Poster List for the 2021 BRAIN Initiative Investigators Meeting
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The Creation of Neuroscience
The Creation of Neuroscience The Society for Neuroscience and the Quest for Disciplinary Unity 1969-1995 Introduction rom the molecular biology of a single neuron to the breathtakingly complex circuitry of the entire human nervous system, our understanding of the brain and how it works has undergone radical F changes over the past century. These advances have brought us tantalizingly closer to genu- inely mechanistic and scientifically rigorous explanations of how the brain’s roughly 100 billion neurons, interacting through trillions of synaptic connections, function both as single units and as larger ensem- bles. The professional field of neuroscience, in keeping pace with these important scientific develop- ments, has dramatically reshaped the organization of biological sciences across the globe over the last 50 years. Much like physics during its dominant era in the 1950s and 1960s, neuroscience has become the leading scientific discipline with regard to funding, numbers of scientists, and numbers of trainees. Furthermore, neuroscience as fact, explanation, and myth has just as dramatically redrawn our cultural landscape and redefined how Western popular culture understands who we are as individuals. In the 1950s, especially in the United States, Freud and his successors stood at the center of all cultural expla- nations for psychological suffering. In the new millennium, we perceive such suffering as erupting no longer from a repressed unconscious but, instead, from a pathophysiology rooted in and caused by brain abnormalities and dysfunctions. Indeed, the normal as well as the pathological have become thoroughly neurobiological in the last several decades. In the process, entirely new vistas have opened up in fields ranging from neuroeconomics and neurophilosophy to consumer products, as exemplified by an entire line of soft drinks advertised as offering “neuro” benefits. -
BRAIN Neuroethics Working Group Meeting
Brain Research through Advancing Innovative Neurotechnologies® (BRAIN) Neuroethics Working Group (NEWG) Meeting January 26th, 2021 On January 26th, 2021, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Brain Research through Advancing Innovative Neurotechnologies® (BRAIN) Initiative Neuroethics Working Group (NEWG) met virtually to discuss emerging ethics themes in the BRAIN portfolio and potential future workshop topics, and revisited neuroethics themes in the BRAIN 2.0 reports. In opening remarks, John Ngai, PhD, Director of the NIH BRAIN Initiative, emphasized the importance of continuing to work towards equity, in general and in the neuroethics space. He also reminded participants of the joint session with the Multi-Council Working Group (MCWG) and NEWG, which took place the following day. Next, Saskia Hendriks, MD, PhD, Faculty in the NIH Bioethics Department and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) Neuroethics Consultant, presented key findings from an analysis on emerging neuroethical considerations in BRAIN grants awarded during fiscal year 2020. Dr. Hendriks summarized 12 themes identified by the analysis, which fell into two broad groups of potential ethical challenges: conducting research ethically; and the implications of research, tools, and technologies on individuals, groups, and society. The NEWG valued these findings, recognizing that the themes were consistent with concurrent discussions of neuroethics priorities for BRAIN. Participants also considered increasing funding opportunity outreach efforts to neuroscientists interested in partnering with neuroethicists. Further, the group acknowledged the need to raise awareness about the value of integrating neuroethics into neuroscience research, potentially by hosting a workshop on identifying ways to facilitate this integration. Henry (Hank) T. Greely, JD, Director of Law and Biosciences at Stanford University and co-chair of the NEWG, led a discussion on potential future NEWG workshop topics for the next phase of the NIH BRAIN Initiative. -
Local Field Potential Decoding of the Onset and Intensity of Acute Pain In
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Local feld potential decoding of the onset and intensity of acute pain in rats Received: 25 January 2018 Qiaosheng Zhang1, Zhengdong Xiao2,3, Conan Huang1, Sile Hu2,3, Prathamesh Kulkarni1,3, Accepted: 8 May 2018 Erik Martinez1, Ai Phuong Tong1, Arpan Garg1, Haocheng Zhou1, Zhe Chen 3,4 & Jing Wang1,4 Published: xx xx xxxx Pain is a complex sensory and afective experience. The current defnition for pain relies on verbal reports in clinical settings and behavioral assays in animal models. These defnitions can be subjective and do not take into consideration signals in the neural system. Local feld potentials (LFPs) represent summed electrical currents from multiple neurons in a defned brain area. Although single neuronal spike activity has been shown to modulate the acute pain, it is not yet clear how ensemble activities in the form of LFPs can be used to decode the precise timing and intensity of pain. The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is known to play a role in the afective-aversive component of pain in human and animal studies. Few studies, however, have examined how neural activities in the ACC can be used to interpret or predict acute noxious inputs. Here, we recorded in vivo extracellular activity in the ACC from freely behaving rats after stimulus with non-noxious, low-intensity noxious, and high-intensity noxious stimuli, both in the absence and chronic pain. Using a supervised machine learning classifer with selected LFP features, we predicted the intensity and the onset of acute nociceptive signals with high degree of precision. -
Improving Whole-Brain Neural Decoding of Fmri with Domain Adaptation
This is a repository copy of Improving whole-brain neural decoding of fMRI with domain adaptation. White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/136411/ Version: Submitted Version Article: Zhou, S., Cox, C. and Lu, H. orcid.org/0000-0002-0349-2181 (Submitted: 2018) Improving whole-brain neural decoding of fMRI with domain adaptation. bioRxiv. (Submitted) https://doi.org/10.1101/375030 © 2018 The Author(s). For reuse permissions, please contact the Author(s). Reuse Items deposited in White Rose Research Online are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved unless indicated otherwise. They may be downloaded and/or printed for private study, or other acts as permitted by national copyright laws. The publisher or other rights holders may allow further reproduction and re-use of the full text version. This is indicated by the licence information on the White Rose Research Online record for the item. Takedown If you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing [email protected] including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. [email protected] https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/ Improving Whole-Brain Neural Decoding of fMRI with Domain Adaptation Shuo Zhoua, Christopher R. Coxb,c, Haiping Lua,d,∗ aDepartment of Computer Science, the University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK bSchool of Biological Sciences, the University of Manchester, Manchester, UK cDepartment of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA dSheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, Sheffield, UK Abstract In neural decoding, there has been a growing interest in machine learning on whole-brain functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). -
Obama Administration Proposes Over $434 Million in Funding for the BRAIN Initiative
Obama Administration Proposes Over $434 Million in Funding for the BRAIN Initiative “Last year, I launched the BRAIN Initiative to help unlock the mysteries of the brain, to improve our treatment of conditions like Alzheimer’s and autism and to deepen our understanding of how we think, learn and remember. I’m pleased to announce new steps that my Administration is taking to support this critical research, and I’m heartened to see so many private, philanthropic, and academic institutions joining this effort.” - President Barack Obama September 2014 Since its launch in April 2013, the President’s BRAIN Initiative® - Brain Research through Advancing Innovative Neurotechnologies – has grown to include investments from five Federal agencies: the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the National Science Foundation (NSF), Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA), and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Federal agencies are supporting the initiative by investing in promising research projects aimed at revolutionizing our understanding of the human brain, developing novel technologies, and supporting further research and development in neurotechnology. The President’s 2017 Budget also proposes funding for the Department of Energy (DOE) to join DARPA, NIH, NSF, IARPA, and FDA in advancing the goals of the BRAIN Initiative. Major foundations, private research institutions, and companies including the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Allen Institute for Brain Science, the Kavli Foundation, the Simons Foundation, GE, GlaxoSmithKline, as well as patient advocacy organizations and universities, have committed over $500 million to the BRAIN Initiative. There are many opportunities for others across sectors to play a role in this historic initiative through new and expanded commitments to advance the BRAIN Initiative. -
One Page BRAIN Initiative Overview 2018
® The BRAIN Initiative Over the past 25 years, the burden of At a glance... neurological disorders has increased sub- stantially. This increase, combined with the Launched in 2013, the NIH BRAIN Initia- growing burden of mental and substance tive is revealing how the brain works, by use disorders, reinforces the need for new developing and applying tools to precise- ways to intervene and deepen our ly map and observe brain circuits. st knowledge of the brain. The 21 Century Cures Act provides NIH Not enough is known about the billions of BRAIN Initiative funding through 2026. brain cells—that communicate via trillions NIH has invested over $950 million in the of synapses to make up the circuitry—that BRAIN Initiative, supporting over 550 enable us to perceive, think, feel, and act. new awards. The Brain Research through Advancing Innovative Neurotechnologies (BRAIN)® Ten NIH Institutes and Centers partici- Initiativewww.braininitiative.org ( ) sup- pate in the NIH BRAIN Initiative. ports research to develop and use extra- The BRAIN Initiative Alliance communi- ordinary new technologies that will revolu- cates BRAIN Initiative activities of Federal tionize our understanding of the brain. agencies and private organizations. 12-Year Scientific Vision • Seven priority areas outline the Initiative: • The BRAIN Multi-Council Working Group (MCWG) helps NIH to track the Initiative and assists with Discovering diversity: Identify different brain informing Advisory Councils of the Institutes and cell types and determine their roles in health Centers that contribute to the NIH BRAIN Initiative. and disease. • The BRAIN Neuroethics Working Group (NEWG) Maps at multiple scales: Generate circuit considers ethical implications arising from the diagrams that vary in resolution from synapses development and use of BRAIN neurotechnologies to the whole brain. -
UNDERSTANDING the BRAIN (Utb) $143,930,000 +$37,490,000 / 35.2%
UNDERSTANDING THE BRAIN (UtB) $143,930,000 +$37,490,000 / 35.2% Overview Understanding the Brain (UtB) is a multi-year effort that continues the previously titled “Cognitive Science and Neuroscience” activity and that includes NSF’s participation in the Administration’s Brain Research through Advancing Innovative Neurotechnologies (BRAIN) Initiative. For over three decades, NSF has supported fundamental brain research from molecules to cognition and behavior, and enabled technology development, through many disciplinary programs spread across the Foundation. In 2012, Congress encouraged NSF to create a cross-foundation activity in Cognitive Science and Neuroscience, and also encouraged the White House to form an Interagency Working Group on Neuroscience (IWGN) under the National Science and Technology Council, which is co-chaired by NSF. In FY 2013, the President announced the multi-agency BRAIN Initiative, with NSF as one of the lead participating agencies. The Understanding the Brain activity draws together and consolidates NSF’s ongoing activities in Cognitive Science and Neuroscience and the BRAIN Initiative. With UtB, NSF aims to leverage its existing investments and foster greater collaboration among these research and technology disciplines to accelerate fundamental discoveries in neuroscience, cognitive science, and neuroengineering. Understanding the brain is one of the grand scientific challenges at the intersection of the physical, life, behavioral, and engineering sciences. The National Research Council report, “Research at the Intersection of the Physical and Life Sciences” (2010), identified “Understanding the Brain” as one of the top five grand challenges for research that will significantly benefit society. The National Academy of Engineering has also recognized “Reverse-Engineering the Brain” as a Grand Challenge for Engineering (2008). -
Deep Learning Approaches for Neural Decoding: from Cnns to Lstms and Spikes to Fmri
Deep learning approaches for neural decoding: from CNNs to LSTMs and spikes to fMRI Jesse A. Livezey1,2,* and Joshua I. Glaser3,4,5,* [email protected], [email protected] *equal contribution 1Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, United States 2Redwood Center for Theoretical Neuroscience, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States 3Department of Statistics, Columbia University, New York, United States 4Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, United States 5Center for Theoretical Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, United States May 21, 2020 Abstract Decoding behavior, perception, or cognitive state directly from neural signals has applications in brain-computer interface research as well as implications for systems neuroscience. In the last decade, deep learning has become the state-of-the-art method in many machine learning tasks ranging from speech recognition to image segmentation. The success of deep networks in other domains has led to a new wave of applications in neuroscience. In this article, we review deep learning approaches to neural decoding. We describe the architectures used for extracting useful features from neural recording modalities ranging from spikes to EEG. Furthermore, we explore how deep learning has been leveraged to predict common outputs including movement, speech, and vision, with a focus on how pretrained deep networks can be incorporated as priors for complex decoding targets like acoustic speech or images. Deep learning has been shown to be a useful tool for improving the accuracy and flexibility of neural decoding across a wide range of tasks, and we point out areas for future scientific development. -
Neural Decoding of Collective Wisdom with Multi-Brain Computing
NeuroImage 59 (2012) 94–108 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect NeuroImage journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ynimg Review Neural decoding of collective wisdom with multi-brain computing Miguel P. Eckstein a,b,⁎, Koel Das a,b, Binh T. Pham a, Matthew F. Peterson a, Craig K. Abbey a, Jocelyn L. Sy a, Barry Giesbrecht a,b a Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93101, USA b Institute for Collaborative Biotechnologies, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93101, USA article info abstract Article history: Group decisions and even aggregation of multiple opinions lead to greater decision accuracy, a phenomenon Received 7 April 2011 known as collective wisdom. Little is known about the neural basis of collective wisdom and whether its Revised 27 June 2011 benefits arise in late decision stages or in early sensory coding. Here, we use electroencephalography and Accepted 4 July 2011 multi-brain computing with twenty humans making perceptual decisions to show that combining neural Available online 14 July 2011 activity across brains increases decision accuracy paralleling the improvements shown by aggregating the observers' opinions. Although the largest gains result from an optimal linear combination of neural decision Keywords: Multi-brain computing variables across brains, a simpler neural majority decision rule, ubiquitous in human behavior, results in Collective wisdom substantial benefits. In contrast, an extreme neural response rule, akin to a group following the most extreme Neural decoding opinion, results in the least improvement with group size. Analyses controlling for number of electrodes and Perceptual decisions time-points while increasing number of brains demonstrate unique benefits arising from integrating neural Group decisions activity across different brains. -
Agenda Final
Neuron Types in the Hippocampal Formation th Sunday, November 11 3:00 pm Check-in 6:00 pm Reception (Lobby) 7:00 pm Dinner 8:00 pm Session 1: Open Questions for Progress Plenary discussion led by the organizers 9:00 pm Refreshments available at Bob’s Pub NOTE: Meals are in the Dining Room Talks are in the Seminar Room Posters are in the Lobby Updated 10/24/12 Neuron Types in the Hippocampal Formation Monday, November 12th 7:30 am Breakfast (service ends at 8:45 am) 9:00 am Session 2: Diversity and Integration Chair: Giorgio Ascoli 9:00 am Peter Somogyi, Medical Research Council (MRC) Interneuron identity and hippocampal temporal network dynamics 9:25 am Junghyup Suh, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Selective transgenic and pharmacogenetic manipulation of the entorhinal cortex inputs to hippocampal CA1 during fear memory formation and retrieval 9:50 am Ivan Soltesz, University of California, Irvine Cell-type specific regulation of interneuronal microcircuits 10:15 am Break 10:45 am Session 3: Synaptic Signals Chair: Alex Thomson 10:45 am Norbert Hájos, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungary Distinct input-output properties of anatomically identified interneurons during sharp wave-ripple oscillations in hippocampal slices 11:10 am Serena M. Dudek, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/NIH What's new in hippocampal CA2? 11:35 am Marco Capogna, Medical Research Council (MRC) Theta network oscillations: Focus on GABAergic cells of amygdala 12:00 pm Istvan Mody, University of California, Los Angeles Super-resolution -
The Brain That Changes Itself
The Brain That Changes Itself Stories of Personal Triumph from the Frontiers of Brain Science NORMAN DOIDGE, M.D. For Eugene L. Goldberg, M.D., because you said you might like to read it Contents 1 A Woman Perpetually Falling . Rescued by the Man Who Discovered the Plasticity of Our Senses 2 Building Herself a Better Brain A Woman Labeled "Retarded" Discovers How to Heal Herself 3 Redesigning the Brain A Scientist Changes Brains to Sharpen Perception and Memory, Increase Speed of Thought, and Heal Learning Problems 4 Acquiring Tastes and Loves What Neuroplasticity Teaches Us About Sexual Attraction and Love 5 Midnight Resurrections Stroke Victims Learn to Move and Speak Again 6 Brain Lock Unlocked Using Plasticity to Stop Worries, OPsessions, Compulsions, and Bad Habits 7 Pain The Dark Side of Plasticity 8 Imagination How Thinking Makes It So 9 Turning Our Ghosts into Ancestors Psychoanalysis as a Neuroplastic Therapy 10 Rejuvenation The Discovery of the Neuronal Stem Cell and Lessons for Preserving Our Brains 11 More than the Sum of Her Parts A Woman Shows Us How Radically Plastic the Brain Can Be Appendix 1 The Culturally Modified Brain Appendix 2 Plasticity and the Idea of Progress Note to the Reader All the names of people who have undergone neuroplastic transformations are real, except in the few places indicated, and in the cases of children and their families. The Notes and References section at the end of the book includes comments on both the chapters and the appendices. Preface This book is about the revolutionary discovery that the human brain can change itself, as told through the stories of the scientists, doctors, and patients who have together brought about these astonishing transformations. -
UNIVERSITY of MISSOURI HEALTH CARE Neurosciences Hello and Welcome to Neurosciences at University of Missouri Health Care
UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI HEALTH CARE Neurosciences Hello and welcome to Neurosciences at University of Missouri Health Care. We would like to take this opportunity to introduce you to our different programs and professionals, as well as highlight some of our team’s capabilities and accomplishments. Over the last several years, we have seen an increase in demand for care of patients with neurological disease — whether it be stroke, brain tumors, sleep, epilepsy, Parkinson’s Disease or another condition. As a result of these increases, our neurology and neurosurgery teams have worked together to build up existing programs; recruit new faculty, nurses and other staff; acquire new equipment and look for new approaches to improve patient access to care. Recently, our epilepsy program has been recertified as a Level IV Center – the highest rating available. Our stroke center has also been recertified as a Comprehensive Stroke Center. We now have three stroke neurologists and three endovascular providers to care for strokes, aneurysms and other vascular diseases of the brain, and new endovascular techniques are being incorporated into our armamentarium. For our patients with brain tumors, we’ve added a medical neuro-oncologist and intra-operative CT scanner, and we offer a number of clinical trials in addition to our advanced surgical procedures. Our neuroscience intensive care unit has also been expanded to 14 beds. As a part of an academic health system, we are committed to training the next generation of doctors. We offer residency programs in neurology and neurosurgery with medical students regularly rotating in on both services. We offer fellowship programs in neurocritical care, sleep medicine, clinical neurophysiology, stroke and neuroendovascular procedures.