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Introduction: 'Welcome to Your Worst Nightmare' 1 'The Past Catches Up

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Introduction: 'Welcome to Your Worst Nightmare' 1 'The Past Catches Up Notes Introduction: ‘Welcome to Your Worst Nightmare’ 1. Hostel tagline. 2. For Edelstein’s first use of the term, see Edelstein, 2005. 3. Lowenstein (2011) for example, has claimed that ‘“torture porn” does not exist’. 4. 2010 Entertainment One DVD release. 5. 2012 Left Films DVD release. 6. 2008 Film 2000 DVD release. 7. Director interview featurette (Martyrs 2009 Optimum Releasing DVD release). Further reference to any DVD commentaries or featurettes cited throughout the book will refer to release initially cited for each film. 8. For example, on Antichrist, see Tookey, 2009; Hunter, 2009; and on The Killer Inside Me see Phillips, 2010; Anna Smith, 2010. 1 ‘The Past Catches Up to Everyone’: Lineage and Nostalgia 1. Choose tagline. 2. Major International English language publications were searched via LexisNexis UK. The 45 films are: Antichrist, Captivity, The Collector, Deadgirl, The Devil’s Rejects, Donkey Punch, Dying Breed, Embodiment of Evil, The Final, Frontier(s), Funny Games, Grindhouse, The Hills Have Eyes, Hostel, Hostel: Part II, The Human Centipede, The Human Centipede II, I Know Who Killed Me, I Spit on Your Grave, Irreversible, The Last House on the Left, The Loved Ones, Martyrs, Meat Grinder, Mum and Dad, P2, Saw, Saw II, Saw III, Saw IV, Saw V, Saw VI, Saw 3D, Scar, A Serbian Film, Shadow, Switchblade Romance, The Texas Chainsaw Massacre, The Texas Chainsaw Massacre: The Beginning, Timber Falls, Turistas, Untraceable, Vacancy, Wolf Creek, Wrong Turn, and wΔz. 3. 39 had at least limited theatrical runs in the UK. 4. The Texas Chainsaw Massacre: The Beginning tagline. 5. See, for instance, DVD director commentaries by Aja (Switchblade Romance 2005 Optimum Releasing release); Ryan Nicholson (Live Feed 2008 Film 2000 release); and Dave Parker (The Hills Run Red 2009 Warner Home Video release). 6. Bryan in Carver. 7. There are some exceptions. While not as ‘innocent’ or ‘boyish’ as Clover’s Final Girl (1993: 40), Tammi in Donkey Punch, Jordan in Hunger, and Beth in Hostel: Part II are female torture porn protagonists who are clearly marked as exceptional and likely to out-survive their peers. 8. See the following DVD commentaries: Aja (Switchblade Romance); Dunstan (Saw 3D 2011 Lionsgate Home Entertainment release); Schmidt (Wrong Turn 2004 20th Century Fox release). 193 194 Notes 9. Shaun of the Dead (2004), Zombie Strippers! (2008), and Cockneys vs Zombies (2011) are just three examples of zom-edy films. 10. Gordon, 2009. 11. The same sentiment is echoed by Tom Long (2008) regarding Untraceable, and by Nathan Lee (2008) about Saw V. 12. Gatiss’s BBC series A History of Horror (2010), from which the quote is taken, covers no horror films beyond the late 1970s. 2 ‘Bend to Our Objectives’: ‘Torture Porn’ as Press Discourse 1. Riley in The Killing Room. 2. Nine Dead tagline. 3. It is worth clarifying that these certificates are not entirely equal, even if they carry similar connotations. PG-13 is distinguished from an R-rating in the same way the ‘15’ certificate is from ‘18’, the former in each pair being ‘soft’, the latter being ‘hard’. However, numerous R-rated torture-related films were allotted 15 certificates in the UK, including The Killing Room, Roadkill, and The Strangers. 4. Captivity tagline. 5. The figures were collated from LexisNexis UK, searching for ‘torture porn’ across all major world publications in English. The same search across all languages and all news sources yielded similar results: 599 articles in 2007; 746 articles in 2008; 685 articles in 2009; 658 articles in 2010; and 559 arti- cles in 2011. Usage peaks in 2007–9, and declines thereafter. 6. Although these ‘extreme’ versions are packaged to foster the impression that they are more violent, it is not always the case that they are signifi- cantly gorier than the theatrical cuts. For example, although the ‘unrated’ DVD version of The Texas Chainsaw Massacre: The Beginning is over five minutes longer than the R-rated theatrical release, only around 30 seconds of that restored footage portrays physical violence. The rest is constituted by extended dialogue sequences. 7. Elmer in Untraceable. 8. Cannibal Holocaust was released in the UK in 2001 with nearly six minutes of cuts. In 2011, the film was passed with only 15 seconds excised. 9. See Zombie in McClintock (2006), Berman (Borderland 2010 Momentum Pictures release DVD commentary), and Aja (The Hills Have Eyes 2006 20th Century Fox release DVD commentary). 10. Archie in Tortured. 3 ‘No-one Approves of What You’re Doing’: Fans and Filmmakers 1. Sylvie in 7 Days. 2. Alexa in The Hills Run Red. 3. A documentary about these filmmakers entitled The Splat Pack was released in 2011. Notes 195 4. Jerod Hollyfield (2009) also notes that ‘Hostel’s reception was atypically scathing’. 5. Indeed, in his director commentary for Hostel (2006 Sony Pictures DVD release), Roth admits that ‘it’s hard to shut [him] up’ when it comes to talking about horror. 6. Roth (Hostel: Part II 2007 Sony Pictures release DVD commentary). 7. Shankland (wΔz 2008 Entertainment One release DVD commentary). See also Laugier (Martyrs, interview featurette). 8. Blanks (Storm Warning 2008 Optimum release DVD commentary). Devi Snively’s short film I Spit on Eli Roth (2009) similarly singles out Roth. 9. Mason (Broken 2007 Revolver Entertainment release DVD commentary). Mason states he did not enjoy Saw, and jokes that someone should rape and torture whoever coined the term. While Laugier states that he ‘love[d] Hostel’, and was ‘influenced by’ it, he is quick to distance Martyrs from torture porn: ‘I don’t think my film bears any relation to Saw or Hostel. The films don’t have the same intention or the same style ... Martyrs was like an anti-Hostel’ (Martyrs interview featurette). 10. See the following DVD commentaries: Lynch (Wrong Turn 2 2007 20th Century Fox release); Smith (Creep 2005 Pathé Distribution release); Berman (Borderland). 11. The Tortured 2010 Entertainment One release ‘Behind the Scenes’ featurette. Zombie offers similar observations regarding The Devil’s Rejects (2005 Momentum Pictures release DVD commentary). 12. Shankland (wΔz DVD commentary) proffers that ‘unlike the usual project’ for such films (displaying ‘sadism or cruelty’), violence ‘reveals love’ in wΔz. Zombie states that violence should be uncomfortable to watch, because it is inherently disquieting (30 Days in Hell). 13. Roth (Hostel: Part II DVD commentary). 14. Roth (Hostel DVD commentary). 15. Bousman (Saw IV 2008 Lionsgate release DVD commentary). 16. Mum and Dad 2008 Revolver Entertainment release. 17. Ramon in Killing Words. 18. In order to gather information without imposing an agenda, already existing stand-alone discussions on horror community sites were consulted. I neither instigated nor intervened in discussions quoted here. The responses quoted are publically accessible, and users will only be identified by their on-screen usernames. 19. Users Gargus and Slates81 respectively (Miska, 2009). 20. See comments made by user Aoiookami regarding Hostel’s ‘weak premise’, and his or her acceptance of the label’s aptness in that case (N.a. 2009). Later in the conversation, Ash28M notes the pattern that ‘people who don’t like those films tend to like the term [“torture porn”]’. 21. User Ash28M (N.a. 2009). 22. User Thedevilyouknow (N.a. 2008d). 23. See user Itiparanoid13 and Napalmfuzz’s comments following Miska (2007). See also user DemonToSome’s comment (N.a. 2007c): ‘That name [“torture porn”] is to lure non horror fans in’. 24. Jacques in 5150 Elm Way. 196 Notes Part II Introduction 1. These ideas are expounded in full in Kant’s Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals and The Metaphysics of Morals. The summation that follows provides the essential ideas that will be drawn upon in Chapter 6. 2. Some may misread Kant’s (1998: 55) insistence that moral consciousness is a priori, for example, as proposing that individuals are slaves to moral imperatives. 3. The original The Texas Chainsaw Massacre’s redneck horror stereotypes regarding ‘inbred types doing ... dastardly things’ in the outback (Shocking Truth) is mimicked by more than thirty torture porn films. 4 ‘Your Story’s Real, and People Feel That’: Contextualising Torture 1. Joyce in Saw 3D. 2. Even Edelstein concurs that Hostel has a ‘political subtext’ (Johnson, 2007). 3. See, for example, Martin and Porter (1986: 60). Various scholars – including Gregory Currie (1995: 174–5) and Peter Hutchings (2004: 195–6) – have objected to those assumptions. 4. Brady, 2010a. 5. Other 9/11-torture porn parallels are offered by Wetmore (2012) and Rod Buxton (2011). 6. See Lynch (Wrong Turn 2 DVD commentary), Zombie (30 Days in Hell), and Berman (Borderland DVD commentary). 7. Inoue in Deathtube. 8. Penance, The Butcher, The Poughkeepsie Tapes, and The Great American Snuff Film are rare examples of ‘found footage’ torture porn films, which utilise a realist aesthetic. 9. A Serbian Film tagline. 10. Untraceable, I Know Who Killed Me, and Train are among the only torture porn films where a lead captive unambiguously defeats their captors without becoming a physical and emotional wreck. Thus, some moral resolution is provided in these films. That is not to say that such resolution is unproblem- atic: see the analysis of Untraceable in Chapter 5. 11. On the difference between ‘destroyed’ and ‘deconstructed’ (as it is used here), see Scarry, 1985: 20. 12. Wilson in The Hills Run Red. 13. Broken tagline. 5 ‘Some are Victims. Some are Predators. Some are Both’: Torturous Positions 1. She’s Crushed tagline. 2. Bridget in The Final. 3. Secondary characters in Captivity and Live Animals also switch in this way. 4. Storm Warning tagline. Notes 197 5. The discussion of Captivity here refers to the US Unrated version. The UK release is the same as the US R-Rated version, and misses the epilogue.
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