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Volume 59, Issue 1
Volume 60, Issue 4 Page 1023 Stanford Law Review THE SURPRISINGLY STRONGER CASE FOR THE LEGALITY OF THE NSA SURVEILLANCE PROGRAM: THE FDR PRECEDENT Neal Katyal & Richard Caplan © 2008 by the Board of Trustees of the Leland Stanford Junior University, from the Stanford Law Review at 60 STAN. L. REV. 1023 (2008). For information visit http://lawreview.stanford.edu. THE SURPRISINGLY STRONGER CASE FOR THE LEGALITY OF THE NSA SURVEILLANCE PROGRAM: THE FDR PRECEDENT Neal Katyal* and Richard Caplan** INTRODUCTION.....................................................................................................1024 I. THE NSA CONTROVERSY .................................................................................1029 A. The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act................................................1029 B. The NSA Program .....................................................................................1032 II. THE PRECURSOR TO THE FDR PRECEDENT: NARDONE I AND II........................1035 A. The 1934 Communications Act .................................................................1035 B. FDR’s Thirst for Intelligence ....................................................................1037 C. Nardone I...................................................................................................1041 D. Nardone II .................................................................................................1045 III. FDR’S DEFIANCE OF CONGRESS AND THE SUPREME COURT..........................1047 A. Attorney General -
Unlikely Heroes," Simon and Schuster, New York, 1981, 352 Pp
From: Jack Bass, "Unlikely Heroes," Simon and Schuster, New York, 1981, 352 pp. Skelly Wright and New Orleans . we are, all of us, free-born Americans with a right to make our way ulafeitered by smctions imposed by man because of the work of God. -JUDQB J. $KELLY WRIGHT,I 956l DURINGA CHRISTMASEVE PARTY jn the United States Attorney's office, J. Skelly Wright sat at a window in the post ofice building and looked across the narrow street at the ight House for the Blind, where sightless people from New brleans were arriving for another Christmas celebration. He watched the blind people climb the steps to the second floor. There, someone met them. He watched a blind Negro led to a party for bIacks at the rear of the buildig. A white blind person was led to a separate party. More than thirty years later, he recalled the scene. "The bIiud couldn't segregate themselves. They couldn't see. There was same- body else doing it for them." He continued, "It had an eEect on me. It affects me even now. &-Bush v. Orkuns Parish School Board, 138 F. Supp. 337. I SKELLY WRIGHT AND NEW ORLBANS "It didn? shock me. I looked at it twice, believe me, but it didn't shock me. It just began to eat at me. And it eats at me now. It began to make me think more of the injustice of it, of the whole system that I had taken for granted. I was getting mature, too, thirty-five or thirty-six, and you began to think of things. -
Chapman Law Review
Chapman Law Review Volume 21 Board of Editors 2017–2018 Executive Board Editor-in-Chief LAUREN K. FITZPATRICK Managing Editor RYAN W. COOPER Senior Articles Editors Production Editor SUNEETA H. ISRANI MARISSA N. HAMILTON TAYLOR A. KENDZIERSKI CLARE M. WERNET Senior Notes & Comments Editor TAYLOR B. BROWN Senior Symposium Editor CINDY PARK Senior Submissions & Online Editor ALBERTO WILCHES –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Articles Editors ASHLEY C. ANDERSON KRISTEN N. KOVACICH ARLENE GALARZA STEVEN L. RIMMER NATALIE M. GAONA AMANDA M. SHAUGHNESSY-FORD ANAM A. JAVED DAMION M. YOUNG __________________________________________________________________ Staff Editors RAYMOND AUBELE AMY N. HUDACK JAMIE L. RICE CARLOS BACIO MEGAN A. LEE JAMIE L. TRAXLER HOPE C. BLAIN DANTE P. LOGIE BRANDON R. SALVATIERRA GEORGE E. BRIETIGAM DRAKE A. MIRSCH HANNAH B. STETSON KATHERINE A. BURGESS MARLENA MLYNARSKA SYDNEY L. WEST KYLEY S. CHELWICK NICHOLE N. MOVASSAGHI Faculty Advisor CELESTINE MCCONVILLE, Professor of Law CHAPMAN UNIVERSITY HAZEM H. CHEHABI ADMINISTRATION JEROME W. CWIERTNIA DALE E. FOWLER ’58 DANIELE C. STRUPPA BARRY GOLDFARB President STAN HARRELSON GAVIN S. HERBERT,JR. GLENN M. PFEIFFER WILLIAM K. HOOD Provost and Executive Vice ANDY HOROWITZ President for Academic Affairs MARK CHAPIN JOHNSON ’05 JENNIFER L. KELLER HAROLD W. HEWITT,JR. THOMAS E. MALLOY Executive Vice President and Chief SEBASTIAN PAUL MUSCO Operating Officer RICHARD MUTH (MBA ’05) JAMES J. PETERSON SHERYL A. BOURGEOIS HARRY S. RINKER Executive Vice President for JAMES B. ROSZAK University Advancement THE HONORABLE LORETTA SANCHEZ ’82 HELEN NORRIS MOHINDAR S. SANDHU Vice President and Chief RONALD M. SIMON Information Officer RONALD E. SODERLING KAREN R. WILKINSON ’69 THOMAS C. PIECHOTA DAVID W. -
The Dilemma of a Civil Libertarian: Francis Biddle and the Smith Act
Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science Volume 34 Number 2 Article 22 1967 The Dilemma of a Civil Libertarian: Francis Biddle and the Smith Act Thomas L. Pahl Mankato State College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.morris.umn.edu/jmas Part of the American Politics Commons Recommended Citation Pahl, T. L. (1967). The Dilemma of a Civil Libertarian: Francis Biddle and the Smith Act. Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science, Vol. 34 No.2, 161-164. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.morris.umn.edu/jmas/vol34/iss2/22 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at University of Minnesota Morris Digital Well. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science by an authorized editor of University of Minnesota Morris Digital Well. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Dilemma of a Civil Libertarian: Francis Biddle And the Smith Act THOMAS L. PAHL Mankato State College ABSTRACT - Although society may have good reasons for protecting itself against both sedition and conspiracy, history demonstrates that statutes directed against these offenses are particularly prone to result in the abuse of power. A possibility of just such an abuse in the first application of the Smith Act - the Minneapolis Trotskyite trial of 1941 - led to a consideration of a civil libertarian caught in the cross-pressure of enforcing a law anathema to his professed liberal be liefs. The study showed that, during time of threat, internal or external, our democratic society permits our government officials, in the name of survival, to limit those freedoms guaranteed by our Constitution. -
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD— Extensions of Remarks E865 HON. SHEILA JACKSON
September 21, 2020 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — Extensions of Remarks E865 Fairness Act. I had intended to vote ‘‘no’’ on ner at his family home and asked the female every respect, that they could have successful roll call vote 194, against the Motion to law students, including Ginsburg, ‘‘Why are careers and also could, if they chose, be de- Recommit. you at Harvard Law School, taking the place voted wives or mothers, thereby breaking bar- f of a man?’’ riers for generations of women to follow in her When her husband took a job in New York footsteps. IN REMEMBRANCE OF THE HONOR- City, Ruth Bader Ginsburg transferred to Co- In fact, many of Ginsburg’s opinions helped ABLE RUTH BADER GINSBURG, lumbia Law School and became the first solidify the constitutional protections she had THE ‘NOTORIOUS RBG,’ ASSO- woman to be on two major law reviews: Har- fought so hard to establish decades earlier. CIATE JUSTICE OF THE SU- vard Law Review and Columbia Law Review. While we commemorate Justice Ginsburg’s PREME COURT, FEMINIST ICON In 1959, she earned her law degree at Co- work for advancing the women’s movement AND TRAILBLAZER, INSPIRATION lumbia and tied for first in her class but de- both as a Justice and as a lawyer, all are in TO MILLIONS, TIRELESS CHAM- spite these enviable credentials and distin- her debt who cherish the progress made in PION FOR JUSTICE AND FIERCE guished record of excellence, no law firm in the areas of LGBTQ+ equality, immigration re- DEFENDER OF THE CONSTITU- New York City would hire as a lawyer because form, environmental justice, voting rights, pro- TION she was a woman. -
Office of Solicitor General
THE JOURNAL OF APPELLATE PRACTICE AND PROCESS THE OFFICE OF SOLICITOR GENERAL PREFACE If any legal position warrants the appellation, "the appellate lawyer's lawyer," it is that of Solicitor General. Seth Waxman, himself a former Solicitor General, has pointed out that "the office of the Solicitor General of the United States is a wonderful and unique creation,"' noting that only the holder of that office, among all the officers of the federal government, is required by statute to be "learned in the law." 2 President after president has complied with that instruction: The list of Solicitors General that follows this preface includes the names of some of this country's most distinguished lawyers. There may even be those who think of the Solicitors General as a corps of immortals, for as Waxman discovered, "[s]ome 60 years ago, a letter found its way into the United States mail addressed simply 'The Celestial General, Washington, D.C." 3 The inadequacy of the address notwithstanding, the Post Office "apparently had no trouble discerning to whom it should be delivered. It went to Robert H. 1. Seth P. Waxman, Speech, Presenting the Case of the United States As It Should Be: The Solicitor General in Historical Context (address to the Supreme Court Historical Society, Washington, June 1, 1998) at I (available at <http://www.usdoj.gov/osg/about osg/sgarticle.html>). 2. Id. 3. Id. THE JOURNAL OF APPELLATE PRACTICE AND PROCESS Vol. 3, No. 2 (Fall 2001) THE JOURNAL OF APPELLATE PRACTICE AND PROCESS Jackson, then Solicitor General of the United States." 4 Waxman is quick to point out that neither he nor any of his predecessors had "pretensions of other-worldliness," but he does acknowledge that they "have all been fortunate to have been able to serve in what Thurgood Marshall called 'the best job I've ever had." We in the law can see that it is indeed a special job, for the Solicitor General is the only lawyer who, as Francis Biddle put it, "has no master to serve except his country." 6 The responsibilities of the job are great, but so are the rewards. -
The Bush Administration's Military Tribunals in Historical Perspective
California Western Law Review Volume 38 Number 2 Article 6 2002 ESSAY: A Putrid Pedigree: The Bush Administration's Military Tribunals in Historical Perspective Michal R. Belknap California Western School of Law, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarlycommons.law.cwsl.edu/cwlr Recommended Citation Belknap, Michal R. (2002) "ESSAY: A Putrid Pedigree: The Bush Administration's Military Tribunals in Historical Perspective," California Western Law Review: Vol. 38 : No. 2 , Article 6. Available at: https://scholarlycommons.law.cwsl.edu/cwlr/vol38/iss2/6 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by CWSL Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in California Western Law Review by an authorized editor of CWSL Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Belknap: ESSAY: A Putrid Pedigree: The Bush Administration's Military Trib ESSAY A PUTRID PEDIGREE: THE BUSH ADMINISTRATION'S MILITARY TRIBUNALS IN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE MICHAL R. BELKNAP' On September 11, 2001, terrorists destroyed the World Trade Center and badly damaged the Pentagon in the first large-scale attack on American territory in nearly sixty years.' A week later, the House and Senate adopted a joint resolution authorizing the President to "[u]se all necessary and appro- priate force against those nations, organizations, or persons he determines planned, authorized, committed or aided" these attacks or "harbored such organizations or persons."2 On October 7, 2001, the United States commenced aerial bombardment of Osama bin Laden's al Qaeda organization and its Taliban supporters in Afghanistan, and less than two weeks later, on the night of October 19-20, American special operations troops initiated ground operations against the terrorist organization and its Afghan protectors! Today, for the first time since it withdrew from Vietnam a generation ago, the United States finds it- self involved in a protracted war abroad. -
Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg
VOLUME 134 JANUARY 2021 NUMBER 3 © 2021 by The Harvard Law Review Association MEMORIAM: JUSTICE RUTH BADER GINSBURG The editors of the Harvard Law Review respectfully offer this collec- tion of tributes to Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg. Brenda Feigen∗ Ruth Bader Ginsburg changed all our lives by profoundly influenc- ing the law that had encouraged sex discrimination in the United States for centuries. I am writing now in tribute to her. In the nineteenth century, the Supreme Court ruled that women had neither the right to practice law1 nor the right to vote.2 In the mid- twentieth century, the Court approved “beneficial” practices by states making women’s service on juries optional3 and approved Michigan’s law preventing women from working in bars unless a male relative was present when they were working.4 In 1970, while some of us were joining the call of the women’s liber- ation movement to march in protest of outrageous sex discrimination, Ruth and her husband Marty, a tax lawyer, decided to represent Charles Moritz, who lived alone with his elderly mother and had tried to obtain a tax deduction for wages paid to her caregiver.5 The Tax Court had said that type of deduction was available only “to a woman, a widower ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ∗ J.D. 1969, Harvard Law School. Ms. Feigen directed the ACLU’s Women’s Rights Project with then-Professor Ruth Bader Ginsburg. She was National Vice President for Legislation of NOW and a cofounder of the National Women’s Political Caucus and of Ms. Magazine. She au- thored Not One of the Boys: Living Life as a Feminist (2000), republished in electronic format twenty years later with a new edition forthcoming. -
Politics and Principles: an Assessment of the Roosevelt Record on Civil Rights and Liberties
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by UW Law Digital Commons (University of Washington) Washington Law Review Volume 59 Number 4 New Deal Symposium 11-1-1984 Politics and Principles: An Assessment of the Roosevelt Record on Civil Rights and Liberties Peter Irons Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.law.uw.edu/wlr Digital Par t of the Civil Rights and Discrimination Commons, and the President/Executive Department Commons Network Logo Recommended Citation Peter Irons, Symposium, Politics and Principles: An Assessment of the Roosevelt Record on Civil Rights and Liberties, 59 Wash. L. Rev. 693 (1984). Available at: https://digitalcommons.law.uw.edu/wlr/vol59/iss4/2 This Symposium is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Reviews and Journals at UW Law Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Washington Law Review by an authorized editor of UW Law Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. POLITICS AND PRINCIPLE: AN ASSESSMENT OF THE ROOSEVELT RECORD ON CIVIL RIGHTS AND LIBERTIES Peter Irons* Franklin D. Roosevelt did little to advance the cause of civil rights and liberties during his twelve years in the White House. Admittedly, there is a whiff of sacrilege in this retrospective judgment of a man whose place in the pantheon of national leadership is secure. When he took office in 1933, Roosevelt faced the awesome task of rebuilding a shattered econ- omy. That his success in this monumental endeavor was imperfect, frus- trated at first by a recalcitrant judiciary and later by electoral setbacks, is less a measure of Roosevelt's presidential greatness than is his success in mending the shattered hopes and dreams of those who suffered the rav- ages of the Great Depression. -
Judicial Genealogy (And Mythology) of John Roberts: Clerkships from Gray to Brandeis to Friendly to Roberts
The Judicial Genealogy (and Mythology) of John Roberts: Clerkships from Gray to Brandeis to Friendly to Roberts BRAD SNYDER* During his Supreme Court nomination hearings, John Roberts idealized and mythologized the first judge he clerkedfor, Second Circuit Judge Henry Friendly, as the sophisticated judge-as-umpire. Thus far on the Court, Roberts has found it difficult to live up to his Friendly ideal, particularlyin several high-profile cases. This Article addresses the influence of Friendly on Roberts and judges on law clerks by examining the roots of Roberts's distinguishedyet unrecognized lineage of former clerks: Louis Brandeis 's clerkship with Horace Gray, Friendly's clerkship with Brandeis, and Roberts's clerkships with Friendly and Rehnquist. Labeling this lineage a judicial genealogy, this Article reorients clerkship scholarship away from clerks' influences on judges to judges' influences on clerks. It also shows how Brandeis, Friendly, and Roberts were influenced by their clerkship experiences and how they idealized their judges. By laying the clerkship experiences and career paths of Brandeis, Friendly, and Roberts side-by- side in detailed primary source accounts, this Article argues that judicial influence on clerks is more professional than ideological and that the idealization ofjudges and emergence of clerks hips as must-have credentials contribute to a culture ofjudicial supremacy. * Assistant Professor, University of Wisconsin Law School. Thanks to Eleanor Brown, Dan Ernst, David Fontana, Abbe Gluck, Dirk Hartog, Dan -
In Search of the Solicitor General╎s Clients
LECTURE In Search of the Solicitor General's Clients: A Drama with Many Characters* By DREW S. DAYS m** I want, first, to express my sincerest appreciation for the invitation to deliver the Ninth Judge Mac Swinford Lecture at the University of Kentucky College ofLaw. It is a pleasure for me to get out ofWashing ton for a change - to begin with, to remind myself of what life is like "outside ofthe Beltway." I also saw this as an opportunity to see friends here at the law school whom I can no longer plan on encountering each year at the annual meeting ofthe Association ofAmerican Law Schools, since I am on leave from my law faculty. But, most importantly, there is a certain "rightness," I think, in being here as the Fortieth Solicitor General, since the first person to occupy my position was Benjamin H. Bristow, a Kentuckian.1 Benjamin H. Bristow, the first Solicitor General ofthe United States, was one of the leading lawyers of his generation. A Kentuckian, he served as a colonel during the Civil War. He later became United States Attomey for the District of Kentucky, where he was renowned for his vigor in enforcing the federal Civil Rights Acts.2 Before becoming Solicitor General in 1870, he practiced law with his fellow Kentuckian and future Supreme Court Justice, the first John Marshall Harlan.3 • This is an edited and embellished version ofthe Ninth Judge Mac Swinford Lecture, delivered at the University ofKentucky College ofLaw on November 10, 1994. •• Solicitor General of the United States. 1 BIOGRAPIDCAL DIRECTORY OF THE UNITED STAlES ExEcunvE BRANCH, 1774 1971, at 35-36 (Robert Sobel ed, 1971). -
VI. Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg (W1955832.DOC;1)
Remarks of U.S. Senior Circuit Judge Frank M. Coffin Introducing The Honorable Ruth Bader Ginsburg The Eighth Coffin Lecture on Law and Public Service Portland, Maine, November 22, 1999 In the year 1872, the United States Supreme Court considered a case from Illinois. One Myra Bradwell had made so bold as to apply for a license to practice law, having passed all examinations. The Illinois Supreme Court had turned her down, reasoning that the state legislature had recognized "the axiomatic truth" that God had charged only men "to make, apply, and execute the laws." The Supreme court deferred to that view, but Justice Bradley went further. He opined that not only the civil law over the centuries but "nature herself" decreed that "the natural and proper timidity and delicacy which belongs to the female sex evidently unfits it for many of the occupations of civil life." Strangely, the Chief Justice, Salmon Chase, dissented but did not favor us with his reasoning. Almost exactly 100 years later, in 1971, Ruth Bader Ginsburg founded the American Civil Liberties Union's Women's Rights Project, and in 1972 became the first tenured female professor at Columbia Law School, where she taught a seminar in conjunction with the Project. She went on to argue in the Supreme Court six key gender rights cases in the following decade, winning six of them. She filed amicus briefs in 15 other cases. In 1985, Erwin Griswold, long time Dean of Harvard Law School and former Solicitor General, speaking on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the Supreme Court building, singled out as leading public issue advocates before the Court Thurgood Marshall and Ruth Bader Ginsburg.