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Ground Water Information Booklet of Kannur District, Kerala State

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Ground Water Information Booklet of Kannur District, Kerala State TECHNICAL REPORTS: SERIES ‘D’ CONSERVE WATER – SAVE LIFE भारत सरकार GOVERNMENT OF INDIA जल संसाधन मंत्रालय MINISTRY OF WATER RESOURCES कᴂ द्रीय भूजल बो셍 ड CENTRAL GROUND WATER BOARD केरल क्षेत्र KERALA REGION भूजल सूचना पुस्ततका, कꅍनूर स्ज쥍ला, केरल रा煍य GROUND WATER INFORMATION BOOKLET OF KANNUR DISTRICT, KERALA STATE तत셁वनंतपुरम Thiruvananthapuram December 2013 GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF WATER RESOURCES CENTRAL GROUND WATER BOARD GROUND WATER INFORMATION BOOKLET OF KANNUR DISTRICT, KERALA 饍वारा By एम ् संताना सब्रु मणि वैज्ञातनक ग M. Santhana Subramani Scientist C KERALA REGION BHUJAL BHAVAN KEDARAM, KESAVADASAPURAM NH-IV, FARIDABAD THIRUVANANTHAPURAM – 695 004 HARYANA- 121 001 TEL: 0471-2442175 TEL: 0129-12419075 FAX: 0471-2442191 FAX: 0129-2142524 GROUND WATER INFORMATION BOOKLET OF KANNUR DISTRICT, KERALA STATE TABLE OF CONTENTS DISTRICT AT A GLANCE 1.0 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ 1 2.0 RAINFALL & CLIMATE ............................................................................................ 2 3.0 GEOMORPHOLOGY AND SOIL TYPES ................................................................. 4 4.0 GROUND WATER SCENARIO ................................................................................. 5 5.0 GROUND WATER MANAGEMENT STRATEGY ................................................ 11 6.0 GROUND WATER RELATED ISSUES AND PROBLEMS ................................... 13 7.0 AWARENESS AND TRAINING ACTIVITY .......................................................... 14 8.0 AREAS NOTIFIED BY CGWA/SGWA ................................................................... 14 9.0 RECOMMENDATIONS ............................................................................................ 14 LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Monthly rainfall in Kannur district (Period 2006-2011) .................................... 2 Table 2: Block- wise Groundwater Resources as on March 2009 (in MCM) .................. 8 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Index map of Kannur District, Kerala 16 Figure 2: Depth to Decadal Average Water level - Premonsoon ( April 2002-11) 17 Figure 3: Depth to Decadal Average Water Level, Post monsoon- (Nov-2002-2011) 18 Figure 4: Hydrogeology of Kannur District, Kerala State 19 Figure 5: Categorisation of Blocks in Kannur District 20 Figure 6: Artificial Recharge Structures proposed in Kannur District 21 LIST OF ANNEXURES Annexure 1: Details of wells drilled in hard rock areas of Kannur district ...................... 22 Annexure 2: Details of wells drilled in Sedimentary area, Kannur district ...................... 23 Annexure 3: Chemical Analysis Data of GWMW in Kannur district (2009)................... 24 DISTRICT AT A GLANCE Sl No. ITEMS STATISTICS 1. GENERAL INFORMATION i) Geographical area (Sq km) 2966 ii) Administrative Divisions (As on 31-03-2011) Number of Tehsil/Block 3 / 9 Number of Panchayat/Villages 81 / 129 2. GEOMORPHOLOGY Major physiographic units Lowland, Midland and Highland Major Drainages Valapattanam, Kuppam, Anjarakandy and Mahe 3. LAND USE (ha) as in 2009 a) Forest area 48734 b) Net area sown 123516 4. MAJOR SOIL TYPES Laterite, Brown hydromorphic, Coastal and river alluvium and Forest loamy soil 5. AREA UNDER PRINCIPAL CROPS (ha) as in 2009 Paddy - 7232 Coconut - 82223 Tapioca - 1831 Banana - 2181 Pepper - 12533 ArecAnut - 11262 Cashew - 19366 6. AREA IRRIGATED BY DIFFERENT SOURCES (ha) as in 2009 Wells(Dug wells &Tube wells / Bore wells) 15180 Tanks / Ponds 1912 Canals 1710 Other Sources 4510 Net Irrigated area (ha) 23312 7. NUMBER OF GROUNDWATER MONITORING WELLS OF CGWB (AS ON 31-3-2011) No. of Dug wells 42 No. of Piezometers 17 8 PREDOMINANT GEOLOGICAL FORMATIONS Gneiss, Schist, Charnockite, Coastal Alluvium. 9. HYDROGEOLOGY Weathered, fractured crystalline Major Water bearing formation formations, laterites and Recent alluvium. Depth to water level (Pre-monsoon, 2011) 1.75 to 20.48 m bgl Depth to water level (Post-monsoon, 2011) 0.37 to 19.26 m bgl Long term water level trend in 10 years(2002- 2011) in m/yr Premonsoon- Rise – 0.0007 to 0.8277 Fall – 0.0033 to 0.5056 Postmonsoon- Rise – 0.0064 to 0.4912 Fall – 0.008 to 0.1936 10. GROUND WATER EXPLORATION BY CGWB (As on 31-03-2011) No. of wells drilled (EW, OW, PZ, SH, Total) EW – 12, PZ –18, SH – Nil Total – 30 Depth Range (m) 86 to 200 Discharge (litres per second) 0.01 to 14 Transmissivity (m2/day) 1.44 to 81.27 11. GROUND WATER QUALITY Presence of chemical constituents more than permissible Quality is good. Major chemical limits constituents lie within the permissible limit. 12. DYNAMIC GROUNDWATER RESOURCES (as in March 2009) – in MCM Annual Replenishable Ground Water Resources 479.11 Net Annual Groundwater Draft 217.39 Projected demand for Domestic and Industrial Uses as in 119.32 2025 Stage of Ground Water Development 45.37% 13. AWARENESS AND TRAINING ACTIVITY Mass Awareness Programmes organized One Date 25-01-2002 Place Kannur No. of Participants 300 Water Management Training Programmes organized One Date 2006 Place Kannur No. of Participants 150 14. EFFORTS OF ARTIFICIAL RECHARGE & RAINWATER HARVESTING Projects completed by CGWB ( No., Amount spent & 2 Numbers. Year) i) Mayyil S.C. Colony (Rs.1.53 lakhs, 2001) ii) Ezhimala Naval Academy(Rs.8.46 lakhs, 2001) Projects under technical guidance of CGWB (Numbers) Nil 15. GROUND WATER CONTROL AND REGULATION Number of Over Exploited blocks Nil Number of Critical blocks Nil Number of Semi-Critical blocks Two (2 Nos) 1.Kuthuparamba 2. Thalassery Number of blocks notified Nil 16. MAJOR GROUND WATER PROBLEMS AND Decline in water level, Water ISSUES scarcity, Seasonal salt water ingress near rivers & coastal estuaries Ground Water Information Booklet of Kannur District GROUND WATER INFORMATION BOOKLET OF KANNUR DISTRICT, KERALA STATE 1.0 INTRODUCTION Kannur (Cannanore) district is one of the northern maritime districts of Kerala. It covers an area of 2966 sq km bounded by the North latitudes 110 40’ and 120 48’ and East longitudes 740 52’ and 750 56’. It is bounded by Kasaragod district in the north, Kozhikode district in the south, Coorg district of Karnataka and Wayanad district in the east and the Lakshadweep Sea in the west. The Census data for the year 2011 reveals that the district has total population of 2525637 persons with 1184012 males and 1341625 female’s population with a literacy rate of 95.41%. 1.1 Administration Kannur district is divided into 3 taluks (Taliparambu, Kannur and Thalassery), 5 municipalities (Payyanur, Taliparambu, Kannur, Azhikode and Koothuparambu), 9 blocks (Payyanur, Kannur, Thalasserry, Taliparambu, Edakkad, Irikkur, Iritty, Peravur and Koothuparambu), 81 panchayats and 129 villages. 1.2 Drainage, Irrigation practices Kannur district is mainly drained by the Valapattanam and Anjarakandy rivers. The other rivers are Kuppam, Mahe, Thalasserry etc. Dendritic is the common drainage pattern. The Valapattanam river, which is the longest in the district originates from Brahmagiri Reserve forest in Coorg district of Karnataka. The drainage area of the river in Kerala is 1321 sq.km. The Anjarakandy river originates from the Kannoth Reserve forest. The drainage area of the river is 412 sq.km. Kannur district has 23,312 ha. area under irrigation, which accounts about 8.01% of the gross irrigated area of the state. Kannur district is provided with one major irrigation project along with some minor irrigation projects. The major irrigation scheme of the district is Pazhassi project. The command area fixed for Pazhassi project was 11525 ha of land. However only 8125 ha of land has been benefited through this project as on date. Ground water is also used for irrigation purposes. In addition to this, there are private tanks to facilitate the irrigation sector. 1 Ground Water Information Booklet of Kannur District The index map showing location of blocks, drainage exploratory wells, piezometers and ground water monitoring wells are given in Figure1. 1.3 Works carried out by CGWB Systematic hydrogeological survey in Taliparambu taluk of Kannur district was carried out by Sh. S.V.N.S. Rao. A report on the hydrogeological conditions in Kannur was compiled by V.C. Jacob and P. Lakshminarayanan in 1980. Ground water management studies in Kannur district was carried out by Anadigayan during 2001-2002. Reappraisal groundwater survey in Mahe Region of the west coast for augmentation of water supply to Mahe were carried out by P. Lakshminarayanan in 1984-85. Water supply investigations were carried out by P. Subramanian and K.M. Najeeb in Electronics component complex and Ezhimala area. Exploratory drilling was carried out by CGWB during 1988-89 and 1998-2000. Reappraisal Hydrogeological survey in Kannar district carried out by Dr.V.S.Joji during the year 2008-09. 2.0 RAINFALL & CLIMATE Kannur district receives a total annual rainfall of around 3438 mm. District experiences heavy rainfall during the South West monsoon season followed by North East monsoon. South West monsoon during June to September contributes 70 % of the total rainfall of the year. The northeast monsoon contributes only about 30%. The distribution of rainfall during year 2006 to 2011 is shown in Table 1. Rainfall is considerably less during the period from January to May. Table 1: Monthly rainfall in Kannur district (Period 2006-2011) Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Total 2006 0.0 0.0 16.0 5.0 617.0 735.0 674.0 491.0 570.0 267.0 97.5 2.0 3475.0 2007 0.1 0.2 0.0 45.4 213.4 949.8 1115.9 783.8 595.6 315.1 72.3 0.2 4091.8 2008 0.0 0.6 250.2 23.7 56.6 725.8 483.6 480.3 396.4 392.5 3.0 9.8 2822.5 2009 0.0 0.0 9.3 97.2 169.6 625.3 1456.2 299.5 320.5 200.3 306.8 48.7 3533.4 2010 19.1 0.0 9.4 65.3 137.0 843.9 959.6 511.0 269.3 342.3 338.1 2.3 3497.3 2011 0.0 0.0 0.0 90.3 44.3 1093.8 852.5 647.5 436.4 214.5 91.4 0.5 3471.2 2 Ground Water Information Booklet of Kannur District The year to year variability of annual rainfall is around 28.2%.
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