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Preliminary Remarks on Recent Epigraphical Work in the Museums Ofthyrion and Agrinion

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Preliminary Remarks on Recent Epigraphical Work in the Museums Ofthyrion and Agrinion Some News about Inscriptions from Northwestern Greece: Preliminary Remarks on Recent Epigraphical Work in the Museums ofThyrion andAgrinion Klaus Freitag Under the direction of the 6'" Ephorate of the history of northwestern Greece in Prehistoric and Classical Antiquities, Dr. the late Hellenistic and Roman peri­ Lazaros Kolonas, an international team was ods. formed a few years ago to study the epi­ graphical material from ancient Acarnania. I would like to stress explicitly that I can The general objective is to collect and only give you what we call in German a study all the epigraphical evidence from "Werkstattbericht", that is a "workshop northwestern Greece. Members of the report", in the true sense of the word. The team include Prof. Dr. Claudia Antonetti work in the two museums is now mostly from Venice, Prof. Dr. Peter Funke from finished. At present we are involved in Munster, Prof. Dr. Klaus Hall of fi·om the processing and interpreting the individual "Inscriptiones Graecae" in Berlin and epigraphical texts. We have also developed Prof. Dr. Hans-Joachim Gehrke from an epigraphical database which, in addi­ Freiburg. The work concentrated at first, tion to the work on the squeezes and the of course, on the two nwst im.portant mu­ photographs, will assist us further with the seums in Acarnania, the archeological col­ interpretation and documentation of the lections in Agrinion and Thyrion. Under epigraphical material. the supervision of the researchers already Please allow me to give you a brief re­ mentioned my colleague Dr. Daniel view of the epigraphical research in Acar­ Strauch and I began recording the Greek nania and Aitolia: and Latin inscriptions in the museum of In 1897 the Inscriptiones Graecae IG IX, Agrinion in September of 1996. In 1 was published. The editor, Wilhelm Dit­ September of 1997 I was able to study the tenberger, collected and edited the already epigraphical material in the museum of published inscriptions from Phocis, Locris, Thyrion with the help of some of my col­ Aitolia, Acarnania and the Ionian Islands.2 leagues from Munster. 1* Since the beginning of the 20'" century, the archeological and epigraphical investi­ In my paper I would like to examine gations of Greek researchers in Thermos three points. and other parts of Acarnania and Aitolia - Georgios Soteriadis and Konstantinos Ro­ 1. First of all I would like to present a maios3 should be mentioned here in par­ short overview of epigraphical research ticular - helped considerably to increase in northwestern Greece. the number of historically relevant in­ scriptions many times. In the years follow­ 2. In the second part I will give a concise ing, the epigraphical research of north­ report on the work in the museums in western Greece has been inseparably con­ Agrinion and Thyrion. nected to the name Gunther Klaffenbach (1890-1972).Mter the reorganization of 3. Finally I will briefly present and provi­ the In.scriptiones Graecae by Ulrich von sionally classifY some new and not yet Wilamowitz-Moellendorf, the urgently published inscriptions from Acarnania needed second edition of the ninth vol­ which are important with respect to ume of the Inscriptiones Graecae (IG IX, 12) 223 should include 4 fascicles. G. Klaffenbach thymios Mastrokostas8, Petros T hemelis, I. already began preparing the new inscrip­ A. Papapoustolou, Lazaros Kolonas, as well tion volumes in 1919. He traveled widely as many others, a large number of new in­ in northwestern Greece and contacted scriptions from the whole nomos have Greek archeologists and epigraphists. He been discovered since 195 7. was already able to publish the Aitolian volume in 1932.4 This fascicle contains Allow me to comment a bit on our work 171 inscriptions in contrast to the 39 in the museum of Agrinion. Agrinion, a Aitolian inscriptions found in Inscriptiones town of about forty thousand inhabitants, Graecae IX 1 of 1897. On behalf of the is the capital of the eparchy ofTrikhonid­ Prussian Academy of Sciences Klaffenbach hos and the largest city in the nomos. It undertook further journeys in Phocis, was almost completely rebuilt after an Locris, Aitolia, Acarnania and the Ionian earthquake in 1887. The site of ancient Islands in 1933 and 1934. Klaffenbach Agrinion has been located above the vil­ published the results of his research trips lage of Megali Khora, 4 km northwest of in the transactions ("Sitzungsberichte") of the modern town. There is an important the Academy. 5 archeological museum here. The museum The IG-volume with the Acarnanian contains finds from the district of Ae­ inscriptions (IG IX F, 2) appeared in toloacarnania ranging from the prehistoric 1957.6 This volume contains a total of398 to the Roman periods. It was erected in inscriptions which were found in Acarna­ 1969. Our interest was concentrated on nia; in contrast to the 99 inscriptions of the epigraphical material, but of course the first edition which was edited by Dit­ other very important archeological items tenberger, the amount of epigraphical ma­ are also on exhibition. terial has increased considerably. The vol­ In the museum in Agrinion we were ume with the inscriptions from West­ able to study 141 inscriptions (about half Locris (IG IX F, 1, 3) finally appeared in of the inscriptions came from Acarnania, 1968. In spite of the difficult working the other half from Aitolia). In principle a conditions in the former German Demo­ large number of inscriptions from sites in cratic Republic and the political isolation, the whole nomos were collected. In re­ Giinther Klaffenbach set a high stanJarJ cent years the museum of Agrinion has in the three volumes of inscriptions from mostly kept material from central and northwestern Greece. All the volumes southern Acarnania and west Aitolia. For contain informative fasti and extensive in­ example, inscriptions from Stratos are now dices. So far the fascicle Inscriptiones Gme­ exhibited or kept in the museum. The cae IX 12, 1, 4 with the inscriptions from material is so extensive that one can no the Ionian Islands has yet not been pub­ longer exhibit all the blocks of inscrip­ lished. One still has to depend on the tions in the museum itself; the material 1897 Inscriptiones Graecae volume by Wil­ must be left in the archives and in the helm Dittenberger which I have already forecourt of the museum. In particular the rnPntinnPri r'IP.'HTP.'t'" rrl'"lt-P1'"1'11 tho C'T"Yl'"l l 7 1'Yl11CP111T1<:.: _,,..,....:~ l a .. - thP .r...-,.,r.."t""Y"~ Tn in A(l"1-inirn1 D...-.t-<' 0 --- --- .. - - ----- -- - ---- ----- ---- ~ --~ ---- ~- 1:> ___ ,__ ,.,_.._ ... and Thyrion we were able to find most of with remains of inscriptions are kept in the inscriptions which Klaffenbach had the archive. included, and so we could study them All the inscriptions were critically ex­ once again. The inscriptions which could amined. All the stones in the museum of not be found there are either still on site, Agrinion were described and measured in could not be examined by Klaffenbach a precise manner. In the case of the impor­ himself, or have been lost in the course of tant new inscriptions and the historically time. Due to the careful and extremely important inscriptions already published, a productive activities of the appropriate first reading was done on the stone. At Greek administration of antiquities and least one squeeze was made of each in­ the responsible ephoroi, especially Eu- scription and photographs were also taken. 224 In the museum there are some signifi­ Roman settlement were located here as cant, not yet published inscriptions whose well. publication and interpretation are of great The further course of the road from historical importance. Drymos to Stamna is a point of contro­ In this context let me mention only versy.Claudia Antonetti, for example, two longer and almost completely pre­ thinks these milestones marked a Roman served manumission inscriptions from road fi.·om Vonitsa to modern Am­ Gavalou, the ancient Trichonion. Due to philochia.10 According to Kornelia Axiote the naming of eponymous officials, these the road did not lead to Amphilochia; are of particular importance for our view rather it turned south directly in the area of the history and chronology of Aitolia in of Drymos, then led across a ford of the the second century BC, among other river Acheloos to the ancient site near things. Stamna. From here one could travel along There are two milestones from the Ro­ the road to Calydon and the Gulf of man period in the museum which come Corinth. fi.·om a place called Rhonghia in the vicinity of modern Stamna. Stanma is lo­ The town ofThyrion, formerly Hag. Vasil­ cated on the left side of Acheloos south of ios, lies on the northern slope of Mt. Angelokastron. The earlier of the two Bergandi. The present village is in the area milestones was made under the emperor of the important Acarnanian polis Trajan (114-115 AD) and indicates a dis­ Thyrrheion, an ancient city surrounded by tance of 25 Ronun miles. The later mile­ 10-kilometer long walls near the Am­ stone was put up under Carus, Carinus brakian gulf. The museum was build in and Numerianus (283 AD) and Constan­ 1962. The museum contains a lot of tius I. and Maximinian (293-305 AD). archeological material from the ancient Another milestone in Greek comes polis Thyrrheion dating form the classical fi.·om Drymos, more precisely fi.·om a place to Roman periods. The epigraphical ma­ called Kefeli. By means of the reference to terial consists of m any funerary stelae and C. Julius Verus Maximinus Thrax and his other material which comes primarily son of the same name the stone can be from the cemeteries of ancient dated as belonging to the period of about Thyrrheion, from the area of the ancient 235-238 AD.
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