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University of Fort Hare Topic: A Critical Assessment of the Provincial Intervention Outcomes in Makana Local Municipality in the Eastern Cape Province (2012- 2014) By Zolani Teyisi Project Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements of the degree in Master of Administration In the Faculty of Management and Commerce Department of Public Administration University of Fort Hare Alice Supervisor: Professor Nzewi OI November 2016 DECLARATION I declare that the dissertation hereby submitted in the fulfillment of the requirements of the Degree of Masters Public Administration at the University of Fort Hare is my own work and has not been previously submitted in any university by anyone else for the fulfillment of a degree. Name……………………………..... Date……………………………. Signature……………………………. i DEDICATIONS Le Research Project ndiyi dedicate kwababantu balandelayo - abadlale indima enkulu ebomini bam: Umama wam u Nomathemba Princess Willi _ ‘Umamcwerha Ugxarha u Vambane Kasiyoyo Unyangiweyo, ndiyabulela ku mama ngenxaso yakhe nemithandazo, Enkosi Cwerha’. kwakhona kubantwana base khaya u Bukiwe Teisi no Nomaphelo Teisi ndingabalibelanga abatshana bam u Bukho no Amyoli Teisi. Xandigqiba ndibulela u Tata onmcinci wam u Monwabisi Teisi, Enkosi Xhego. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to express my appreciation to my supervisor Professor Nzewi for mentoring me throughout the process of this research project. If it wasn’t for you this work would have not been achieved, your guidance, constructive criticism and advice towards the success of this project have been helpful. I would like to also express my appreciation to Makana Local Municipality, especially Mrs Roxo Phumza and the Acting Municipal Manager Ms/Mrs Riana Meiring, for assisting me and availing themselves during the course of this study. I owe my gratitude to my friend/mentor Dr Henry Ssekebuule and my dear friend Lusanda Totana for the support. Furthermore, I would like to express gratitude to my Colleagues at Rhodes University Tarryn Gillitt, Sinazo Peter and Zipho Mqingwana. Most importantly: Thank you Lord. iii ABSTRACT This research conducts a Critical Assessment of the Provincial Intervention Outcomes in Makana Local Municipality in the Eastern Cape Province (2012-2014) with the overriding objectives to identify factors which cause unsuccessful Provincial intervention on local government affairs and measure the extent to which these factors played a role in the intervention in Makana Local Municipality and assess the outcomes of Provincial intervention in Makana Local Municipality. The entire research process was guided by the above research objectives and questions that strive to assess the outcomes of Provincial intervention in Makana. The study involved a qualitative research approach: conducting interviews and reviewing the Provincial Strategic Plans 2014, Financial Recover Plans 2014, Makana Annual Financial Statement 2015, Makana Budget Analysis 2014 and the Auditor Generals 2014/15 annual report on Makana. The study identified and defined challenges (factors) that contribute to poor outcomes in Provincial interventions and further identified success factors of Provincial intervention. The extent to which these factors played a role in Makana were then measured, and finally, the outcomes of Provincial intervention in Makana Local Municipality were assessed. The findings of the study indicate that the intervention in Makana Local Municipality has produced stability in the municipality and resulted in a degree of successful outcomes. However, there are priority areas that the municipality still needs to work on in order to make certain that the Makana Local Municipality is fully functional in all the areas that have been identified as priority areas of intervention. The study establish that there are many factors that may lead to Provincial interventions failing in Local government, such as lack of monitoring and evaluation during intervention, lack of commitment by the Province, political interferences and lack of budget or funds to implement the strategic plans. These factors can be prevented in order to assure that Provincial intervention in Local government is successful. The study reveals that proper intervention plans, effective implementations of the strategic plans, coordination and communication between municipal Council, Province and municipal officials, monitoring and evaluation iv during and after intervention can assist the Province to detect whether the interventions are to be successful. Lastly, the study makes recommendations for both Provincial and Local government. v TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION ................................................................................................................ i DEDICATIONS .................................................................................................................ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................... iii ABSTRACT .....................................................................................................................iv TABLE OF CONTENTS ..................................................................................................vi CHAPTER ONE: BACKGROUND AND MOTIVATION OF THE STUDY ...................... 1 1.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Provincial Breakdowns of Section 139 Interventions (1998-2014)....................................... 1 1.3 Economic State of Makana Local Municipality ..................................................................... 3 1.4 Access to Basic Services in Makana Local Municipality ........................................................ 3 1.5 Section 139 of the Constitution Republic of South Africa (1996) ......................................... 6 1.5.1 Provincial Intervention in Makana Municipality .................................................. 6 1.5.2 The Need for effective Municipal Financial Management .................................. 7 1.6 The Problem Statement of the study .................................................................................... 9 1.6.1 The Objectives of the Study ............................................................................... 10 1.6.2 The Research Questions .................................................................................... 10 1.7 The Significance of the Study .............................................................................................. 10 1.8 The Limitations and Delimitations of the Study .................................................................. 11 1.9 Ethical Consideration .......................................................................................................... 12 1.10 Clarification of Concepts and Terms ................................................................................. 12 Public administration .................................................................................................. 12 Intervention ................................................................................................................ 13 vi Public Policy ................................................................................................................ 13 Transformation ........................................................................................................... 14 Provincial Government ............................................................................................... 14 National Government ................................................................................................. 14 Local Government ....................................................................................................... 14 1.11 Preliminary Framework for the Research ......................................................................... 15 1.12 Chapter Summary.............................................................................................................. 16 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................................... 17 2.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 17 2.2 The Context of Local Government administrations in South Africa ................................... 17 2.2.1 National Government ........................................................................................ 18 2.2.3 Provincial Government ...................................................................................... 19 2.2.4 Local Government .............................................................................................. 20 2.3 The Role of National and Provincial Government in Local Government ............................ 22 2.4 The Significance of Local Development in South Africa ...................................................... 24 2.5 Conceptual Framework ....................................................................................................... 25 2.5.1 Intergovernmental Relations (IR) ...................................................................... 25 2.6 An overview of Interventions as a component of (IR) ........................................................ 26 2.6.1 Intergovernmental Relations in Nigeria and State Intervention ....................... 28 2.6.2 Intergovernmental Relations in the United States and Interventions .............