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2 X 5 , 231n.83 172 – 180 , 182 – 184 , 190 , 197 , 209 , 216 – 218 , 234 Abdulai, Ibrahim, 136 Beethoven, Ludwig van, 77 accent, 32 , 38 Example 3.4 , 54 , 55 , 65 , 70 , 73 , Belgium, 22 , 25 , 153 108 – 109 , 131 – 133 , 136 – 142 , 159 , 184 bell, 7 – 9 , 9n.1 , 34 , 45 , 51 , 90 , 131 , 137 – 138 , Accra, 6 – 7 , 132 148 , 157 – 159 , 163 , 167 , 167n.16 , 185 , 212 , acoustics, 30 , 90 – 93 , 97 , 136 , 190 222 – 233 , 227n.76 Adams, John, 185 , 185n.5 Bensman- Rowe, Cheryl, 67 Adzenyah, Abraham, 1 , 5 , 7 , 15 , 147 – 149 , Blackearth Percussion Group, 190 227 – 230 Blacking, John, 228 , 228n.77 Akan, 1 , 9 , 93 , 137 Blackwell, Virgil, 189 al- Farabi, 124n.25 Bliss, Andrew, 133 Alorwoyie, Gideon, 132 bongos, 10 – 24 , 19n.15 , 33 , 42 , 45n.31 , 46 , amadinda , 215 – 217 47 – 107 , 112 , 115 , 119 , 121n.20 , 123 , 125 , ambiguity, 101 , 108 – 109 , 119 , 131 , 133 , 134 , 239 141 – 142 , 146 , 147 , 152 , 159 , 160 , 164 , Boosey & Hawkes, 22 , 33n.2 , 47 , 50 , 55 – 65 , 170 , 173 , 179 , 186 , 230 – 231 , 235 – 236 68 , 77 , 90n.2 , 95 , 103 , 108 , 110 , 112 , 176 , Arabic music, 124n.25 178n.12 , 182 , 184 , 208 Aristoxenus, 124n.25 Boston Symphony Orchestra, 121n.20 Armstrong, Rebecca, 67 , 190 , 196n.24 Brahms, Johannes, 229 Arnold, Elizabeth, 190 brekete , 93 Arnold, Johanna, 190 Broadway, 9 , 17 , 76 , 189 – 190 , 220 atoke , 9 , 9n.1 , 171 Brooklyn Academy of Music, 18 , 19f.1.3 , Atsiagbekor , 131 , 156 , 158 , 159 , 163 , 212 , 33n.1 , 75 222 – 233 Brussels, 25 , 156 attack placement, 95 , 96 , 108 , 118 – 123 , 131 , Bryars, Gavin, 25 141 , 148 , 233 build- up, 23 , 45n.31 , 51 , 55 – 65 , 80 , 82 , 84 – 87 , atumpan , 6 109 , 112 , 119 , 122 , 123 , 125 , 146 , 152 , axatse , 9 , 93 169 – 171 , 173 , 174 – 179 , 181 – 184 , 190 , 196 , 210 , 211 , 223 Bach, Johann Sebastian, 138 Burke, Gary, 16 Baldwin, 174 – 175 Bush, Phillip, 189 , 210 – 211 , 211n.51 , 217 Balinese gamelan, 192 Bang on a Can All-Stars, 189 Cage, John, 25 , 25n.18 , 142 , 142n.59 , 185 , 186 , Barabási, Albert- Lászlō, 166 188n.10 , 189 Baroque, 16 , 108 Cahn, Bill, 3 , 4 , 54 , 117 , 123f. 10.2 Bartók, Béla, 231 , 232 California Institute of the Arts, 188 bass clarinet, 186 – 220 Candle Rack , 9 Beck, John, 31 , 31n.9 canons, 13 , 33 , 92 , 94 , 159 , 164 Beckenstein, Marion, 190 Cantaloupe, 112 – 113 Becker, Bob, 3 – 4 , 28 , 31 , 50 – 51 , 54 – 55 , Cardew, Cornelius, 25 , 98 , 164 61f.4.2 , 109 – 110 , 117 – 118 , 117n.14 , Carnegie Hall, 30 , 121n.20 , 123f.10.2 123f.10.2 , 127 , 127n.31 , 140 , 163 , Cave , h e , 145 , 189
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cello, 186 , 200 – 202 , 203 , 209 – 210 Drumming , 1 – 159 , 181 – 185 , 187 , 189 , 190 , chamber music, 53 , 99 , 102 , 116 , 205 , 192 – 200 , 205 , 209n.48 , 235 – 239 218 , 234 Dukas, Paul, 75n.2 Chambers, Steve, 10 – 12 , 22 , 27 , 43 , 175 – 176 , duration, 42 , 97 , 108 , 113 , 116 , 118 , 123 – 125 , 182 , 189 124n.25 , 143 – 144 , 205 , 237 Chattopadhyaya, Debiprasad, 144 , 144n.63 dynamics, 69 , 108 – 111 , 109n.2 , 116 , 125 , 131 , Chernof , John, 116 – 117 , 122 , 134 , 202 , 220 163 – 165 , 185 chronos protos , 124n.25 Eastman School of Music, 4 , 31 City Life , 227 ECM, 185 , 189 , 193 Clapping Music , 25 , 27 , 36n.7 , 117 , 125 , Electric Counterpoint , 35 , 230n.80 140n.55 , 152 , 153 – 168 , 212 , 222 – 227 , electric organ, 130 , 181 – 182 , 186 233 , 235 , 239 electronics, 23 , 45 – 46 clarinet, 77 , 186 – 227 endurance, 70 , 137 , 200 , 210 Clarke, Kenny, 29 , 138 – 140 , 139n.52 , 237 energy, 135 – 138 , 145 , 147 , 200 , 212 , 219 claves, 168 – 173 , 186 , 212 energy- shit ing, 137 , 148 , 163 – 164 , 203 Clayton, Jay, 11 , 27 , 66 – 68 , 189 – 192 , 192n.19 , Engelman, Robin, 3 – 5 , 121f.10.1 , 123f. 10.2 206 – 209 , 234 Engelmann, Paul, 77 Cohen, Richard, 191 , 192n.15 E n g l a n d , 2 2 – 2 7 Come Out , 53n.11 , 158 Erle, Broadus, 218 concentration, 90 , 107 , 108 , 118 , 133 – 135 , 147 , Erskine, Peter, 139 200 , 203 Europe, 2 , 17 , 22 – 24 , 30 , 125 , 154 , 171 , 189 congas, 48 , 49n.8 Ewe, 9 , 9n.1 , 93 , 131 – 132 , 137 , 185 , 222 , 227 , Craden, Michael, 3 227n.76 , 230 – 231 cross- rhythm, 33 – 35 , 39 – 42 , 133 crotales, 75n.3 , 122n.21 , 172 F a n t e , 1 Curran, Alvin, 2 F a r i sa organ, 22 Curtis Institute of Music, 1 , 16 , 31 , 128 – 129 Feldman, Andrew, 173 Feldman, Morton, 27 , 154 d’Azevedo, Warren, 135 Ferchen, Tim, 28 , 31 , 173 , 182 , 190 Dagbamba, 137 – 138 Fitzsimmons, h omas, 121n.20 Dagomba, 93 , 116 , 137 l ute, 13 dance, 2 , 6 , 9 , 25 , 27 , 35 , 93 , 122 , 137 , 141 , 145 , Fluxus, 24 153 , 201 , 227 – 228 , 231 , 232 Four Organs , 13 , 22 , 25 , 76n.6 , 181 , 184 , 212 Dance Patterns , 227 Fraley, Pamela Wood, 67 , 190 Daniel Variations , 231n.83 frame drum, 190 Darkwa, Asante, 5 France, 22 , 24 – 25 , 27 , 154 Davis, Miles, 138 dawuros , 7 gamelan, 1 , 189 , 239 Deagan, 76 gankogui , 9 , 9n.1 , 15 , 51 , 51 Example 4.2 , 131 , Dean, Laura, 27 156 , 171 , 227 , 230 – 231 , 239 Debussy, Claude, 75n.2 Germany, 22 , 25 , 27 , 31 , 179 , 208 , 209 deconstruction, 50 – 51 , 55 – 57 , 60 – 64 , 80 – 83 , gestalt l ip, 137 , 216 122 , 123 Ghana, 1 – 10 , 12 , 13 , 35 , 47 , 93 , 116 , 131 , 132 , Desert Music , h e , 70 , 231n.83 136 , 137 , 165 , 171 , 222 , 239 Deutsche Grammophon, 112 , 179 Gibson, John, 19 dif erence tones, 91 , 92 , 137 Gibson, Jon, 10 – 12 , 13 , 15 , 22 , 43 , 76 , 77 , 189 Dif erent Trains , 130 , 189 Gillespie, Dizzy, 139 Dillard, Ray, 10n.4 , 103 Glass, Philip, 13 , 26 , 132 , 189 Dolby, Paul, 12 glockenspiel, 13 – 15 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 29 , 33 , 56 , 74 , Double Sextet , 231n.83 75 – 83 , 75n.2 , 75n.3 , 84 – 93 , 95 , 100 , 124 , drum set, 45 , 139 124n.24 , 150 , 184 , 186
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gong- gongs, 9 Kubik, Gerhard, 53n.11 , 141 , 142n.58 , 216 , gongon , 93 216n.60 Goodman, Saul, 30 Kvistad, Garry, 28 , 32 , 54 , 91 , 92n.4 , 123f.10.2 , Greek music, 124n.25 177 , 190 groove, 133 , 138 , 140 – 141 , 204 , 207 Grossman, Kory, 180 La Barbara, Joan, 11 , 21 – 22 , 66 – 68 Guibbory, Shem, 188 – 218 , 188n.11 , 197n.25 LeBlanc, Jeanne, 188 , 200 , 200n.30 , 202 , 203 , gyil , 7 , 93 205 , 219 Legon, 6 , 7 hand patterning, 23n.16 , 33 , 36 – 42 , 108 , LeWitt, Sol, 9 , 76n.6 126 – 133 , 142 , 147 , 232 Lim- Dutton, Elizabeth, 188 , 200 – 203 , 202n.31 , Hardin, Louis T., 13 219 , 234 Harms, Ben, 16 , 31 Locke, David, 136 – 137 , 137n.48 , 138n.49 , Haslam, Micaela, 66 – 71 , 68n.2 , 77 , 88 , 116 , 227n.76 190 , 208 – 210 Loeb Student Center, 17 , 171 Heath, Percy, 138 lot , 2 , 7 – 12 , 17 , 23 , 76 , 107 , 153 , 158 , 181 , Heinemann, Herr, 31 185 – 196 , 220 , 234 hidden beat, 7 , 228 , 229 , 239 Lucier, Alvin, 109 , 109n.3 hi- hat, 139 lunna , 137 Hinger, Fred D., 1 , 31 – 32 , 127 – 133 , 127n.32 , Lunna, Alhaji Abubakari, 137 127n.33 Hiraoka, Yoichi, 31n.10 ma , 4 , 120 – 123 , 122n.21 Hobbs, Chris, 25 Maefsky, Frank, 16 Hungary, 166 , 215n.59 Makoto, Ōoka, 121n.20 Huron, David, 119 , 146 Mallet Quartet , 227 , 231n.83 Manhattan Marimba Quartet, 180 India, 132 , 144 , 159 , 166 , 189 , 230 , 237 , 239 Manhattan School of Music, 14 , 14n.9 , 16 , 190 Indonesia, 1 , 3 , 5 Manny’s, 49 , 49n.7 Institute for African Studies, 132 maracas, 13 , 186 , 212 – 213 , 218 intuition, 235 , 236 marimba, 3 , 10 – 12 , 14 – 16 , 19 – 27 , 29 , 33 , invisible conductor, 228 42 – 49 , 65 , 66 – 74 , 75 – 92 , 95 , 99 – 100 , Ishii, Ken, 188 117 , 125 , 150 , 151 , 153 – 164 , 172 , 180 , It’s Gonna Rain , 158 181 – 188 , 193 , 201 , 202 , 204 , 205 – 217 , Iyer, Vijay, 140 – 141 , 141n.56 219 , 222 – 227 , 232 Marimba Phase , 16 , 26 Japan, 2 , 4 , 93 , 120 – 122 Marlboro Music Festival, 3 Jaques, Miles, 192 McGill, David, 129 , 129n.35 Jarrett, Janice, 67 , 190 , 192 , 192n.18 , 207 , 208 McMaster University, 103 – 105 jazz, 139n.52 , 206 Mehta, Zubin, 146 Jones, A. M., 9 , 227n.76 Mellits, Marc, 50 ju-ju , 7 Mendelssohn, Felix, 30 Messiaen, Olivier, 118 Karnatak, 1 , 132 , 142 – 145 , 159 , 166 metallophone, 183n.10 , 187 , 187 Example 15.1 , Karush, Larry, 189 188n.9 Kassel, Matthias, 50 metronome, 112 , 113 , 165 , 193 , 193n.22 , Keller, Michael, 16 217 – 218 Kippen, James, 144 Middletown, CT, 1 , 4n.3 , 9 , 12 , 142n.59 , 178 Kitchen, h e, 198 minimalism, 26 K o h l o f , Roland, 30 Mistake Drawing , 9 Korea, 2 moleskin, 20 , 50 , 64 , 90 , 92 Kozinn, Allan, 29 Moondog, 13 Kramer, Jonathan, 124n.25 Moore, Lisa, 189
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Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus, 30 , 75n.2 phrasing, 13 , 52 , 54 , 70 , 108 , 123 , 125 – 133 , mrdangam , 1 , 140 , 143 , 166 140 , 142 , 147 , 158 – 165 , 206 , 221 , 232 , Multiples, 19 , 95 , 112 , 113 233 , 236 Murphy, Arthur, 10 – 12 , 22 , 27 , 43 , 80f.6.1 , 114 piano, 22 , 26 , 67 , 75 , 77 , 152 , 174 – 180 , Music for 18 Musicians , 13 , 89 , 91 , 117 , 152 , 186 – 196 , 196n.23 , 200 , 204 , 205 , 167 , 178 , 185 – 239 209 – 218 , 222 , 227 Music for Mallet Instruments, Voices, and Piano Phase , 16 , 22 , 26 , 34 , 98n.2 , Organ , 117 , 152 , 178 , 181 – 184 , 187 157 – 158 , 164 Music for Pieces of Wood , 27 , 152 , 165 , 167 , piccolo, 15 , 21 – 22 , 29 , 45n.31 , 55 , 75 – 80 , 84 , 168 – 174 , 212 88 , 123 – 124 , 142 , 150 – 151 , 189 Musica Elettronica Viva, 2 , 28 Pinker, Stephen, 145 Musser, 71 , 71n.11 , 76 , 76n.5 , 76n.6 , 183n.10 , Pinsent, David, 77 187 , 196 Potter, Keith, 76n.6 , 140n.55 , 153 – 154 , 153n.1 , My Time Your Time , 219 186n.7 Prawotosaputro, 1 Nagoya Marimbas , 227 Preiss, James, 13 – 16 , 21 – 26 , 31 , 50 – 51 , 53 – 54 , New Haven Symphony, 3 61f.4.2 , 72 – 74 , 80f.6.1 , 114 , 172173f.12.1 , New World Symphony, 192 , 202 175 – 181 , 190 , 196n.23 New York City, 2 – 3 , 8 , 12 , 13 , 16 – 17 , 21 – 28 , Price, Paul, 14 , 14n.9 , 16 , 16n.12 , 32n.11 49 , 67f.5.1 , 75 , 80f.6.1 , 88f.7.1 , 132 , 153 , Proverb , 231n.83 174 – 180 , 183f.14.1 , 185n.4 , 186 – 196 , pulse, 1 , 5 , 7 , 32 , 34 – 35 , 42 , 57 , 94 , 108 , 133 , 196n.24 , 234 137 , 138 , 140 – 142 , 148 – 150 , 168 , 173 , New York Counterpoint , 189 , 212 191 , 203 – 222 , 227 – 239 New York University, 17 , 171 Pulse Music , 154 , 221 Nexus, 1 , 3 – 5 , 54 , 103 , 117 , 123f.10.2 , 173 , 190 pulsing, 174n.5 , 186 , 193 , 196 , 197n.26 , Niemann, Edmund, 189 205 – 227 , 233 Nonesuch, 111 – 116 , 180 , 185n.4 , 193 Nyman, Michael, 25 , 90 , 90n.1 , 92 , 116 Quartet , 231n.83
O’Brien, Kerry, 99 Rácz, Zoltán, 215n.59 Ogborn, David, 104 Raghavan, Ramnad V., 1 , 143 Ogden, James, 16 ragtime, 117 ostinato, 9 , 15 , 173 , 202 , 203 , 230 , 239 Raissadat, Sepideh, 165 – 166 Ozawa, Seiji, 121n.20 Ramanujan, 230 ratamacue, 143 pacing, 21 , 27 , 55 , 108 , 111 – 118 , 147 , 192 , 193 , Ravel, Maurice, 75n.2 205 , 219 , 220 R e n a i s s a n c e , 1 6 paradiddle, 23 , 130 , 133 , 143 Respighi, Ottorino, 75n.2 Parker, Charlie, 139 resultant patterns, 11 – 12 , 14 – 15 , 21 – 22 , Parsons, Michael, 25 42 – 46 , 48 , 50 – 57 , 53n.11 , 66 – 74 , 76 – 80 , Paul Sacher Stit ung, 16 , 35 , 50 , 153 , 153n.1 , 84 – 89 , 108 – 111 , 116 , 124 , 131 , 136 , 142 , 186n.7 146 , 152 , 174 , 176 , 181 – 184 , 216 Pendulum Music , 9 ride cymbal, 29 , 138 – 139 , 230 perception, 82 , 137 , 142 , 146 , 167 , 220 , 235 Riley, Terry, 26 , 212 , 212n.55 phase, 11 , 16 , 21 , 33 , 46 , 50 , 51 , 54 , 60 , 64 , 72 – Rite of Spring , 30 74 , 78 – 80 , 85 – 88 , 92 , 94 – 107 , 109 – 116 , Roach, Max, 138 132 , 133 , 141 , 150 , 151 , 152 , 158 , 169 , Rochester Philharmonic, 31 174 , 178 , 223 Romania, 166 Phase Patterns , 22 , 23n.17 , 25 , 130 , 158 , 175 Rossing, h omas, 91 – 92 phasing, 15 – 16 , 21 , 33 , 35 , 43 , 46 , 51 , 53 , 56 , Rowell, Lewis, 144 , 144n.62 72 , 84 , 87 , 90 , 92 , 94 – 108 Ruyle, Bill, 180 Philadelphia Orchestra, 31 , 128 Rzewski, Frederic, 2
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Sahai, Sharda, 1 , 237 Tenney, James, 188 Sankaran, Trichy, 143 – 145 , 144n.60 , 145n.64 , tenuto , 29 , 29n.5 , 108 , 125 , 205 , 219 237 – 238 Tenzer, Michael, 110 – 111 , 116 Sawa, George Dimitri, 124n.25 h omas, Bobby, 47 , 48 sawari , 4 h omas, Michael Tilson, 5 , 5n.4 , 178 Schall, Gary, 28 , 31 , 71 , 190 , 192 , 218 h ompson, Robert Farris, 135 , 136 Scherman, Tony, 136 h ree Tales , 208n.48 Schick, Steven, 52 , 53n.9 , 119 Tilbury, John, 26 Schubert, Franz, 77 Tilles, Nurit, 189 Schutz, Michael, 104 , 105 timbales, 20 , 47 , 48 Example 4.1, 50 , 90 S c h w a r , O s c a r , 3 1 – 3 2 time feel, 29 , 32 , 72 , 83 , 108 , 137 – 142 , Schwarz, K. Robert, 185 147 – 150 , 173 , 205 , 211 , 213 , 217 , 220 , Scott, Leslie, 77 , 189 , 189n.12 , 191 236 – 239 Serra, Richard, 9 timpani, 5 , 30 – 32 , 64n.19 , 129 , 131 Sextet , 35 , 167 , 197n.26 , 213 , 227 Toronto, 71 , 180f.13.1 , 238 Sharjarian, Mohammad Reza, 165 Town Hall, 17 – 19 , 33n.1 , 67f.5.1 , 75 , 80f.6.1 , Sherman, Judith, 11 , 27 , 66 – 68 88f.7.1 , 112 – 114 , 198 – 200 , 218 Silver, Horace, 138 Trigg, William, 180 Silver, Mort, 77 trimba, 13 singers, 11 , 13 , 14 , 21 – 22 , 27 , 52 , 73 , 77 , 84 , 88 , 124 , 142 , 150 , 151 , 174 , 188 – 197 , Uganda, 215 – 216 206 – 210 , 220 , 232 University of Ghana, 132 Six Marimbas , 179 University of Toronto, 165 , 238 Six Pianos , 117 , 152 , 158 , 174 – 180 , 181 , 196 Sliwinski, Adam, 113 , 113n.9 Van Tieghem, David, 28 , 32n.11 , 190 , 192 , Snow, Michael, 10 192n.16 Sō Percussion, 112 – 113 Velez, Glen, 28 , 31 , 172f.12.1 , 173 , 176 , 190 Soho, 9 , 186 Venda, 228 solfège, 42 , 42 Example 3.10 veridical expectation, 146 solkattu , 143 Vermont, 3 Steinsaltz, Rabbi Adin, 111 Vermont Counterpoint , 212 Stone, George Lawrence, 126 vibraphone, 45 , 91 , 125 , 152 , 172 , 182 , Stonehenge, 26 188n.9 , 192 Storch, Laila, 129 , 129n.34 vibrato, 67 , 188 , 208 , 209 , 218 Stravinsky, Igor, 30 , 181 , 231 – 232 violin, 29 , 186 – 189 , 198 – 210 , 218 Street, William, 31 – 32 , 127 Violin Phase , 157 – 158 , 212 , 222 – 227 , 233 strings, 32 , 77 , 90 , 125 , 130 , 186 , 189 , 198 – 205 , voices, 14 , 17 , 29 , 42 , 44 , 55 , 66 – 71 , 84 , 90 , 206 , 209 , 210 , 211 , 213 , 218 , 219 , 220 , 152 , 170 , 181 – 185 , 186 , 200 – 227 221 , 223 , 226 Synergy Vocals, 66 – 68 , 190 , 208 , 208n.48 Wavelength , 10 Wesleyan University, 1 – 13 , 109n.3 , 142n.59 , tabla , 1 , 117 , 140 , 236 149f.10.4 , 178 , 227 Tabuteau, Marcel, 128 – 131 , 129n.34 Wheeler, h ad, 28 , 31 , 190 Takemitsu, Toru, 4 , 4n.3 , 93 , 93n.7 , 120 – 122 , whistler, 14 , 29 , 75 – 80 , 124 , 142 , 150 – 152 120n.20 whistling, 21 , 55 , 76 – 80 tala , 143 , 145 , 166 , 239 wind chimes, 190 Tchaikovsky, Pyotr Ilyich, 75n.2 Winter, Paul, 216 Tehillim , 70 , 146 , 208n.48 , 231 Wittgenstein, Ludwig, 77 , 77n.10 , 109n.2 , 111 , Teitelbaum, Richard, 2 , 28 , 43 124n.23 , 145 – 147 , 185 , 229 – 230 , 235 tempo, 16 , 21 , 50 , 72 , 83 , 98 , 105 – 108 , 110 – Woodstock Chimes, 123f.10.2 , 190 120 , 139 , 141 , 143 , 144 , 147 , 193 , 202 , World Drums , 213 , 213n.58 213 , 215 , 218 , 221 , 231 Wright, Audrey, 202 – 205 , 202n.33 , 233 , 234
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Wyre, John, 3 – 5 , 4n.2 , 54 , 123f.10.2 , 190 , 213 You Are (Variations ), 227 , 231n.83 , 238 xylophone, 7 , 31n.10 , 45 , 91 , 93 , 117 , 186 – 188 , Youhass, Bill, 71 196 , 196n.23 , 201 , 206 , 211 , 213 – 216 , 220 , Young, La Monte, 26 222 – 227 Zen, 21 , 142 Yale University, 188 Ziporyn, Evan, 189 , 205 – 206 , 205n.40 , 221 , yoga, 12 – 13 , 21 , 109 , 134 , 137 , 142 , 220 – 221 , 234 237 – 238
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