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The Impact of the Quality Requirements of the Environment on the Tourism from the Danube Valley from Giurgiu and Calarasi County

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The Impact of the Quality Requirements of the Environment on the Tourism from the Danube Valley from Giurgiu and Calarasi County Proceedings of the 5th WSEAS International Conference on Economy and Management Transformation (Volume I) The Impact of the Quality Requirements of the Environment on the Tourism from the Danube Valley from Giurgiu and Calarasi County MADALINA-TEODORA ANDREI Faculty of Geography and Tourism Geography “Spiru Haret” University 58 Timisoara Bvd., district 6, 061 333, Bucharest, Romania [email protected] Abstract: Tourism represents an important economic activity, connected to the quality of the attractiveness elements. The environment offers the support, the unfolding frame for the tourist activity. The degradation of the natural and anthropogenic environment leads to the decrease of the tourist value of the natural or anthropogenic landscapes, determining the decrease of the tourist interest for certain objectives, sometimes extremely valuable. In the Danubian localities from the Giurgiu - Calarasi sector, the tourist activity influences very little the quality of environment because this area is not exploited in the true meaning of the tourist potential. Key-Words: tourism, environment, economic activity, pollution, Danube Valley. 1 Introduction a) The natural tourist resources include Tourism represents an important economic spectacular landscapes offered by the river meadow, activity, connected to the quality of the alternating with the small hills that disturb the attractiveness elements. The environment offers the monotony of the area: the low and wide river support, the unfolding frame for the tourist activity. meadow, with the small bays, the sandy beaches, the The quality of the environment interests due to its islands, with the rich vegetation, with aesthetic and ambivalence in the relation with the environment. recreational importance; the favourable climate Thus, the quality of the environment can be both a conditions for tourism; the places of the confluence permissive and a restrictive factor for tourism. with the affluent rivers; where we can see While analysing the relationship that is formed extraordinary natural landscapes, with a high between the tourism and the environment quality, aesthetic value, with some fittings for the fishing, the tourist resources of the analysed areas have to be leisure, rest; the lakes, the natural pond (Greaca) known. Based on the data obtained from the offer conditions for leisure activities on water and on specialised institutions and from the field, we have land; the fauna is specific to the forest areas of oak found out that not all the localities are enjoying the trees and includes the fallow deer, the wild pig, presence of some tourist objectives on their territory; rabbits, foxes, the pheasant, wild ducks, as well as even if they have more natural and cultural an important fishing potential. resources, not all have real tourist valences, an b) The anthropogenic tourist resources include a important role belonging to the accessibility, the wide range of historic and architectural monuments, attractiveness of the resources. museums and cultural institutions, ethnography elements: monuments and archaeological sites - demonstrate the age of some human settlements, but few can be categorised as tourist objectives: Prundu 2 Problem Formulation locality, Puieni village, Greaca locality, Greaca Giurgiu County stands out due to the accessibility village, Giurgiu; religious monuments and given by its closeness to the city of Bucharest (NR assemblies (Giurgiu town owns 5 churches with 5/E 70/E 85), to the railway Giurgiu-Bucharest, to tourist value, due to their age or due to their interior the existence of the customs with Bulgaria (Giurgiu- paintings); civil monuments and assemblies - consist Russe) on the road and on the railway, on the of buildings which belong to some public or private "Bridge of Friendship", the Giurgiu river harbour. institutions which are still preserved today, their The Danube ensures direct connections between the number is very low and they are more specific to the Giurgiu Free Area and the free areas of other urban centres; art and memorial monuments - Romanian harbours (Braila, Galati, Constanta etc.), [ ] include those bas relieves, statue groups, memorial but also foreign free areas (Russe etc.) 1 . plates, busts, which glorify a historic event or ISSN: 1792-5983 61 ISBN: 978-960-474-240-0 Proceedings of the 5th WSEAS International Conference on Economy and Management Transformation (Volume I) historic and artistic personalities, the majority in Ulmilor island, Sultana village, Spantov village; Giurgiu town; the technical architecture monuments religious monuments and assemblies present refer to those industrial, scientific achievements as especially in the rural space; civil monuments and being representative for a certain historic period, as assemblies - these are found especially in the urban symbols of famous engineers, like the following in localities and only isolated in the rural settlements, Giurgiu: "the Bridge of Friendship" (1952-1954) where the old houses are preserved, dating from the with a total length of 2244 m, ensuring the railway end of the 19th century and the beginning of the and road connections between Giurgiu and Russe 20th century, in a serious status of degradation, (Bulgaria), the Bizets bridge, built by Anghel because of the fact that their building material was Saligny, being the first curved bridge built on a made of clay bricks, adobe and wood. These exist horizontal plan; public parks and gardens (these are in Calarasi (County Prefecture Palace, the Town urban beauty elements for localities, present Council, the National Archives etc.), Oltenita town especially in Giurgiu); ethnography and folk culture (the Water Castle, the building of the archaeological - the studied territory is part of the Vlasca museum); art and memorial monuments - include a ethnographic area, characterised by some distinctive very low number of such objectives, existing mainly features, present in localities; Greaca, Prundu, in towns; ethnography and folk culture – the Danube Frăteşti, Gostinu, Daia, Băneasa, Oinacu; museums localities are not famous for special elements and memorial houses: in Giurgiu there is "Teohari regarding the traditional architecture, technical Antonescu" County Museum (1950), the house of installations, specific art and craft, traditional folk Tudor Vianu, which has not yet been transformed costumes, because of the fact that the historic into a memorial house. conditions did not favour this process of popular art Together with these natural and cultural values, and culture; folk, cultural and sport shows - are there is the economic potential component, from limited to the local events: poetry and literary agriculture, which could be revaluated through creation competitions, in Calarasi, and fishing tourism - the vineyards. Important vine surfaces are competitions in Calarasi and Oltenita; museums and found on the territory of the following localities: memorial houses – in Oltenita town, the Baneasa, Daia, Greaca, and Prundu. Archaeology Museum (1957), which is focused on Calarasi County disposes of less tourist the monuments from the Gumelnita culture, from resources, and the ones that are present belong Cernavoda I culture, the bronze, iron ages, the especially to the cultural, artistic, historic and human proofs of the continuous inhabitancy of this land by achievements [1]. the geto-dacic population from this Danubian space. a) The natural tourist resources show that the The environment represents an element of major appearance and the natural frame structure are less importance in the appearance and the development of attractive and do not offer the diversified tourist the human civilisation, an essential role in the potential. Representative for the support of tourist harmonisation of the social and economic interests in activities are: the river course, formed of the Danube the territory. The complexity of the environment seen and Borcea arm, with possibilities of practising as a system and a public interest asset is a condition tourism through short cruises, nautical sports, that explains the capacity to participate in all the fishing; the presence of the forest from Borcea, energy, substances, raw materials and information Varasti village (hundred year old forests of oaks, transfers to the human society. Quercus robur species); the fishing potential existing The approach of the economic problems of the in the river waters, associated with the hunting one environment quality is done through the knowledge of from the forests and the aquatic area (deer, rabbit, the pollution forms of manifestation. The achievement fox, wild ducks etc.). of these regulations on the economic activity, In general, the geographical space has a special including tourist and social, can be completed through feature given by the low surfaces, with agricultural the knowledge of the quantitive and qualitative fields and where the natural landscapes are reduced dimensions of pollution. Any field of activity is to sectors of meadows that have been preserved over analysed taking into account the raw material used, time. the toxic substances and wastes. The relationship b) The anthropogenic tourist resources are production - pollution, in the present case, tourist represented by: archaeological monuments and sites activity-pollution, is translated through the impact on - represented by some discoveries belonging to the the environment quality. The reduction phenomenon geto-dacic cultures and that have been preserved of the negative
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