DOCSLIB.ORG

The Case of the USS Vincennes

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Case of the USS Vincennes Calhoun: The NPS Institutional Archive Theses and Dissertations Thesis Collection 1992-06 Systematic analysis of complex dynamic systems : the case of the USS Vincennes Dotterway, Kristen Ann Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School http://hdl.handle.net/10945/30594 NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL Monterey, California THESIS SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS OF COMPLEX DYNAMIC SYSTEMS: THE CASE OF THE USS VINCENNES Kristen Ann Dotterway June 1992 Principal Advisor: Nancy C. Roberts Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. Unclassified SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THlS PAGE I I; REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE I I la. REPORT SECURITY CLASSIFICATION 1b RESTRICTIVE MARKINGS JNCLASSIFIED 2a. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION AUTHORITY 3. DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITYOF REPORT Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. 2b. DECLASSIFICATION/DOWNGRADlNGSCHEDULE I I 4. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER(S) 5. MONITORING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER(S) I 6a. NAME OF PERFORMING ORGANIZATION 6b. OFFICE SYMBOL 7a. NAME OF MONITORING ORGANIZATION Naval Postgraduate School (If applicable) Naval Postgraduate School CC 6c. ADDRESS (City, State, andZlP Code) 7b. ADDRESS (City, State, andZlPCode) Monterey, CA 93943-5000 Monterey, CA 93943-5000 Ba. NAME OF FUNDINGISPONSORING 8b. OFFICE SYMBOL 9. PROCUREMENT INSTRUMENT IDENTIFICATION NUMBER ORGANIZATION (If applicaMe) I 8c. ADDRESS (City, State, and ZIP Code) 10. SOURCE OF FUNDING NUMBERS Program Element NO Project No I Task No Work Untt Accesson I Number I 1 1. TITLE (Include Security Classification) SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS OF COMPLEX DYNAMIC SYSTEMS: THE CASE OF THE USS VINCENNES 12. PERSONAL AUTHOR(S) Dotterway, Kristen Ann I 1 3a. TYPE OF REPORT 13b. TIME COVERED 14. DATE OF REPORT (year, month, day) 15. PAGE COUNT Master's Thesis From TO June 1992 256 16. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTATION Phe views expressed in this thesis are those of the author and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense or the US. lhvernment. 17. COSATI CODES 18. SUBJECT TERMS (continue on reverse if necessary andidentify by block number) FIELD GROUP SUBGROUP Command and Control, C2, Cybernetics, Organizational Learning, Vincennes Incident. Complex Dynamic Systems, NegativeIPositive Feedback, Systems Analysis, Garbage Can Model,.. ..- Mutual Causality, Wholistic Approach to Change, Decision Making, Ambiguity, 19. ABSTRACT (continue on reverse if necessary andidentify bi block number) I Recent studies on the Vincennes incident have centered around the impact of stress in decision making. This thesis, which is a case analysis of a historical event, offers another perspective through the use of organizational and contextual factors as a means to ascertain "what happened" when the USS Vincennes shot down Iran Air Flight 655. Data extracted from the unclassified investigation report by Rear Admiral William M. Fogarty and the transcripts from the Senate Hearing before the Committee on Armed Services were analyzed quantitatively, through regression and correlation analysis in conjunction with a graphical analysis and interpretation, in an effort to resolve the lack of reconciliation between system and recollected data by witnesses. A comparative analysis was also conducted between these archival sources of data and interview data from Captain Will Rogers, 111, former Commanding Officer of the Vincennes. Additionally, to identify "causal factors" that led to the outcome, further analysis using the Events Path Model, Dynamic Systems Model, and Cybernetic Model of Mutual Causality was conducted. The findings of the quantitative analysis portion supports Captain Rogers'argument, which included a track number issue and the existence of another aircraft. Among the "causal factors" identified contributing to the accidental shoot down, the most significant finding revealed was the failure to identify and differentiate between two aircraft, which was primarily due to the functional lack of negative feedback as a control mechanism that keeps a system stable and under control. Consequently, the issue of stress was not as significant as ws originally diagnosed 20. DISTRIBUTIONIAVAILABlLlTY OF ABSTRACT 1 21. ABSTRACT SECURITY CLASSIFICATION f UNCLASSIFIEDIUNLIMITED 0 SAME AS REPORT DTIC USERS 1 Unclassified !2a. NAME OF RESPONSIBLE INDIVIDUAL I 22 b. TELEPHONE (Include Area code) I 22c. OFFICE SYMBOL Nancy C. Roberts l(408) 646-2742 IAS I IDFORM 1473,84 MAR 83 APR edition may be used until exhausted SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE All other editions are obsolete Unclassified Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. Systematic Analysis of Complex Dynamic Systems: The Case of the USS Vincennes Kristen Ann Dotterway Captain, United States Air Force B.S., United States Air Force Academy Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE IN SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY from the NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL June 1992 Author: Kristen Ann ~otterwd Approved by: Nancy ~hoberts,Principal Advisor Allan W. Tulloch, CDR, Associate Advisor car1 Jones, Chairman CommfJ d, Control, nd Communications Academic Group ABSTRACT Recent studies on the Vincennes incident have centered around the impact of stress in decision making. This thesis, which is a case analysis of a historical event, offers another perspective through the use of organizational and contextual factors as a means to ascertain "what happened" when the USS Vincennes shot down Iran Air Flight 655. Data extracted from the unclassified investigation report by Rear Admiral William M. Fogarty and the transcripts from the Senate Hearing before the Committee on Armed Services were analyzed quantitatively, through regression and correlation analysis in conjunction with a graphical analysis and interpretation, in an effort to resolve the lack of reconciliation between system and recollected data by witnesses. A comparative analysis was also conducted between these archival sources of data and interview data from Captain Will Rogers, 111, former Commanding Officer of the Vincennes. Additionally, to identify "causal factors" that led to the outcome, further analysis using the Events Path Model, Dynamic Systems Model, and Cybernetic Model of Mutual Causality was conducted. The findings of the quantitative analysis portion supports Captain Rogers' argument, which included a track number issue and the existence of another aircraft. Among the "causal factors" identified contributing to the accidental shoot down, the most significant finding revealed was the failure to identify and differentiate between two aircraft, which was primarily due to the functional lack of negative feedback as a control mechanism that keeps a system stable and under control. Consequently, the issue of stress was not as significant as was originally diagnosed. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.INTRODUCTION ........................................... 1 A . THE RESEARCH QUESTIONS ........................... 1 B . STRUCTURE OF THESIS ............................... 2 C . METHODOLOGY .................................... 3 D . SCOPE/BENEFITS .................................... 3 I1. THE VINCENNES INCIDENT ................................. 5 A . OVERVIEW ......................................... 5 B . HISTORY .......................................... 5 1. U.S. Presence in the Gulf ............................ 5 2 . U.S. Interest in the Gulf ............................. 7 3. Iran-Iraq War .................................... 7 4 . The Tanker War .................................. 8 5. The Stark Incident ................................. 8 6. Increased U.S. Involvement .......................... 9 C . AIR OPERATIONS .................................... 11 1. Commercial Air Activity ............................ 11 2. Military Air Activity ............................... 14 I D. THE USS VINCENNES ................................. 16 1. Training and Readiness ............................. 16 2 . Organization ..................................... 19 3 . Combat System Status .............................. 26 4 . Communications .................................. 26 a . Internal .................................... 26 b . External .................................... 27 5 . Rules of Engagement ............................... 27 E . SEQUENCE OF EVENTS ............................... 27 1. Environmental Information ........................... 27 2 . Events Prior to the Surface Engagement ................. 28 3 . Surface Engagement ............................... 31 4 . Air Engagement .................................. 34 111 . ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION .......................... 49 A . ADMIRAL FOGARTY'S ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION ... 49 B . CAPTAIN ROGERS' ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION ...... 57 1. Introduction ..................................... 57 2 . Naval Tactical Data System .......................... 58 3 . Aegis Command and Decision System ................... 59 4 . Track Number Sequence ............................ 60 5 . Summary ....................................... 62 C . AUTHOR'S ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION ............. 62 1. Introduction ..................................... 62 2 . SystemData ..................................... 63 a . Altitude versus Range .......................... 65 b . Altitude versus Time ........................... 67 c . Range versus Time ............................ 69 d . Summary of System Data ....................... 69 3 . Recollected Data .................................. 73 a . Altitude versus Time .......................... 75 b . Altitude versus
Load more

Recommended publications
  • An International Armed Conflict of Low Intensity
    THE WAR REPORT THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN: AN INTERNATIONAL ARMED CONFLICT OF LOW INTENSITY Aeria view of the Persian Gulf, © NASA DECEMBER 2019 I MILOŠ HRNJAZ THE GENEVA ACADEMY A JOINT CENTER OF Iranian Prime Minister, Mohammed Mosaddeq, pushed CLASSIFICATION OF THE CONFLICT for nationalization of the oil fields and the Shah signed The United States of America and the Islamic Republic of this decision. The response of the British was harsh as they Iran were engaged in an international armed conflict (IAC) saw oil from Iran as a strategic interest. Both Iranians and in June 2019 by virtue of Iran’s shooting down a US military the British expected the support of the US. The Americans drone and the alleged counter cyber-attack by the US. pushed Britain to cancel plans for a military invasion, so the British decided to look for alternative ways to overthrow Mosaddeq. The new US administration wasn’t impressed HISTORY OF THE CONFLICT with Mosaddeq either (especially his flirting with the USSR and the communist Tudeh Party of Iran), so it decided to BACKGROUND actively participate in his overthrow and arrest. This was It has been more than 160 years since the first Treaty perceived by Iranians as the ultimate betrayal by America of Friendship and Commerce was signed between Iran and the event played an important role in the development and the US, exactly 140 years since the first US warship of Iranian political identity and anti-Americanism since entered the Persian Gulf and almost 140 years since Iran then.5 Mosadeqq became the brave figure who represented (Persia) and the US established diplomatic relations.1 Since the fight for independent Iran, free from the influence of then, their relationship has oscillated between cooperation the West.
    [Show full text]
  • Three Simulation Models of Naval Air Defense
    Three Simulation Models of Naval Air Defense LTJG Baris Ozkan, Neil C. Rowe, LT Sharif H. Calfee, and John E. Hiles Institute for Modeling, Virtual Environments, and Simulation (MOVES) and Computer Science Department U.S. Naval Postgraduate School 833 Dyer Road, Monterey, CA 93943 [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] ABSTRACT Naval air defense is a critical facility for ship survivability and has been subject of a number of studies. We investigate here three different approaches to modeling it with computer software. One approach focuses on the problems of information processing and communication for the air-defense team, and is good for analyzing its efficiency. Another approach focuses on the inference of the nature of observed tracks, and is based on the novel psychological theory of conceptual blending. A third approach uses an expert-systems approach that can learn from experience and be more substantially automated than the other two approaches. Each approach has its own advantages: The first provides insights for organizing and managing air-defense personnel, the second provides insights into cognitive biases in analysis that should be examined during training, and the third suggests a way to mostly automate the air-defense process to save money. This work suggests the value of multiple simulations of the same process when that process is important to understand. BACKGROUND Naval air warfare is rapid and serious, and is a major focus of the operations of ships (Mairorano, Carr, and Bender, 1996). Air-defense teams of "watchstanders" must train extensively in search, detection, and classification of all aircraft and surface vessels within the operational area of a ship's "battle group" (coordinated group of ships).
    [Show full text]
  • The Iranian Revolution in 1979
    Demonstrations of the Iranian People’s Mujahideens (Warriors) during the Iranian Revolution in 1979. Dr. Ali Shariati, an Iranian leftist on the left. Ayatollah Khomeini on the right. The Iranian Revolution Gelvin, ch. 17 & 18 & other sources, notes by Denis Bašić The Pahlavi Dynasty • could hardly be called a “dynasty,” for it had only two rulers - Reza Shah Pahlavi (ruled 1926-1941) and his son Muhammad Reza Shah Pahlavi (ruled 1941-1979). • The son came to power after his father was deposed by the Allies (the Russian and British forces) due to his alliance with the Nazi Germany. • The Allies reestablished the majlis and allowed the organization of trade unions and political parties in order to limit the power of the new shah and to prevent him from following his father’s independence course. • Much to the chagrin of the British and Americans, the most popular party proved to be Tudeh - the communist party with more than 100,000 members. • The second Shah’s power was further eroded when in 1951 Muhammad Mossadegh was elected the prime minister on a platform that advocated nationalizing the oil industry and restricting the shah’s power. • Iranian Prime Minister 1951–3. A prominent parliamentarian. He was twice Muhammad appointed to that office by Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, the Shah of Iran, after a Mossadegh positive vote of inclination by the 1882-1967 parliament. Mossadegh was a nationalist and passionately opposed foreign intervention in Iran. He was also the architect of the nationalization of the Iranian oil industry, which had been under British control through the Anglo- Iranian Oil Company (AIOC), today known as British Petroleum (BP).
    [Show full text]
  • Antarctica: Music, Sounds and Cultural Connections
    Antarctica Music, sounds and cultural connections Antarctica Music, sounds and cultural connections Edited by Bernadette Hince, Rupert Summerson and Arnan Wiesel Published by ANU Press The Australian National University Acton ACT 2601, Australia Email: [email protected] This title is also available online at http://press.anu.edu.au National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry Title: Antarctica - music, sounds and cultural connections / edited by Bernadette Hince, Rupert Summerson, Arnan Wiesel. ISBN: 9781925022285 (paperback) 9781925022292 (ebook) Subjects: Australasian Antarctic Expedition (1911-1914)--Centennial celebrations, etc. Music festivals--Australian Capital Territory--Canberra. Antarctica--Discovery and exploration--Australian--Congresses. Antarctica--Songs and music--Congresses. Other Creators/Contributors: Hince, B. (Bernadette), editor. Summerson, Rupert, editor. Wiesel, Arnan, editor. Australian National University School of Music. Antarctica - music, sounds and cultural connections (2011 : Australian National University). Dewey Number: 780.789471 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. Cover design and layout by ANU Press Cover photo: Moonrise over Fram Bank, Antarctica. Photographer: Steve Nicol © Printed by Griffin Press This edition © 2015 ANU Press Contents Preface: Music and Antarctica . ix Arnan Wiesel Introduction: Listening to Antarctica . 1 Tom Griffiths Mawson’s musings and Morse code: Antarctic silence at the end of the ‘Heroic Era’, and how it was lost . 15 Mark Pharaoh Thulia: a Tale of the Antarctic (1843): The earliest Antarctic poem and its musical setting . 23 Elizabeth Truswell Nankyoku no kyoku: The cultural life of the Shirase Antarctic Expedition 1910–12 .
    [Show full text]
  • The Uss Vincennes Incident
    92 HDR 2020, Nr. 2, 92–101. 1st Lt Viola Vincze THE USS VINCENNES INCIDENT A case study involving Autonomous Weapon Systems DOI: 10.35926/HDR.2020.2.6 ABSTRACT: The objective of the paper is to introduce the facts of the USS Vincennes incident in 1988 and examine how the deployment and use of an Autonomous Weapon System has influenced military decision-making in the specific case. As a result of misidentifi- cation of the contact and confusion on board, Vincennes (a Ticonderoga-class guided missile cruiser outfitted with the Aegis Combat System) fired two radar-guided missiles and shot down a civilian airliner from Iranian territorial waters (in Iranian airspace) only minutes after the airliner’s take-off. Not one from the 290 passengers and crew on board survived. Several contradictory articles have been written on the incident from legal, political and scientific vantage points and this article attempts to strip these accounts of the emotional tone and look into the facts in order to establish how personnel and machine interacted during the events that eventually led to the tragedy and how similar incidents involving AWS could be avoided. KEYWORDS: International Law, Law of Armed Conflicts, Autonomous Weapon Systems, case study, scenario fulfilment, responsibility INTRODUCTION Today we can witness a lively, although not always well-informed debate on the deploy- ment of lethal Autonomous Weapon Systems (AWS) during international armed conflicts (IACs). Their supporters and opponents are invoking various arguments regarding their use, but more often than not they tend to focus on the analysis of the Law of Attack1 as contained in the Law of Armed Conflict (LOAC), most notably in Protocol I additional to the 1949 Ge- neva Conventions2 (Additional Protocol I), while paying less attention to the assessment of NATO documents and national military manuals on targeting, although these can be regard­ ed as the direct translations of the Law of Attack into the language of daily target selection and engagement.
    [Show full text]
  • U·M·I University Microfilms International a Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North Zeeb Road
    INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adverselyaffect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyrightmaterial had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand corner and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. U·M·I University Microfilms International A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North Zeeb Road. Ann Arbor. M148106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 Order Number 9429649 Subversive dialogues: Melville's intertextual strategies and nineteenth-century American ideologies Shin, Moonsu, Ph.D. University of Hawaii, 1994 V·M·I 300 N.
    [Show full text]
  • Shooting Down Civilian Aircraft: Is There an International Law Brian E
    Journal of Air Law and Commerce Volume 72 | Issue 3 Article 10 2007 Shooting down Civilian Aircraft: Is There an International Law Brian E. Foont Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.smu.edu/jalc Recommended Citation Brian E. Foont, Shooting down Civilian Aircraft: sI There an International Law, 72 J. Air L. & Com. 695 (2007) https://scholar.smu.edu/jalc/vol72/iss3/10 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Journals at SMU Scholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Air Law and Commerce by an authorized administrator of SMU Scholar. For more information, please visit http://digitalrepository.smu.edu. SHOOTING DOWN CIVILIAN AIRCRAFT: IS THERE AN INTERNATIONAL LAW? BRIAN E. FOONT* TABLE OF CONTENTS PRO LO G U E .............................................. 696 INTRODUCTION ......................................... 697 I. BACKGROUND .................................... 698 A. PRESIDENT TITO'S LETTER ...................... 700 II. SOURCES OF INTERNATIONAL LAW ............ 701 III. POST-WORLD WAR II INCIDENTS ............... 704 A. SOVIET UNION-SHOOT DOWN OF FRENCH COMMERCIAL AIRLINER .......................... 704 B. CHINA-SHOOT DowN OF CATHAY PACIFIC FLIGHT ......................................... 705 C. BULGARIA-SHOOT DowN OF ISRAELI EL AL PASSENGER JET .................................. 705 D. ISRAEL-SHOOT DowN OF LIBYAN AIRLINES PASSENGER JET .................................. 706 E. SOVIET UNION-SHOOT DowN OF KOREAN AIRLINES PASSENGER JET (FLIGHT 902) .......... 707 F. SOVIET UNION-SHOOT DowN OF KOREAN AIRLINES PASSENGER JET (FLIGHT 007) AND ARTICLE 3 BIS TO THE CHICAGO CONVENTION .. 707 G. UNITED STATES-SHOOT DOWN OF IRANIAN AIRLINES PASSENGER JET (FLIGHT 655) .......... 711 * The Law Offices of Brian E. Foont, PLLC; LL.M., Georgetown University Law Center; J.D., American University Washington College of Law; B.A., University of Rochester.
    [Show full text]
  • Additional Historic Information the Doolittle Raid (Hornet CV-8) Compiled and Written by Museum Historian Bob Fish
    USS Hornet Sea, Air & Space Museum Additional Historic Information The Doolittle Raid (Hornet CV-8) Compiled and Written by Museum Historian Bob Fish AMERICA STRIKES BACK The Doolittle Raid of April 18, 1942 was the first U.S. air raid to strike the Japanese home islands during WWII. The mission is notable in that it was the only operation in which U.S. Army Air Forces bombers were launched from an aircraft carrier into combat. The raid demonstrated how vulnerable the Japanese home islands were to air attack just four months after their surprise attack on Pearl Harbor. While the damage inflicted was slight, the raid significantly boosted American morale while setting in motion a chain of Japanese military events that were disastrous for their long-term war effort. Planning & Preparation Immediately after the Pearl Harbor attack, President Roosevelt tasked senior U.S. military commanders with finding a suitable response to assuage the public outrage. Unfortunately, it turned out to be a difficult assignment. The Army Air Forces had no bases in Asia close enough to allow their bombers to attack Japan. At the same time, the Navy had no airplanes with the range and munitions capacity to do meaningful damage without risking the few ships left in the Pacific Fleet. In early January of 1942, Captain Francis Low1, a submariner on CNO Admiral Ernest King’s staff, visited Norfolk, VA to review the Navy’s newest aircraft carrier, USS Hornet CV-8. During this visit, he realized that Army medium-range bombers might be successfully launched from an aircraft carrier.
    [Show full text]
  • Oversight Review of the U.S. Navy's Littoral Combat Ship (LCS) Program" December 8, 2016
    i [H.A.S.C. No. 114–145] OVERSIGHT REVIEW OF THE U.S. NAVY’S LITTORAL COMBAT SHIP PROGRAM HEARING BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON OVERSIGHT AND INVESTIGATIONS OF THE COMMITTEE ON ARMED SERVICES HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ONE HUNDRED FOURTEENTH CONGRESS SECOND SESSION HEARING HELD DECEMBER 8, 2016 U.S. GOVERNMENT PUBLISHING OFFICE 23–763 WASHINGTON : 2017 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Publishing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2104 Mail: Stop IDCC, Washington, DC 20402–0001 SUBCOMMITTEE ON OVERSIGHT AND INVESTIGATIONS VICKY HARTZLER, Missouri, Chairwoman JEFF MILLER, Florida JACKIE SPEIER, California K. MICHAEL CONAWAY, Texas JIM COOPER, Tennessee JOSEPH J. HECK, Nevada HENRY C. ‘‘HANK’’ JOHNSON, JR., Georgia AUSTIN SCOTT, Georgia GWEN GRAHAM, Florida MARTHA MCSALLY, Arizona HEATH BOPE, Professional Staff Member KATY QUINN, Professional Staff Member ANNA WATERFIELD, Clerk (II) C O N T E N T S Page STATEMENTS PRESENTED BY MEMBERS OF CONGRESS Hartzler, Hon. Vicky, a Representative from Missouri, Chairwoman, Subcom- mittee on Oversight and Investigations ............................................................. 1 Speier, Hon. Jackie, a Representative from California, Ranking Member, Sub- committee on Oversight and Investigations ...................................................... 3 WITNESSES Gilmore, Dr. J. Michael, Director, Operational Test and Evaluation, Depart- ment of Defense ...................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • US Navy Program Guide 2012
    U.S. NAVY PROGRAM GUIDE 2012 U.S. NAVY PROGRAM GUIDE 2012 FOREWORD The U.S. Navy is the world’s preeminent cal change continues in the Arab world. Nations like Iran maritime force. Our fleet operates forward every day, and North Korea continue to pursue nuclear capabilities, providing America offshore options to deter conflict and while rising powers are rapidly modernizing their militar- advance our national interests in an era of uncertainty. ies and investing in capabilities to deny freedom of action As it has for more than 200 years, our Navy remains ready on the sea, in the air and in cyberspace. To ensure we are for today’s challenges. Our fleet continues to deliver cred- prepared to meet our missions, I will continue to focus on ible capability for deterrence, sea control, and power pro- my three main priorities: 1) Remain ready to meet current jection to prevent and contain conflict and to fight and challenges, today; 2) Build a relevant and capable future win our nation’s wars. We protect the interconnected sys- force; and 3) Enable and support our Sailors, Navy Civil- tems of trade, information, and security that enable our ians, and their Families. Most importantly, we will ensure nation’s economic prosperity while ensuring operational we do not create a “hollow force” unable to do the mission access for the Joint force to the maritime domain and the due to shortfalls in maintenance, personnel, or training. littorals. These are fiscally challenging times. We will pursue these Our Navy is integral to combat, counter-terrorism, and priorities effectively and efficiently, innovating to maxi- crisis response.
    [Show full text]
  • Aerial Incident of 3 July 1988 Affaire De L'incident Aerien
    INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE PLEADINGS, ORAL ARGUMENTS, DOCUMENTS CASE CONCERNING THE AERIAL INCIDENT OF 3 JULY 1988 (ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN v.. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA) VOLUME II COUR INTERNATIONALE DE JUSTICE MEMOIRES, PLAIDOIRIES ET DOCUMENTS AFFAIRE DE L'INCIDENT AERIEN DU 3 JUILLET 1988 (RÉPUBLIQUE ISLAMIQUE D'IRAN c. ÉTATS-UNIS D'AMERIQUE) VOLUME II The case conceming the Aerial Incident of 3 July 1988 (Islamic Republic of Iran V. United States of America), entered on the Court's General List on 17 May 1989 under Number 79, was removed from the List by an Order of the Court of 22 February 1996, following discontinuance by agreement of the Par- ties (Aerial Incident of 3 July 1988 (Islamic Republic of Iran V. United States of America), 1. Cl Reports 1996, p. 9). The pleadings in the case are being published in the following order: Volume 1. Application instituting proceedings of the Islamic Republic of Iran; Memorial of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Volume II. Preliminary objections of the United States of America; Observa- tions and submissions of the Islamic Republic of Iran on the preliminary objections; Observations of the International Civil Aviation Organization; selection of correspondence; SettIement Agreement. Regarding the reproduction of case files, the Court has decided that hence- forth, irrespective of the stage at which a case has terminated, publication should be confined to the wntten proceedings and oral arguments in the case, together with those documents, annexes and correspondence considered essential to illus- trate its decision. The Court has also specifically requested that, whenever tech- nical1y feasible, the volumes should consist of facsimile versions of the docu- ments submitted to it, in the form in which they were produced by the parties.
    [Show full text]
  • The Boys of •Ž98
    The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Boys of ’98 by James Otis This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at http://www.gutenberg.org/license Title: The Boys of ’98 Author: James Otis Release Date: December 15, 2009 [Ebook 30684] Language: English ***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE BOYS OF ’98*** THE BOYS OF ’98 STORIES of AMERICAN HISTORY By James Otis 1. When We Destroyed the Gaspee 2. Boston Boys of 1775 3. When Dewey Came to Manila 4. Off Santiago with Sampson 5. When Israel Putnam Served the King 6. The Signal Boys of ’75 (A Tale of the Siege of Boston) 7. Under the Liberty Tree (A Story of the Boston Massacre) 8. The Boys of 1745 (The Capture of Louisburg) 9. An Island Refuge (Casco Bay in 1676) 10. Neal the Miller (A Son of Liberty) 11. Ezra Jordan’s Escape (The Massacre at Fort Loyall) DANA ESTES & COMPANY Publishers Estes Press, Summer St., Boston THE CHARGE AT EL CANEY. [iii] THE BOYS OF ’98 BY JAMES OTIS AUTHOR OF “TOBY TYLER,”“JENNY WREN’S BOARDING HOUSE,” “THE BOYS OF FORT SCHUYLER,” ETC. vii Illustrated by J. STEEPLE DAVIS FRANK T. MERRILL And with Reproductions of Photographs ELEVENTH THOUSAND BOSTON DANA ESTES & COMPANY PUBLISHERS [iv] Copyright, 1898 BY DANA ESTES &COMPANY [v] CONTENTS. CHAPTER PAGE I. THE BATTLE-SHIP MAINE 1 II.
    [Show full text]