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IN APRIL 1876, the Friendly Lakota Headman Kill Eagle and a Portion Of

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IN APRIL 1876, the Friendly Lakota Headman Kill Eagle and a Portion Of Table 1. List of Indian Prisoners, September 1876. In English In Indian. 1. Kill Eagle. wam-bi-lik-te 2. Little Eagle. wan-bli-cikala 3. The man that ran among the bears. mato-egna-enyanke 4. The Strong. waŝaka 5. The Walking Rock. tankamani 6. The Cold. wa-zi-sa. *6. They See the Bear. 7. Red Wood. ca-ŝa-ŝa 8. The Iron Rib. cu-tu-hu-ma-za 9. White Owl. i-han-ska 10. Medicine Soldier. a-ki-ci-ta-wa-kan 11. The man that is afraid of eagles. wan-bli-ko-ki-pa-pi 12. The Bear’s Ears. ma-to-na-kpa 13. The Hawk. Ce-tan 14. They see his horses. ta-su-ka-wa-yan-ka-pi 15. Over the River. ko-wa-ka-ta 16. The Bull. ta-tan-ka-blo-ka 17. Eagle Necklace. wan-bli-wa-nau-pin 18. They He see the Bear. ma-to-wa-yan-ka-pi 19. Scarlet Bear. ma-to-lu-ta 20. The Bear King. ma-to-ya-ta-pi-ka 21. Little Wound. ta-o-pi-ci-ka-la 22. Dog. sun-ka 23. Yellow Fat. ŝin-zi 24. His Bloody Knife. ta-mi-na-we-we 25. Scarlet Eagle. wan-bli-lu-ta 26. Blue Cloud. mar-pi-ya-to 27. Wounded Testicles. su-su-o-pi 28. Eagle Man. wan-bli-wi-ca-ŝo 29. Scarlet Thunder. wa-ki-yan-lu-ta *30. The Badger oo-ka *31. The Bow. *different handwriting, apparently added later Source: Fort Yates, Letters Received, Records of Continental Commands (RG393), National Archives. Table 2. Descriptive List of Weapons, turned over by Kill Eagle. September 1876. 1 Winchester repeating rifle; 1 Percussion Cap rifle (U.S.) H. Derringer, Philadelphia, Pa. 1 percussion cap rifle Harper’s Ferry 1850 cottonwood stock 1 percussion cap rifle Spencer rifle (no mark) 1 percussion cap rifle (cottonwood stock) 1 percussion cap squirrel rifle J. S. Lower, Philadelphia, Pa; 1 percussion cap squirrel rifle (no mark) 1 percussion cap rifle, New Haven, Conn., 1854 1 percussion cap, New Haven, Conn., without date 1 breech loaded Springfield rifled musket; pat. 1865; cutoff and stock scraped down 2 percussion cap rifles, Lancaster, Pa. 1 percussion cap rifle, Leman, Lancaster, Pa. 1 percussion cap rifle (U.S.) Colt’s Pat. Manufacturing Co., Hartford, Conn. 1 percussion cap rifle 1826, Middleton, Conn. 1 percussion cap squirrel rifle, Henry Folson & Co., St. Louis, Mo. 1 flint stock (smooth bore) W. Chance & Son, London 1 flint stock (smooth bore), Barnett, 1866 1 flint stock (smooth bore), Parker, Field & Co., 1861, cut off and used as a pistol 1 percussion smooth bore, cut off and used as a pistol 11 Quivers, containing bows and arrows 3 shot pouches, with powder horns 1 gun cover 1 frill belt with 14 Henry rifle cartridges 1 Hunter’s Dick knife 12 butcher knives Source: Fort Yates, Letters Received, Records of Continental Commands (RG393), National Archives. Table 3: Preliminary Reconstruction of Families Who Traveled With Kill Eagle to Little 1 Bighorn, 1876. The following list was compiled from these sources: 1) “List of Indian Prisoners”. Created by the Army at the time of Kill Eagle’s surrender, this document originally listed 29 men by name. At some later point, a different writer crossed out the name in Family #6 and added two additional names at the end of the list, perhaps representing additional surrenders in the immediate days following.2 2) Kill Eagle’s listing was derived from his interview with officers at Standing Rock Agency in September 1876 in which he provided the names of the fourteen lodges from other bands that had accompanied him to the northern village. He did not give the names of the twelve families from his own band that also went out.3 3) Dec. 1876 Census was produced by William T. Hughes, the new Indian agent at Standing Rock. Each family is listed under a head of household, with the total number of men, women, boys, girls and infants recorded.4 4) Census, 1877. An undated census, probably taken in the summer of 1877, includes a list of Kill Eagle’s band, now released as prisoners and merged with the remainder of his band that had stayed at the agency with Red Hawk.5 5) Other Agency Records. A variety of other census and issue records from the fall of 1877 through 1881 provide lists of Kill Eagle’s band. 6) Sitting Bull Surrender Census. The first full census at the Standing Rock Agency, taken in the fall of 1881, this document lists the names of each man, woman and child. This census was used to reconstruct the probable names of wives and children listed below.6 Lakota Name English Translation Relationship Sex Age Sources Family 1 Wanbli Kte Kill Eagle husband M 60 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 Tokeya Icage win First Born wife F 43 Wakan win Medicine Woman daughter F 26 Heyoka win Foolish Woman daughter F 22 Ite Waste win Pretty Face daughter F 10 unidentified infant Asked during his interview if he had any sons who participated in the Battle of the Little Bighorn, Kill Eagle stated that he only had three daughters. The December 1876 census suggests that the family also had an infant. Family 2 Wanbli Ciqala Little Eagle husband M 33 1, 2, 6 Tatanka Hinape win Rising Bull wife F 28 Wasu Ahinha win Falling Hail daughter F 13 According to Kill Eagle, Little Eagle was a member of Plenty Crow’s band who had accompanied him out to the northern village. The fact that Little Eagle’s family does not appear in the Dec. 1876 census suggests that he may have slipped away with Plenty Crow when he left Standing Rock that fall. Family 3 Mato Egna Inyanke Running Bear M ? 1, 3, 4 unidentified woman wife? F ? unidentified girl daughter? F ? Listed in the army’s surrender list as Man That Ran Among Bears, he transferred to the band of John Grass in 1877 after they had been released as prisoners of war. Family 4 Was’aka Strong husband M 57 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 Ohitiyoku win Comes Home Rushing wife F 55 unidentified infant ? ? ? According to Kill Eagle, Strong was a member of Two Heart’s band, to which band he transferred back to after being released as a prisoner of war in 1877. Family 5 Tanka Mani Walking Rock size of family unknown 1, 2 Kill Eagle mentioned that a Hunkpapa named Man Who Walks With His Dogs (probably Sunka Mani), a member of Belly Fat’s band, accompanied him out the northern village. This name does not appears in the Army’s surrender list, though there is a man named Tanka Mani or Walking Rock. This may have been the result of a mistake when the name was written down and later translated. He does not appear in the Dec. 1876 census, suggesting that this family may have slipped away with Plenty Crow. Family 6 Mato Wanyakapi Bear See Him husband M 36 1, 3, 4, 5, 6 Nisehu Hips wife F 38 Hante Cedar sister F 23 He Ska win White Mountain daughter F infant Also translated as They See the Bear or Looking Bear, this family remained in Kill Eagle’s band following his release as a prisoner in 1877. Family 7 Casasa Red Wood size of family unknown 1 Listed in the Army surrender list, Red Wood could not be identified in any other records. Family 8 Cutuhu Maza Iron Ribs husband? M ? 1, 3, 4 unidentified woman wife? F ? unidentified woman ? F ? Iron Ribs remained in Kill Eagle’s band at least into 1877. Family 9 Hinhan Ska White Owl husband M 45 1, 3, 4, 5, 6 Nohocan win Deaf wife F 43 Wiyaka Feather daughter F 8 White Owl initially remained in Kill Eagle’s band after their release but by 1881, had moved to Fire Heart’s band. Family 10 Akicita Wakan Medicine Soldier husband M 45 1, 3, 4, 5, 6 Wankiciyakapi One Who Sees Others wife F 56 Also translated as Wonderful Soldier or Holy Soldier, he remained in Kill Eagle’s band after their release as prisoners of war in 1877. Family 11 Wanbli Kokipapi Afraid of Eagle husband M 48 1, 2, 6 Anpetu Day wife F 45 Tasunke Nunpa win Two Horses daughter F 14 Cannunpa Waste win Pretty Pipe daughter F 10 Afraid of Eagle was a member of his brother Bear Rib’s band, according to Kill Eagle. When questioned by military officials at the time of his surrender, Afraid of Eagle avoided giving any details about the Little Bighorn. “I was with Kill Eagle,” he replied, “and what he tells you is just what I would tell you.” Afraid of Eagle does not appear in the Dec. 1876 census, suggesting that he was one of the families that slipped away from the agency with Plenty Crow and made their way to Canada. Family 12 Mato Nakpa Bear Ear size of family unknown 1, 2 According to Kill Eagle, Bear Ears was a Hunkpapa from Bear Rib’s band, as was Afraid of Eagle. Bear Ear is not listed in Dec. 1876 census, suggesting that he may have also slipped away with Plenty Crows. One possibility is that he was Afraid of Eagle’s 20-year old son, known later as Walter Two Bulls, who talked about his experience at the Little Bighorn and his escape to Canada.7 Family 13 Wanbli Ohitika Brave Hawk or Driving Hawk husband M 45 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 Hintunkala Ska win White Mouse wife F 34 unidentified woman ? F ? Kicieconla Rival son M 16 Ptesan Waste win Pretty White Buffalo daughter F 10 Tasunke Opi win Wounded Horse daughter F 7 unidentified infant ? ? ? While the Army list records this individual simply as Hawk, Kill Eagle noted that Brave Hawk was from Belly Fat’s band.
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