Activity and Insect 50 Occurrence: Preliminary Findings ~ Luke E. Dodd, Nicholas S. Skowronski, Matthew B. Dickinson, Michael J. Lacki, Lynne K. Rieske Monitoring Cave Bats at Mammoth Cave National Park 58 ~ Steven Thomas Mercury Analysis in Rafi nesque Big Eared Bat Populations 59 ~ Lara van der Heiden, Cathleen J. Webb Inventory of Terrestrial Wild Mammals at Mammoth Cave National Park: 2005-2010 60 ~ Steven Thomas Evaluating Interactions Between River Otters and Muskrats at Bridge Crossings in 61 Kentucky ~ Ryan Williamson, Joseph Clark MAPS (Monitoring Avian Productivity and Survivorship) 62 ~ Brice Leech Breeding Bird Survey Summary from Mammoth Cave National Park, 1995 - 2012 64 ~ Steve Kistler Caving and Cave Survey How Did Max Kämper and Ed Bishop Survey Mammoth Cave? 69 ~ Rick Olson, Bernd Kliebhan, Rickard S. Toomey III The Making of a Connection: Exploration/Survey in Whigpistle Cave System 78 ~ Patricia Kambesis, Joel Despain, Chris Groves In-Cave and Surface Geophysics to Detect a “Lost” River in the Upper Levels of the 82 Mammoth Cave System, Kentucky ~ Timothy D. Bechtel, Chet Hedden, J.D. Mizer, Ute Bellmann, Sarah Truebe, Kenneth Dresang, Ellen Bechtel Sump Diving “River Caves” (presentation will be given at Hamilton Valley) 89 ~ Mark Wenner Geology and Hydrology Paleontology and Paleoecology of Interglacial Guano Deposits in Mammoth Cave, 92 KY ~ Chris Widga, Mona Colburn Using S Isotopes to Identify the Source of Gypsum in Mammoth Cave 93 ~ J. Garrecht Metzger, David A. Fike, Bob Osburn, Aaron Addison Particulate Inorganic Carbon Flux in Karst and its Signifi cance to Karst 94 Development and the Carbon Cycle ~ Randall L. Paylor, Carol M. Wicks Analysis of Kyrock for Leaching of Impurities in Synthetic Rainwater 95 ~ Santhosh Kumar Geophysical Logging of a Park Well, Mammoth Cave National Park, Kentucky 96 ~ Michael W. Bradley Karst Hydrogeology of the Haney Limestone, South Central Kentucky 97 ~ Sarah Arpin, Chris Groves Mysteries of the Underground River 98 ~ Allyson Copeland, Lane Ryan, Dania Shoiab, Shannon R. Trimboli, Kim Weber, Susan Ryan, Rickard S. Toomey, III An Alternative to the Advection Dispersion Model for Interpreting Dye Tracing 99 Studies in Fractured-Rock and Karst Aquifers ~ Roger Painter, Irucka Embry, Victor Roland, Rick Toomey, Lonnie Sharpe History and Archeology The History and Conservation of Saltpeter Works in Mammoth Cave, Kentucky 103 ~ George M. Crothers, Christina A. Pappas, Christian D. Mittendorf Archaeological Evidence of Historic Mining at Forestville Saltpeter Cave (15Ht94), 109 Hart County, Kentucky ~ Darlene Applegate, Emily L. Duke Archaeological Investigations for Proposed Trail Rehabilitation within Mammoth 118 Cave ~ Steven R. Ahler, George M. Crothers Restoring the Kämper Map for the 21st Century: A Digital Approach 126 ~ Tres Seymour The Mammoth Cave Mushroom Company: A Brief History of a Short-lived Venture 133 ~ Katie Algeo Sable Melodists 134 ~ Janet Bass Smith History of Long Cave 139 ~ Stanley D. Sides, Norman L. Warnell The Mammoth Eagle: The CCC Era at Mammoth Cave 143 ~ David H. Kime First Underground Photograph Taken in America 149 ~ Wm. Gross Magee Mammoth Cave in Poetry: Davis McCombs’ Ultima Thule 150 ~ Judith Hatchett From Board Games to Tobacco Products: U.S. Patents Related to Mammoth Cave 151 ~ Margaret M. Gripshover History of Crawling Tours at Mammoth Cave ~ Janet Bass Smith 152 Science Education and Interpretation Misconceptions Among Us: Evaluating Informal Karst Education in the United 159 States and Abroad ~ Leslie A. North Using Interactive Simulation to Extend Access to Learning Along the Historic Tour 160 Route of Mammoth Cave National Park ~ Christopher L. Atchison, Don Stredney, Karen E. Irving, Rickard S. Toomey, III, Alan Price, Thomas Kerwin, Bradley Hittle, Phillip J. Reed Pre-service Teachers Learn about Karst Geology at Mammoth Cave National Park 161 ~ Jeanine Huss, Cheryl Messenger Resource Management Eff ects of Prescribed Fire on Mammoth Cave National Park’s Oak-Hickory 163 Vegetation ~ Jesse A. Burton LiDAR: A Multi-Application Management Tool 171 ~ John Wall, Hugh Devine, George Crothers, Justin Shedd Correlating NOx levels at Mammoth Cave National Park with Solar Irradiance 173 ~ Matthew Nee Mammoth Cave National Park NPScape 176 ~ Lillian Scoggins, Shepard McAninich Water Quality Monitoring at Mammoth Cave National Park 177 ~ Brenda Wells, Joe Meiman Partners in Water Quality Monitoring at Mammoth Cave National Park, Kentucky 178 ~ Thomas D. Byl, Rickard Toomey, Shannon Trimboli, Lonnie Sharpe, Jr., Roger Painter Multiple Storm Event Impacts on Epikarst Storage and Transport of Organic Soil 183 Amendments in South-central Kentucky ~ Jason Polk, Sean Vanderhoff , Chris Groves, Benjamin Miller, Carl Bolster Three Examples of Chemical Transport in Storm Runoff at Mammoth Cave 184 National Park, Kentucky ~ Ashley West, David Solomon, Sean McMillan, Hung-Wai Ho, Victor Roland, Irucka Embry, Rick Toomey, Roger Painter, Lonnie Sharpe, Dafeng Hui Evaluation of Stormwater Filters at Mammoth Cave National Park, Kentucky, 2011- 188 12 ~ Sean McMillan, Ashley West, David Solomon, Roger Diehl, Victor Roland, Irucka Embry, Rick Toomey, III Use of Sorption Isotherms to Improve the Effi cacy of the Storm-water Filters 193 ~ Hung-Wai “Wayman” Ho, Rick Toomey Improvements to the RV Waste-transfer Station Design to Reduce Contaminated 197 Storm Runoff ~ David Solomon, Sean McMillan, Ashley West, and Lonnie Sharpe Spill Retention and Routine Runoff Filtration Structures on Interstate 65 in the 201 Vicinity of Mammoth Cave National Park ~ Rick Olson Mammoth Cave National Park Backcountry Trail and Stream Monitoring, 2009- 203 2012 ~ Larry Johnson White-nose Syndrome at Mammoth Cave National Park: Actions Before and After 206 Its Detection ~ Rickard S. Toomey, III, Steven Thomas, Joel Gillespie, Vickie Carson, Shannon R. Trimboli Assessing the Impact of Mercury Bioaccumulation in Mammoth Cave National Park 1 Cathleen Webb 1 Chemistry Department, Western Kentucky University Abstract This project will examine the fate and transport of mercury in Mammoth Cave National Park, which has an extensive karst ecosystem. Contaminant transport in karst systems (limestone based surface geology) is rapid and extensive. Mercury’s mobility in surface and ground water is of great concern due to its toxicity and ability to bio-magnify within food chains. However, mercury interacts with limestone, thus impairing its mobility. A number of federally listed species are declining in the parks. Further, Kentucky has issued a statewide mercury fi sh consumption advisory. With eight new coal-fi red power plant applications under consideration in Kentucky, the potential exists for increased mercury deposition. Acquiring an understanding of mercury’s bio-magnifi cation through the food-chain, with an emphasis on federally listed species, will enhance NPS’s ability to obtain emission reductions. Mammoth Cave National Park's 10th Research Symposium: 1 Celebrating the Diversity of Research in the Mammoth Cave Region Ozone and
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