of Opinion " from the Radical Jewish COlllmunity!>~;:,/:

Issue No.5' ST~TEMENT OF PURPOSE

RESPONSE is the continuing attempt of coUege students :il~~,~q~ .'. to e~amine the. vitality and relevance of Juilaism to per­ '.. , 'M.t;Si?JQiScliool,o! Medicine ~nai develo.,ment and eqmmunity progress. ,l\1aJ:tinOierruaci1 . .,. '. '. , .,. • . . . I . '., ' Yale .University·· . AlaiiMiiitz· •. :...... To. wbat extent may intelligent participation in Jewish •..•. Go'~mlft4Uniti~rsiiy Joseph Reimer· , . , ~ivilization serve as a stimulus for inteUectuai growth, , '. HaVllr/lt. ShtiJom ~ " for increased sensitivity to bUlI\an problems, for active HoWatdStkklor ,contribution to societal erldeavors? 1fari;a1'dSchoo~o/ &/ucation Can jeWish commitment provide a common basis and 'ASSOcrAm~troRS depth for a variety of life-styles? How can the symbolic SteVen,Ajl":"";'" '<.;''', language of Jewish experience express our own tempera­ ".. ' ,'l!nifJersity of PennsY/fJ(mia m~nt? What is, and what oUght to be, .our relationship MOrucaBerger .... ., to existing communal structures? To Israel? , ..... Jii/:;!iSon College Bruc~;&Ilin '" . jeremy Brochin. . RESPONSE is dedicated to a sincere consideration of , ,.' Up#~rsity ,0/ Minnesota tl)ese qUCstions as they relate to issues of current con· BethavivaCQhen < . jeff 'COoper '..,' < ' cern. As an independent journal, RESPONSE is not com· .~Norlhilieitem'·Un.ifiersity mitted to any particular approach, "line", or ideology . '.RUthrJbaum .... " .. '."'. .' An of 'the opinions expressed in these pages are tbe sole ;. ".' Hohiard Sch~ol o/Education , Rich8td' :Fmkelstein . responsibility of their various authors. 'Coluf:nbia COllege. Steven Fr.i3de . . , ~ We encourage and solicit the SUbmisSion of articles, fic- tion, poetry and letters relating to Jewish themes. Manu­ scqpts must be double-spaced, and accompanied by a covenng letter. Letters of inquiry and manuscripts should be sent to

RESPONSE Room3C 160 W. 106m St. New York, N. Y. 10025

RESPONSE is' published three times a year. Single copy SO¢. 0 Copyright . 1969 ,by RESPONSE. Office:. Room. l:c, 160 West 106th St., New York, N. Y. 10025; . : ~. -

A

WHAT'S WRONG WITH OUR SEMINARIES

Towards a Relevant Community Rabbinate .... ;: .•.... . Ben HoHander

A Critique of Yeshiva University . ... Meyer Goldstein

A Critique of the Hebrew Union College . . Steve Stroiman

ARTICLES Reflections on a Matured Zionist Commitment ... ~ .. '. '25 . Gabriel Ende

The Yiddish Writer in 1he Face of Crisis. , David Roskies

POETRY

Pittsburgh -- Murray Pomerance.

Father Abraham· . Danny Siegel .. , '

Mosaic -- Murray Pomerance ' , , ' , , , . , , .. ' ,:: . , , , ' : .23 .'

Gates -- Lorne Segal

Correspondence . .

News .. , .. "", . .

Volume III . [No. 2J

I At present. the Seminary shares the attithde'of th6se"'ho,ebYi~i6ri;;the:,; pulpit rabbi. in Leibman's words. as "an encyclopedia sitting ona sheHW'aii-" ',' ing to be consulted," Thus. the logical conclusion of a :Semjn-ary'eclucati?~\< becomes a Kafkaesque nightmare: the rabbI, having drowned intpe;,sell':O(i,,', . himself has become text (notice how~ver theseminafyc6n

But unless we.are to relv Oil mlrades, the Sl'lllllLlf\ (,lIll' '1'(' til, ,,Jh t]j"c\ ,';lnrwt ,dlow himself too often, , ' ' Rabbinical Department which is our t"I'IC I nwn' th,IIl ,II1\thllll: 111'1,,1, III ,hon, de'pite rhe Sem inary's facile equation of text-study a~d ,rab~ a',:Iarg~ dose of reality ther;]py, The Semlfldrv hds tWll ~l),ds, ""til t't \\ hi, I, hill" rr,'IIlIng. the scholar is not necessarily suited to being a rabbi (6r.,as i('is filf from realizing or reconciling, One IS tll tr.llIl slhlll.,rs, thl' "thn t" " ll\\l "e\1 knnwn, e\'t'n a teacher), The locus of God's presence foi,,,thetabbi :frain. .rabbis. It tries to reconcile them OV conn'ni(,fltiv th,lt thl ,'''Ufllln~ " lilt,,! I'l'f"onal relations. not books, A serious cOlTImitment to bei~g:a"sp'ir-:, .m.ost basic requisite to the rabbi is his scholarh .Ibill[l('s, ,'Illl thndort' the Itll,1i guide' flwans oeing open to the potential of all encouiiters)mdb~'ing Seminary can do it~ duty to both its,goals bv n)nn'nrratlll~ on sdwl~s LiebmanlametJts, "an image of the role of the rabbi," ThiS article i, in i_' needed which takes eyerY bit of Torah that one knows and applies:jt~uL: tended to be a small contribution to developIng d more dYndmH image of of the uniqueness of one's own personality. philosophy, and communicative, t.he :potentia:Iofthe active rabbinate: and suggestions as to the form the skill. Unfortunately. Seminary training fails on all three counts.--cThe,Jatter, l,\1l be helped through training - but the Seminary only' tr,ainirig for such a vocation would take, Wn()ws,"spe~ch,. (words again!) whereas what is needed is to utilize all the mediamade'p6s-, BenHoitander graduated from the Rabbinical Department 0/ I 1'5, in 19(JR sihle bv the communications revolution and all the discoveries ofthe:benav;" l-(ew#hesto acknowledge his wife 5 contribution to this ilrticle .. JudI hilS ioral s~'iences: the second can be helped by ~tudying Talmudand'iT6rah­ :experieitcedwith him set'en,vears at the Seminar,v and tu'o in Ii con!{re!{iltion, but not if it is text-organized rather than topic-integrated,so thatyou'h~ve':, "

,,' . '.', , " . -, :,.,-: ]1'11 i,1i rhdo.[('r;'l (;;t'ol",': I', ,Inti !lot onlv in Leibman's' estimation, "the most important;figure'in ,'ethics., or the contemporar" communit\, l! IS tle,'t',fJ.irl //I,;! ( I,'r: <"IlIir" .. \ nWflLIl1 .In\' ish Ide todav," He is in demand not only py religious andeCll.!­ andfJ1Jery instructor be grounded in Ie u'isb theolo.i!.) rhIloJo/,/,) nf'in, catlonal institutions, but secular organizations as well: indeed his tni1.riirig or.the co.ntemporar,v communi!)" FilcullJ memhen fleeti til'! ne,'enilr and status can enhance any Jewish communal professionaL It is ,npt:only i~vjm'pw "about" theologv. philosophl, or etbi,'s, hul Ihe! mUJI "die that his status is recognized bv both the Jewish and Gentile comllJunities:. ,a~;ia~!e philosoph,V. theolog)'. and ethic. it is also that in an increasingly professionalized and specialized'society he' iiorsoine,re~son. (a,n Orthodox bias, the unitv-in-diversit\ semin.lrian 'us is the on Iv one with the knowledge. time, and contacts todo the work..Th'is 'pe~tsjthe~iablephilosophy must be "in harm;nv with th;se oi their semin opens up manY unexplored area~ of community service. and we mus(do,the 'ary.This mearis that seminaries could have no place on their faculties ior r:esearch to find out how we can replace titular and legitimizing leadership -- instruc'tors >rho do not accept the theologv in which the curriculum is with real influence and power. ,.. , 'groundeif' ' . Another factor to bear in mind is that in the future the rabbinate-wilI. ." BUr he doubts whether this will be possible. and in conclusion reverts have a larger range of abilities to dra~ from and a greater leverageinthec., back

'o(_:'par6chialism "that itQncena:d in some circles_ Moreover, several other selves. perhaps with rabbi'nic 'guidance, ,instead, l;~tqrs __ ' such as a greater exposu;e to progressive Jewish educ'ation at the r"fbi. ' , ,schook'ca:rrips~ ,and youth movement; the proliferation of Judaic studies at th~ coileg~Ievel;a post-affluent society in which intrinsic satisfactions rather What's left for the rabbi if not to officiate at these-functions;! With ou'r than monetary gain will increasingly determine career choice: and ~ let's congregations more knbwled,geable and more <\rticulate:inthe.kindofcofll-·. faceit~ciJrrent divinitydraftexemptions ~ should substantiallv increase munal goals they are pursuing. we will have the opportpnityto.r~alii~ ,thar:' much vaunted community control. We canthentetrainourrabbistbbe t~epool,o£ talept for which the rabbinate can be a meaningful \ocation, area consultants. to run lav training programs. to be However~itwill not be utilized unless a more imaginativ(, image of tht' circuit-riding"~agidirll';':' rabbihat~takesh0Id_, to help lavmen in adapting Jheir talents and training t6J~wishe)(pf;ession: I' ., Free-floating rabbis can be engaged for specific projects in Jreas6f .their ,To, meet this need we must broaden the definition of f;illlp" where rh"l ,11)(1 lli"11 ,!I:n (lll the kihhllt!. model. politICal invoh'emeni ~ which will transfor~ Judaistll, ,are'conve[lienrly collected. We have to h,' thc !c,I,lns ,,j Ih, ,(l11l111'111'!\ ,I' \1 ell ,Is th" f.lhhln

grass-roots organizing gr6ups. infiltrating (lthn" JCII "h n!lI, ,,:1"11 ,1:''11:,:1' I l'IC't'nt [t'rn unt'ration system and organizing a central~zed and sQcialized o'oe.' preach relevance: it should he reln'ant throu,L:h Illtt'r,lltl,'n ,II ::Il' ,Icli 1,1,' ·.'of klal:visrael There is a trem('nJou>; lllll,'i'PCc/ 1"lt"llt!.l~ 1"1 11:,1.~:'111~ * '* *" ','stafting from congregational meeting, Iwhl'l(' th,' ,llII(l11 :' I,ll :l,,'!, II: " II Ollr assumption that {he personal influence of a sGholar-in~iesiaerice' atservices'l. including such twentieth C('ntllr\' fltl!.ll, ,lS lillie! 1,11'111l1 ,'1111"'1' 1.lllllot 1)(' ddeyuatl' fulfillment for the rabbi concerned about.. thes'"iate6f.' (can we only appreciate the deeper llle,lnln" "I "Icll'! f1l11,1I. :1.,1 "I,' III"'., \("!('t\ ,lilt! pClrticul.lriv Jewish society ~ and its corollary, that th/r.abbi ,the o.nly ones worth spirituali/.ing~l. and l'\l'll lll'lUIl fl,llIl~ 1111"1,'111!II',' III liSt nw\(' int() the realm of communal influence and communitY'change:, it()',the Jewish-in-name-onlv C

Obviously these changes aren't .goin~ to lome ll\l'rIlleh! filii 1 ,Ill" ,excited to see perceptible changes in student c'xrecLlri'>rl" ,111,1 l'\ ('11 .'-.l'''1 inary perf()r~ance, Leibman accounts for the difference bt'twl'c'n I1r'l ,IIlel ;:l~st~year students primarily bv socialization during the q'mlll,lf\ H'dr' I ·believe he is mistaken, I think the main factor is that l'ntcrine S[util'll" (even a couple of y~ars ago when he'did his studv) Cdme from II hdtk,,10und of ioYOlvementin protest and change which students a few years ago dleln't. We wrpt{,.complained. suggested - and nothing harrened ,-\nd it wasn't oI)ly that(then there weren't the options of academic Judaicl or the newer more exprIi.ment:il rabbinical schools which now allow for a climate of dis· • senf\Vithout the fear of no place to go if expelled; we simplY didn't kriow the ",power of organized protest - and neither did the Seminarv. , : W:ec~llbeginour ~fforts at home_ Based on Leibman's findings, ,",'e find thatalarge ,percentage of the students must be activated If the percentages .. /?o'readershipofperiodicals are any evidence, intellectual horizons must 'hewidetfed.Only a handful re,ad the journals of the Reform and Orthodox ..b'iariches o{the; secular organizations (is l{lal yisrael really an important ,coilcerri?j.har~ly anyone. reads the Christian journals (from which, among Therefore student activist gro~ps>have a 16t, of home-work, Fot a start, '''free /ier,ninaries" should,introduce radical subject matrer and ideas about :sotial:2hangeaoCl religio~s experimentation into the present curriculum, rnN~:wYork City_this could'beset up in conjunction with the student bod ies'<:,fall the, rabbinical training schools, Pan-Seminarv retreats should be ~ihitiated for similar explorations, Within the seminaries, communal living arrangements ca:nfoster communitv and religious life, Students are invoh'ed 'curtentl}' in cur~iculumdecisions (and I hope they are pressuring for mort interdisciplinary, inte{"-tradition. and inter-text idea courses and independent THE YESHIVA:' "study;pr()grams; now it is- time for involvement in admissillHS poli"ies to 'asEertainthat the criteria f9r acceptanc,e to tht' Seminarv are fair ,Ind in keeping ~ith needs other than solely the Establishment's, :\n JnterSemlnarl ":journaLshould be ,established for the student communitv to exchan~e tran~ . .,' - -' 'denominllfionalideas and build tjes toward a new non-derlomin,ltional llfg;ln -izati?ri for the "active" active rabbinate, The prospects for 'Illh ,Ill ()r~,11l1 A CRITIQUE ::zatlbnate good. for within the next few vears we will, be faCt'll With ,Ill In ';~re~s(ld number of rabbis who will not h~ conrent III ,11lI prt'st'llt r,lbhl[lll,il bv Meyer Goldstein - • "C" ,qrganization,' At present the rabbinical org,Jnll;tril)[1' ;1[(' b(\th d"IW!llIIl,1 Thl' Illorro ot Yeshiva Universitv is "Torah V'Madah"; which~neansacom" ,c110n:derived (tied to their respecti\'e st'minarics! ,mti dt'\Wmln,ltIOIl ,!lln It'.! i>lll.ttion 01 the traditional truths of Torah, along with the ,pfinciples'q( '",!,(tied'tothei'r respective synagogue organi/,ations l, In ,I II'" 1t',II' th, II,'" "I "it'ml' and t he realities of the modern world, The motto implies 'Jha{rhe' 'more:independent schools will graduate irs flLst 1,lbhi, :\1,'rl'()\l'I, III Ih,' student I'> cx!,et'tecJ to synthesize these'two realms into hi§ ownpersonaiity" sit,u~tion' of increased specilization mort' Llooi, will not 11<' ,ttttll,lll'd With \\hlch would nearl', ideal Iv , a religiouslv sensitive person, One whci'-'has:' ill})' synagogue, And hopefully some cJi'>cnchantn! \oun,l!t'l !1ll'lllbtr, l>t th, ,lltnf1lpli<;hed this synthesis could presumablv relate the Halakhah'tohi's existing r~bbinic organizations will wish to C [shall attempt to demonstrate, the Yeshiva P9Iit,ics. ~nd policies, U~iv~r';i'tv Ibhollllt.t1 Program (Semicha Program) produces few religiously sen~iti;~ And 'finally, the old question: rl'engniflng ,lIlel rl'1"rf1llfl~ "f r"I"': or Juti,licallv creative individuals who have successfully achieved· the:svnc ,ing and revolutionizing, Or: how radical should we be ,-\r thl' llWf1l,'nt t hnis, With reference to Dr. Liebman's complaints of th~ Semicha rr6gr~rri, , "uflless we want to go sectarian, I think we halt' to rt'toglllfC th,lt th1'f1' ,1ft' I shall attempt to explain the administration's neglect of the rabbiriicalpro', limits to ,our ~adica~ism, There shoul,9 be no re,trictions on our form', rcch gram, whose failure may be rraced to unresolved institutional and id~ologi·, niques~ juxtapositions, etc, but as rabbis we arc cO\t'nanrcd to ,Itl ,tlll'giance cal conflicts, ' 'to God-israel..:c Torah and are not' free to select one at the npeml' of ,Inother, ,Om, Esfablishment is not exploitative in the same sense as gener,t1 sOliety's Yeshiva University, quite simply, is no longer a yeshiva, butrather a .. might cudv and has confined it to the role of perfunctorily perfodnedt:ifuaLandl¢gal ing,Talmud. minutiae, The ethical and moral dimensions of Judaism arelargely'ovef' ,', Tq~esure. tl-Je Y. U. Semicha Program has taken cognizann> of the facI looked. The possibilitv of finding and ddeloping othercoriceptsioexp~h;:, that ~therJewishtexts and disciplines ~ Bihle. Modern Hehrew l.iterature. ienn',. through other tradi.iional Jewish texts. is hardly expl()[ed. Th~rec>::>, • Jewish.history and philosophv - .are important for a deeper Undl'rSLlmhn,l! ligious \.;t!ll(' of service to the Je\',;ish community islargely'ignored.BY,limif 'I,,' ing religious consciousness and values to involvement in the studvof}al-"I'" 'o(Jucl~isro::brdiflation requirements insist upon either an i\L\. or \UI! from Bernard Revel Graduate 'School (B.R.C.S.I. the institute of lewd] muu. the Semicha program has denied the intellectual. experienti~r'pl~r.~H Ism which lorms Jnvish culture; . . )', .and Semiticstudi~s .. ~r ~1s~ an..:."lYI.A. in religious education from FnLlllt Graduate School of Humanities and Social Science, The> B. ReS r('qulrt· :\s might be cxpected, this compartmentalization is 'notme;elv:~nl~c'< ::riient::however. .which is chosen bv most students. is tre.ltl'll ,IS ,I St"'t1Ild stirution.t! phenomenon. I)ut has taken root as well in the minds()(thl"'~t~o' .' dasspar,tof :the rabbinical program. The qualitv of trw St huul ,llhi Iht· III dents. Thev fet>1 an intellectual commitment to Talmud pers~.·blli/ate:lt '. structioo is very low. far below those of a scho\arh'~LldlLltl !'r'l"r.ll~l I'r,' I he 'anI(' ti l11e. not decplv committed to Jewish values and religiou~:::a.,ware:',

. fessors. demand little work. and the students reci!,rm .1(' III kllH: 11('''. Ther(> is ;1 PfCltlOUtlCeu lack of involvement with the entire~pettr)um' "t"'wish lik .mel culture. So the lack of religipus atmosphere istlode,sta.nE­ There have. however. been demand" from stud"1l1 ~rt)llI'S ,1I:,i 11\'" s ,Iblt- d 110t l'ardollaoIe. The "lack of feeling for Cod". and the .feelinii:h;r:; 'Papers that the school be improved, 0Je\erthell'ss. thl'rl' are' \ .lrl(\l:' t,I"I11,'[1I' III I It- l'llll'fLISlS is placed on the spiri.tual aspects of religion". to quqte,t~o'" that s(lem:to approve of the present poor qualm pt B.R (;\ lilt' :t'('II'I~ ,If the lt1l11[,\;linrs raised ov Dr. Liebman. can be traced to the compa:r1:tn~n2' $eems':tobe that the premises anu conclnsion, ut rc-X(U,t1 ,111,111 'I' I,'" lsi, LIII/,lrloll of Jewish texts and Jcwish experience. which is accepted'by.both.· history.andphilosophv. are somehow inimic;t1 ill rhl' I WI" t'''I'r\5'' ,I I" 1.11 rht' ,ldrTlllli.stration ;rnd the student" '.. . mudicliteiature. Confrontation with the.s(' "her"lll ,J! Ill'" s. thlll'l(lI'~ln " .lead to a decline of "faith". Whether b('l,lllSl' llt tv.lf. l'r '11111,11 .·:It ,>t 111 lwbnl.ltl also I'olnts (lUJ in his article that few rabbinical studen'ts'con'

difference. there has been a conspil'uous Llliuft, III \l1l1'fl 1\(' till" Ilt-I Ill!" "dn dw rabbinate>. or an\" area of fulPtime service to, the JewishCOriunun~t~/ Revel Grilduate School. ,I' ,I lift-I(\n~ lommitment. Manv students enter a-career in secular'f~e1ds::,' ()t ,(\lIrst', these criticisms, or ,It least some of them. can be fairly leveHed\ . '. " Consequently. Yeshiva Uni\'(:'r:-:.it~· h,l~ 11\)( hCCI,)I1H' ,\ I. t'l'fl'r \\\ ll'wl"h ,II .tli rabhinical seminaries, Just as all institutions ar,e concerned)V,ithth~ir ,~ch?larship. Students interested in Jewish \ltqll[1 ,lr \,ht1llS(\I,h\ ~,) ,I", nwn s('lfpreservation and g'rowth, so all seminaries believe (one mu;stassurn~). ': ~he'refor their gr,iduate work" Bv its tre;ltnwllf ,It l\"/lIc'!I" /·,,1: .1' sllh in the meaningfulness of their curricula. But all of them tendto'prod~(:g:, , ,jects,ofsecondary iJ;Ilportance. the administratil1l1 h.IS lnntlnt'li lilt" lI)]1ll'I'1 religious technocrats rather than spiritually sensitive and religiously,'crea,, ," .of Toraht.othe study of Talmud, ' tive Jews Thes': problems are particularly ominous at Y. U" if only because Traditionallv. the study of Talmud was not mef('11 ,In Inteiit'I·III.t1 ex the increasing expansion and growth of the secular schools:of the. institution perien'ce: ,butan emotional and spiritual one as well. For Its dt'lIic,ltt'l1 ,I" threatens the future developme-Rt of the SemichaProgram,and 'b,ec~use !the ·herents., the immersion 'into Talmud would represent a cOlllplete imo\l(' traditional Jew believes that Torah and Halakhah can and s.hould ,,~ent in th~realms of Oral Law and Halakhah. The studv of Talmud fulfilled sensitive and aware human beings, ,theemotional.il1 tellectual and spiritual need:; of the student, But tor most "sttidents atY.U .. the study of Talmud is far from a t'otal religiou:; experience. """" " l\J:ost'studeritsdonot feel' a deep efTIoFional involvement in the Talm LId As ;\;0 specifi( institutional or curricular reforms can by. themselves'assure the development of deeply committed and involved Jews. But reforrns'Vfhidr 'Th;:Liebman ':points o~t. the intellectual commitment is irrelevant to the would encourage personal development and: individua.l are:'bqth ", ~mbtionalandspiritual needs of the student. not to· mention the outline of ~giowth possible and necessary. The Semicha Pro,gram must, . rriarfs,neecis,;problems. and experiences in contemporary soeiet\'. creat~a piograrri.~nd': an atmosphere in which a total invol:-rement tn Jewish life' and culture ' 'Whi\et!tEt;izlite of the Talmud as a source of emotional i1l\"oh'ement possible. , .. ,. , Anyref6tfu qfthe rabbirii~al'prog~am must iriclude the improvement 'qft?eBematdRe~dGraduat~ School. The study of Torah mustenc0mpass J;{~e!lsive st~dy, of , Jewish hist~ry, and philoso~hy as well as' (not in­ steadof)anilllmersion in Talmud. The Semicha Program must become a /cenn~r.(i Torah in its widest, rather than its narrowest, sense. Greater in­ "v~lvemefl,tiriothez: Jewish texts might lead to the development of other A CRITIQUE" religious ideals and models. Corresponding to the pluralism of the texts . under s~u.dy, an.d the general intellectual commitment, a pluralism of emo· OF THE tionalexperierices and c6mmitments ~ould flourish. Ainandatoryprogram of a' year of field service in the Jewish commun· ity, whethe~ in the rabbinate or in one of the Jewish welfare agencies. is HEBREW UNION COLLEGE' also of vital importance. Dr, Liebman's ,study shows that students who h,ld some.~xperience· in 'field service were more favorablv disposed towards J bv Steve Stroiman career in the rabbi·nate. M?st Y. U. rabbinical students han' speIlt their whqlelives in an Orthodox environment. After ex tens I\'l' Sl'f\ ice In t h,' "The B. H. L. '*' should be abolished," "More emphasis on textual coursest,: ," 'Je~ish communilY, students would ha~e a greater understaIldin,l; ,mel ,1['l'r,' "l\lorl.' relevunce"·a beginning--an awareness of the need fo~ cdnsi:ruci:i~~<.··' 'ci:hion .-of the problems and, needs of American Jewrv in gl'!ll'r;!I The ,'nn lhange. But. change d()es flot occur within a vacuum, for if effective"it. cep,i of seryice to the Jewish community at large w[)ulJ nt· \.tllci I11ml bt· I wili alter the structure of the curriculum. However" when the demand;' ',:-' clearly established as a religious idea, tnr chan~(' increase. then the structure itself must be fe-examined., In this '

Qeseare but two of mqny possible imprmemeIl!\ in the ')('llllell.1 1'1(' ".IV. ;1 bast' i, est.lhlished. giving direction to any future modificati,9ns: ' gram Qf Yeshiva University. When a COIlscioUSIll"" of ,rhl' " 'little It'llth But. a total perspective of the currie-ulum cannot be attained'withouta . acute.'inany institution, change becomes mort' possinlt- Borh rhe' "cimf!lI' 'Llfrl'lari\l' study of the environmen~ in' which it is to function. It is 'the. tration'and t~e students of Y.U. must become ,Iltl\l·h 1Il\l)l\ ll' In till' I'll llltl'['Il·tion of these two factors which constitutes the education of the, Tab­ 'going effqrt to develop Judaicallv aware and ([)!1lnllttni \""';I:e\ '("1l~('I1lI: ninical student. .rantly, rabbis. Hehrew. readilv "dmitted as the key to the study of Judaica, domina~~~' thl' curriculum of the rahbinic student. Unveiling to him the soun::,es"9f the 1',lst in which to molJ the future, the study of this discipline assumes

PITTSBl!RGli .1 \ 11,,1 rok in his education. Towanda. the eight-week intensive 'Hebrew summer program for entering students, is an introduction tothei;IethOd.· lI,,'d in tedching the lunguag,e at HUe. (Though the approach in thi~, year's. Haifa ?eller looked like this Towanda is to be somewhat different. it is not indicative of ,any ,change in the regular Hebrew program.) Three courses--Modern-Rabbinic Hebrew, There was nel'er Susqu;hannil he!l/Jil //,,.,,, , Birdied gr'lmmar. and Hebrew Bible are taught. The emphasis is, qnBib; coated with gristle from the ttl ll'nj·mi/I Slilt: Ileal grammar. using this as a b~sis to proceed to other types of Hebrew., Running bare and quaint and rugged I'ilst my s/Joes The Hebrew Bible course is an extension of the course in grammar.: f?fl exercises in word analysis constitute its objective. Tpe third SUbject. Mo­ ; With a million singers makinl[ riler songs dern Rabbinic Heh'rew. is intended to build up the sfud~nt's vocabulary. Some seen in the light of nil[ht .from here. After two years~ this program may enable one to possessa"'profouncl . Some known below the surftlc:es. knowledge of grammar and a memorization of perhaps severaL~undred Haifa wa's never this true·; But other heroes are buried • Bachelor of Hehrew Lellers E!amin~tion, given .H [he e.nd of [he second:,yeaf', Mr. Stroiman i.~ a fourth _year rabbinical student at H. UC in herbills. ,~, . ··techhica:l terms from the Rabbinic literature along with other isolated words, English). But, not only are these two component:s of .thi·Il,!f.lgU.agc:C '.bu~itfidlsshort:~ftheintendedpurpOse of Hebrew--as an instrument toward' out of context, but they are applied to the passive. operation , . th~under~ta~ding ofth~ texts .. Instead, Hebrew becomes an end in itself. stead of t6 that of speaking (and who speaks Biblical Hebtew: ...... ' ...... 'reOucing .the course to an exercise· in translation. Granted that one must time and effort spent in learning this method are ilt the. ~xp¢nse6fthe,stu~ dent's education. , ... " , be ~ble to correctly translate a passage before the contents can be under­ it~)(:l' b~t the latter is usually sacrificed in the process. The Hebrew itself Though not a panacea, it is through the~onversationalHebrew.appr()~tk

. .

to make his bed. to du';t his r~m, and to serve him"handandfooi;·, , ' .. ", "'rh~'phen6rried~~irnoy{fi as judaism. It is, here, ~hen tilken out of isolation, tliatthe texts can be investigated in their fullest'dimensiorts. The "how's" and dining hall not only reduces thestudenfs owr(sellse6frespo~si~ility.Jmt~;, ':.;yhy:s".kremade its tools--how were certain concepts developed. how were it also increases his dependence Lipon the Colleg!"To clajh:dhat,th~CoIleg~ IS prC?v,dmg the Black man with work is to forget thaiiris beingdone.atr .theYjnterpteted,. why were they changed? Approached conceptually, the both his and at the student's expense, .t~xtsare brought to life, because they are related to life. Tracing the develop' "',;:·.'1 ' .IT!-entspf these,concepts, one gains the perspective in which to relate them Therefore, a re-examination of the student's role must be ~nClerg9n~:\ (~heco,ncepts) to Jewish life today. (As aids to this process in the study of Only by changing his pas~iveness to activeness can his,potentiaIsbefuHy" Bible.~;e archeologyand Biblical criticism.) Taken in this context. the am' realized. This can be achieved by increasing one's resporsibilities,inaljppases. ' oiguous .. te'rm, relev~nce, acquires significance. of hiS ltie at the semmary. As aresult. an increased awareness and'agreater' i degree of respect are attributed not only to his physical surround;~gs::hllt' the'texts haven't exis,ted in isolation from the Jewish people. so the '--)\s also to his fellow stuuents. . " '- , Jc'\\ish peoplenasn't existed in isolation from the- rest of the world, The rol~:th.atvarioussocietjes have played in shaping our historY cannot be over­ It begins with one's own "personalchores"--the housekeepi~g of. his ~oom . i60ked,.formuch has been inherited through the constant adaptation to new in the dormitorY. As much a part of his living quarters as his.foomar{the and di(ferent ways. One views not only the effect that Jewish society .lOd if'; halls. the hathrooms. anu the lounge. It is he who "uses them. who, dirti~s,. literktutc have had upon each other. but also the effect that the non Jnvish them. anu who should clean them'·yes. even the toilets, Then maybethe lou'rige:: .s6cietyhas had upon both of these elements. This total interrelatlonshll' wOlllun't he in shambles everY night. and the paper towels wouldcbe'£o~na . creates a historic continuity 'which provides the student with a decp per in the disposals instead of on the bathroom floors, '. '-•. v sp&tive in which to base alI his studies. Philosophv and t heolog Me st llcill'C: BuL the dormitofv is not the extent of his domain, An area needing greaf through this 'approach; Human Relations is envelored within 11 It l'n.lf,\,,,, t'f st Lldellt i,arti('pation is the uininghalL The consumption ot" food:·is"~n6t . 0fle::.,to .perceive various trends within historY and the reactions to thl'111 to be hIS onl\' function. but is to De a' part of the entire dining process:(.::· ..lttakes into account those trends developing In todav', '(Kwtle, .lOti the Lids [lwth"c! which emphasi/.es inuividual involvement and informaIizesthedining within' those trends, What are societies' resrome, to them. (lr~.111 1/"c! re' h,tli I.S --lafet~ria st\'Jt>" eating, The functions of serving and "CleanIng up" le Iigion's responses, lin particular. that of Judaism. For ('X.lmr , thl' --:--:l'\\ ,If(' 1'l'rtufIlll'd Iw t hI' students themselves, This includes dishwashin'g. " ·.Generation's" se&~h for meaningful valul's is through such '11(\11 ht.lhl"h J),,,h I'hvsical ;tetl';'itv heing at a minilllum for most of the students,'one' ment". "religions" as hippyism. drugs. astrologv. ,md OflCIlLti rll\st!( "Ill • ,111 --L:l·t s"m(' eX('fciSt,. -- ;tnJ. at the same time. can extend his r~sPonsi; What have 'the timeless values of Judaism to sav to this breed thdt h.IS 11.' btlltll'S \1\ m.llntalning the grounds of the College. .' , . ears for the religion of their parents. i.e .. the Estahlishmcnt:' Ho\\' has ttl<'

., Holocaust and the establishment of brae\ affected mlxlern 1 heo\og\:' 110\\ "'lillI' Ill;t\ ,.IV [h;tt t his is .reaching the ridiculous. but. on the contrlrv: this' 'i~the'concept of Sabbath "rest" to be made meaningful In thI' .<'~l' ot "bLlIl i.s ()nl\ beginning to resemble genuine communal living, . " ' '. , '9~rit free'time? Mitzvah·-what is its fate? These anJ other ljuestions (,f lUll ;\ml. its praltic;tl application is quite feasible. Assuming the cooperation temporary importance are to be stUdied within this pmcess of hlSt()ri(dl de elilire ot thl' --College Familv", (a term. which. for· the first• ", time. ..takesoir· ," ,I'. "elopment,learning from the past in order to understand the events ot tod.!\' som(' significance). the element of time is reduced considerably, One\xlailv "hl.'lluic, l'onsisting of approximately three hours of classes.' IS novhampered:" , hv an ;tdditional hour towards the maintenance of the s~hooL. Thetorhbined'i: efforts of approxim;ttelv I RO people can accomplis~ a considerable .amount .. The prevalence of apathy and the lack of communication characterize the within this short time, .'" , student's role within the present structure of the seminary--that of passive· The activities discussed above certainly cannot "make the man/, btitthev ness: Though much of this condi'tioA is self-imposed. it is unfortunate that can help mold a more sensitive ·and ,resPonSible human being. Othe; the College.perpetuates it. The relegation of the student's "personal chores" ar~;s; are now approached with greater concern. Being commun The College is toserve as a center of religious educa- .tionf~r the' children ofih~com'munity. This is by no means intended to under J 'U 0 AI,S IVI -----'-mineOr'replace the religious schools within the local synagogues, but is to The Quarterly JournalPublish~dby " ~analteinativeto them (though it would centralize and raise the stan- The American Jewish Congress', ' d~id~f Reform )ewisheducation, especially with such a concentration 1. JUDAISM is unique, a scholarly magazine tli";.t can engage hold the attention of any intelligent reader with an interest (}(teachers--thestudents.) Set up and administered by the students, it would and concern for the Jewish past and present., .. : .. . . It iJ¢. a centet'of~x'perimentation for Jewish education. would allow the 2. JUDAISM brings to bear on modernptoblems -'- warail(ri:i~ace;., . sttid,~nt:greater Iatiiuaes in teaching and programing than any synagogue Negro,Jewish relations, ethics in modemtimes'~ the insights would extend. Adi"rect correlation could be established between the pattern and values of Jewish experience and thought. '," :.:' :.... 3. JUDAISM provides a guide to .the ferment in mod<'irn, religious . 6(education recei~~dby the rabbinic student and th.e pattern received bv thinking - examines and clarifies such topics asti:le deathpf the child: Work.shops in creative liturgy would flourish in this setting. It God. ecumenicism and the Jewish stake. '... \ ...... w()uldbe hoped that, as the child identifies positively with the College. it 4. JUDAISM scrutinizes· and. analyzes in depth theiit~rarrand cultural scene. The only journal to, devote· an entire issue to ,Jew' .~ would become not only a·center for his religious education. but al~o a centn ish poetry. JUDAISM ranges over the entire spectrum of histor+.\ .io(someof. his social activities. The many ex-[''':FTYites and camp CClun ical and contemporary .Jewish cultural achievement. .. .: " . 5. JUDAISM writers are drawn from a variety of fieids and express· . selon;within the student body would pro~ide this natural connectlon Ix· a variety of fields and express a variety of views; They· are autIior­ tw.een·the child's religious education and his social life. itative and highly regarded specialists, but have one concern in common: to give a full. clear exposition of the. religious; moral .. :Anot:uncommori sociological pattern within Americtn Jewf\ i, the In and philosophic concepts of Judaism. ' . f1.uence of children upon their parents concerning Judaism. Through \ arioll' Featured in Recent Issues programsimd religious services conducted bv the chtldren. the initial cun The Jewish College Student and the Intellectual Comniu~ity Milton Himmelfarb, . . . tact~for mimyparents with the College would be made. Here. With the protl" The Reform Syn~gogue: piight and Possibility sors of the college leading courses in adult education. the college wlluld Richard N. Levy mor~ Jully integrate itself within the Jewish community Through thl' ':1 The Task of Israel and Galut rect:(?Oflta~t, it would be hoped that the Jewish community w(lulu becllrllt· David Polish _ A Challenge to Orthodoxy more involved in projects of social dctiqn sponsoreu by the Colln;t' Partl Emanuel Rackman Cipationwithall ~egments of the community in areas ot 'tX 1.11 conn'rn wOlllt! Roosevelt and the Holocaust 'utilizet~e full potentials of the school. Henry L. Feingold Italian Jews and Fascism· But: ideas cannot be transformed into realitv unless they art· reflected Michael A. Ledeen uponanddiscl,lssed. Only then can fundamental change, be IOstitu[ed th,1t can revitalize the College. both internallv and extern,tllv Admltteuk th" _,process entails a complete restruct~ing oi the present state. which. irom " . . ': ,.". ~ . .previous.attempts at change, may take several Years. But. a disct'rnibk seg ment cifAmerican Jewry will not wait. as eviuenced bv the increasing num JUDAISM ber ·Qf 9issatisfied students leaving the rabbinate and bv the establishment 15 East 84th Street, New York, N. Y. 10028 Please send JUDAISM for one year, beginning with the current.issue,. ~fnew "seminaries. The ultimate decision to ace therefore. rests upon the to: ~ students.. Name ...... , .....'. ;'. /~ .

I Address ...... '.' .. '...... : ...... :' .Much of th~ content of this is~ue' is the direct result of a conference I OftheltESPONSE Community, held in Nyack, New York. in Feb I. City, State, Zip .... : ...... '; ... . I .... t\lary 1969. We wish -to thank the American Jewish Committee I "f()rth~irgeneroussupport in making this conference possible. ·1· ...... , "- '. ItATHEI1.·,.ABRAHAM by Danny Siegel Just.jiesler.day , deciding blasphem.v was'better refhoving lowdramatic Hol~vwooden fantasies I cut a jagRed edge in mv Ttll",,/J , , just before God:, Root/rgoot!r £I ngel toodiz'ine/v ,f{rahs the kn ire /rom Ahrdhinll kwellt91z!stor.v. to a pOint believable , , . foreven those who don i beliez'e alhreedays sllencewalk in all.or almost all aloneness ,with his and lauRhinR Sarah:1 lonI;11U ililed son fO afnountain' , u;here the air and mind could clari/v each other and thim to buildanalt(ir thankyou blessings , for the gift of 'mountains sons £lnd airdc'lrmirllis But what kind father MOSAIC ,ties a son face-up on. any altar bv Murray Pomerance daring staring into Isaace.ves sli'Fing deepzy fiercelv I ,1lil! 'I lliink ! /Jilt! e1'er seen water like that before, Icqn'tbelieve he stared I knOll II /Jell! 1I1i1Lhed it beside vaur shoulder I was young, . I he I o/rJ III}) Imother cold from this one, and_vet in anv sense iI fillh," sllIpping past our faces. and then theirs, Ands%o

J?att n$ Siegelisfrorri Virginia, anp is currently studying in New York. This jJoem"andtheaccompaning illustration by Allen Sugarman. are from his new Dook,So'ulstoned. '. '"'!j

" !sawthewatersrusbingtoward us , And you in tbehetivy wool and wood iny~urhand ", ,!hewobdyou used o~ce before, I can ~ remember where, .011, arock or ~as it a river?, The white' wool wasyour favorite, [liked it on you, " You. kept looking forward, you did not see me, Your fingers on the wood were not as chilly as mine, Th~n something came quiet over the waters '. And I sa;; you look up at the cloud And talk to it with your eyes Andyou1; eyes went blue and then Reflections 'green and red and gold like my ring and blue again when you looked at the sea on a Matured And y01~ pointed your arms 'out to the wa'ves And helped t}jem back Zionist, Commibnent, (but then,jor a moment, I could not see, " y~ur am,s had held my eyes) by Gabriel Ende A:nd there was a Softening suddenly. Jewish publicists and spokesmen have made the word "assimilation"famous. ' And away for us ~o go there, It suffuses our journals like the freckles on the face of rJ;!eAlhAmeriC;,an: I remember it all now, all clear. boy featured on television commercials. Everyone by nowknown'tliat"as:" You turned to me and your e.yes spoke on/v, similation" is "bad". Even the American Jewish Committee, which~for decc' 'spoke "Fol/ow me ': ades has paraded under the banner of "greater Jewish integration 'i~to Artier­ .J Spoke it, though, as one word sounding deep and lonJ( and s/ill ican life", now vigorously proclaims that "integration does notme~ri as~i the way it was when we first left. soft as in Egvpt, similation," And so on, " ",' And, turning behind to see bu't briefly the man he there, This fear of assimilation is matched by,agrowing , took my dog and went ever.increasin~ re~ci~-' nition of the inroads that have already been made among' American .Jews: Forward with you, '.', ". Amidst the profusion of sociological studies, learned and unlearned'arddes,:' " I Onlfyour eyes spoke "Follow me ': and anti·assimilationist theorizing 'Can be heard the ZionistpJeafor·Aliyah,· [11J;quld ,have gone had the, waters never parted. "Go to Israel", it insists, "and this won't happen to yOur chiliIren: ~sides,; you'll lead a more complete Jewish life". This may sound ~fai!" enqughJor simplistically unfair), but it does not address itself to the sltuatiQhofthe socially·conscious and committed Jew, who is temporarily preoccupied with finding his own role, and meeting the needs of his own condition. Assimi~,

.',.' lation is not his personal fear -nor it is a primary Source of !TIoral, social .or ' political challenge to him. But "assimilation" does not b~speak:the totality of disabilities which are inherent in the American galut.' There., are other, . far more personal ones, which abrade upon the psyche and threaten the very integrity of modern men. Whether the iildividual cares to floticetheir pres~. ence, they touch very deeply upon his above-mentioned problelTlsof role 'and; . condition. And, as problems of galut, they admit of a, "ZioniSt" ,response;" <0 • :., ',' , Formerly a graduate student in History and Education at the Chicago, .Gabriel Enf,le is now living in IsT'ael. , , ".American Jews ha~e popularized the' notio;n of "assimilation", the one part of his being to enjoy another part "But~e, . Blacks h~v,edo!lethe s~mef()ithe concept of "manhood", "You have robbed do that every day, One cannot ,blame the decline ofJewish ' us,6(~uLtnanhood,;' they tell us, " ;md we must now regain it", 1\'0 one marilv upon the demands of the non-Jewish world; yete.ve~y , " \\!ouJclqtiestion that claiI~: yet how ~any people really know what "lack of knows that to some extent this is the case, Shabbat,:for,eiarnple",n.t<>,.tP'rps manh(:)(),d"really means? It certainly does not refer to one's inability to walk with complete social involvement, as does kashrut:,Nciw,few,p~()~Je,' dciwnthemeetand feel "I am a man", as some pathetically obtuse "Con­ question the need of tradition to' reconci.le itself with the demand{ofiri!(,' c~rriedWhite\'once explained to me~ Yet if we Jews take an i~telligent look portant social activity (,uch as an anticwar march on the ,.Shabbato~th~, into durovmexperience, we can discover the meaning of this condition, pro,I'Cct of spending' a summer with a family in a poye~ty areai,b~t':\Ye" [~: which everything must be placed, and the very values which OIl<' ,('eKS t" ISh" "1\\ lTIl "h,d ", i't" I (It thc' ;\rnl'tll.,.), ,;", ,-'.-.:.~ ',' " -. . . ':tel~;:t~~p, heldv~lues give way to uncertainty. But in the long run, the cultures are absortive process is reflected in the murkiness of the eventuaJassimiIation .• . ,refined, enriched, and made more relevant. And although such changes are Contrast this, however. with the radical effect that the kibbutz ,movement, . difficu!t:tQ·discern overnight, few observers remain unaware of the strong kihhutz galul·ot. and the lsrael Defence Forces have had upon lstaelij~d:.' ... irije!2tiOnthatinvolvement in the civil rights and' peace movements hd, aism. and even upon many committed American Jews, Theirimprin~s:wiIl · giye~Christianity. At a time when organized religion IS ueclining, Je,us nevcr be erased. This is because the Jewish context is the most natul'al;ol1~/ · has.once again been resurrected into a hero. if not the only one - in which the goals of these and similar movements .... , N()w.this, dip not have ,to happen. Were the respective !ll()\Tments t() coulu be realized. Hence. every challenge' in Lsrael is potentially a liberating , . 'have shunned overtly Christian values, symbols. expressions, traultlons. .Ind enriching one for Judaism, and not a source of fear (assimilatory·.or',: llrherwise I and self-enclosement. as is all too often the case in America'. '. 'heroeS, ceremonials al1 d organizational affiliations in the course of thclr :·efforts,theabove effec't would not have been produced. But Amerlcd is tun ;\ plea for Alivah will not follow here, although one is. certainly in ,,' 'dam el1talLya Christian society, with its clergy seeking causes with wh..tch t(l "rrler. There is much halutzik work to be done in the American Jewish' rev,it,alize their religion. So it was not merely expedient but also n,ltural for community. not the least of which is the development of'approaches, t()~ 'agqod part of these struggles to assume a Christian frame ot reft'ft'nn' meet the above-mentioneu p'roblems. Still, one would hope that any:such •. ,Hence, in~he minds of much of its membership. Christldnltv IS inrinLlt('l\ efforts will be free of the oft-ace om paning illusion of the non-exilic'nature··· linked to the principles of brotherhood and peace. Given the skilltul I'X of o1lr situarion in the United States, America, however well we've" been .. ploitation of these elements by its present and future leaders. the church s treateu here, is clearly ![alut anu as an increasing number 6f sensitive young •... '. chatacter will hereafter reflect this attitude. Jews realize the extent to which their would-be "integrated Jewish pe~~~h-'-" ,.:,1 : alitles" are being violateu here, they will seriously consider the optIon·of dile can point. as well to the eftorts of Jews to coopt these causes. but life in bae!. And they will be able, in my opinitJn, to achieve far gre-afer the very terminology betokens the futilitv of these efforts. When all is saiu fulfillment than those who remain behind in America, ,an4d~ne,al1 that we have tried to do is' jump on the "'religio-social·action" ··;bllndwagori. Those committed Jews who involved themselves in these issues at';m.(!.ar}y·stage did not· bring a Jewish focus to them. It would have been "urmatitraltq do so, When, for instance, the Queens College SDS held a sit· iriatart induction center several years ago, they chose to sing Christmas :., ~ c~r9Is t~:·dra~~.~ize their activity, although the chairman and almost all of .the me,mb.ers were Jewish. The American people cannot be aroused by the Do you represent an organization? If so, you may' be interested in · invocation of. JewishsymboTs or models. One certainly cannot appeal (except purchasing a bulk order of this issue, Twenty-Five Copies a(eavail~ supedicially)to this couhfry's oppressed minorities in that fashion, Nor able at a flat rate of ten dollars. Wiite RESPQNSE, Roo{l13C, 160 West 106 St.,' N, Y., 10025, . , ca~you~evenappeal t9 many committed Jews, for they know -"oespite all rhe cum.bersome apologetics to the contrary. that the problems were fos- ,'" 1,,"

In search of a new hero, the Yiddish wliters,adoprednew ''''VI'n,.rp~: e,xpression as well. The European short story becaineJess·.ITIonolithic FROM'KRIVODOV more open to new forms. as writers experImented with Intr6spectivi,s:fil:; Marxism and Freudianism. At times they would abkndon:thetradition~r ;TO OFFENBACH: metaphors and old forms entirely. Peretz himself turoeq to ,anihilistic.sym~j bolism in his later dramas. And as the s,rises grewlTlOre acute~poiioms,' revolution. civil war. mass destruction ~ so too did the needfor,·:a: THE- YIDDISH W'RITER language. IN' THE FACE OF CRISIS One man In particular stood out for his unique talent intrans¢ribillg the crisis of Jewish existence - Lamed Shapiro. who was borointhe Ukraine' trl I HiR and died an alcoholic in Los Angeles some seventyy~ars'jflte~;: by Davia: G. Roskies Though the milieu of his stories was still theshtetl. Shapiro's appr6a6h< was anything but traditional. The outward appearance and coriduct'ofth~: A,rn'odero and self-conscious Yiddish literature burst onto! he Llstern Furl' (haracters may still have heen old-fashioned. but their inner confli<:twas' .peanscene amidst great social turmoil in Jewish life, In tht' earh V(,dr., ut 'I'dlnfullv m()d~'rn. Risking the m<\dness of totalinvolvement~ Shapir~v.'rot{;: thetw,eritiethcentury, a new group of idealistic w'riter, 'lllh ,IS ,\knel' hem ,Ihou! tht' pogrom. painfully detaching himself from a world of cha~s to Boraisha, ShoJem Asch, Weisenberg. Yona Rosenfeld. :\'omherg. ,\11('[ KaT (fe,lIl' i!s ,mtith('sis -- art. s'izne, and Avrom Reisen used to flock to Peret; 's W,lfsaw ,Ipp"rr 111('11: I" LIIlll'd Shapiro's literarv discipline immediately revealed itselfjTl:'rhe , hear ,the gospel from the ,:great rebhe himself. The,e \(Hjn~ llll'n, 1l1llS!h 1('rWIlt'" "t his \{vle, Ht' preferred a suggestive phrase to an exhaustivi', ho.trl"the shtt:tl, had left behind them a rapidlv dl'ciJnlflg 1r.IJltl(lllel! ""1('11 1),ILI~r,ll'h, In his nl)\Tlla. ironicallv titled The Jewish State.' he d~scribe< The: Enlightenment. with its optimistic dream 01 emancip'ITI()I1. la\ Llr hc !lOr rfw Ifllti,i1 pogrom. hut its aftermath. The surviving Jews assemble'in':'", ' ,hindnow, pre-~mpted by ihe new secula! id('ologi(" 01 Zionl,m. Th"I('\\ I,ll !he \\l1dg('.gUt'. and !ht' s('nbe is summoned to record the events of :the past 'Lab?raund. aryld Communism. Each of these new f,hdm"f,hl(" 111\(}~\ed rh, lilr('(' d:I\' in Ihecommunitl' pinkes (register). The chronicle'is readaloucI:', public in a quest for a new social system t(l repl.ln· tht' old ()fW, "hllh ",I' now wracked with dissension from within and ,1!{,lcknl b\ \ loicnl tlll't" .\", ol} ! ord 11'/;.11 lJas /)appened to us, We were led like sheep .to th~: " fro~n without. Linguistic and cultural assimiiatillT1 W<'f(' 1ll,lkl!)~ il(',II' In ,i,lIi.('/}/"" }m{! 1111'1' rohhed 1i.1' 0/ our pOIIessions and IheX blasPheme)t roads despite organized efforts to revive an ethllic (Of]S'IOU'!i"" ,\1.111\ ,;':,ll//I! Fill rldlne ,UNOrig the niltions .. writers; therefore, although outwardly committed t() ,I 'VS!t'lll of ,,·,ul.n messianism, were inwardly plagued by pangs of cvni,i,Ol Th" (\ni(i'lll dl' Th(· Idl'll!ic.i1 formulation might have been used in the chronjcJes, ,of.. niedany hope of continuity. and established its own ethiC whost' ' prose is abruptly transformed into rhyming quatrains.: as ifprose,i(sidfw.ere '· The~tor-y-begins 'aswint~r is drawing to a close, In human terms. Sha­ incapable of conyeving the author's oe~pair. . '.. , 'pirodestribes how~he ice melts, "grinding its teeth." an image which re appears in many of his stories, Whenever a character is driven to the heights God in Il siriped ,md spolted robe .of human rage, where his most primitive drives begin to operate, teeth in And IrOlf.:eTS - /illifre/low, half red variably begin to grind, Here winter grinds its teeth ..forshadowin,g the hu' Ifc \' /,/'lling £I comb ilnd blowin;;; a flute .mim :violence that will ultimately erupt, .'lm/li/e goes dllncin;: with Death, If!' hell Is (Jul Ibe helll lrilh his sticks, The sum~er arrives: "the sun looked angry and bloodv" Suddenh ,I storm, breaks while Beylke is swinging from a willow tree: lie Icc rs Imd /II' grins lint! does tricks i I' , • :\ (,'"d ill II ,'/111/'/1 \' ell/, lI'il/; hells - Impudently the wind tore and lifted Beylke blouse /mm lie T \!i" TIc! s J!I! ill! ,-, litis ,-red led Ihe u'orlel with wild 'desire it wrapped itself around her u hill' flesh ,md l'Tt',se'! itself to her burning skin. The author has remained detached until he can no longer COI:Ltrolhi~ own, . Inner anguish, His silent cry for the helpless victims emerges' through the .. Violence and eroticism are intimately connected In Shapiro", Ufll\l'n,· .grotnquc merapmr of a ludicrous God, All that remains after despai; is .. Darkness.comes and the little girl imagines a stirring in the wdter Fdmll LllI.1!hter - thc hysterical laughter of a man being led to the gallo\\,s.:~·" ," iarsoul1ds of violence and disorder arise and work their wav Inro the \)1'('11 from the deep recesses of her memory, She recalls a ,cene trom hn t'drh Sonll' forty Years later. this interralationship between the 'a~ad a"nd the. -childhood: The pogromists rush into her familv's little room Hn mothn 11\ Ing iwroTlles a ccntral motif in the literature of the Holocaust . .Thew.iiter ,. .. is attacked. Het father, like all the victims in Shapiro's storie" fights rJdlk (,1Il1l0t Lice the idea that so manv millions were exterminated withoutleav­ ~efjill1tly . ing a tracc behind. When Shapir~ wrote his stories. Jewish ceme'terieswer~ sttll intact. Once the gravestones too hao been destroyed. all that rem~ined Father hits a red face with a chair, A fat hand suin;;;s il ;'"mmer ill was ash ano smoke, lather's head, HeJalls, Someone lies down on lo/, of him ilnd bilngs Ihe hammer onto hi; head. Clear, separate strokes. The ;;;ir/:, teelh /'ress tog-ether ... , ,The 'st~ccatoclike p~ecision of the narrative comes through even in trans tation.· ' , . One of H Levick's last play,s. The Wedding in Fernwald. ' ...... Het'motherisbeing raped by a man wearing boots, She calls for help, inner conflict of survivors haunted by the spirits of the dead, The.wedding Ahot siream streqms through 8eylke s back, Her limbs soften. feel scene in the Fernwald DP camp. attended by thousands ofspirit~arisencfrom freer. She still looks at the feet in the bi;: boots and starts sharpenin;;; the mass grave. including that of the Messiah himself. is an i~age WOrthy. her teeth.: ,she slides to- the bed still grinding her teeth.. when the of the greatest of medieval mystics, . . . . boot seems near enough she sends her teeth into one of them with e).es 'c/osedandLase$ herself in wild intoxicating jo_y .. , A short cry, The b~ot /iftsBeylke. Then all is dark and still. Dark and stil/. , , ,. ," ,,_\,' ". 'i'~;~h;ough,the: biblical figures of ISaac and Job. Leivid{ knew. however. that But what of the writer who was born out of that prolpn~edpi"~,r""+"":" the Bol<)(laust ultimately defies such comparisons. If the old symbols are to tcrror and blasphemv? Such is the condition of Levb, Rochmarl..of ".. " '.' .,' .' " have;:iilym~aning, theymust'yield new references. To mark this reappraisal. a writer who last v~ar published his second nov~l,Wit/:JBlindISteps'," "'.. '.. he had the Messiah, a central figure in his earlier plays. join the Jews on 11;1' Ear/b. The steps are his own, for Rochm~nisa~urYiyorl,HiS'!19V~i:' their way to death : is about survivors - of their struggles with deathand:vithguik"and,~ith~,' themsel.\'es. When they congregate in Amsterdam. an upKrI()wni Hand,s,~ri~",,),:: , ,'i'clm'goingwith the Jews, there where all are going. Mv place is now bles on a wall "Down with the Dead !" For them. ihe PH~senii~'thewitchihg: .·a.m~ngthem, with them and not at their side ... I need not aaomplish hour of all past and future times. Some ,of the surviv~rsrun'th;:oughth~ anything more than to fulfill the desire of love for the people of Israel '. .'!' ",', "i'C'" strl'ets shouting that the world will not be redeemed':ln'tilth~Ja$tsapf'~arl .. 1f1ho.a~ebound jorthe gas chamber." .'" I" .. ,' "" has disappeared. The human body is nothing more than~ ~ravr"f\y()qng,<\ FofShapiro,.the reappl'ication of 'the traditional metaphors was even woman receives' a blood transfusion and suddenly start~ up,s~nslngJ~at;~he,':. fIl ore pronounced., One of his finest stories, "White ChaIle", use, the hal hlood is that of a lamp guard: the ~rman has entered t~hebodYI~fhiftJew> lowedShabbes ChaIIe as a: synecdoche for the horrifying events that t'nvelol' hh \Ictltn In order to expiate hIS gUIlt (shades of Ghengls "Cohen),Even;the ,. . tl1e Jews. The story is seen through the eyes of an illiterate RUSSIan peasant '--., .1l'wish tomes and sacred writings are seen by Rochman as .dei~bera:~i~gO~~':'i" . VasiC' a.nd traces the process of his gradual dehumanization through the thclr btl'. Thev are gathered by the hundreds of thousands in r~onv(;rted,.·,··· defeats of World War I to the ensuing pogroms. Vasil breah lnro a J(' .... l\h l',llnt fadorv in Offenbach am Main. Thev have been carted there .bVthe'" . home. After being refused food. he pushes the husband ,1Sld(' . .!l1J ,Hr.!l h Ct'rrn.lIlS, with thc intention 'of establish'ing a comprehensivJJib~ai::y.,:of ,thewife. ludall,! .dtcr European Jewrv had vanished into smoke. Nowth~ b<;>oksca.ll\ 'Vasil's eves were dazzled. almost hlinded [f,d! II hr,,,,,1 ,,' )',"111"1 ,I h,/ '//11. with the T.llmud and the ,canonized texts presiding;. TfjeY'wHl'F ,shoulde~a jull, rounded hip - el'en/hill/: d,;::/mg II /II!, ,}1I,' lUi! ,l,'llcle whethn thcv' ,rnd the other,· books should survive, now that·their.

like white chalk Damn it - these ]1'111 ,m fllade {If II illl, ,I ,//, IT'ldl'fshil' has pni<,ilt'd. Thev consult themselves to find a precedent.H~re ,mel there Ihc graving hair of a great scholar remains p,ressed' 9~tw~en~be, The,impact·is twofold: white challe. with its tr,!ciitl'lfl,tI .l"(\, I,It'"I1\ 'iJ :h,· l'al.!cs Thc boob fcel evervthing: they are perhaps the only huma'n:survivcirs;" Sabbath, sanctity and serenity. refers insteaJ to th(' tit',h ot ,1 \Illi.ltt'll \\ "ll].lIi th~ image is evoked, in a moment of near madnl'S\. b\ .!Il 1II,tn"I,· \'(,<,,1111 ROl'hma;lOs enJless caravan of tormented souls weaves its I'oi.lnd to ROlTll' ,eeking a place to hide from the burningeariharound'i.C .; The husband intervenes and is smashl'd "P'"ll\t Ih(' 1,lbl" \,I\,i h,I', The h(lllk lTlO\C<, further into surrealism and erotic grotesquerie.,Tfiephan~ be.eri reduced .to a mad beast and in d final frenn bll('s 1111(1 tiw \\ (I!lUll , 1,"n1d~tlrla of gudt is universal. Nothing and no '>One is free fr()!lJ':itsilis~ .thi:oat(recali Beylke's climactic act). The storY enJs tn " m,I,~nt!!l\'nt \',1' tortllHl sage. heightened by the use of traditional svmhpl, 111 ,I IH'\\ ,Illd tn>:hl('I1I11L: .:,conte'xt: Realism I.S no longer open to the Yiddish writer faced withthep[obl~Il!.1 of L!thoming the abyss, The Earnie Levy's mllst be abstracted int()a'leg·end.:· pillars oj smok,e and pillars al//llme rml' /0 Ihe 1101 lrom Ih, ollir, I.at('[ generations will ask whether they ever existed, and scholars wln, con- , . cit,JI. Beautiful was the fire on the grellt ,dtilr The (rtc' III Ihe 11<"/"'11 duJe that tht're have never been just men, on earth. The:thit~y:six'scape"' 1000ig•. drawn-out. endless cries - !i'ere sll'eci ill /11,' ("IT( Of ,I g(l'/ ,il goats were but part of a parable consigning the sacrificetothedesert; . 'eternaf:asthe Eternal God. Andthe lender /,(/r/s. I;'" till!; I,,' lind 1/'(' breasts,'we,re the portion of the pries/. This. then)~ the language capable of evoking the horror of De,struction, '"a me,taphoric language nurtured or: the imagery of an historical, past. The ritual phrases ,taunt and scorn in their new blaspheming context. What could . be .. more fitting for a people who sanctify their past than to turn that past 'Upsiqe down?: White challe is made <;>f human flesh: the impoverished. his ',torv~tes~peasant eats of it when he is hUrlgry. The god to whom the sacrifice is'6fferecl. is eternal as Jehovah. is the God of Anger. of Destruction. and 'QfE~iL . . , more universal ones offered, by an open societFi think thetea[~ t.wopok 'Corresponden~e SIbil' responses to this situation, and .I trust myexaggeratioDof,them the sake of argument may be forgiven. • .', .....:, .. , ....•..... : (on articles in our Spring issue I On the one hand. there is the response of the' person who,.is Prayer and Jewishness and sentimental about his background and history. H~ha~·thete"nd~ncy .• Deaf Mt, Mint~: . to convert a sense of history into ethnicity and ethnicity'intoa;set,oLchan~" acter traits which can be outgrown and left behihd.withIit;le·~egret:·H~:'· Two things stri\[IWI 111<"!, Poems by Danny Siegel of\;()mmunal expression. I think I'O~I will lind Ih,!1 'lie h IlWeil" .11,' ,h,dl(lll an

by Lome Segal

I took vou through the You lookine to the To Th~ Editor: chi'l/r alleVlNl)'J ,Rhost '0/ iheinarket I\avdjustr~ad the.8pring 1969 issue of RESPONSE. the only one I'Vl' \('('n of the hoh court)'{lrd and ihe fruits a:ndjishir,' . Refreshing it .is, and critical in many of the right place,. Yet prophetic tn· 11 1IliJ Sahhath, though , were not there; . stin.ctsteH me that little in, the way of necessary change will hit the ./('\\Ish the wis did nOlleel it 50 the cats did not.. corrim~hity from the element that prints and reads this Jtrfcllti\(' puhlicdtion (hllits of cal.r lurked sit. expectant£v hehind Uf, like before the. shops. ' The manipulative tactics of the svnagogueHehrew School l:'uhltsh the silent starin,R I did not look at ment werewefl articulated. as was a comparison between the r,ldll,1i l,lnlpll\ you; .' ,!JiMre 1I at the s ittin,R s tarin,R in ,community and the summer camp community expt'fleml'. 111 LIC t. I tOllml INstern Illi//). the wom~ns gallery "the,\atter account more interesting than Kenistun".; hook HOWe\lf. [h,' [(1I1,' In Jerllsillem. cats throu,Rh the lattic"«s. . 6fthe magazine seems to reflect a basic ancptaml' 0\ th,' '\ILI~ll~lIl' 1l1l1ll'lI III<' iI/inlJ's quiel. dark as Kohelet s . 'middle class. professionaL ,;/11'<11.\ lilill lind i;idr/en approaching death: Nowhere is the basic ei:onomic structure ot Ol!f '"tWlt (lIlt" III "hi, II III lile gte'll!gill Yet I saw ,you . JewS;playa'major part· evef questioned. It is I;otntl,'" Of ,If );"'1 f]](,cit'l.lleil lil,11 smiles ill lOll as .vou had been then, 'reformist- to speak of intensifYing inter ),er\()n,d f('ldtilln,hq" \\ht'n rflt (roill halumies staring at me . whole employer-employee felationship rr.av he tht, thin..: Ih,li' Il1ft'\\ II),' ,111,/ Messes lOll !l'il/.; lJope. on the steps outside

,our society off. It is not how a princq;,d fUllttlons. hut Ih" \1 f\ "trllt' (II Fil<' I eTl'c/, I/lmugh rllbh/e p when I approached ,YOU, the:principal that must be called hdOf(' the tfil;l!I1,11 irolll ilid)iddell huilJinRs. A nd the cats kept Filn /I,dk /I'il/mllt following us lwould be the last to believc that ,('rt(lUS l hdll.t:.· ,(lilid (,JIll' .,),.1I1i Ifl .: ~'!d nC'{' Ii,berel'er we triei .. ,anY'society without radical impro\"('nll'l1t In Ifltl'fl"'fSl'IL') fl'i.,IIl'11 .lli:" \t' I',;' I 1/1(, /,m/,/II'.liCl to be alone. 'onecannofbe separated fro\fl the other. In thIS I"'l! ,If(' IH,,,I("[1111>: nill, Ii "I lill IiiI' .,'1'1') 11,1111.1'. the Jewish experience that has been createu tH"('r rh,' I,,,r I ,·!1tllf\ rh,' I'" Scholars and mYJ:tics plical-economic renaissance of the Jewish Pl'OI,k' III [Llci(' 1II1!11111,1ll It'ffl nil tI(l1 1{lkt mr band. accepted each other,. , toriiilism. Zionism. socialism and collectivism. ,\~dln rhi' rdlnls [h(' do !lO/ refuse il . asleep on the benches, . .}~wilsh'religiousorientation in the USA that ,I\"ius b,IS" 'til I,ll qlll"tlon' Willd/ore/'L'r while others For so.methat goes so far as to den v the peopldlOo" of the J('ws . .Ind t" Il'Ili; 11.1 ill lile ,l:I'J11' jumped like sharks yiew'\heir situation merelv in institutionalh' religiOUS terms II! s('c tbe ellIs to nibble at the rebbe s II/Trlll/tllilile old re/;/;e leftover food; Iw~uld iike to know what your staff think ,jhout sta teh()()d vs Jnaf ch\: II tit! liSle II t(l his lI'ord>. jumped like cats m:anagement vs worker control of inuustrv including universitics and Ilnd nodlbeir beads turned loose on a '.' .. otherpoliticalconsid~ytions. Until vou get down to that sort of le the u'e knOll' /I here /I'£' drt' ST ATEMENT OF PRINCIPLES OF THE NATIONAL JEWISH , nintholAh ORGANIZING PROJECT Meet me on the.,ruhhle hill Judaism is a religious civiliz.ation based on action. In thpt ol'er/ooks the IN}!!. Biblic~ltimestheIs+ 11o/rl m/! c/O.I' and we shall u'atch 'tbe men realite community was pledged to live in aCCOrdllnCe with Divine l~w reglic" ill" U'e enter in l[ah(irdeen lating all aspe~ts of personal, social, political; and ecb:nomic life. Raboinic IIlIrI 1;'1'11 '(/os, r ,:,// in the ele~'tric .,potl!/{hl Judaism is based on Halachah, a system of concrete formhlas for action;.' u hen" e de/,dr! sh01'e us aside not merelv on professions of faith. In contemporary society, Judaism canna' i()r II /' !ill/I"II/' (10'1/ . and run to he first. longer function as an exclusive legal system, but the spirit ofitscofuiriit~,. I kn()u < 100 \'(J(J!J Thev will outrace tbe cats. ment to a life of positive action based on ethical principles can operate:asa.. 1,,,111 !t1t't'l lili/ ./(',//f/ 1eal'e them with Satan '" stimulus for creative participation in today's socjo-political struggles.'. " :If 1/1/\ It'nIt' ((I"illn !!, insect-c01,eredfruits {In./ "(' 11.'.://: lind' Jewish activism has traditionally served 'certain fundamental social'val­ in/he ha-:;IIar. (,' //1/ '(){J! Ut'S. The Biblical ideal society was one based on justice and communitY soli;,

We ('ame to mourn them. uf ,; /JuJi(/inv 1)/ uarity . Throughout the centuries, Judaism has always mandated inst£tudori-.. :-.

hilt thev must hal'i' kno/i'll. f! (1/ IiI Ii \' j) Ii! \ II! fit alizeu concern for the welfare of the entire community~ Bey~nc:i.this,., how:;" ever. we can point to the characteristic Jewish insistence lor thel' smiled .. \ N(/ {( ( !( /1/ U Ii,', oritheabsojut~ el'en on the hlilek «1St. nature of the Divine command for social justice. The propheticsoci~l ethic to assurl' liS !illljllNe j)/I/ ,; (( ",r­ constitutes a categorical refusal to discard principles of economi~ and po:, we u,dl not hI' orphalled H'!lil /' ,;r! ,,"rr.,'// Jltical justice and humanitarian concern in the face of economic.pr political cxreJiencv. ' Ilnll'lll(ter u'e 'I'I' hecome I I, /I . . . masten of commantirm!J]j In America we have been both eoerced and cajoled into abandoning the •..... Hitler no ionRerfeels H'I!!! f\ ./1 ,})'/ f II' !i ill! rrorhetic legacy. Our people have been frightened into aIIowjngfhe~selv~~ . secure in laughing fill' \ \ 'I',,!( /11'1 J...' to be purchased, and they have been purchased at such affIueiit'prices tliaf from I;is depths. they have forgotten to be angry, And so, like the people of Israel v:.hom;Sam­ , There lire (/ hllndred uel warned against choosing a King - but who chose oneanyway-::,;e have bent our knee to "our politicians over whom we keep no demo-·· , gates to explore. ! II J/ own~ cratie controls;' "our own" military men to whom we sacrIfice our sons -.i!hd and each j"u'elcome 'nt'£, I ,~Oll In n l~r/;/ .al·al/of Ahrabllm :1' hI' one gil.//' treasure; "our own" businessmen who exploit us and others whom they-h;r~' . open doorways. "rid lI'e s!,,,/I /(11'1' {(lr I;', and sell to: "our own" modern priests and editors who!ietousil:nhename: Ear.:b wilitear down iU/lire. . . .' The >au.~h·ol's of injustice and oppression in America are not Jewish. 'Manh~lttan banks. ·>Theya.res~rving a set of social forms that is destroving Jews. and all Amer idins, as the Pha~aohs. destroyed the Israelites and all who lived in Egvpt. Finally. we must see that the Ame~ican life-stylet;ies to .(eilia"ke:·.usinbn~:r' Wenam;ethe Phar.aohs in Congress and the White House. who multipl\ dimension-- nureacratic. programmed. technological ... .jfat. As,Je,wswefu'ciit the weapons' that will someday burn us all to death. We n,lme the PhaLwh, rennlT that sense of the Transcendent which the -Americanp6v.;er~:h~~e, ,in:olil-great auto compani,es. who condemn the publil to be mangled .Im! tried to crush in all thost' who brought their various traditions to these~hor~s:,' die rather than spend their profits on a car that would protect I[S occupants We afl' Illterestl'u nt'ithcr in the mt'lting poi. nor in a falseplilralisnJ"ihat We name the Pharaohsin a hundred county courthouses ami city jails ,Inc! dlhms Jews to s!'9 Nolan Dr. contact the following: Moreover. .we·must remind our p'eople that our real allies are those who Rockville. Md . .standalong with us. ,ifl of us strangers in our own land. Our ,lilies are not .. those who grant. us -- a's a measure of grace -- surcease from official anti­ &b Greenblatt Fran Schreiberg DannySiegd -SemitLSnL on condition that we behave. and who then inflame the weak to "R2 Washington PI. c/o 1808 Wyoming NW 4613 North Broad 5.1. be anti-Semitic. We mustspeak,to our people about the attempts to pit Jews New York. N.Y, Washington. D.<;:. . Philaddphil,j,Pa._ and:other-A~e.ricans against each other in self-destru.:tive battles, For ex' >.

Notes FrOID the Iia~:ur:ah .in Formed in the spring of 1969 by .~n i~depe~4entgroup -~~iII~~~ g'racliIates, STATEMENT OF SUPp,ORTFOR DANIEL SIEGEL who are determined to revitalize Jewisheducationfortt'lenrl',;pl~rps,.: Havurah will shortly begin it; first year of operation. Th~ ."' .••.••.. :. ... •• ()nMaYl;1969~:M". Siegel, a'student at the Reconstructionist Rabbinical that despite the wealth of institutions already servir;g the . .cortimuc~> .. College in,Philadelphia, tur,ned in his·draft card and disavowed his divinity nitv, there was nevertheless a great absence of smallera~d.moreintimate . stuiie.nt .exemption . . The follOWing st,atement was signed by nine students and decentralized processes of education. Such small.particip~t()ry·C()~i·' at the college, aswel{as Dr. William Chomsky, a faculty member, and Rabbi munities. it was felt. could provide fer~i1e ground forwarm'persortal n,la~" " A"ihu~Gilbe,.~.Jt reads as follows: tions and meaningful religious experie~ce. """ '.' .::. O~May 1, Daniel Siegel, a fellow student at the Reconstructionist Above all. the Havurah wi'll serve as a center for study:lrs'thirtYrnern' ,RabbinicaICollege,ttirnedin his Draft Card to the Federal Government and bers will have the opportunity to 'work together in fields of 2~rrirrio~ 'as disavo~ed his IV"D exemption. We believe that his action is entirely con­ well as individual concern. Through weekly seminars with teaching f~F. sonant with the Jewish tradition which regards each human life as equal lows. as well as meetings with visiting scholars and theologi

* Volume I, Number 1.. Summer, 1967. . . Three on Jewish Law and Ritual: . ..' ...... •. < ..•. ~ •.•.... The Predicament of Self-Consciousness. : .;,EdwardRopf.· Metaphor ...... , .....RalphD:.Hjeh An Interview ...... Rabbi RaphCjerArit Fear and Trembling: A Retrospective Critique ".... ' ...... ~ of ·Un ited Synagogue Youth ...... ; .... ; . AI~nMintz. Liberalism and Legitimacy James Sleeperand:Edwardkopf~ Visit From An Evangelist...... :... JamesShieper ., Book Review...... Alan Milltz;.. * Volume II, Number 1. Winter, 1968 fowards Cl New Study of Jewish CommunClI Models.'. . .'...... james Sleeper Psvchedelics Clnd Kabnala ...... ItZik L()dzer BI,l(k MCln and Jew ..... i..•.• j()el Ziff Can Jewish Texts be Relevant? ...... " Neal Kaunfer' Interview with Rabbi Everett Gendler. Poetry by Ellin Sarot and Barry Holtz Fiction by AhClron Appe.lfield Volume II, Number 2. FaU; 1968 M

* We regret that these two issyes are .. no ·•.... ' '."". • (ACOntemporary Jewi~h Reviewl . RES:fdNSEi~thecontinuing~tt~mptof a group of,Jewish .college students toef{amine the vitality' and relevance of Jud­ 'aism to personal' development and community progress: r i.8ESPONSE is theinteUectual forum of the new Jewish trends ()n campus and in the community: - . RESPONSE has published five issues to date. The following are availaple: . ' ISSUE #3 ~'Jewish students and the War - The New Theology - The Stillbirth of Rabbinical Radicalism ;- Judaism on the Campus ISSUE #'4 . -"- Education and Self-Deception -'- Orthodo:lf;Y and Change .'. - Prayer and Our Situation ISSUE #5 - The Yiddish Writer in the Face of Crisis '-. Reflections on a matured Zionist Commitment - What's Wrong with our Seminaries

RESPONSE is produL'ed b\ the Jewish "ollege ,·,)mmu· nity; our readership i .... a C[us .... -sec(!on l)f the Jewl'ih intel­ lectual scene . . We invite you tojo;n the read,,, of Response anJ sUPP"r! our efforts. The U).... ( 1\ mmimal. the .... ,ItI~Lt\.'{ltm 1'\ ~re,lI Subscribe today uSln~ the (nUron heh)w

~ESPONSE' .' .Room 3C. 160 West l06th Street New·York. N.Y. 10025

Gentlemen: o Iwou,ld liKe to bedome a sponsor of RESPONSE ($2:;1 o Please send me .. , copies of Issue '2 50c each. , ";" '.0 Please enter my subscription to RESPONSE at S 1.00 per two issues .. o Pleaseehroll.me as a "Life" member: $10.00 enclosed.

My check (caslil (money 0.rder) for $ is enclosed in full paymem for the above.

, .. ,",". :,"

State .. Zip