Nigeria - Researched and compiled by the Refugee Documentation Centre of Ireland on Tuesday 5, Wednesday 6 & Thursday 7 July 2016

Information on activity in between January 2015 & July 2016;

A report issued in April 2016 by the United States Department of State commenting on events of 2015 includes noting attacks by Boko Haram including:

“On January 10, for example, a bomb strapped to a 10-year-old girl exploded in a marketplace in Maiduguri, Borno, killing 16 persons and injuring more than 20. On July 26, a 10-year-old girl carried out a bombing at the entrance to a market in Damaturu, Yobe, killing 10 persons and wounding 50 others” (United States Department of State (13 April 2016) 2015 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices – Nigeria).

In June 2015 the United Kingdom Home Office utilising a secondary source states in a report that:

“Boko Haram is gradually encircling the main north-eastern city of Maiduguri, the birthplace of the group, and twice launched a concerted assault on the city towards the end of January 2015” (United Kingdom Home Office (June 2015) Nigeria: Fear of Boko Haram, p.21).

Amnesty International in January 2015 states:

“A failure to protect hundreds of thousands of civilians could lead to a disastrous humanitarian crisis said Amnesty International with reports of two large scale attacks in Nigeria on the major north-eastern city of Maiduguri as well as the nearby town of Monguno…Amnesty International has received reports that at 6am on Sunday, gunmen attacked the base of 33 Artillery brigade at Jintilo village, just 6km outside Maiduguri. There are reports of ongoing fighting at the air force base closer to Maiduguri” (Amnesty International (25 January 2015) Boko Haram attack on Maiduguri: hundreds of thousands of civilians at grave risk).

A report issued by Amnesty International in April 2015 lists the following bomb attacks from January to March 2015:

“…10 January 2015 Maiduguri, Borno A bomb at Monday Market killed at least 12 people. The bomb may have been carried by a girl… 7 March 2015 Maiduguri, Borno Multiple bomb attacks killed more than 45 people in five bomb attacks at a market and two motor parks… 10 March 2015 Maiduguri, Borno A female suicide bomber killed 18 civilians at Monday Market” (Amnesty International (13 April 2015) 'Our job is to shoot, slaughter and kill': Boko Haram's reign of terror in north east Nigeria).

A publication released in June 2015 by Human Rights Watch notes that:

“On Jan. 25, Boko Haram militants extended their reach by capturing the town of Monguno and a neighboring military base, but Nigeria’s military repelled their assaults on Maiduguri and , 40 km to the southeast” (Human Rights Watch (10 June 2015) Anatomy of a Boko Haram Massacre).

This report also states:

“In early June the group intensified its attacks in the country’s northeast, killing scores in a series of assaults and suicide bombings in Maiduguri and elsewhere” (ibid).

In February 2015 Agence France-Presse states:

“Nigeria's military on Sunday repelled a Boko Haram assault on the key city of Maiduguri as violence raged across the country's northeast just two weeks before national elections. The hours-long attack on the strategic capital of was the Islamists' second attempt to take Maiduguri in a week” (Agence France-Presse (2 February 2015) Nigerian army repels fresh Boko Haram assault on key city).

A publication by the United States Department of State in June 2016 commenting on events of 2015 notes:

“On March 6 in Maiduguri in Borno State, the Baga Fish market, mosque, and bus terminal were attacked with 54 persons killed” (United States Department of State (2 June 2016) Country Reports on Terrorism 2015: Nigeria).

A document released in March 2015 Agence France-Presse notes:

“Boko Haram pledged allegiance to the Islamic State group in an audio message published online on Saturday, after three bombs wreaked havoc in northeast Nigeria, killing 58 and wounding scores” (Agence France-Presse (7 March 2015) Boko Haram pledges allegiance to IS group after carnage in Maiduguri).

In March 2015 the Agence France-Presse states in a report that:

“A bomb attack rocked the Nigerian city of Maiduguri on Tuesday, days after Boko Haram bombings killed 58 people, as the government said the group's allegiance to the Islamic State showed the militants were weakening. A suspected female suicide bomber blew herself up at the crowded Monday Market, which has been repeatedly hit by Boko Haram attacks, including on Saturday, according to witnesses” (Agence France-Presse (10 March 2015) Boko Haram hits Maiduguri again as Nigeria dismisses IS link).

A publication released by the Agence France-Presse in May 2015 states:

“A group of heavily armed Boko Haram fighters late Wednesday launched an offensive on Maiduguri city which was repelled by troops from a military base on the outskirts of the city, according to the militaryý and residents…At least three soldiers, six vigilantes and dozens of Boko Haram insurgents were killed during clashes in Maiduguri on Wednesday evening, sources have said. The assault was the first on Maiduguri for three months and came after sweeping offensives against Boko Haram strongholds by a regional military coalition of Nigeria, Niger, Chad and Cameroon” (Agence France-Presse (15 May 2015) At least 55 killed in Boko Haram raids on two Nigerian villages: residents).

A document issued in May 2015 by the UNHCR states:

“Attacks took place in and around Maiduguri during the week. After President Buhari’s inauguration on 29 May, a nighttime assault on the town’s outskirts took place on 30 May, in which 11 people were killed. On 31 May, a suicide bomber attacked a mosque in Maiduguri, killing at least 16 people and an improvised explosive device (IED) planted by suspected insurgent members exploded in one of the town’s popular markets on the same day” (UNHCR (29 May 2015) Nigeria Situation: UNHCR Regional Update N°10 (23-29 May 2015), p.2).

BBC News in May 2015 notes that:

“A suicide bomber has killed at least 16 people at a mosque in the Nigerian city of Maiduguri, police say. Dozens more were wounded in the attack” (BBC News (30 May 2015) Nigeria violence: Militants kill 29 in Maiduguri).

A document issued in June 2016 by the Agence France-Presse points out that:

“The death toll from a blast in the northeast Nigerian city of Maiduguri has risen to 18, a civilian vigilante assisting the military against Boko Haram told AFP on Thursday” (Agence France-Presse (4 June 2015) Death toll rises to 18 in Maiduguri, NE Nigeria blast).

This document also states that:

“There was no immediate claim of responsibility for the blast but Maiduguri has been hit repeatedly by Boko Haram Islamists, including in recent days. Early on Saturday morning, Boko Haram fighters shelled the city but were repelled by the military and a suicide bomber later killed 26 at a mosque. On Tuesday morning, suburbs again came under fire from rocket-propelled grenades and at least 13 people were killed in a suicide attack at a cattle market” (ibid).

In June 2015 the Agence France-Presse states in a document that:

“At least 20 people were killed Monday when a young female suicide bomber detonated her explosives at a bus station in Maiduguri, northeast Nigeria, in an attack likely to be blamed on Boko Haram” (Agence France-Presse (22 June 2015) Female suicide bomber kills 20 in Nigeria city of Maiduguri).

In July 2015 a document issued by the Agence France-Presse states that:

“Four people killed were killed on Monday when a suicide bomber hit a military checkpoint on the outskirts of the northeastern Nigerian city of Maiduguri, civilian vigilantes told AFP” (Agence France-Presse (13 July 2015) Suicide attack at checkpoint in Nigeria's Maiduguri kills four).

In August 2015 a report released by the Nigeria Stability and Reconciliation Programme commenting on events of the previous month states:

“Maiduguri residents were alerted to gun battles by 10 explosions as Nigerian troops and JAS insurgence were engaged in a fierce battle in Zabarmari and Muna Villages at the outskirts of Maiduguri. Members of the Civilian Joint Task Force (CJTF) are reported to have joined the military to prevent the insurgents from gaining entry into the city. JAS has so far made about five attempts since 2014 to seize Maiduguri” (Nigeria Stability and Reconciliation Programme (10 August 2015) Conflict Briefing Note for July 2015).

A document issued in September 2015 by Voice of America states:

“As many as 100 people were killed in northern Nigeria in a series of coordinated explosions suspected to be the work of Boko Haram militants late Sunday. Witnesses say four blasts detonated within 25 minutes and hit crowded parts of Maiduguri city. The targets included a mosque, a market, and a viewing center where people were watching a football (soccer) match” (Voice of America (21 September 2015) Up to 100 Dead in Maiduguri Blasts).

A paper issued in September 2015 by Amnesty International notes:

“At least 94 people died on Sunday 20 September when bombs exploded in the cities of Maiduguri and Monguno in north east Nigeria” Amnesty International (24 September 2015) Nigeria: Boko Haram: Bombing campaign sees civilian deaths spiral, p.1).

This document also notes that:

“Amnesty International has also documented bomb attacks across north east Nigeria. Explosions killed civilians in the following Nigerian cities: Maiduguri, Borno state on 2, 3 and 22 June, 31 July and 20 September…” (ibid, p.3).

An article published by the Jamestown Foundation in October 2015 commenting on Boko Haram states:

“On September 20, the group carried out one of its most significant attacks in months, killing around 85 people in the northeast city of Maiduguri, in Borno State…The attacks mainly targeted a mosque and people watching a football game on television” (Jamestown Foundation (2 October 2015) Victory Over Boko Haram Continues to Elude Nigeria).

The Agence France-Presse states in a report issued in October 2015 that:

“A series of explosions rocked the city of Maiduguri in northeast Nigeria on Thursday, with casualties feared, witnesses and police said” (Agence France-Presse (1 October 2015) Blasts hit Maiduguri, NE Nigeria: witnesses, police).

In October 2015 the United Nations News Service states that:

“United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon has condemned the bomb attacks of 2 October in the outskirts of Abuja, Nigeria, as well as the multiple suicide bombings of 1 October in the city of Maiduguri, capital of Borno State, all by suspected Boko Haram elements” (United Nations News Service (4 October 2015) Boko Haram violence an 'affront to humanity,' Ban declares, reaffirms UN support to Nigerian Government).

In October 2015 a document issued by the Agence France-Presse states that:

“Three blasts hit the city of Maiduguri in northeast Nigeria on Tuesday killing a number of people, locals and the Red Cross said. The "huge explosions" happened in the Ajilari Cross area of the city, which has been targeted by similar attacks twice in the last month, including on September 20 when at least 117 were killed” (Agence France-Presse (13 October 2015) Deadly explosions rock Maiduguri, NE Nigeria).

In October 2015 a document released by the Agence France-Presse notes that:

“Two bomb blasts ripped through mosques in northeast Nigeria on Friday, killing at least 55 people and injuring more than 100, as Boko Haram fighters briefly seized a town in neighbouring Cameroon. The attacks in Maiduguri, Yola and the Cameroonian town of Kerawa again underlined the persistent national and regional threat from the Islamist militants, despite military claims of gains. Fears will be heightened particularly in Maiduguri, which has been hit six times this month, with a total of 76 people killed, according to an AFP tally” (Agence France-Presse (23 October 2015) Mosque blasts kill 55 in NE Nigeria).

A report published in December 2015 by the United Nations Security Council notes that:

“On 23 October, 45 worshippers were killed as a result of suicide attacks on mosques in Maiduguri, Borno State, and in Yola, Adamawa State” (United Nations Security Council (22 December 2015) Report of the Secretary-General on the activities of the United Nations Office for West Africa, p.5).

A report issued in November 2015 by Human Rights Watch states:

“Last week, three consecutive suicide bombs bearing the hallmarks of the extremist Islamist group Boko Haram killed 55 people in Yola, Kano, and Maiduguri in Nigeria” (Human Rights Watch (24 November 2015) Dispatches: Ensure Basic Rights for Boko Haram’s Victims).

In December 2015 a document issued by the Nigeria Stability and Reconciliation Programme commenting on November 2015 states:

“In Maiduguri, a female suicide bomber disguised as an Internally Displaced Person (IDP) is reported to have detonated a bomb amongst women and children at a checkpoint killing eight persons and injuring several others” (Nigeria Stability and Reconciliation Programme (9 December 2015) Conflict Briefing Note for November 2015).

In December 2015 Voice of America states in a report that:

“Suspected Islamic militants attacked two cities in northern Nigeria Monday with multiple suicide bombings, grenades, and gunfire, killing at least 50 people. The first blast Monday took place at a mosque on the outskirts of Maiduguri. Officials say at least 20 people died in the attack by suspected Boko Haram militants, with more than 90 wounded. In another attack in Maiduguri, suicide bombers blew themselves up in the Buraburin neighborhood, killing several people. In the town of Madagali, about 150 kilometers from Maiduguri, officials said two female suicide bombers killed at least 30 people in twin blasts in a city market. The violence comes one day after suspected Boko Haram militants launched new attacks on Maiduguri, drawing army fighters into gun battles. Reports said many civilians were caught in the cross-fire” (Voice of America (28 December 2015) Militant Attacks in Nigeria Kill at Least 50).

A publication released in January 2016 by the Armed Conflict Location and Event Data Project states:

“The majority of violent events in December remained clustered in the northeast, specifically in Borno state (see Figure 9), with Boko Haram remaining the single most prominent actor in instances of battles and violence against civilians. Notable instances of violence against civilians carried out by the group included several suicide bombings which took place in and around Maiduguri on 24, 27 and 28 December, killing more than 60 civilians” (Armed Conflict Location and Event Data Project (21 January 2016) Conflict Trends (No. 45): Real-Time Analysis of African Political Violence, January 2016 [Nigeria excerpt]).

In March 2016 BBC News states:

“Two female suicide bombers have attacked a mosque in the north-eastern Nigerian city of Maiduguri, killing 22 worshippers, the army says” (BBC News (16 March 2016) Nigeria mosque hit by Maiduguri suicide bombers).

The United Nations News Service in March 2016 notes that:

“United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon has condemned yesterday's double suicide attacks in Maiduguri in Nigeria's restive Borno state by suspected Boko Haram elements, which left 20 people dead and many injured. In a statement issued by his spokesperson, Mr. Ban extended his heartfelt condolences to the families of the victims and wishes a speedy recovery to those injured in the attack. According to media reports, two dozen people were killed and nearly that many were injured after an attack by two suicide bombers on a mosque on the outskirts of Maiduguri in north- east Nigeria” (United Nations News Service (17 March 2016) UN chief condemns double suicide bombing in north-east Nigeria).

In April 2016 the Jamestown Foundation states in a report an

“…attempted attack on Maiduguri, in which five female suicide bombers were thwarted by a vigilante group…” (Jamestown Foundation (15 April 2016) Boko Haram: Nigerian Military Crackdown Prompts Terror Group to Adapt).

A report issued in May 2016 by the Agence France-Presse notes that:

“At least two people were killed in an explosion outside government offices in the northeast Nigerian city of Maiduguri on Thursday…The Boko Haram Islamist group was founded in Maiduguri in 2002 and the city has been repeatedly attacked since the insurgency turned violent in 2009. But a relative calm has returned to the city in recent months as a military counter-insurgency makes apparent gains against rebel strongholds across the northeast. The last successful attack in Maiduguri was a double suicide bombing by two women at a mosque in Molai, on the outskirts of the city, in March in which 22 people were killed and 35 injured” (Agence France-Presse (12 May 2016) Blast in Maiduguri, NE Nigeria, kills two: hospital, residents).

Information on Boko Haram bombing houses on Bama Road between January 2015 & July 2016;

In August 2015 Vanguard states:

“Suspected members of Boko Haram sect last Saturday [1 August] evening invaded Malari village of Konduga Local Government Area of Borno State, killing scores of residents after setting ablaze houses. The insurgents, according to sources, also looted food items and loaded same into some vehicles they snatched from the villagers before they fled into Sambisa forest. Malari village borders some parts of Sambisa forest, a fortified camp of terrorists and about 20 kilometres away from Maiduguri, the state capital. The incident, according to security source, came at a time troops had been combing some strategic points of Sambisa to confront terrorists in their hideouts. Fleeing residents of Malari village told Vanguard that the insurgents were not many as they came into the community with three motorcycles fully armed with AK47 rifles and petrol bombs, shoot at anyone on sight. Sources in Maiduguri, particularly those who reside along Tashan Bama road and University of Maiduguri, said on Sunday morning that they saw many military patrol vehicles conveying the dead and the injured ones to undisclosed hospitals in Maiduguri” (Vanguard (3 August 2015) Suspected Boko Haram militants attack village in Nigeria's Borno State).

A document issued in October 2015 by the Agence France Presse points out that:

“Multiple explosions were heard Sunday on the outskirts of Maiduguri, a city in northeastern Nigeria that has repeatedly been attacked by Boko Haram jihadists, locals said. They said loud explosions were heard from the areas of Kayamla and Dalori, three days after the insurgents attacked Maiduguri, leaving 10 dead and many more injured. "The sound of bomb explosions is being heard from Kayamla and Dalori along Bama Road since around 7:00 am today," said Kursi Yusuf, an employee at the nearby University of Maiduguri” (Agence France Presse (4 October 2015) Multiple blasts heard near NE Nigeria's Maiduguri).

The National Mirror in April 2016 states:

“Acting General Officer Commanding, GOC, 7 Division, Nigerian Army, Maiduguri, Borno State, Brig-Gen. Victor Ezugwu, yesterday escaped being killed by Boko Haram insurgents in an ambush along Bama road. However, a soldier in his convoy was killed and two others severely injured by the insurgents” (National Mirror (20 April 2016) B'Haram kills soldier as GOC escapes death in ambush).

No further information on this issue could be found among sources available to the RDC.

Information on treatment of those who have recently returned to the Bama Road district by Boko Haram;

A paper issued by the UNHCR in May 2016 notes:

“Some areas in the outskirts of Maiduguri are relatively safe for humanitarian interventions, although security incidents including bombings and infiltration of Boko Haram requires a certain degree of caution in conducting protection activities. Presently, strict military escort is required to access liberated areas” (UNHCR (25 May 2016) Rapid Protection Assessment Report Borno State, Nigeria - May 2016, p.16).

No further information on this issue could be found among sources available to the RDC.

Is Bama Road located in a government or residential district of Maiduguri

An article published in June 2012 about Boko Haram in Maiduguri by the Guardian mentions the:

“…Bama road Government Reservation Area…” (The Guardian (17 June 2012) Suspected gunmen kill Nigerian policeman, resident in Borno State).

A report issued in October 2012 by the Agence France Presse states:

“An explosive device went off Sunday on a main road in Nigeria's northeastern city of Maiduguri, days after a similar attack targeting troops in the stronghold of Boko Haram Islamists. The blast at 10:15 am (0915 GMT) on Maiduguri's Bama Road involved an improvised explosive device and caused no casualties, said Lieutenant Colonel Sagir Musa, spokesman for a joint military taskforce. "There was a blast along Bama road....A resident identified as Haruna told AFP that a military patrol was the target and that soldiers began indiscriminately firing their weapons after the explosion, causing locals to flee. Earlier this week, residents claimed as many as 30 people were killed during a rampage by soldiers after a bomb attack in the same area of Maiduguri” (Agence France Presse (14 October 2012) Blast strikes near military patrol in northern Nigeria).

In September 2014 the Daily Independent states:

“…residents of Maiduguri, along Bama road…” (Daily Independent (1 September 2014) Nigeria: Army Repels Boko Haram Attack On Bama).

In January 2016 the Sunday Trust notes:

“Heavy gunshots and explosions were heard last night as armed men believed to be Boko Haram insurgents attacked Dalori village, located on the outskirts of Maiduguri, the Borno State capital. Residents of the area along Bama road and students living in 202 Estate, opposite the University of Maiduguri, fled their homes while shops around the area shut down” (Sunday Trust (31 January 2016) Boko Haram attacks Borno village).

No further information on this issue could be found among sources available to the RDC.

A map issued in May 2016 by the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs depicts Maiduguri and surrounding areas (United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (28 May 2016) Nigeria: Maiduguri City Map and Surrounds (May 2016)).

References

Agence France-Presse (12 May 2016) Blast in Maiduguri, NE Nigeria, kills two: hospital, residents http://reliefweb.int/report/nigeria/blast-maiduguri-ne-nigeria-kills-two-hospital- residents Accessed Wednesday 6 July 2016

Agence France-Presse (23 October 2015) Mosque blasts kill 55 in NE Nigeria http://reliefweb.int/report/nigeria/mosque-blasts-kill-55-ne-nigeria Accessed Wednesday 6 July 2016

Agence France-Presse (13 October 2015) Deadly explosions rock Maiduguri, NE Nigeria http://reliefweb.int/report/nigeria/deadly-explosions-rock-maiduguri-ne-nigeria Accessed Wednesday 6 July 2016

Agence France Presse (4 October 2015) Multiple blasts heard near NE Nigeria's Maiduguri http://www.lexisnexis.com/uk/legal/results/docview/docview.do?docLinkInd=true&risb =21_T24333557021&format=GNBFULL&sort=BOOLEAN&startDocNo=1&resultsUrl Key=29_T24333557025&cisb=22_T24333557024&treeMax=true&treeWidth=0&csi= 10903&docNo=8 This is a subscription database Accessed Wednesday 6 July 2016

Agence France-Presse (1 October 2015) Blasts hit Maiduguri, NE Nigeria: witnesses, police http://reliefweb.int/report/nigeria/blasts-hit-maiduguri-ne-nigeria-witnesses-police Accessed Wednesday 6 July 2016

Agence France-Presse (13 July 2015) Suicide attack at checkpoint in Nigeria's Maiduguri kills four http://reliefweb.int/report/nigeria/suicide-attack-checkpoint-nigerias-maiduguri Accessed Wednesday 6 July 2016

Agence France-Presse (22 June 2015) Female suicide bomber kills 20 in Nigeria city of Maiduguri http://reliefweb.int/report/nigeria/female-suicide-bomber-kills-20-nigeria-city- maiduguri Accessed Wednesday 6 July 2016

Agence France-Presse (4 June 2015) Death toll rises to 18 in Maiduguri, NE Nigeria blast http://reliefweb.int/report/nigeria/death-toll-rises-18-maiduguri-ne-nigeria-blast Accessed Thursday 7 July 2016

Agence France-Presse (15 May 2015) At least 55 killed in Boko Haram raids on two Nigerian villages: residents http://reliefweb.int/report/nigeria/least-55-killed-boko-haram-raids-two-nigerian- villages-residents Accessed Thursday 7 July 2016

Agence France-Presse (10 March 2015) Boko Haram hits Maiduguri again as Nigeria dismisses IS link http://reliefweb.int/report/nigeria/boko-haram-hits-maiduguri-again-nigeria-dismisses- link Accessed Thursday 7 July 2016

Agence France-Presse (7 March 2015) Boko Haram pledges allegiance to IS group after carnage in Maiduguri http://reliefweb.int/report/nigeria/three-bombings-blamed-boko-haram-kill-47-ne- nigeria Accessed Thursday 7 July 2016

Agence France-Presse (2 February 2015) Nigerian army repels fresh Boko Haram assault on key city http://reliefweb.int/report/nigeria/nigerian-army-repels-fresh-boko-haram-assault-key- city Accessed Thursday 7 July 2016

Agence France Presse (14 October 2012) Blast strikes near military patrol in northern Nigeria http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/International/2012/Oct-14/191372-blast-strikes- near-military-patrol-in-northern-nigeria.ashx Accessed Thursday 7 July 2016

Amnesty International (24 September 2015) Nigeria: Boko Haram: Bombing campaign sees civilian deaths spiral https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/afr44/2498/2015/en/ Accessed Tuesday 5 July 2016

Amnesty International (13 April 2015) 'Our job is to shoot, slaughter and kill': Boko Haram's reign of terror in north east Nigeria http://www.ein.org.uk/members/country-report/our-job-shoot-slaughter-and-kill-boko- harams-reign-terror-north-east-nigeria This is a subscription database Accessed Wednesday 6 July 2016

Amnesty International (25 January 2015) Boko Haram attack on Maiduguri: hundreds of thousands of civilians at grave risk https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2015/01/boko-haram-attack-maiduguri- hundreds-thousands-civilians-grave-risk/ Accessed Tuesday 5 July 2016

Armed Conflict Location and Event Data Project (21 January 2016) Conflict Trends (No. 45): Real-Time Analysis of African Political Violence, January 2016 [Nigeria excerpt] http://www.ein.org.uk/members/country-report/conflict-trends-no-45-real-time- analysis-african-political-violence-january-2 This is a subscription database Accessed Wednesday 6 July 2016

BBC News (30 May 2015) Nigeria violence: Militants kill 29 in Maiduguri http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-32944054 Accessed Tuesday 5 July 2016

BBC News (16 March 2016) Nigeria mosque hit by Maiduguri suicide bombers http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-35820533 Accessed Tuesday 5 July 2016

Daily Independent (1 September 2014) Nigeria: Army Repels Boko Haram Attack On Bama http://allafrica.com/stories/201409020159.html This is a subscription database Accessed Thursday 7 July 2016

The Guardian (17 June 2012) Suspected gunmen kill Nigerian policeman, resident in Borno State http://www.lexisnexis.com/uk/legal/results/docview/docview.do?docLinkInd=true&risb =21_T24338553489&format=GNBFULL&sort=BOOLEAN&startDocNo=1&resultsUrl Key=29_T24338553493&cisb=22_T24338553492&treeMax=true&treeWidth=0&csi= 10962&docNo=21 This is a subscription database Accessed Thursday 7 July 2016

Human Rights Watch (24 November 2015) Dispatches: Ensure Basic Rights for Boko Haram’s Victims https://www.hrw.org/news/2015/11/24/dispatches-ensure-basic-rights-boko-harams- victims Accessed Tuesday 5 July 2016

Human Rights Watch (10 June 2015) Anatomy of a Boko Haram https://www.hrw.org/news/2015/06/10/anatomy-boko-haram-massacre Accessed Tuesday 5 July 2016

Jamestown Foundation (15 April 2016) Boko Haram: Nigerian Military Crackdown Prompts Terror Group to Adapt http://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=printdoc&docid=5724dcb94 Accessed Wednesday 6 July 2016

Jamestown Foundation (2 October 2015) Victory Over Boko Haram Continues to Elude Nigeria http://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=printdoc&docid=561766284 Accessed Wednesday 6 July 2016

National Mirror (20 April 2016) B'Haram kills soldier as GOC escapes death in ambush http://www.lexisnexis.com/uk/legal/results/docview/docview.do?docLinkInd=true&risb =21_T24333557021&format=GNBFULL&sort=BOOLEAN&startDocNo=1&resultsUrl Key=29_T24333557025&cisb=22_T24333557024&treeMax=true&treeWidth=0&csi= 431924&docNo=2 This is a subscription database Accessed Wednesday 6 July 2016

Nigeria Stability and Reconciliation Programme (9 December 2015) Conflict Briefing Note for November 2015 http://www.ein.org.uk/members/country-report/conflict-briefing-note-november-2015 This is a subscription database Accessed Wednesday 6 July 2016

Nigeria Stability and Reconciliation Programme (10 August 2015) Conflict Briefing Note for July 2015 http://www.ein.org.uk/members/country-report/conflict-briefing-note-july-2015 This is a subscription database Accessed Wednesday 6 July 2016

Sunday Trust (31 January 2016) Boko Haram attacks Borno village http://www.lexisnexis.com/uk/legal/results/docview/docview.do?docLinkInd=true&risb =21_T24333557021&format=GNBFULL&sort=BOOLEAN&startDocNo=1&resultsUrl Key=29_T24333557025&cisb=22_T24333557024&treeMax=true&treeWidth=0&csi= 416518&docNo=6 This is a subscription database Accessed Wednesday 6 July 2016

United Kingdom Home Office (June 2015) Nigeria: Fear of Boko Haram https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/nigeria-country-information-and- guidance Accessed Tuesday 5 July 2016

UNHCR (25 May 2016) Rapid Protection Assessment Report Borno State, Nigeria - May 2016 http://reliefweb.int/report/nigeria/rapid-protection-assessment-report-borno-state- nigeria-may-2016 Attachment not included due to IT limitations Accessed Wednesday 6 July 2016

UNHCR (29 May 2015) Nigeria Situation: UNHCR Regional Update N°10 (23-29 May 2015) http://www.refworld.org/docid/558132b64.html Accessed Wednesday 6 July 2016

United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (28 May 2016) Nigeria: Maiduguri City Map and Surrounds (May 2016) http://reliefweb.int/map/nigeria/nigeria-maiduguri-city-map-and-surrounds-may-2016 Attachment not included due to IT limitations Accessed Wednesday 6 July 2016

United Nations News Service (17 March 2016) UN chief condemns double suicide bombing in north-east Nigeria http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=53467#.V3y9k9ROPK4 Accessed Wednesday 6 July 2016

United Nations News Service (4 October 2015) Boko Haram violence an 'affront to humanity,' Ban declares, reaffirms UN support to Nigerian Government http://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=printdoc&docid=561222f240c Accessed Wednesday 6 July 2016

United Nations Security Council (22 December 2015) Report of the Secretary- General on the activities of the United Nations Office for West Africa http://www.refworld.org/docid/568fd65a4.html Accessed Wednesday 6 July 2016

United States Department of State (2 June 2016) Country Reports on Terrorism 2015: Nigeria http://www.ein.org.uk/members/country-report/country-reports-terrorism-2015-nigeria This is a subscription database Accessed Wednesday 6 July 2016

United States Department of State (13 April 2016) 2015 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices – Nigeria http://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?page=printdoc&docid=5716122a15 Accessed Tuesday 5 July 2016

Vanguard (3 August 2015) Suspected Boko Haram militants attack village in Nigeria's Borno State https://monitoring.bbc.co.uk/#/product/80315686 This is a subscription database Accessed Wednesday 6 July 2016

Voice of America (28 December 2015) Militant Attacks in Nigeria Kill at Least 50 http://www.ein.org.uk/members/country-report/militant-attacks-nigeria-kill-least-50 This is a subscription database Accessed Wednesday 6 July 2016

Voice of America (21 September 2015) Up to 100 Dead in Maiduguri Blasts http://www.ein.org.uk/members/country-report/100-dead-maiduguri-blasts This is a subscription database Accessed Wednesday 6 July 2016

This response was prepared after researching publicly accessible information currently available to the Refugee Documentation Centre within time constraints. This response is not and does not purport to be conclusive as to the merit of any particular claim to refugee status or asylum. Please read in full all documents referred to.

Sources Consulted

Amnesty International BBC News Electronic Immigration Network European Country of Origin Information Network Freedom House Google Human Rights Watch Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre International Crisis Group IRIN News Lexis Nexis Minority Rights Group International Online Newspapers Refugee Documentation Centre E-Library Refugee Documentation Centre Query Database Reliefweb Reuters United Kingdom Home Office United States Department of State UNHCR Refworld