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Wolfgang Pauli Writings on Physics and Philosophy Wolfgang Pauli (1900 - 1958) Wolfgang Pauli Writings on Physics and Philosophy Wolfgang Pauli (1900 - 1958) This photo was taken in 1953 in Zurich on the occasion of his nomination as Foreign Member of the Royal Society Wolfgang Pauli Writings on Physics and Philosophy Edited by Charles P Enz and Karl von Meyenn Translated by Robert Schlapp Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH Professor Dr. Charles P. Enz University ofGeneva. 24, quai EmeSI Ansennel eH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland Dr. Karl von Meyenn Max-Planck-Institut für Physik,Werner-Heisenberg-Institut Föhringer Ring6, 0-80805 München, Gennany Translator Dr. Robert Schlapp t ISBN 978-3-642-08163-7 ISBN 978-3-662-02994-7 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-662-02994-7 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data. Pauli, Wolfgang, 1900-1958. Writings on physics and philosophy / Wolfgang Pauli; edited by C. P. Enz und K. von Mcyenn. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 3-540-56859-X (Berlin: alk. paper). ­ ISBN 0-387-56859-X (New York: alk. paper) I. Physics-Philosophy. 2. Philosophy. I. Enz, Charles P. (Charles Paul), 1925 - .11. Meyenn, K. v.m. Title. QC6.2.P38 1994 530' .01-dc20 94-15098 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is con­ cerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way. and storage in data banks, Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9. 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer-Verlag. Violations are liable for prosecution under the German Copyright Law. @ Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1994 Originally published by Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York in 1994. Softcover reprint ofthe hardcover Ist edition 1994 The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc, in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Cover Design: Struve & Partner, Atelier für Grafik-Design, Heidelberg Typesettig: Data conversion by K.Mattes, Heidelberg SPIN: 10763359 55/3111 - 5 4 3 2 - Printed on acid-free paper Contents Preface: The History ofthis Translation: Paul Rosbaud, Friend and Publisher ofWolfgang Pauli. By Charles P. Enz Robert Schlapp (1899-1991). By Nicholas Kemmer . 7 Wolfgang Pauli (1900-1958): A Biographical Introduction. By Charles P. Enz . 13 Wolfgang Pauli 1. Matter ............................" 27 2. The Philosophical Significanceofthe Idea of Complementarity 35 3. Probability and Physics 43 4. Niels Bohr on His 60th Birthday 49 5. Sommerfeld's Contributions to Quantum Theory 59 6. Arnold Sommerfeld t 69 7. Rydberg and the Periodic System ofthe Elements 73 8. Paul Ehrenfest t ................ 79 9. Einstein's Contribution to Quantum Theory 85 10. Space, Time and Causality in Modern Physics 95 11. The Theory of Relativity and Science . 107 12. Impressions of Albert Einstein 113 13. Albert Einstein and the Development of Physics 117 14. Theory and Experiment ..... 125 15. Phenomenon and Physical Reality . 127 16. Science and Western Thought ......... 137 17. Ideas of the Unconscious from the Standpoint ofNatural Science and Epistemology . .... 149 18. Exclusion Principle and Quantum Mechanics . 165 19. The Violation of Reflection Symmetries in the Laws ofAtomic Physics . 183 VI Contents 20. On the Earlier and More Recent History ofthe Neutrino . 193 21. The Influence ofArchetypal Ideas on the ScientificTheories ofKepler . 219 Name Index . 281 Preface The History of this Translation: Paul Rosbaud, Friend and Publisher of Wolfgang Pauli Wolfgang Pauli wrote a highly sophisticated and beautiful German. This very fact is at the origin of the delay of almost 37 years since Pauli signed a contract on 15 July 1957 to publish the translation by Robert Schlapp contained in the present volume [Ref. 1, p. 5]. Anybody who has tried to translate Pauli's German into English must have experienced the dilemma ofthe choice between accurately reproducing Pauli's ideas and rendering the flavour of his particular style. Thus L. Rosenfeld comments on Schlapp's translations "I have found them competently done; the meaning is clearly and accurately rendered and the English, though lacking distinction, is rea­ sonably smooth.... I did try to modify the translation at one or two critical places, but did not succeed- at least not without departing rather much from the literal rendering , which again is dangerous!" [2]. In the M emorandum quoted above Rosbaud writes [Ref. 1, p. 1] "Pauli was insistent, from the outset, that to preserve the precise meaning and the individuality of presentation, the translation must be literal and not freely smoothed into 'good' English." Pauli hirnself seems to have adhered to this rule when he wrote in English, as may be concluded from the following remark ofRosbaud [Ref. 1, p.2]: "When in 1955I was instrumental in pub­ lishing a volume dedicated to Niels Bohr's 70th birthday [see Ref. 3], one of the Editors objected strongly to the English of Wolfgang Pauli's contri­ bution. However, the co-editor quite rightly insisted that it should remain unchanged. Pauli's contribution to the Niels Bohr volume has since become a very famous scientific document." The last quotation shows Paul Rosbaud's activity in science publishing which, in fact, went back to the late twenties in Berlin where he was offered the job of editor with the newly founded weekly magazine Metallwirtschaft [seeRef.4 for biographical information on P. Rosbaud]. Born in Graz on 18 November 1896he was the brother ofthe well-known conductor and expert in modern music Hans Rosbaud . In 1926 he graduated in chemistry at the 2 Preface Paul Rosbaud (1896-1963) Darmstadt Polytechnic and subsequently made a doctorate in Berlin in the new field of X-ray physics. His editing activity there allowed Paul Rosbaud to travel widely all over Europe. And his Austrian charm and his enthusiasm made it easy for him to make friends with the elite in science and particularly in physics. In the early thirties Dr. Ferdinand Springer offered Paul Rosbaud the position of scientific adviser with the prestigious publishing house run by him and his brother Julius in Berlin. His most important deed in this func­ tion was to assure that Otto Hahn's report on nuclear fission got immediately published in Naturwissenschaften in January 1939.Forseeing very clearly the catastrophic political development in Germany, Rosbaud became increas­ ingly hostile to the Nazi regime. And when he met Edward Foley who then became associated with the Secret Intelligence Service at the British Lega­ tion in Berlin, this was the beginning ofa liaison which made Paul Rosbaud the most valuable scientific informer of the British government throughout World War 11. Rosbaud's material covering all scientific developments in Germany but particularly nuclear research was channeled through the Nor- Preface 3 wegian, French and other Resistances. Towards the end ofthe war Rosbaud got trapped in Berlin and, after a mysterious incident of an alleged kidnap­ ping by the Russians, he was moved out in late 1945by British intelligence [4]. In London, Rosbaud resumed his editing activity, first with the pub­ lishing house of Butterworth and then with its new branch Butterworth Scientific, which in 1949 became Butterworth-Springer. In this year he was brought together with Robert Maxwell who then was buying and selling sei­ entific journals and later also books and who for that purpose founded the firm Lange, Maxwell and Springer [seeRef. 5for a biography ofR. Maxwell]. For financial reasons the association of the two men became inevitable and at the end of 1951 Rosbaud accepted Maxwell's invitation to become Seien­ tific Director of a new venture called Pergamon Press. This name as weIl as the colophon had its origin in the head of Athena on a coin minted in the Asian city of Pergamon. Clearly, Rosbaud, who was an expert on ancient Greek coins, was involved in this choice [6].While at the beginning ofPerga­ mon Press decision making concerning new journals and books was large1y in Rosbaud's competence, Maxwell started to interfere more directly after having suffered his first bankrupcy in 1954; in September 1956 Rosbaud left Pergamon Press in profound bitterness. But his enormous reputation quickly brought hirn consulting functions with the leading scientific pub­ lishing houses, an activity he carried on until his death from leukaemia in 1963 and which was honoured a year before by the Tate Medal for scientific editing awarded by the American Institute of Physics. This brings the story back to the start: Paul Rosbaud's friendship with Pauli and the history ofthe present volume. "Pauli was very much in favour ofsuch a book, but at this stage [1955-56] we had no particular publisher in mind: Subsequently, he decided on Interscience Publishers, Inc ., New York" [Ref. 1, p. 1]. Concerning the choice of the translator "Professor Pauli pro­ posed Professor Kemmer, who, in turn, suggested Dr. Schlapp, Lecturer at his Department as an 'extremely suitable person to take this job, having just the right qualifications, both scientific and linguistic.' (2nd April, 1957). Dr. Schlapp consented, and met Professor Pauli in Edinburgh to discuss style and other matters ofdetail." [Ref. 1, p. 2]. Although Pauli's interest in the English translation of his essays was genuine, he was reluctant to read them hirnself. "To chat with you would be nice (to read myself in English, however, definitely not charming. Then I even prefer to write new articles)" he writes to Rosbaud on 2 November 1957 (my translation) [7]. In the Memorandum Rosbaud writes "October 1957: I persuaded Professor Pauli to spend an afternoon with me in Zurich, in his own horne, going through a batch of four or five of the translations.
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