An Analysis of the Speaking Style of Hugh B. Brown, Mormon Orator

Brigham Young University BYU ScholarsArchive

Theses and Dissertations

1968

An Analysis of the Speaking Style of Hugh B. Brown, Mormon Orator

William E. Morgan Jr. Brigham Young University - Provo

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BYU ScholarsArchive Citation Morgan, William E. Jr., "An Analysis of the Speaking Style of Hugh B. Brown, Mormon Orator" (1968). Theses and Dissertations. 4957. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4957

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alrilriiall AALYSISALYSIS OF tiuTIK SPELUNGSPEAKINS STYJSTYM

OF HUGH B eroeBROYeroyBIROTN 1eollHORIIONHORI lonION OPATORORATOR

A thesis fifresentedFresenpresentedesevitctedd to the department of sieecSiesienecspeechec q and dradramaticriallriatl c arts

B L anar young U sfiharii cd ivcrsityuniversity

in partial suluyulu iltjent

of the rerilirzreqnironcntsUs for thevicuioulobhebho dercodarcod6rcodecree IpLster of Aatsts

7i1liifi 3 r oz9oza n jr auaausfcausecustusgast 1968 tleTLFJDJD ACaciqjowledgsmentsICII1 0 TLF ge171ENT S

I1 wan1 indebted to nanymany persons for their interest support and encouragaiencouragementilent in coicoyeoyipletingcompleting this studstudyy special ackacknowledgenowledgknowledg e- mertrilentment should be given to the following

to dr morris clinger my majormayor professor for his valuable advice criticistcriticisicriticismii and help in completing this work to dr gary peterson for his valuable and constructive criticisms of tltillstilislistis study to dr floyd sucher for his kind cooperation and comientscomments throuthroughouthout tiathiss study

arllynadilyn Aaey to earllynmarilynI1 ar-ilyn southticklackhackenck and renee hahawkleyleyiey for ttypingrotroinc the thesis

to my parents who have helped jn so many Ttayswaystayls to makemalkematkemalmemawe this eiforteffort possible

to iiiyilyllyibyY wifeafelsabels fafamilyatilyntily dlodioiiowho are living proof that patient and lovingiovl irin laws do emexistalstlst to donna tataineytainmyW lee and candy for their constant love and iapatiencetience which made this study possible

IV TAKETABLE OF CONTENTS page kcacknovnjadgeiieiits1tj01 tledgaents iv LIST OF TAFLESTABLES vii

chapchapterlerlenwen

I1 introductiointroductionN 1

purpose if 0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 review of literature e a e a 0 5 proee Proceproceduredireorre 0 a 0 0 0 a 4 0 Is 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 criteria of analysis 0 0 0 Is 9 it 9 0.0 it 0 6 it 9 conclusion 0 0 0 e 0 e 0 23

HUGHHITGH B 11 II11 bab0 BRON 0 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25

ANALYSIS OF s1saSPESCIES1 libs 0 0 0 0 31 illiliIII111 dekdemiles 0

profile of a prophet 0 0 0 0 0 4648 1 6 evaluation ar-andl intinkuerpretationinterpretation of speech 0 0 0 1 nay what Is manan and J ahat1hatat he kay become 0 0 0 77 evaluation and interpretation of speech 0 96

power .0 furlfvriavrifurepurityty I1Iss Power 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 Is it 0 104 evaluation and interpretation of speech 142 aa key 141451488 continued 1aaarninkaarninglearning key to progress 0 0 0 ibb evaluation and Interpretationinterpretationofof speechspeecspeeceia loo168100 you father are there 0 0 0 0 0 0 13173iyolyo evaluation and interpretation of speech 213

T DATA IV evaluation A D interpretation OF TOTAL 0 218

general findingfindingsID s 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 220 1 221 use of Lrimpellingmelling11 motives 0 0 0 0

su o 0 23 use of verbal supportingportierportimr1 liaterial1lateriallIate 0 0 0 0 rial 22522 use of factors of attention 0 0 0 0 0 0 use of figures of speech 0 0 0 0 0 9 a 0 0 a 229 use of factors of intelligibility and flexibility 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 231 conclusions 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 & 0 0 0 0 233

v VI

chanterchapter page V sullSUILSUMMARYkRYary AND conclusions 235

purpose 0 0 Is 1 S 0 0 0 0 0 19 235

1 pricedprocedprocedurelureluwebuwe 0 1 a 0 0 0 41 0 0 0 0 0 235 general findings e e e 9 a 236

11 0.0 conclusions 0 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 a 0 0 237 D reconunendations06ecommendationsmendationshons e a 0 238 bibuographtbibliogakphy 239 243 IMEXINDEX 9 e LIST OF TABLES tables page 1 sentence length and average fordsfondswords per

sentence 0 0 a 0 0 4 a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 33

2 hugh B bromsbrowns use and distribution 1-1 of impellingC motives 0.0 0 Is 0 34

B 3 furrhhurrhrughhughC brbrownsamsmms use and distribution of verbal supporting material 0 37

4 hugh B brobrovbrownsvalsnls use and distribution of factors of attention 1 it 0 10 40

B use 5 hughCD browns and distriadistribdistributionatlonution figures s of figfibresfabresaresures of speech e e 0 e e 44

viivilvalvar CHAPTERCHAPcrapNR I1 introduction

in the preface of one of his books continuing the cuestquest hugh

B brownbromn writes As the vviolinist1oao jstistast tunes each string until it res- ponds with an indiindividualvidual tone capable of hantohannoharmoniousnious desresresponseponso to a mastermasters hand As handel and 1tendeissomhendmendelssohnolssohn place symbols on pizpinpaperper i whichaklvklich- uwhennenaen cblccvmbnnodimcdmod irithnithvithirithwithinith poetic images become ora- tories cb As cicero and Dsmosthcresdemosthenes used words with sucsuesuchsuehh disc-discriminatingriminating skill as to make each ooticonetleticilc do its best and express an exact meaning ind then wove thentheubhea into great orations a6aaA kiltonvilton and shakespeare arranged incidents into mortalimmortaldm dradramastos and poetry AsA S lincolnT and churchill hold aloft dealsdeaisideals and insinspiredcirodpirod their countcountrymenaraenyraen to sairesairasave their nations so let us try to touch the lives of young men and women to Jinspire each to do and be his best to know that he is unioueunique in godsgod handiwork and that his con-conibutionl ribributionution is rearoaroqrequiredaireduired in thecnecnavaa immortal symphony thus lay jeae cipolpheiphelpholp create from lifeslifers raw imaterials something beautiful and evereverlastingstingstang and do it eithwith the throbblnerthrobbing 7pulsepulce1 S tinolingcing t taltainalleablenalrualleiblemalleableruairualL leibleleable souls of gods children and help hin to achieve his avowedvotyeaVOT leuyeayeu purpose immortality atardandd eternal life for all i because haghbughhugh B brobrownmi has excerexcyrexemplifiedoilpliplifiedfiedfled tho above adirimadiromadmonitionitionaition as an honest and able commcommunitymity leaderleadar as an outstanding and stalwart minister of the gospel and as an eloquent and powerful speaker I1 believe that a study of hugh B brownsbro alsnysnls speaking style is highly Jesidesirabledesirablerabie

ahugh1hughbughhugh B brown raw materials 1 I continuing the ojestquestque st salt lake city utah deforetdescretdesoret book co iggi1961 p iii 1 i- 2

hugh B brownbromnbrounabrounnbrowna is presently the first baarcaarcounselorselorseror to president 2 david 0 mckay spiritual leader and prophet to thehe 26 riddiddiullionmillionalion member church of jeeiscelmsjelms CIlristaristchrist of latter day saints ccirinoncorrmonlycorrmonlyly rreferredferrforr d to as Q the mormon church 3 many of president broonsbrowesbromesbrownsbro onshns former students univrsunivuniversityrS gy colleagues ard church associates have testified to the greatness of thistills rannanman and his speaking ability dr sidney B sperry of brigham young univer-

sity gave ids1dsirisluisluls improssjonisiiprossjon of hugh B broprobromabrownprohaprohnprownma as follows the lord has endoendowedvied elder drownbrown vithwith some extraor- dinary talents one isLs llisillsIlisillsilislils power of speech another is his gift to inspire this gift cornes of co-coarsecoursearse as a iresult of a long life of devoted spiritspiritualualnalnai sservice3rvarv ice in rellrelirellionreligionionlon classroom fe-fewcewt nenmenngn can equal his ability energy and spiritual power hunhundredsnedshe of young students at brbrigham11channhannham young university flocked to his classes to receive 2 spiritual rebirth not long ago a returned serviserviceservicenanservicemancetancenantian told mee about an address deliverdellverdeliveredod by Bbrother braimbroimbrojn in california to a large number of soldiers he said the effect upon the men was electriceleceloc briebric brother brown hasliasilas another gift that should be mentioned that is his ability to0 be both leader and companion of young people kepe isls atnt oneooncoon c sympathetic and sensitive to their points of vieuview andankana they trust and respect his judalyudeljudgmentu 11011 t

in 1937 i henffioneffion president brown was called to oresideforesidepresideoreside over the

ericish 1assiondssionliissionliisilisills sionslon hrlir C K JarJanjanaesonjannesonjarniesonniesonnlesonaeson barrister andnd solicitor of canada wrote an editorial concernircconcerning mr broidroundrewnbrownrn for the calgary alberta

at the present tiietime april 6 16816396i tietlethe firstrltirst presidency or thetho highest councouncilicil cfef the cchurch1 lurcnluran of od the dcdeadectrine and covenants of the church of jesus cliristcloristLS ofj DitordastordaJL ailtsaints saltsaita UE ciejie 1 lakslakedakedako ci-cityk y utahih thetiietite church of j13jesussuseus christ of atteatterlatteriatter day saints 1952 P 196 consists of david 0 hclayhckay11c7ay president andriprophet of the church huzhaighchuzh B brounbrown first couioelorcatlcotl iselse nathannatqanqxn eldon taitannerTaxiner second counselor thorpe B isaacisaacsonson counselor and alvin R dyer counselor

aks3ksAs of december 31 196791961.9679 the LDS church membership waswacwag 26l42614 30140143400 as reported in the article statistical record shows growth church section of deseret rowsnewsnows salt lake city utah p 15 4sidneysidney B sperry nughhughbaugh B brobrounbrowntin assistant of the council of the twelve imorovementimprovement era LIIIIZII december 1953 98384983 84 3 newspaper the bertanalbertanalberiank1bertanAl in the eioieloieibieloreditorialCL U 1aaa1 mr jamieson said in my opinion ILmr brown has all the qualifications necessarnecessaxnecessaryy to represent any organization in any company and under any circumstances of good appearance careful speech dignifdigniadignified5 ed and thoughtful Piannerannarnannernannarplannermanner and moderate and toloranttolerant views towards others he idilwill soon dispel by his dedemeanoreanor and nannermanner of living any doubts which strangers nihtminightmightht ontentertainontertainentercainenterertainereaincainoain toward the faith which man he has always followed heilellelie is a studioustudious3 a sin- cere and loyal man and an eloquent man richardrochardruchardpochard L evans narrator for music and the spoken word the adelywidely known rational broadcast of the salt lake tabernacle choir has said the following10 about president brown

his power to touch intimately andnd lulLuiforgettablyimforgettabluiforgettably y the hearts andarldarid 1ilveslivesai4i res of young people includes encourage- ment to question freely and sincerely but ath faith and vithwithinithenith respect for facts and for authority and for the eternal titruthsathsachs he is an uncommon man approachable lovable 1hunanhumanlimanixmanaxman coullecourageouseolusOolus forthright dedicated to lifting lives athmth a 171.7arnthrarmbharnayn th that comforts that encourages that gives real and solid hope to the repentant the waTardwaywarddard the wanderingNP 11dering0 to tthoseioselose who have made mistakes anand9 to those Txhothoahoto are Anceancerelysincerelyoincerelyrely searching and seeking Llnlynnn southam 979.71971.97 studenbcdystudentbcdy president of brigham young uni- versityversity paid the follow rinigbinign-aigcigig tribute to president brown

zealous in hhisLs testimony inspiritinspirininspiring in theuhe tdaraaTaamajestyjesty of his bearing never ceasing in hishiishlishils devotion to the church albarsalwarsalways our brother president Bbrounbrown2otm for you we are very thanthankfulkfulkaul itopcfuhopefullyly yoayou can feelfeelseelseei from uss all that we feelfeolfoelfool fofor you ththithlthisi s day as a group of youthful minds and hearts werl e feel inclined to listen to one who as lie speakszpeaks Jimpressestresses us that he has experienced much thatthab61 zaczaoc we noinotnow find in life your analanaianalociesanalogiesocies and perporpersonalsoral reflections have fastened bonds of appreampre

5cac K Janiesonnlesonjamieson the bertanalbertanalberianAl Iliaylayilayeaymay 8 1937 editorial page quoted in improvementimprovepient kraera XLKL july 193791937 hoibol40101 6richargricharrichardd L evans Foforwardnyard in continuinglhecontinuing the quest by hugh B brown p x i-

elation upon our affections for you 1wea in our youth find ididentityentity withU whatlatbatiat yoliyoayou say and find puriyarypurypurposeyo se in how you live there is a noble didignityc nityanity in your bearing and your words impel the listenlisteningin7ina heart tobo now and betterbotter resolresolvesvos As oneona wehowhoi0 standstands as a lattlatterr day prophet you stand especially tall in our minds as a man As uewe become ththewhe ziozlot t of the latter days we A u1ua tsmenesmen whom recognize thee mastercrafmastermastercraftsmoncraf throuchthroughID thom thetho lord works emblyhmblyhumbly we pray for ycuyou and the brethren who stand lathirith you would to god thatV we reirr1irnightmightht all stand together some day in those eternal worlds it is more than a blessing to have you here dardurour spirits yearn now to feel your messagemassage and from c-cnrcarcorar sousoulssouss we thank god forrorcorL pr you because you are always therethore for so marymany of us

again because of the stature of 1thebhewhe man the nosition3positions hhe has

held and the speaking haho has done I1 believe this study 01of rughenghhugh1 B brown will be a valuable contribution for those desidosidesiringangongjng to gain an effective and persuasive speech style particularly liin the area of homiletics

PURPOSE the ehichiehlchiefchloff purpose of this study is to deterlinedeterainedetdeteroinedoteraineerdineeroine thetho elements of

speech style chihwhih play the motnot dominant irolsolesoiesdolsdoisiolesolgs in five of duhhuhliu tiitil71i TD3.3 browns addresses dreserdresenpresenteded tobo hethe ztu6enthodyotudenfcbcdy andendsaadsandanad faculty cf tha bihbibrighamh m young jniversifyuniversity I1 feel thathatthalthabL thJ s study is warranted for the following reasons 1 1 histhischis is thene ffirstJ rst study to present a rhetorical criticismcm of the style of a ileliylivinialiviniz 1conionkonionlurlorlormonauriurnonmon leader and 2 the addresses analyzed for thisohisohls study cover a srancran of kerskehsyesyeayersyearsye rsrs 195519551961967q196 in which 1111I lughai1i B riroairobrownrn has become a rnationallylationall y ric bcdmcdncd church and civic leader

71ynnaynniynn southsouthernm scudentbcdy head luesludslanctlandlbludss tifelifetice 0of Proopresprospresidentident brown church section deseroeserdeseleejee news saitsasaltit lake city utah fefebruarybrearybraary 25 19679196 POP 10 5

elREVIEWviesvlesVIEJ OF PVIOUS studdsSTJDISSSTGDDS 80 an examinationdmardnationadnation of Knknowelsknowersknowozsowersowens index Ladiindicatescates that iwhilearllekiekia there 9 have been several ttheses111eses trittenwritten on mormon speaking movements and orators no thesis has been iwritten on hugh B brobrownvm other mormon speakers who have bean subjects of rhetorical

studies include georregeorgegeogre Q camioncannon orson pratt B H roberts george

A snithysmithysnithsmith brigham young and joseph smith founder of the montmowtnormonmormon church other investigations of public speaking which hahavere occurred in the mormon church include speaking on behalf of the 1elfarewelfare1 plan in the mutual improvement associations the missionary system the general conferences thletheeth idaho suffrage debates the religious broad-

castcastinginF of the LDS church and the 11oiloiioibi110mormonrmon non 11monnonormon controversy in 10 iiiili111illinoisinoiainoi S the important works concerning 11mormonormon orators unichwhichmnich have helped me considerably in foraformformulatinglating ideas for this study are horrismorris

11 12 il ealing youngyoungs 121.2io ClinclingerclingertsgertsIDgergs study of pratts sealdngspeakingP and kokennethnncth toung study of cowlenscowleycowleysCowleys speaking clinger analyzed twelve of parley P pratts

p bfranklin8franklinfranklin H knowerksoweryknowery graduate theses an index to graduate work in speech and drama sohsopS opoocpchech elonopraphsmonographs reschrescresearcharch editions volvoi1161 llyily119II11 no 1 10193535 to and incincludingid1nidanudin g vol XXXIV no 3 1671967 eleBleeyeginningbeginning rithhithnithirithwithmithinithi XVIIXVTIX VIIvil the above title ccludcockcludes the words and araniadramabramaananiapraria11raria 11 911ornionhormonmormon is a narenaifiename cccommonlyionly ususdbsdd to refer tobo the churchurcixgligil of jesusjasusjosus christ of J afterjatter day saints i 0 Ssee bibliography 11ungabpublishedjnpublishedunpublishedJn lishledlishley thesesthesos and dissertations 11 11Lorrismorris 111 clinger an analysis of twelvei telvbelv speoopeospeechesches of parlerparleybarley parker pratt hormonmornionmormon orator unpublished hastensnastarsiasterlasterlastarbaster s thesis department of speech brigham toungyoangyoung university 1961946

i p 12kcnnethkenneth lloydlioydmoyd young A quantitative analysis of matthew Cowcowlenscowleycowleysleys use of the illustrative 1method or oral support unpublished mastermasters thesis brigham young university 1966 6

1 sermons to detdetermineeriLine tho eleneienelemelementsntsants of speech sstyle1yieyle the notmotmotivelive appeals 13f 3 and use of the eloeiooloelementsments of interest13interest vilviiwhichdchach were most characcharaecharacterscharacterischaracteristicteris ticlleule of pratespratlpratallsalls style young analyzed forty five of matthew cowlenscowleyscowloylsCowcomleysloys sprcprspeechesechesaches to deterdoterdetermineadnendne the ariountamountlountbount of illustratlillustratoillustrativeve material used and the 14 doiidoiirinondominantrinon motive apheaappeaappealsLs involved in cowlenscowleysCowleys public spe-speakingaking benignus J cloonansc1loonansCloonans examination of st31 francis of assisisassimisAssisis spospeakingaking style virginia C mccallistersmcclallistersMcCallistersilsters study on peerpeterpear marshall wyatt saisalyerssajyerssahyerssawyerSajyers study concerning 111 1 L ollOlioliphantjhant and victor C franks investigation into tititithIIIItheie sermonic techniques of the lutheran hour 193148115193119011819311848115l8la were readroad to stimulate thought in methods of procaprocedureditredutre althoualthoughlh the formats of these studies dierevierewere not used they served as illustrations of different types of speech analysis

anallyfinally in seelseeiseekinglciiv satisfactory criteria for analysis of highhaghhugh1

B brolbroidroldrownsbrownsma ls speaking style the folloifollonfollowingringning djdissertationsssertatssercsertattakeionsuions proved useful

kenneth W robinsonrobinsons study on some classical discussions of style

liaroldaroidharoldharoidT A 1lal11millerslilill ci Is comparison of the forms of support used in contemp-

orary american Protprotestantostant palaitpalpitpaipalpit address and elbert 17 jones A stadystudy of interest factors and motive114otive appeals in rhetorical theory 16 withwath special reference to invention style and arraauraarrangementiv robin sonisconiscons study presenpresentsLO definitions of style by classicclassical11 rhetoricians such as Lrilristotlearistotlestotle iatolatoaiatoplatopiato cicero quintilian longinus etc lailerballer1allermillerss study cites ininterestingleresceres linglengteng similarities and differences in supporting inatomaterialsrials used in the pulpit as opposed to ol01otherothor fornsformsforrascorns of aubacpubacpublic

l3clingerclinger parley P pratt ppap1 its1163163.161 14 loungyoung matthew cowley p 2 15 see bibliography unpublished theses and dissertations 16ibid 7 address jonesjones1jonesb stadystudy proved to be valuable because it discusses the sapis1piilariticssimilarities and differences in the definitions of interest factors and motive appeals as interpreted by prominent rhetoricians

PROCEDURE

A brief biography of hugh B brown is included so that a better understanding of the man and his speaking may be obtained

U in analyzianalyzeanalyzingnaC lielletheile five speeches each speech has been transcribed from original un5unauneditedciteddited tapes this information was verified by mr dean van uitert supervisor audio operations brigham young university 17 all five speeches analyzed for this study were presented to members of the brigham young university provo utah studcntbodystvidcntbody and

cultyfacultyLa the five speeches and the dates of their deliverance are as follows 1 profprofile11 e of a prophet october 4 1955 2 whatwhat Is man

and what he kaymay become 11 11march 25 1981958 3 purity Is power 3cptemseptem- ber 30 1962 4 continued learringkeylearning key to progress june 9 1965

andard 5 father are you thetheretherara october 8 1961967 reasons for select-

ing thesethose speeches for inalyzationsnalyzationanalyzation werewece 1 1 the listeners ininvolvedrolvedholved an a and segisogisoglsegiriantsegment11 riant in these addresses are representative of larelaneiarelameiame prominent 1

J 1 mr n- Ihe CLI broBTWJTS toa 2 ie the collegeclrcir populace of Is tottotalual audielaudienceice unaltered

copies of tape recordings of the originalE speeches were readilbeadilreadilyy obtain- able from the audio operations department of the brigham young univuniverunivorr

17tiiathawha verification was in the form of aa letter to me from mr dean van uitert supervisor ludloaudioludko operations brigham young university eaymaytay 13 068968106819681 68 8 sity and 3 the dates of presentation are sufficiently distributed to allow for moremoro reliable generalizations to bebe drdramannarn concerning virmrvcr bronnbrownbrowns vocal style the audience makeupmake up of all five speaking occasions consisted of both sexes and they consistconsistedrd mainly of members of the mornmormonmormonmormon church however I1 believe this investigation will show some differences in hugh B broibroldroldrownsbrownsIs speakspeakingcing style due to the different kinds of meetings in whichw1dch the speeches were presented for instancastancoinstance profile of a prophet and what Is man and khatwhat he may become were delivered daringduring regular weekly formal devotional assemblies which are held in the day tinetimeterae at the george albert smith FieldhoufieldhousefieldhousaFieldfieldhousohousaso on thetho brigha-brighamm young university campus with a seating capacity of ten thousand persons purity ispowerIs power and father are you there were also presented in the george albert smith fieldhouse but on sunday even- ings in a nore relaxed informal setting and continued learningL arningPaningrning key to progress was presented during an educationaliieoucational leadership week

assembly with approyapproximatelynatelmatelmatei y 500530GO persons in attendance during this address the audience only hearheazheardd hugh B browns voicevoicavotee as he answered

prearrangedpre arranged questions A large picture of Presidpiesidcntpresidentpresidcntcnt broibrolbrownM appeared on a szireenscreen batbutbratbrut he was not televised because he was havhavingfing dental work dono during that week 181101A

each spiochsp3ochspracch has been analyzed ass to 1 1 date and occasion 2

theruhe number of words per speech 3 the dorunantdorndoruantentemtnant impelling motives 4 Iveieeteeverbaliverhalrhal supporting materials 5 factorfactfactorsractor or s of attention and

chis18phisrhis information was given to me by telephone on junejuno 20 39683.968196891.9689 by dr erlearlearieri C crockett academic vice president brigham young university provo utah 9

ll figuresllfigures of speech 6 factorsfactorsfac torsbors of intelligibiintelligibilityty 11 and 7 factors of fledbilfledbilibyityltyalty 11199 these imotamotmotivesives and factors represent the prominent critelcriteriaia of style as accepted and presented in many of todays college texts

each speech text contains marginal notations 11lo100 o help the reader

easily recoSrecognizenize exarexanexamplespiesples of0 the different criteria involved in this study the arrangement of the mamarainalmarginalrainal notations is as follofollowsalsvls the left marixinalmarginalmarixinal rotationsnotations ritrithoutwithouthout parentheses designate the dodardoddrdominantant iniimpellinpimpellingocilanr motives while thetho notations within parentheses denote the

dominant sudsuosusupnprjino nortlnp riatpiatplatmaterialerial the giratriratright marmarrinalmarginalrinalninal notations Trithoutmthoutwithout parentheses denote the aodominantionantbonant factors of attention uhliewhile the nota-

tions within the parentheses designate the donindomindominantrantzant fiaflafipfibresfabresuresU res of speech each speech is followed by a discussion of rvmy analysis evaluation and interpretation of the data obtained frofromcromra the particular speech I1 then give a simsummarylaryiary and make cofcoticlusionsinclusionsconclusions concerningconcerrconcern ing 1nr brobrosalsnls style based on the totaltoballobalbobal Jfindingsfjndingsjnc1j1n 1 of alallaalaaiU five speeches tablestabios have been used for clarity whenwhaenw1aen deemed necessary I1 coricludeconclude this study by

bo mr offering recoiziondationsrecoil icndations for furtherfua7thcir investigations in regardcl to lir broibrolbronm ardand to other aleasareas not covered by my study

CRTTSTUACBITARIACRTTSTUA OF ANALYSISANTALYSIS likaikAIMAND dsads1dgitiol71nition OF tebTERferiis204152011520 in this study arthurarbhur phillipsphihipshhipsp inpql1j0ja totjvpsvs have been

19 11 19forforpor a dotaileddetailed enplanstionexplanpriun olof01 these ternstornsterms see criteria11criteria of analysis on pavespages 9239 23 of0 this study 20all of the definitions of ternstornstermstomms in this chapter have been taken verbatim from the sources indicated therforetheoforeTherfore quotation marks have been eliminated 10 used to ddetermineborruorr unelne theie dordondominantinantanant rotinorotivomotive appeals of hugh B browng s 21 mr sj im mo aivesdives1ives speakispeakespealdngniCD style Phillipphillipsphillipsjphillipse definitions of pollingimpellingt mobiles were chosen because his inventory of impelling 1 otivesmotives is one of 22 the most inclusive lists in contemporary speech textbooks also his impelling motives have served as the basis of criteria for other4

mr ps naniman rhetorical studies 4 philliphillipsphil lips describes lrite1linaimpelling motives as nallsnaiasnahasis 23 spiritual intellectual iroralorairoraimoral and material wants thetho impelling h motives24 are defined as follows

selfse1fp reservationrgservationpreservationrg servation the desire for freedom fronfrom disease fire and flood freedom

U fronfrom podsporspersonalonalonai injury or pain freedom from those tilingsbilingslunosidnps13 not only

whilewhlig on ear-earahearbhk h bat in the hereathereafhereaftertertor heaven as opposed to hell

property

the desire for goods lands and nonmonnoneymoneyey wealwealthth

2larthurarthur eided ardtardzrd7ard PhilphillitsphilliasphillipsliTs effective speaking chicago the nto eytonpyton 2 nc etonenon cocompanyi 1omyony 1908 appp 485648 56 222 thisthis conclusion was reached by neme aftaafterr carccarefullyfullyrully reading elberteibert W jonesjonesfjonesb A study of berestinterestIn factorspactors1 and loticelotiveimutilive appealsappeals11 in rhetorical theory sithillthirithirlthwithinith special reference to invention style and arranpeipeileneleno published ArranarrangementCoeioel ieno uailunpublishedublished doctoral disserdissertaiondissertationtaiontalon orthiicstoinorthucstomn university 1950 PP 3158801588315488015488315015 88 this study in aidialdiadditiontion to examining the teachings of the classical rhetoricians discusses theche uso of notivemotiveimotiveemotive appeals and interest factors as defined by the following modern day rhetoricians arthur E phillips james A inansfinans jamesjaines M Sl oneil and andrew T weaver lew I1arettsarett and williwilliamwillizmlmzm T fosterfostor and alan H 11monroeonroe pphillips2phillipsphillips effective srcaarcasecalinspcalinSpealincalin p 48 41bidsl 4 2tb2cl 5 P 48568 56 11 power

the desire to pocsspocaspo chosscsoss skill force energy along every line of endeavor the ability to be and to do itu includes the desire to possess intellectual moralmorai and physical strength the desire for authority and influence the ability to sway and control men reellRCreputationelitation the desire for good opinion and good tnirillarill of others it is born of selfseif resdectresneckresnect and pride all normal persons seek the esteem and racrardregardjacrard of mankind they find pleaspleasurepleasureareure in being known as honest upright kind genegencgenerousrouscous noble intelligent scholarly and the like and they find pain in being knoknownvn as dishonest unfair stingy ig-

noble 9 dull 9 lonionignorantG orant 0

affectionsL

the desire for the ielfarewelfare of others kindly concern for thethachebheohe interestsMterests of mother faherfather wife on daughter sweetheart friendsilendsj

any being hunanhuman or divine 1 a 0

sentiinents the desire to be and to do what is right fair honorable noble

1 true desires associated eithvithwith intellectual sndandi nd moral cuculture1 ture it embraces duty I1liberty independence and also patriotism considered as a norlmorlnoramora obliaoblipobligationationaaion

tastes the aesthetic desires the finer pleasures of touch taste smell

hearing sight the love of rnusicmusic paintipaintingngyngg sculpture oratory poetry drama the love of the beautiful and the sublime in the works of man and nature 191

alan H monroe adand doudoulasdoulacboulaclaglas enningersejanincerlsEnningers Princprineprinciplesioles and types 0 25 sj3cc has bcenacen used to define herhalverbalverhal sunsudporjbluiolui n iainaterja ter1 aal factfactoija ct0oiji of0 f attentiona tt n tjon actorsfactors of int115intolliibilityib and factorsfactors of ffaf3leexibllitycibal-I monroe and ehnnsersehn21naerls definitions have been used primarily because

their book principles and tyuestynesillpfillp 2 afpf0 L soochspoachspocch is one of the most videly used college speech texts at the present time alsoa3aa so their lotstotslists1 Corlcoupleparepace favorably vithwith others bobothlh classical and modern of the 269 above dientadientmentioned1ioned material and factors monroe and ehninger describe vgblverbal susumortinsujjorlnmortinsamortin jjjjjrnatermateimater lalial1l- as the natematematerials131als which proved tha mrexplanationplanation andaridarld proof upon which undeunbeunderstandi stand 112727 ing and belief rest the purpose of supporting imaterials is

to clarflclaralc3arlfy1 fy to amplify or to establish the major points or conten r2828 tionseions oiof your smoechspoechspcecn 29 monroemonroe m OLSaws and ehningerehningcr0 define verbaLverbalsuverbal suppsu 0 r linbinuinr ateriala1 asals ffollows

explanation an explanation is an expository or desedescriptiveoiptive passagepassages the purpose of which isjs to make a term concept process or idea clear and 4 intelliintelligiblegiblo it may also set forth thetahet1he relationship betbetweenicenioenloen a whole and its parts usually explanation involves exposition alone but

SOPICsometimestinestimes otherothor fornsforrisforms of supporting material also may be ulusedledjed

H monroe do eglas EII1 s and rianaklan2klanalan and douglasjelasiglasc mingorehningerfingormingor principleprinciples ffljcsirpcs ofoj speech atlotlath6thh edtedsed glenvjowg1cnv n i illinois scott foresmnForesforesmanresnbresnmnan and company 19377 26jones26jones study of interestInterost factorsfactorstfactoristFacpactorst and motive appealsAppoalseatsoats PP 31588315488315 4 88 27 monroe P jjiclplesLiciclesicioles and rypescypeses of speech p 153 28 loc cit 29 ibid appp 156172156 172 13 analogy or comparisoncompacompg rison

in an analogy or comparison similarities are pointedL U out between something wlwhichachdch is already known understood or believed by the audience and something which is not at times also viewe nayrmymayamy clarify an idea by comparing it with something which though quite different in naturenatura yet exhibits similar characteristics cror relationships

I1ilustrationillustrationiluliu stratjantjpn an illustration is detailed example of the idea or statement to be suDsupportedsudportedsunportedsunsuoported it is the narration of an incident to bring out the

point you are trying to make 0 1 hypothetical illustration an imaginary narrative 2 factual illustration a narrative that describes in detail a situation or incident that has actually occurred

3 ecificecifjlc instance A specific instance is an undeveloped illustration or example I1instead of describing a situation in detail you merely referrofer to it pointedly and succinctly in passing

statistics114 J I1 L statistics are figures used to show relationships among things to pointpo nt out increases or decreases to emphasize largeness or to

show hoitholthoirhow ooleoieoneie phenomenon affects another

tetestimonys tiratina

wienmienwhen a speaker cites verbatim the opinions or conclusions of others he is using testimony 14 restatement restatement is not meremore repetition it consists of saying same one more each the thinthingthengll11 over or times batbut saying it time in a new and different way

El AcaccordingcordinaC tobo monroe and iningerehninger the factors 0of attention are those aualitiesqualities of subject matter whichwhi ch usiusuallyally capture andnd hold the spontaneous attention of an audience 303 the factorsfactors of0 f gtattentionalattention3ltentiobentio n include activity the more active or animated the idesldesideasedeas and ovoeventsntsants yonyouboiivoiivoll alk about the more ingcntlyin gently people will listen moreover the speech as a whole should rnoveinovemove reality interest in the Liiniediateimmediate the concrete the actual proximity

A direct reference to soisolsomeoneeone in ththee ailaudienceelleellodiioncediioncenco to some object

hangl nas sttccuicrcd near at handhandlhandt to some incident which has iijust occurred to0 o the inhinnimm-e ediate occasion on which the speech is beirbeinbeiro o ademaden to some remark of the preceding speakspeakeror

fanfamfamiliarityjliariy some sone thirlesthingsU which are not ne-nearr at hand at the moment are none

the less familiar to us because of the frequency w2wawithfif I h which we ri-meetet

3434onroe5monroemmonroeonroe and ehninger principles and typeses of speech p 210 31 31ibidibid 9 appp 210214210.214210 214 15 them in our daily lives the familiar holds attention only thenwhenihen

sonetsomething1aapanp or iwhen soniesonesomiesomesomse it is introduced in corneecornecconnectiontion with 01 unfamiliar hen

I fresh or ucknounknounknownvm aspect of it is pointed0 o ntedanted out novinovtnoveltyt

we pay attention to 1that which is new or unusual this would appear to be tha reverseroversecoverse side of the familiarity coin 1 sie objects that areprere estrerextrerextremelyely large or extremely small attract our attention 0 0

2 contconbrastcontrastcastoast at a forifociformaliallallai dance evening clothes pass unn- oticed butout let a student come to class so dressed and he immediately becbecomesonies the centercontercontor of amused attention

C1 suspenseJU S p2pans e hold the attention of your audience by pointpointingjlnf out rrresultssultssuits the

5 cause of whichwhich musemuso be explained ol01or by calling attentattentionattentionon toL0o a forfouforcefoucece the effeffectactect of ohlehwhich is wicormieoruncertaintain conflict

1 the oplopioppositionosit 1 on of forces coilcoticompelspelspoispols attabtabtcntlonlitaitiit i o especiallyly if theulde listlistenerslenersoeners identify thestheselirestheiselvesthemselvestheither eliresselves tidithth ono of the co itendirgitendingintending sides in a sense conflict is a foifolfornformirilriici ofor atiatlactivityvity bulbuu it is norenoromoremoro thanthon that o i1 is allalaaiaalsoaiso0 o a clash or struggle betbetirceneenoen corcouconcomcarpetingcorpetingpeting desdosdesires11 resras or actions often thetho 01outcome1 ucolLCOI ne suggests uricuncertaintyertaentair ty butn tt even whenriiril ienlen there is little doubt of the outcome the coreorcombatbat itself rahsraws attention

hu Oooror

laulaughter11 hterahter indicates enjopqentenjoyiient and people pay attention to that which they ajoynjoyenjoy feifelfew things in fact will hold an audience as well 16

as the judicious use of humor it provides relaxation from the tension which other factors of attention often create and thus prevents fatigue while still retairrefairretainingai ng contolbontol over the thoughts of the listener the vivitalvitaitaltai

people daypaynay atllentionclentionattentionlaenLlenuaention to those things which affect their lives or health their reputations property or employment if you can show a man that what you saw concerns him or his family directly he nearly always will consider your discussion vital and will listen intently if thetho other eight factors of attention arc important in speaking0 this one is indispensable S 0 11

A persons speakingC style depends not only on the langlanguageilageLiage he uses but also how well he uses the language to comracomnpin5catecomrmarianiami1icateacate his

i message to his listeners for this reason I1 have inclinciincludedudod withinetlatlett1 dn my criteria factors of vocal style which monroe and ehninger describes as the factors of intelligibility and the factors of flexibility 0232 in discussing the intelligibility or understandability of monroe speech and ehningerc1ca state that five separate but related factors involved are 11ltiltiitic1111 l the overall level of volume or loudness 2 the duration of sounds athinwithin individual syllables 3 the choice and sequence of words 4 the distinctness with which sounds are articaarticu

32 monroe and Ehniehningernaer principles and types of speech appp 829882 98 0 17

tiyo1133 lated and 5 the stanstanlandstandardlardland of pronprornnciationinciationincitation that is observed 33 eolunevolumei or loucinossLoucinessnossclnosscl probably the nostmost important single factor in intelligibility is the loudness at lichilichmichimichi you speak voice iariwillwyllwyli be anfffecteafectedreefed by the type of imicrophone the amplifying cystcystcmcm and the loudspeakerloadloud speaker no invariable rule can be given since equipment variesvariosvarlosvanvam os videlywidely

syalSyllsyllableablaableabie duration the second factor that affects a lisilslistenerlcnerlss ability to rnderstandunderstandimderstand whatlat you say isDS the duration of sound itithinwithin thethobhebho syllables you utter

extierimentalexpcrinental evidence seems to show that the intintelligibilityellieiellieaL bilitrilita of speech how muchmuehnuannucn the listenlistenerr hears accurately dedependspends moreraoremone crlcrien sylla- IAblee duration than on the overall rate of speaking

fipjchoifips cc0 andan sequenceecrucnce of otsorsorawordsor3

thetiietileL acouacousticstiestio difference between certain indiindinindindualabdualdualadual sosoundssojndsandsznds oftenorten is too nalinallmallsnallgnall for cleirclear differentiation if all the other sundsrounds in the word are the same mnovhorevermaoi ever pospossibleabieahle try to choose woniswords

that cannot be iiimj115stakenstareniiistaken in context

distinctness of articulationartjaraj lationcelationculationcu good articulation is chiefly the job of the jajavjaw onfreonfue ndind lips

0 0 in earlishenrlishenglish failure to odenopen theth jassa is adequately is a serious

fault bocaubocakbecause je leaningici caningining is larlargelytely comoyecommyeconveyedd ab1bbyr con-cocsonabsonant sounds and cannot be made taeime longaolonguocon uc enough these effectively unless ID isi tgiven

room to move even bhe ralfpalfmiliff vigorously1111 the vowel sounds are likely to be raiffledraifmiliffledledfledfied if the jatjaijatisjawsis are kept irrinimmobileobileoblie

331bid331031T bidhidwid appp 828982 89 18

the tongue has more to do irithwith the distinct formation of speech sounds than does any other organ even when the jaujaw is opened ade- quatelyquately the sounds produced cannot be sharp if the tongue lies idle or moves sluggishly all the vowels depend partly on the position of the tongue for their distinctive qualities 0 finally a great deal of indistinctivindistinctiveindistinctivenessness could be avoided if speakers took time enough to get each sound out clearly instead of

jujumblingibling successive sounds togetherCDP acceptable pronunciation

if you fail to pronounce words acceptably your listeners idilidilwill not be able to grasp easily and quickly the meaning or significance of iffiatijhat you say even if your words are recognized any peculiarity of pronunciation is almost sure to be noticed by some of bheudho people in your audience and the mistake not only iilaylilay distract their attention from your thought but may discredit your knowledge and authority as a

STsteakersneakerspeakereaker 0 0

after discussing the importance of the factors of intelligibility monroe and ehninger contend that speech that11that is easily Litelintelligi-leelligi ble may yet be dull to listen to moreover it inaymaylay filrilriifeilrallrail to eoricoricommunicaterm wicateacate

to the audience the ffullfuliL111311 me-measureasure of thoughthought and feeling which the sneakerspeaker iwishes to coconveyconvoylivey 343 the authors believebelicvobelievo that there astmstmust be certain iliitiactorsfactors of flefieflexibilitydbilityll ifJU a speaker is to accurately express his shades of meaning and emotion monroe and ehningerehnlnger3hninger list the following factors of flexibility 11lstistcsto1111 l rate 2 force 3 pitch

yibidqibid rp 89 19

it 35 4 emphasis and 5 vocal climaxclipiqC rate most persons speak between 120 and 180 words a minute however a uniform rate is notnocnoonog maintainmaintainedod rithnithirithinithi clocklike regularity in normal speech the speech 0ofL uteranceutteranceuttezance11 corresponds to the thought or feeling the speaker is attempting to trantransmitsinit Ideightyweighty complex or serious ideas tend to be expressed more slowly lightlights humorous or exciting

1 platteisPiatplattersplatteisters noremore rapidly lloahoweverever tthothabhoha enthusiastic butbu poispolspolsipoised1 individual who is in complete corcommandditanodinandarnanO of his limaterialkateri 11 and of the spospeakingakingoking situationkhua U n varies his rate using thisthid variation to convey the intensity cfof his convictions and the depth of his feelingfeelingss

TNthrotwoto elements determine a speakerspeakers rate thesethege are quantquantityLJL or the length of time used in the actual utterance of a sound within a word and dausenausepause or the cessation ol01of sound between thordwordswhords theehe longer the quanquantitytillytilty or pause or both the slouerslower the overall rate the shorter the quantity or pause or both the faster the rate

12rceforce it is a basic responsibiliresponsibilitytittvrtirt of any speaker to use adequate

i ococalvocal force to0 o talk loudly enough to be hearheardheaddhearaldl easily A certain amount an of force also is needed 9 however if the speakespeakospeaker is to CDgive sugo impression of confidence and vigor calidtalkingnvID too sefsofsoftlytlyaly suggestssugoestsC ests that you are not saresure of yourself or thatthabthau you do not believe deeply in

hatwhatv you are saying on the other hand continuous shouting wears out an audience and dissipates attention fithsithaithjith force as rithaithjithwith rate variety should be your guiding consideration

351bid351bidibid appp 899889 98 20 pitch

justjuet as singersingerssingersfsf voices differ so do people in Cgeneral varyai y in the normal pitch level at whichlibijadij1di ch theythoy speak nothingnothNotyLing improves the animations and vivacity of speech so much as effective pitch variation emphasis obviousobviouslyly all forms of vocal variety help provide emphasis any change of rate or of force or of pitch serves to make the word phrase or sentence in which the change occurs stand out fro ii those which pre- cedecode or followfollow it ardandard the greater thetho amount of change or the more ssuddenly it is effected the more emphatic will the statement be vocal climax frequently a speaker expresses a thought or feeling thatth t risesrises ststeadilyadailyadily in power until it5 t reaches a point ohorewherewhore the strongest appeal isLs made there are two methodsme thois of expressing vocal climaxc lax the1I e first involves increased vocal poipolpowerbor7or the second decreased vocal power coupled itithrithirith increased feelingfooling or obionemotionem the f-firsti rst method is easier and more frequently used the second rcquitesquiresrequires more skill but is often more effective there are times when these two types of climacclimacticac emphasis may

be combined or contrasted naennethefae speaker rfrayay build a climax of vocal

powerdoidolpoi ter and then sjingsisaingeinoelno rapidlyapidly and positivelypolitipositi rely into one of iotionalnotionalemotionalei intensity or he may show an inciincreasedenci eased intensity of controlled emotion followed by a climax of vocal power when such a shift of direction is motivated by genuine feelfeolfeelingI1 ng and enough tirtinetimeie is allowed to develop the climactic movement in each direction the contrasting swing gives 21 an added mrnientumraonentun to the second climax that can rarely be achieved by fmovingo vinn in one direction alono

fmiomlomaioma aristotlesarisArist otlesbeliefs writings doundodown to todaytodays modemmodern textbooks ifigifie11 figuresuros of speech have been elipenployedemployedioyedloyedboyed to give more lucid and interesting descrdescriptionsdescar 51 ptionspotions of man things and ideas therefore I1 believe it is irrortantimportantimportpnt for us to try to discover how oftenorten and what kinds of iffiguresfugures of speech rufhhufhrughhugh 3 broenbrown usesuscs to enliven his addresses john F ilsoniiisonibison and carroll C arnohdarnoddarnolds public Sspeakingspeakjngea inggnpinp zisjisas a 36 liberal ararlarbU has been used to define fifiuresfauresures of sdeeadeespeechh this text has b-beenen used to dodefinedofinedorinedeoinecineoineolne 11fimfiguresiresiros of speech because at the present it incorporates a majority of more commonly used 110hipfiguraflgurafiguresS 11 the authors describe fleresflares of speech as fornsformsis of expression other than those normally used they serve to intensify meaningsi r eanlneanongs they make their points directlyindirectlyLi by atLigststating things0 vividly jlnn terntermternstermss of something else they are not literally meant or interpreted they enhance ideas bbyY rakinamakinamaking thentherlthem more graphic and appealappealinging likalikodikadiko all comparisons contrasts and exemaexempexemplificationsifications figfiguresnares of speech are especially useful in translating the unlmomunknoitn into terirsteries of the known 137 188.8 wilson and arnold define figures of speech as follofollowsvis

siriilesirlstriSiriile A stated comparison between tihint1hinthingsgs which aro cssentiallyessentiallysentiallyaily

36t J johni F ilsonlisonwilsonl and carroll C arnold public spealdngsneaanea asgs a latorallaboraliabarajcraj artlrt boston alynlilynallynllynA lyn and bacon incinelneyne 195176d 37jbdj p 261 38il ibid9id appp 261264261 264 22 dissimilar except for the particular qualities allailalialludedabedaded to in the similesi nilemile such comparisons contain the ordswordsv ikeailikelglikelike1 or ass metaphor

an implied comparison betbetweeneen two essentiallyessen bially dissimilardiss ii 01 1 ar things linking wordswoddslords such as ilkeikelike or ass are omittedor 0 0 antithesis

the paralleled construction of words phrases or sentensentencescentences iihiolwhichwhjcha contain opposed or sharply concrastinggrastingcontrastingGrasting ideas

onomatopoeia

horddordword choice in which sound suggests the itcanincanincanincmeaningincino of the word

Alliealliterationration repetition of the initiainitial sounds in words or in stressed syllables

withwrithinwrithenalnjln woiwozvi dsoo 0 0

personification

doimenterdendoimentendowmentEndsr dormentoiment of objects animals or ideas iiitheiithwibh huhajianhujiannianolam aatfcribufcestlt lrL 1 butesautes

Ssiecdoche710cdoche the substitution of parts for wholes or of wholes for parts of

things 0

hyperbolehynerboleHynerbole

exaggerationtd or overstatementover statenent for the purpose of emphasisemphasisingemphasizinginelneing0 iriiniirn thoutphoutwithout deceiadeceivdeceivinginalnaino 0

irony

implies sobsomsoioothingelhin0 different from usually the opposite of what 23 what is stastaedstateded heyHeLhelnymmetonymynymX

substituting the name of some closely associated thingLD for thath3 name cf what is referred to climax thethacha arrangomentarrangementangenentangeangonentment of words phrases or sentences in series accoaccordingding to jnincreasingjncreasingcreasingincreasing value or strength of impact repetitionpetitionlon the reiteration of the sanesame words or phrases or sentences in allaerollaerorder to reinforce ideas

A punpun substitution of one word for another harlnharinhahavingrinxin ddifferentcfcrcnt meaning lut1utbut sindlar sound

conclusionsconciusionsOTJ T T T qtrt Q

I1 believe this study of the speaking style of hugh B browerowerom is a valuvaluableahleahie contribution to the field of steechspeech and rhetorical criticism for thath 3 fofollowingloilot tingning reasons 1 1 it introduces an outstandingoutsbandingouts landingbanding religious

sneakerspeaker to mermenmembersabers of the speech field 2 it dedemonstrates1 nlonstrat that the techniques used by bublipublipublicc speakspeakersors may helibeibLI 3 used effectively by those who preach 3 it pipresentsesnnts ranmancanymanyy excellent eximplesexamplesamples of tlthec various catcategorcategoryegor keo and 1 I shows hoibothotholbox r gre wiy hans without fully ieslesleoieo of style it clgreatlyere ily pelpeipolpolhansperhaps realizingrealising the fact lim brom39brown39 uses so many of the fundamentals of

39acco aage B R .1 brown accordingalingmling to hrsfiasmrs eulanedwin firlfirmageladelageiage daughter of hugh1 her fznfanfatherthcrtharthorthof has ireverrevernever received any foifolfornaiformaliialbial speech training this information was obtained by iimec jnjj a telephone conversation athmthwith mrs firmage on Jjulyalyuly 15155 1968 24 effective public speaking0 as taught by todays speech teachers h-

CHAPTER II11

hugohuguHUGH1 B br07drownBROWN94

40 m was on 24 granger a bughhugh broibrolbrown browndrown bom october 1883 in CD suburb of salt lakelako city utah he leasivaswaszeas the second son andnd fifth of fo jrtecm childrencfiildren of lonerionerbonerlomerhomerbomer eaniemaniemanjemanleyr andnrdnd lydia J brown 11bughhughgh wasas bombornboen on one of ttwowouvo farms operated by his father hovehowehoweveraerrer most of his boy-

hood rasoaswas stcnstanstonspentu on the second farm four 1 diesjlesjaesj1es north of the first farnfornfarmform houehousehouge bonerbomerhomer drobrobrondrondroundrowngrownn operated fifteen acres of orchalorchardd plums apples peachespe ch s and otherothor fruit as well as cows horses pigs and clilckonscijciuns piepiPresipreslpresiconte centcontident bro i credits his mother as being a seatzeatgeatgreat influence

in his life shesho tasvaswasjas the daughter of jacoiasdalasdarasjoiases S broerobrowndrownvm 1110lilo1whoiloiio110 mararbodarhodrhod eithhithwith

1 1 rho i the iiormon11ormoncormon attilionartilionesttqliconB andarvi whomho had been on thee scene whenwhon oidtoldgoldold was discovered near saltersssalternssatSalsuttautsternsl s rillhillhili in califoniiacaljfomia taictalcehenwhena 1foghgh as a nchildhah4ad1d hisiris mother told himom theththaa lord haschose chosenii you to be one of his lnntslants b E feora now 0 o I1 s spectxpectxpoct big thinthinsthingss ffombomt otaora you behave Yyourselfourel f lienbienuhenwhenhyen hughtlughblugh LJBS ruarfourteeneenreenr his fathelfather and elereleidereldereiereley er bbrotherothor journeyed

T T anda o a fajn1 hughlucillucliiuchiiuc1i mothmothe and yo to western cndaandaA n to tablishcablishestablish raizralzfaan 0 9 his or ingeryounger

1410 1 hughbugh B drown received his riidilwueaidalemidaleauemue name froobroorc f his mother lydia r 1 pv J brown this inforanforinforisinfori tiontitijnn was obtained from 1a jutyauty 111 98968 telep- T inonehone conversationconvers abionaulon withT irs edirui R Firfirnagefurnagenatenage caugnucrcr of iresicientpreidcut drounbrounirown iti

ill111241 41fiendellwendelleil J ashtonash tonbon Bbudhbughpughgh 3B Ebrownroviirovai of the cot-councili acilncil of thee tweletwelvtwelve 1 iwgltr mrovcrien a LXI nulenuiejeruleJ e 1958 393 466 42tbidabidL 466

25 26 brothers managed their grgrangeranger ffarnfarmarnarm

I1 1 romerler ihenjhen hugh was sixtesixteenenyeng he aandId the resrest of hohonerronerier browdrownsbrownsn s faintly joined their father on a 1000 acre farntarnfarmtarm at spring coul-couleee on the road hetbetweenioen cardstonbardstonCard ston and lethbridge alberta canada tjotootvotwo years 43 later in 1900 the broibrolbroinrn family novedmoved to cardstonbardstonCard ston

in 1904 hugh went on a tirotuotwo year romission to enaenglandland for his church TOhileuhliewhilehiie fulfillifulfillsfuifulruifulfillingfillimg this mission hugh had a severe case of iddneystkidneystcnescmesnes and heber J grant who iwasas thebhehe president of the british inismissionsionslon at that time suEsuggestedgested that huehhugh deturreturn1 home aitaltbut hugh answered

that presidentprosident grant would i a he would not have go that if Prosidentidant give hiairihirihirl blesblessingsincD to

hohomei ae frcsidentprcsidenb grant gave hinhim a blessing and rughhugh was made well and 44144 coipletericompleted a successful rrlarlmissionssionassion

two years after returning from his mission to england iTUhuthbuthhughh browndrown

Z young Teir narriedmarried zinana U cardoard on june 171 1908 in the salt lake teinterrieteirpietempleteimpiediedlepie hugh had known zina in CaoardCardristonhistonnIstoncarlstonston and uponuponupon returning horrhornhonnhorrehomehornehonnee hugh found that his rifefifewifegife to be had moved to salt lake city and was seriously datindating ano-

40 ther young riandiandlannanman accordiaaccordinaccordingb to4 president brown hhe made three trips to

10 salt lake city birstfirsbwirst to tell her my intentions second to1o convince 1145 herhec and thilthildthirdd to marry her zina brobrownvm is a grariddaughtgranddaughterr of arfbrfbrighambrzghamahamgham young and daughter of chalchaicharlesltasaltas ora card colonizer of southern 4646 alberta card also had the tountown of aisalsaaycardstonbardstoncaddCardaiy ston na llod after him

4411 letdocdoaloc cit 44lct I BR nathannabhan eldon tanner presideprcsidepresidentit 1 foghgh broenbrown of thethobhe first Presidpresidcnpresidenpresidencycncy improvement era alvLXIV austarA ustastust 1961 573 41 ashtonash ton council of the Ttwelvetelzertelzeq ll11 466 46 tanner first presidency t 52572522 27 hugh brobroanbrojnm and his irifarifeifeelfewifee eventually became the parellparenlparentss 0of eight chil 474.74hpbp dren one of wholwhonwhoma euthhuthhugh1 Iugh card brown lost irisMsleis liflifeilfee as a pilot in the 48 royal airmirmar force in horldhoridworld liarharilarwar II11

during these early years bhethebhe returned missionalmissionaimissionaryy imanagedtanianaged the cardstonbardstonCardston mercantile company and a hotel he also took sonesorriesome prelegalprepro legal 49HQ trainlicrtratrairlingirLingtd at the university of utah

in 19319101930909 lighrughhugh FR Bbrwonbrwjni otmoam vaswasas asked by the canadian government tobo raise a ridiiradiiliiilitialiatialla among the hormon rienniennenmen of Allibertaalbertaborta this he did 50 iwillinglytillingly and withmith good luccsuccsuccessess from 1915 to 1918 president broinbrown 51 served ialthwuhlth the canadian overseas forces with the rank of major J in the sujsujimersujurierurier of 1918 major broibrolbroinbroanbrojnm brought 1500 recrezrecruitsraitspaltspults from western canada to a military camp in letauaPetapetauapetawawahawawawacra ontario canada for trainingbraining

tono camp tobo 6 000ooo tond u 1 number troops 60009 this 11groupro broubrought133 ht the total of at thetho

1 during this time tbhetletie nenmen many of whom were firpiforpifornerformetformeri prison inmates

woreworo permitted no leave one evening about midnightndicandic Imajorlaj r brobrownviin iwasas

informed by a sordesergesorgesergeantnt that the inonmenmon were ripplirippingir ud tentsbentsbents and threaten-threabenroaten

ing to set fire to the camp 11hajormajorjor brombroin aithathjith thirty other officers

all unarmed ventwent out ibribointo11 to the drunken and shouting crowd thetho major climbed up on a table and beganbeamy tobo talkbalkbaikualk to thevaegae men about 2 anam a

b 9 l75idneysidney B sperry euahhuehhuahhugh B brombrownbromn assistant to the couichuicouncillellicilleli daberdabormaber 8485348534 of the relvenelvekeivetwelve imiroveiicntimprovement jsraesraera 9 LVI deceDecodecember 1953008419530084851953 348534.8585 481bideqibid 914

ashton tto111council of the titwelve 11 46746 50 50tannertanner first presidency 573 qin L Ggreen 11 LXVI doyle gleeneon call to highC office iriprovomentimprovement yraera november 193igo1903 93334933 34 28 tent peg ststrucksteuckm ck him on the back of0 thetho headhoad but he continued tilkingtalkingbilkingbikingilking whilerhijaitAiilellelie othersothors continued rioting a small group hadhladhead gathered around mamajormayorjor brobronbyontn and begbeganan to listen ihetieyioylo pleaded for the rensnensmens loyalty 52 by 5 ama order had re turnedburnedreturned to the camp this is just one example of hugh B broiBrovbrounbrownbrovnilsnils courage and dependence on the power of persuasionreireapea uasionbasion through words

at thethoghooho end of world war I1 hugh returned kobo alberta canacanada1I where in 1921 he was admitted to the alberta law soclkoclsocietyi ety as a 53 barrbarrister1steraster and solicitor in 1921 hugh 3 brown became the first 54 president of the leehbridge1hbridgelethbridge1 gibertaalbertaAlbertaborta canada stake also in that same year Presipreslpresidentdont brombrog had his first attack of tic douloudculoureauxdouloureauxreaux 11 according to the medical profession ththisthlethie disea-diseasese causes the most ccruciat5ng pain of any known malady for the next nineteen years

U U rn nagect U saghhaghhughaaaaah brown sufferedsniffI1 ered intermittent attacks 11 but still managed to ably

viivil carryca r on his law practicepi acticeactine and church duties finallyfinellyliyily in 1951945 5 whileillelile president of the british mission president brobrownjn returnedretucretu c ned to the united stastacesspacesles for surgery the opoperationoration saswas successful injn that aroidroidrownprownmlsmrs ifelifeilfe1 was preserved but the removal of a scaliscallsegmentent of the cable nerveneeve caused a paralysiss of the side of his face including half his tongue altlhouhalthough tbthists condition has continued it has not seemed to bother

speaaspea 11 ples rl ibeniban him his speakingingCD ability Piespisspresidentident i rcubnrcubenibcn clark jr orceonce asked

52ashdonashuonashfconL council of the twelverTwelve 1 46768467 68 53 53tannertanner first presidency 572 webstrwebstslebstars1 teblebsiarsstarssbars seventh new colle- 1 1 G & C 1 giate dictionary springfield mass heriman1 e riannian company 1963 8 10 ri ip 71 830810800J I1 defines barrister as a counselcounse1 admittedad iittedbitted to plead at the bar in the periorperlorsuperiorau courts of law and a solicitor as a person anitamitadmittedted to practice latrlaw and conduct litigation but accorded thetho right of audience only in inferior courts 11 541cc5 fcclcc cit 29 at the close of a sermon hugh if you can do that well with bastjastjustyust half a tongtongueua what would you do with a whole one55

in 1921927 ruahhuahrughhugh B brown moved to salt lake city and was admitted

B to the utah state bar fronfrom 1929 to 193519355 hughC brown was president of the granite salt lake city utah stake during the national election of 1934 ruoruohhuprupruphrughhughh B brown was an unsuccessful candidate for the united states senatesenatersenator56 president browndrown returned to the british mission heho was there when world war II11 began and helped evacuate the miisionariesmissionariesislonIsionariesarles fronfrom england and other european nations 57 daringdarlngduring the war hugh B brown served as ordinatorcoordinatorco of latteriatterlatten day saint sevicemenservicemenvicemanvicenencemen working withbrith fifteen assistant ordinatorscoordinatorsco who traveled among the thousands of church members then in the service also from 1944 until 1946 hugh 58CO B brown again served as the british mission Drespresidentident hugh B brown returned to the united states in 1946 andnd became a and co oor professor of religionC ordinatorcoordinatorordinallor of veterans affairs at brigham young university for the next four years in 1950 he returned to canada where he served as president and manager of the RicrichlandiLland oil 5969 Developdevelopmentnentment company of canada ltd

55tannstannerr first presidency 52572 J reuben darkclark jr a fornerformerformen ambassador to mexico taswasta s a member of the first presidency of the LDS ciurcaciurchchurch frotfronfrom 1934 until his death at the aoeage of ninety on september 6 1961 156Ilocloe eitcit 575ashtonbashton57ashtonAshton council of the ITielvetwelvebelve 468 5tnree58tnree new general authorities chosen improvement braera LVI november 1953 822 59sp59sperry59sperryerryarry assistant to the council 984 30

on 4 bughhugh B octooctoberderoer 1951953 9 inn a general church confconferenceerenee hagh drownTIlyom was sustained as an assistant to the council of the twelve

6 B was apostles five yearsyoars later on apriapril 1958 hughU brown tas called as a membermomber of the council of the twelveTTelveeive andwidmid on june 22 60 1961 heho taswasras called as a rilemberlombermembermomber of the first presidency the buildingouibuiidi aa up of the chchurchulrch and the edifyingec3ifying of its members has long been lughugh 3 brownsbroibrol nnsanns desireddes 1 red goal nathan eidoneldon tanner has said of ninnlnnimni n throuothrouxthroughouthout his life Presipreslpresident0 ent braimbroimbrojn has dedicadedicatedledpedk his energy hihits stalentalentsIs and every efforteffort to the building up of the kingdom1 of giglgigi1161 codoodgod here on earth certainly as a personporson investigates pres-presidenti dent

brownfbrowng s speaking he arillvrillxd11 find that Presipresidentdont brown 1hass used his

speaking ability most skillfully as a inisterministerTL of the gospel and as an advocate for concontinuingtiming the quest of the uplifting life

60 tanner first presidency 52572 61jbidibid 50570 CCHAPTERliw TER ITitiIII111I1 ANALYSISANTAUISIS OF SPFECHESSPEECHES

Tidsthis chapter contains an analysis of five addresses given 1byjaj3r hugh B brdrownbrownlot107 beforbeforebedfor members of the erigBrigbrighamharr young university student bodyhodykody and faculty ksAs indicated in chapterchapton one each Spespeachspeechfichfieh has been studied and analyzed as to the date and place delivereddeided vered number of words per speech average number of iordswords per sensentencetencotemco approxuiateapproximate number of words and their percentage of the total wordvord coucountn 11 and of each of the items listed under the categories en liliedbilledentitled impollingimpelling motives verbal supporting material factors of attention and figures of speech the statistical data concerning this part of the analysis aarere taken from tables 151 5 of ththithlthisl s chapter interpretations and evaluations torowerewerotero iaderademade concerning the above mentioned data ininterpretationsartretrtretrT ret tjonstjoens ardand evaluations concconeconcerningeming factors of intelligibility and factors of flexibility contained in 1thethoho five speeches teretoreverewere aadenadenadomademado after I1 listened to each entire tape recording at least four times also when deemed necessary I1 listened to difdlfdifferentfrent

portions of the tapes several times when mr broibrolbrownm fclears dshis throat or snisniffsasfs those actactionsons are iiindicatedai catedbated in thetho spespeachspe3choch eatsextsoxts by the use

1 I 1yleyie of parentheses egog cough sniff thechelie audieaudleaudienceAricevice Is laughter is also parediparentparentheticallyah1h eticbetic allyaily indicated henwhen indicating vocal ph-phrasingasing withinFi thin sentences virvirjuleszirgulesvirgulesjulesgulesguies UP have been used

ittt is43 im1orimmorimportant1 ant to note that wheuhenwhenii I1 present word counts and

percentagesc particularly in the categories of jrncellinpjjmuellinv motivesmotimotzves and

31 32 factors of attention these word counts and percentages represent

t 1 a strict inerpretationinterpretationerpretation of the aboveabovementionedinenirenirentiomentionedtioned categoriesCD ie 9 I only give word count credit when words appear to directly appeal to the audienceaudlencelencoienco this has been done in accordance athmthwith phillips and monroeMonmonroesmonroenroes definitions and examples used to illillustrate5115 11 estrateustrateustrate the impolljnjimpallimpoll

lljsyjjli tivesiotivesmotivesio andanc factors of attention I1 realize that the studies by clinkerclinger and young use a broader interpretation ol01of the definitions

of imimpellingDellino motives and factors of attentattention11 on however in ealuatingvaluatingevaluating each speech I1 sillsiliwillimbi make comicommentsentsants where necessary concerning discrepan- cies or sirdlaritiessimilarities which occur in the figures and percentages given uithwith a strict interintcrprocationoreorooyetationkation of criteria as opposed to those figures and percentages given with a broad interpretation I1 believe word counts are necessary as indicators of dominance but in certain categories they should not be used as absolutesab-solutessolutes TABLETA bleBIE I1

1 averiravenirAVERAGEE s6rit3ncsSENTENC lffljgthlzw1tgtu liilitIIIIH111 FIVE SPEECSECHaSspsechasSP D 3 OF HUGH B BRORbrohBRO KI1

g nunumbinumbergumbimber3rar of numbernumbed of Aaveragevcrs c e word s in Sentencesentences3 words per speechspeispetsehschbeh in speech sentencesen iencebence sleechsneech I1 profile of a prophet 19555 393003 300 142 232023.20 II11 hat14hat I1Iss man andnd ehatwhat he may become 195819531958 3 039 138 292629.26 lilliiIII111 purity Is powerr 1962 66696960Q 3734734307 7 192919.29 IV continued learning key to progressess 1965 31803 180 150 211921.19 V father are youou there 1961967iggy7 739923997 099ogg399 409hog09 180818.08

totals for the five speeches 23587 11861180 198719.87

33 TABLE 2

HUGH B brossdrossBROWS USE anoamoANDAMD distribution OF IMPELLING MOTIVES

self preservpreservepreservationatlon propropertybertoerty n ctcid 4 X 0 X 0 in 0 bo 0o 0 p bo so 4433 C ZC H W 0 CH r 0 P 0 0 1 UCO r l 5 M otcelo 0 rl1 H H 0 3 C 0 E 0 0 0 0 600 zammae 3bocchoocchsoocch 0PL 0 MS XMS I1 profile of a prophet 1955 0000.0oo ol01e 000.0oo II11 what Is hanllanilanitanman and what heH Q may become 1958 77 232.3 2 000.0oo lilIII111 purity Is power 1962 953 14214.2 000.0oo IV confcinucontinued ed learning

key to progressID 1965 39 121.2 000.0oo V father are you there 1961967 706pog06oao6 9595. 000.0oo

total words used in imdellemdellimpellinginain7 motives for five e speeches 1775 0000.0oo 0 6 2 000.0oo total percentage of each method used in each

1 oo address 10 20320.3 0.0 0 000.0 total percentage of each method in all speeches 757.5 000.0000ooooo

34 TABLE 2 continued

power reputation affections

CCH4 qH x 0 0 0 0 bahob0 bfhd IU0 0 ho0o 0 433 00 4433 4433 q T 0 4 C T 0 PC I peo1 4 i VM 120 H to10 aficoiaoiCTCTI to 0 C l h 0 IQ r1 1ilJ t CA 0 0 D rrjI cl0 0 P qrar 0 P OH 0 3 CO or 0 or ormrl 1 H H 0 H 0O 4P P 4433 PPP P OP D gPPP 0 0 0D E 0 0 0 050 0 000 0 0 0 plapl4PH4 oldoddP frmarmagngan IN 52 a4aa a4aaphaCHHH

000.0bof002oooof 000.0oo 000.0oo

213 707.0 000.0oo 18 050.5

344 515.1 398 595.9 486 737.3732373s

1179 37137.1371071 000.0oo 34 ilii111.1

386 525.2 135 181.8 68 090.9og

21222.122 00oo0.0 533 000.0oo 62762 000.0oo al010l

24324.3 10 e 616.1glgi 727.2

898.9 232.3 272.7

35 tabieTABLE 2 continued

sentiments tastes CHH 44H 0 X 0 0 0 ho 0 0 bio d 4433 D 4433 c W S 0 0 0 p- 0 1 0 X 9 3H CO 1 UCO Crh4 0 Q r 0 0D rl QPQ P4433 0 0 D PP0 0 0 0 E 0 zs a M CL cuplapl4 I1 profile of a prophet 1955 101 313.1oi01 000.0oo II11 what Is man and what he may become 1958 290 959.5 000.0oo ad lilliiIII111 purity Is power 1962 16919679 25125.1 000.0oo IV continued learning key to progress 1965 571 18018.01805s 000.0oo

V father are you there 1961967 loh1041047 14214.2 000.0oo

total words used in impelling motives for five speeches 368839688 000.0oo 000.0oo total percentage of each method used in each address 42242.2 000.0oo total percentage of each method in all speeches 15615.6 000.0oo

36 TATABLEBLE 3

HUGH B br01apnBROWNSIS USE AND distribution OF VERBAL supporting MATERIAL

restatementrestatenneemmeerne ut exexolansnlanationplanationlticaltic n f aa 0 ho a11 0 hnbd M 40 0 0 T 0 p H r 1 4433 SH P rt P CO 0 r 1 H P afpf 0 bomSOTM W U 0 bot D u 0 0a 0 D 0 101.000oo & f ilail4 P P1 4P P 4 P 1 P 0 0 0 0 0C 0 0 0 cdc speech 52 d PH t a p X cn S I1 profile of a prophet 1955 000.000560.056oo 622 18918.9 II11 what Is najimanmajimajl and what he leaymay become 1958 262562 6 88.848.4 12401240 40840.8 iliIII111 paritypurity Is power 1962 118 181.8 979 147171.714.712 IV continued learning key to progress 1965 22 070.7 9594594 5 29729.7297292 V father are you there 1961967 000.0oo 765 10310.3loo

total words used in verbal supportingC material 396 000.0oo 49551551 000.0oo total percentage of each method used in each address 232.3 26826.8 total percentage of each method in all speeches 171.7 0 0 193igo19.3

37 TABLE 3 contirrucontinueded

comparison F illustration H illustration 4qaqH 444H4 CHH 0 bo X 0 1400 0 boho wo c w 0 c 0 0 C whophortoarto P rl P H r 1 T P hr 1 0 C P rt &d ctfcaf SO p P d q 4 ad P TI P 1 1 d 0drr odaodhP- DH rf 0 CO orcd 1 w 0 tsoo C wti 0 4 5 0 00 JQ 0 .0 Q 0 100 oloPPLOpuoado10 P 0 0 P10 aay5 f p P P i ray 00 3 rt 0 Q 0 0 n 0 0 D JJ rt 1 a comcos S d P S

105 323.2 150519505 45745.757575.7 000.0000oo iai0

221 727.222 000.0oo 76 252.5

283 424.2 426 6mam6 4 465 686.8

oo oo 17 050.5 0 000.0 000.0

416 565.6 24329437 32932.9 814 iioilo11011.0

104219042 000.0oo 436849368 000.0oo 135519355 00oo0.000fe

616.1gi 25825.8 808.0

444.4ha 18518.5 575.7

38 TABLE 3 Contincontinuedliedlaed

specificspec tlefletie ininstsinstasstnincec e stastatisticsstattastlasti CS testtestimonyincny H H 0 t0tabjo 0 Uhah0 0 ybo 10 0 z enV 0 VH 0 z T D P SH T 0 4 D 0 p HHH P 05 D 0 P rt 0 H d & f 0 P 0 Hr 1 1pap rl iatewmeoz r0 w 0 CO ct 0 2SCOY rc j 0 teo 0 otuood 0 0 10eoro1.0 PPLD0 PDPO A0.0 aP 0 4 odyohy4 3 h h ipPPP 4 1 P P 4 0owi 0D 0 jj w 0 0 0 01 i 000 0 0 0 d speech so 0 t i p fr d

1 oo 3. I 629 19019.0igo 0 G 000.00 0 113 343.43

II11 332 10910.9log 0000.0oo Q 856 28228.2 lililiIII111 679 loi10110.1 oo00 135019350 20220.2

IV 37347334 7 1010910.9log 95 lill111.111 030.30 48888 15615.6

V 388 525.2 6 0010.1oi 433 060.6og0 6 total words used in verbal supportingcl material 237529375 000.0oo 17I1 000.0oo 285021850 00oo0.0 total percentages of each method used in each address 140iho14.0 10IO 1616816.88 total percentage of zacheach method in all 1 speeches lolfololiolloi101colfo10.1 la13l3 12112.112 L

39 TABLETA bieBLE 1 HUGH B broi&nBROWNSIS USE AND distribution OF FACTORS OF ATTENTION

Aactivitygli reality H H 0 H C0 CH W 0 0 0c U 0 0 gz g 0 P 0 0 paj4j 0 0 Z VM T 0 10 S p 05 q V 0 P ts CO 0 S CO 0 0 P 0 paj4j 0 0 141 4 0 4 C D 0 rt 0 0 0 C spspeechech a4aaX 0a x4xa p PL 01 4 I1 profile of a prophet 1955 329302933929309293 1000100.0 166319663 50350.3 II11 what Is man and what he may become 1958 2814 992692.62 6 il 14 575.75 liililIII111 purity Is power 1962 669669696 99899.8998fo 692 103 IV continued learning key to progress 1965 20270 595.9 401491 1541154.11515. V father are you there 1967 739879398 1000100.0 2530250029530 35035.0350050

total words used in factors of attention for five speeches 20112209112 000 555059550 000.0oo00f total percentage of each method used in each address 53853.8 14814.8 total percentage of each method in all speeches 85385.3 23523.5

40 TABITABLE 4 continued

proximiyproximity familiarity novelty 444 4 444H4 X 0 444H4 J 0440 4 jaci 0 n 0 0 0 c 0 0 040 c r3Vra 0 0 c T 5 0 D P 60 3 0 vt g g U021 inq 0 c 0 0 g wn 1 0 P 0 P 4 X4i rooaco5coa 0 1 EOCO 0 zC 0 z 0 p 0 P 0 i 0 4 0 04045043y P3 q 4 0 3 P 0 P s D cd 4p D CS 4 C 44. 5 000 arx 0 0 P 0 0 0 so c rx PL 0&4 s PL CL czicz4

og 20 060.6 368 11211.2 0 0 010000OIoo0.0

11. roo00oo 34 1illl111.1 357 11811.8 0 9 500000.0f00

.0 oo 2 0 671 100loo10.0 0 0 000.0

.9 30 9 369 116ilg11.6 0 00

oo 14 01oiol0.1 602 818.1 & 0 000.0

oo a oo oo 100 00oo0.0 2367206729367 00oo0.0 0 0 00oo0.0

63go oo 020.2 0 0 636.3 0 Is 000.0

oo oo 0 0 0040.4 100loo10.0 0 0 000.0

41 TABLE 4 continued

huspensuspensuspense se conflict H n j 0 ci 0 H ie d 0 5c 10 0 0 rC D 0 P 0 0 P 0 0 H ft 0 ZC W H 1 0 P 0 a M5 PA CO COQ 1 S 0 z 0 05 r 0 P Q 0 04 Q 0405 0Q 0 cd05 4 5 0 00 P speech 0 X X PL s lai fo I1 profile of a prophet 1955 000.0oo 42 131.3loio II11 what Is man and ehatwhat he may become 195819531958 000.0oo 82 272.722. iliIII111 purity Is power 1962 000.0oo 219 333.303oo IV continued learning key to progress 1965 000.0oo 000.0oo V father are you there 196cigolg1967 301 W414.1oibi 135019350 18218.218

total words used in factors of attention for five speeches 301 OM000.0oo uo 169319693 000.0oo total percentage of each method used in each address 080.8 454.55.5 total percentage of each method in all speeches 131.3iolo 0 0 727.2

424 2 C-

tameTAKETABLE 4 continued

humor vital H 0 0 H U 0 0 z 10 0 0 z ta 0 P T P t51 0 0 0 0 Z EO0 d fi 0 010 H 0 P 0 t 4 P P 0 vP 3S COa 0 C CO 0 0 P D 0 P D 0 P f 0 P C0 0D 0D d P 0 0 0Q rt 43 PL P fmcfm4x 4 L aCL 04 4

000.0oo 100 303.000oo

94 313.1 324 io1010. 7 b

31341 515.1 376939769 56356.3

oo goe Is it 000.0 192319923 60560.5

795 10710.7loy 91913glogio 12312.3

1230 000.0oo 6030 000.0oo

1616.1igi L a 33 0 0 161

525.2 25625.6

43 TABLEtkblebizBIE 5 HUGH B BROJNSDROINIS USE AND distribution OF FIGURES OF skefichspefichSPEECH

siaslasimsima e hetmetarhmetashMetmetanhorMetametaphorarhathnhorr j n 0 CH C 0 en n 0 10 0 0 0 P 0 4 0 0 o tqaq r Q D D 0.0 P D D tscoasco CO 0 0 0 00ehoebojjrjj0 5 D D 0DHH P 0 0 0 rl P 000 F CO ap2pspeechech 14 aidoiroirryt coo S CL a I1 profile of a prophet 1955 12 ohee0- 11 04om0.4ob II11 ehnuhnvjhatt Is hanhianmlanmianman and what he may become 1958 29 10iolo 82 272.722. III111 purity Is power 1962 35 050.5 138 212.1 IV contcontinued5 aedmed learning key to progressc 1965 9 000.0oo 484.8HQ 151.5

V yoliyou father 5 are there 016196l961967 14 020.2 bho104404.40 595.9

total words used in figures of speech for five speeches 99 000.0ooabub 719 000.0oo

total Percentpercentagearccd of each method used in each address 0 19 131.3iolo1 989.898598f total percentage of each method

.9 00oo in all speeches 04M 9 0 303.0

444 TABLE 5 continued

persyersfersblrattniintintlantl antithesis onomatopoeia alliteration cation CHH H H H 0 44H j9 0 tn X 0 CHH 1 0 10 0 0 to10 0 0 U0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4P 10 a 0 T 0G 4P TJ 4433 fl 10 10 en0 IOV 0 pa0 KOpa 10z 0 p G 0 0.0 P 0 0 Pp4 0 p4 oiz0 S CQ i 0 U0 0 5 CQ 0 5 UCQ 01cA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00D bo0 0D pj hd0 0 bboabbo 0 01 P 1D oy l P 0 D 0 y P 0 D1 0 rj 04 0 TIP 0 oul CQ 0 d ori0rtartort CQ 01 Qeldelo cn Q P in gR PL fi i jq p4papt Y

3 1.1 00oo0.0 inilllillii 33. 4 00oo0.0

illililiilil111 363.6 000.0oo 124 41hl4.1bi 39 131.3

28278 424.2 000.0oo 42742 646.4gh 22 0030.3oo

78 252.5 000.0oo 62 202.0 000.0oo

60 080.8 000.0oo 360360060ogo 494.9 000.0oo

530 000.0oo 000.0oo 108419084 000.0oo 61 000.0oo

oo 148 08 727.2 s 6 000.0 e 6 14814.8 0 0 080.8

oo 46hg .3 222.2 Is 0 000.0 464.6 3

45 taeletheleTABLSTABLE 5 continued

synecdocheC 9cacb hyperboleboleboie irony n iron 4 0OH414 1 0OH 0 CH 10 0 0 10 0 0 M 0 0 T D s 1T C0 TJ 0 P 0 0 0 10 0 0 000.0 P 000OCO C 0 P d 0 0 p D 0 reoseosen i 0 0 0 CO 0 0 D 0 0 0 aq &0 i bq 0 0 f & 0 0 CDG 0 H P 1 0 0 ah11hH P 0 0 0 H P PL x4xa 4 UCO pi Uco speech 00. ft 0044 a

I1 000.0oo 000.0ooboofooof 0000.0oo oj

II11 6 020.2 80 262.626f 000.0oo ililiiIII111 9 010.1oi 56 080.8 000.0oo

oo oo 00oo IV 0 0 0000.00 000.0 000.0bofoof

V 24211 0030.3oo yis 94 1131.3iolo 16 0020.22

total words used in figures of speech for five speeches 39 000.0oo 230 000.0oo 16 000.0oo P total Perpercentalpercentarpercentagecentar e of each lethilethliethI iethodmethod0 1I used in each address 050.5of 313.1ol01 020.2 total percentage of each method in all speeches 020.2 10iolo1.0lofobofo 010.1oi

hah6 TABLE 5 continued

pun ifcnnmctimct2ny2lnyal climax repetitionR titionaition

1 000.00oo 0 115219152 34934.9009 285 878.7 6 010.1oloi

2. 00oo 19 o606fo06oa 530 lym17417.4 884 272.72 0 000.0

00oo 455 070.7 737 lio11011.0 233 353.5 0 000.0

00oo 25 080.8 182 575.755. 161 515.1 0 000.0

41 060.6og 783 loeioe10410.4 261 393.909og 19 0030.3oo 3

130 000.0oo 33843938439084 000.0oo 102419024 000.0bofoonoooof 25 OM000.0oo

oo 181.8 46146.1 13913.9log 0 030.3

.6 0 6 14314.3 434.3 0 010.1oi

47 SPEECHSPXECH 0147ONE

taetagTHE PROFILE OF A PRCPPROPHETprop19t

linalnANAIN ADDRESS GIVEN TO teeTHE BRIGHAMBITGHAM YOJNGYYJNU university STUDENTstudentbodystodentbodyBODY

EWSLDSRSR HUGH B brounbronnERCWNBRCWN assistant to the council of the twelve church of jesus christ of latter day saints october 4 1955

I1 should like to dispense with all fobalitymalityformality if I1 may and simply say to albiterlliteralliterA atlon faculty riennienmembersbersbars and studentstudentbodybody alike explana-p1an a my brothers and sisters I1 adopt that tion form of salutation for several reasons arongamonga ronemoncaronemoneamone them belnebeing the fact that all or proxiltcity

practicpracticallytllytilyilly all who are herehera are iembersmemberso of the church which is sporisorsponsoringing and uaiiaintaininglntaantaiiingicing this school and secondly

IL say brothers and sisters because in rayroy more mature years I1 am comingcoricorting to realize a littlelittie bettor than I1 didydid the eternal fact of the fatherhood of god and the brotherhood of men I1 say brothers and sisters too because I1

do not intend to undertakeundertaitetaitotalce a sersermonvlonvion a lecture certainly not an oration but climax I1 would like for just a few rdnutesminutes

48 49

to bear r-myry testimony to you people iditdltd like to takebake the witness stand metaphor in defense of the proposition that the gospel of jesjeojesuslussus christ has been restored familiarity to the earth in our day and that this is the church of jesus christ now I1 say I1 would like to take the witness stand id like to be able if I1 could for in just a minute to give sonesome reasoning to the hope I1 have and for vital

layray allegiance tobo the church F illus perhaps I1 can bring it most activity Llration quickly to you by referring to an inci i

dent which happhappenedenod in londolondoni england in 1939 in september just before the

outbreak 0ofL the war I1 had come to know rather intimately a very prominent english gentleman a member of tho house of commons a member of the cabi- net formerly one of the justices of the

supredsuperedsupremeie court of britain the author of many of the books which we in canada studied while were preparing for law and in my conversations athethwith this man on various vexationsvexatiousivexations of the soul as he Aalliter-tertec ation called them we talked frequently of religion 50

F illus- just before the outbreak of the reality trationtration war he called me on the phone and asked if I1 would come to his office and discuss with him finally some phases of the gospel because he said ive been intrigued by what youve told me I1 think thezesthebesthe2esgoinagoing to be war if there is youll have to return to ame-

rica and wevre nlaynaymay not meet again the latter statement proved to be prophetic liialiinallaall5alliter-tenter ation I1 went to his office and he said this in effect im not only intrigued batbut a bit troubled by some thinasthings youve told me and I1 I1 wonderblonder if

you would be so good as 11to0 o prepare for me a brief on mormonism familiarity explana- I1 may say to you students that tion brief jnsic is something that men like president lkinsonwilkinsonA prepare when theyre Pproxirproxier0 ariity4 y goinagoing into a court with the intention of presentinopresenting their case and giving their reasons for their position on any given question F illus- he said dillwill you prepare a brief trationtration 11 on mormonism and come and let me be the familiarity judge and you discuss mormonism before

me as you would discuss a legalC problem 51

he said first ldid like to say to you thatbhat you have said to me a time or two reality that you believe that joseph smith was a prophet you have said to me that you think jesus of nazareth and god the father appeared to joseph smith now he said to me thats fantafantefantasticfantasticstic 11 he conflict said the thing im1 troubled about is to tu-thinknk that a barrister and solicitor from canada a man trained in logic and evidence could give himself over to such explantexplana palpably absurd ideas now this man tion brothers and sisters this this great judge was one of theonethe one of the most intellectual men I1 ever met I1 think heh had the nostmost incisive mind his mind

his mind seemed to diedlepieme to be ainalnaihalmostost like a simile F illus- steel trap and when he said hatwhat you conflict trationtration tell me about joseph smith is fantastic was I1 bold enough to suggestC 1 to hirrhimhlin that we cough perhaps should prepare or go alliteration forward right then withunith our discussion I1 said id1 like to present my brief right now he had intimated that id1 probably take three days at least to

ttjtaj im pledPLenprepare1 are for it because he said im going to give you three hours in which 52

to present it 11 dhenjhen I1 told him I1 was ready at the momomentnentmentmont I1 miedsuggestedested

touo hiihilhllhilihilli that we have what inbib i canadlcanadacanadianan and english law aniand to somesorne extent in this country is called an exami- exdlanadianaplana nation for discovery an examination tion for discovery is briefly the Ugetting

togetherLD of the opposing sides the attorneys and the plaintiff and the defendant and sceiniseeingsceing if they cncan find some area of aagreementadeerareerent andami thusthluschlus save the time of the court later on 1 illus I1 said perhaps we could have an exaexa-in trationarationtration mination for discovery here and see repetition whether there is some area of agreement

and frofromri there ireiroviewe can start to discdisediscussrissaissniss

my fantastic ideas helielleile agreed to hatthatL reality quite readily and I1 said of course climax I1 am proceeding on the assumption that

you are a christian iti111 alliteration I1 Ccertainlyertaortainly 11 specific 1I assume you believe the bible familiarity instance old Testestamenttarrent new Testtestamentamont to be the climaxCIclimaxlmax word of god

itittltiiIII1111 I do if you believe whats written in the oilCliclimaxplax book

certainly yeyess1110 53

you say that irlyrilymy statestaterientstastatenentstatementtenentrient thatchatbhat god climax spoke to a man in this age is fantastic and absurd to me it is do you believe that god ever did climax speak to anyone well certainly all through the bible we have evidence of that specific did he speak to adam familiarity instance climax yes it

specific enoch noah abraham moses familiarity instance ciliclilclimaxftaxfeax jacob josehjoseph and on through the prophets 1I believe he spoke to every one of them specific do you believe that kind of con- climax instance tact between god and man ceased at the meredianjeredianmeredian of time or when jesus appeared

iri11111110lono he said it reached its climax its apex on that occasion do you believe that god spoke climax through jesus

yes to

was he the son of god climax

he was 11 explantexplana do you believe sirstrsirl andmad im tion going to have to shorten this 54

considerably because I1 said it took pieme three hours to tell it to him and I1 must tell it to you in thirty minutes F illus do you believe sir that after jesus trationarationtration was resurrected and after he ascended climax alliter- into heaven and I1 assume you think he ation did ascend into heaven

1I do 91 do you believe that a certain climax lavlawyerryernyer sometimes referred to as a tent- maker by the name of saul of tarsus on familiarity his way to Dwidamascusascus contacted that very individual namely jesus of nazareth whod been crucified and had ascended into heaven do you believe that saul saw a light and heard a voice

III1111I do if

11 whosev voice was it climax ilitalitit was the voice of jesus christ for he so introduced himshimselfalf 11 esplanexplan then my lord and thasthats the atlonatton way we speak to justices in the british empire layidymyray lord I1 am subrsubmittingJabingating to you climax in all seriousness that it is has been aulteralliter- ation standard procedure throughout all recorded time for god to talk to man 55

he said 1I think I1 villwill aciracimaciritadmitit that except that it stopped shortly after the first century of the christian era why did it stop climax lilliiIII1111I cantcani say

11 3rar you303.0jo thinkink that god hasnt spoken climax since then 1I am sure he hasnt there must be a reason can you reality climax give me a reason

1I do not laknowlow 11 may I1 suggest a reason or several climax perhaps god does not speak to man anymore because he cant hes lost the power he said of course that would be

blasphemous 11 well then if you dont accept climax that perhaps he doesnt speak to nonmenmon anymore because he doesnt love us anymore hes aonemonegone off and left us to find our olmown way in the dark wellsheliheiiwell he said god loves all men

and of all ages 9 and he is no respecter

of persons 11 well then if he could speak if he loves us then the only other possible answer as I1 see it is thatbhat we dont 56

need him weve nademade such rapid ridesnidesstridesstsL were so well educated iwee have such great science vewe dont need god anymore and then he said and his eyes were moist when he said it mr brown there never was an age in the history of the world there never was a people or a tine when the voice of god was needed as is needed now and then he said acancantcan you tell me why he doesnt speak

ikymy answer was my1114y lordLedgrdg he does repetition climaxc1ca 1x1ax heho has spoken he is now speaking and all wewo need is the faith to hear him 11 qianaexplana-q ianaianelanpblanp and then vreviewe proceeded to rather tion quickly and I1 must not rereferrecercecerler to very much of what we proceededproccejed to do bitbut ieiwee proceeded to prepare what I1 have been alialliter-a12 iterlter ation pleased to callacallcalicailcalia a ITprofilerolwolroallelieile of a prophet now I1 venderwenderwonder if you students would like to fill in the various tungstilingsdungs that imI1 in going to mention and add to theltheithenthelatheiatheinthema as you allaliwillwili and then see whether joseph smith measures up stand him up against familiarity Sentsentiriensentimentsirien ts that profile and see where he comes in explan- we agreed betvbeavbetweeneen us in this in ation pursuit of our llaxaalaxaltinationexsnination for discov- rylleryllerye of ground on which wew could both 57

stand specific first wewo agreed that any man who repetition instance claimed to be a prophet of god also claimed to have been spoken to by god

3 we man so I1decific agreed that any claiming instance would be a dignified nannomannonanman no table jump repetition ing no whisperings from the dead no clairvoyance but a dignified clear statement of trathtruthtrothbrath specific we agreed that any man claiming to alliter- instance ation be a prophet of god would declare his message without any fear courageously and without nalenaiemaldmakingno any weak concessions

toulovoo public opinion specific we agreed that if he were speaking alliter- instance ation for god he could not make concessions and we agreed that ordinarily what he taught

was not in harihadihadlharmonylonybony1ony with the generally accepted teachingsteacliings of the day

specific we agreed that such a nanrilanman would instance speak in the name of the lord and say thus sayethmayeth the lord as moses as jerejedejereniahjeremiahuah and others specific we agreed that such a man would instance predictoredictoredict future events and predict them repetition in the name of god and that they would alliteration coltecoinecolnecome to pass as isaiah and Ezelezekielaelaeidel 58

specific we agreed that he would have not instance 0onlynly an importantk message of forror his repetirepatirepetitiontion timeytinetime but ordinarily a riesniesdiesmessagesage for all future time ichuchsichsuchs as noah and alachihalachi14 familiarity and others specific we agreed that his courage in su instance uh portingsupportingup his statement of truth would be such that would enable him not alliteration only to endure persecution but to give his life if need be for the cause he had espoused such as daniel hosea jo familiarity david and others

specific tilelileirlewe agreed that such a man would de- instance nounce wickedness fearlessly that he would generally be rejected by the people of his time but that as tinetimeteineteme went on heldhe growrow in stature and that they who gatpabputpub him to death would find if they alliteration could live on that their descendants

would build monumentsmonumentszumentsnuments to his honor specific we agreed that he would be able to instance do superhuman things things that no rianniannanman

could do withouti godsgod help wewo agreed that as he grows in stature the conse- albiterlliteralliteralA I1 iter atlon quence of his work would be among the most convincing evidences of his call-

ing by their fruits ye shall know them 11 59

Specspeciftspecifyspecificiftint0 we agreed that his teachings would instance be in strict confconformityorrdty with scripture alliteration we believebelleve we agreed that his words and his writings would become scripture now ieivelve gone buicquicquickly1lay and left out a lot but sentiments you can fill in but I1 ask you in all vital comparison seriousness to stand the prophet joseph smith up against that profile of prophets alliteration and see whether he measures up and as a student of the liflifeilfee of the prophet joseph inithsnithsmith for more than fifty years sentiments I1 say to you young men and women there alliteration is no clainclaim which any prophet has made vital alliter-iterlter in connection with his prophetic calling ation which joseph smithsinith cannot qualify under tdnkednkthink it through F illus- I1 said to this friend of mine tilttlIII1111I climax trationtration believe that joseph smith was a prophet repetition of god because he talked like a prophet alliteration he taught like a prophet he lived andmid died like a prophet I1 believe he was a prophet of god because he eavegave to this world some of the greatest of all revelations I1 believe that he was a prophet of god because he predicted many things alliter-iterlter ation of the future which have come to pass since the predictions things which only 60

god could bring to pass specific I1 said to hinlimhim and I1 say to you I1 instance believe joseph smith tasraswas a prophet of

codoodgod because ohncohnjohnU on the isle of patmos faniafwfani3larityliliarity testimonyrestinonymony the d beloved disciple of jesjesusjesusas de- clared that the testimony of jesus is explana- the spirit of prophecy and I1 submit repetition tion touo you and I1 submitted to him that if climax any man who ever lieclivclivedld had a testimony of jesus and gave his lifo for that testimony and was effective in spread- ing the testimony and bringing convinc-

ingL evidences of the truth of the state- sentimentsqontli dentsaentsaenas ment that jesus is the christ among all the inenmen tthatat have lived I1 challenge any man to show one who has given us noremore real evidences of the divine cacallingng of thetiietile prophet jo of jesus christ than did the prophet joseph smith explana- I1 believe the prophet joseph snithsmith tion was a prophet because he did do dianynanymany seporsuporsuperhumanhuman things one of them was trans-

lating the book of riordonriormonri111ornionornonormon some people familiarity will not agree on that but I1 subasubmsubmitt to you and I1 shall refer I1 think to some

ad somesomo subssubstantialonmenttantiatitantiatiorormenormononmonmenmont sstatementtat m ent I1 submit to you that the prophet joseph repeirepetitionitionaition 61

snith inln translating the book of hormonmomonmormon alliteration did a superhuman task I1 ask you students to write a book of mormon I1 ask repetition climax you to write one chapter of a book of mormon I1 ask you to writeerritevrritewyitewylte if you can any kind of a story of the ancient in- habitants of america and I1 ask you to write it without any source materimaterialalgaig reality and I1 ask you to include in your statements with respect to the ancient in- habitants of america some of the things which the prophet joseph included in the book of mormon I1 ask you to write for climax specific instance fifty four chapters dealing instance athmthwith wars twenty one historical chapters fifty five on visions and prophe- explantexplana cies and remember when you begin to tion itritewrite on visions and prophecies you must

have your record agree0 meticulously with the scriptures youll write seventy one chapters on doctrine and exhortation and here too you must check every statement irithwith the scriptures or youllyoullyouil be proven to be a fraud you must write sdecificspecific ttentyrentytwenty one chapters on the ministry of instance christ and everything you claim he said and did and every testimony you write 62

in your book about him must agree abs- alliter- aabionaulonation olutely illthilithirith1r1th the newnow testament I1 aasksk you ouldwouldouid you like to undertake such a task I1 would suggest to you too what youre up against in connection with this book youre going to write or the chapters youre going to have to climax specific introduce here figures of speech alliter- instance ation nilesmilessinilessisirtilespinilessirsin tilesdiles metaphors narration exposition description oratory epic lyric loglogiclleficgle and parables undertake that Aalliter-lilter ation willarillvrill you I1 ask those of you who are under twenty to undertake it redetitionrepetitionrepetition explantexplanaExplana I1 ask you to remember that the man familiarity tion that translated the book of mormon was a young man and he hadnt had the opportu- reality nity of schooling that you have had and yet he dictated that book in just a little over two months and made very few comparison if any corrections and for over a hun- climax familiarity dred years some of the best students andaledaxed scholars of the world hava been trying to prove that the book of mormon was not the word of god and theyve taken the bible tobo try to prove it and not one of them repetition has been able to prove that anything he wrote was not in strict harmony with the 63

scriptures rithnithirithinithi the bible with the word of god explantexplana the book of mormon not only de- familiarlyfamiliarifamiliarbyFamiliarbyty tion clares itsibsiuslus sic title page that its reality purpose is to bring the knowledge of christ to the people but the whole of the subject matter has that as its central theme and there is no chapter climax in all literature sacred or profane which I1 say to you as a lawyer has greater evidential value than the chapters in third nephi where multitudes of people testimony said we saw him we felt of his hands and his side we know he is the christ 11 F ilius I1 said to my friend alykayhaymlymy lord I1 reality tiatiationpiationtion cannot understand your saying to me that my claims are fantastic nor can I1 understand why christians who claim to hilterbilterAalliter-literilter ation believe in christ would persecute and put to death a man whose whole purpose was to prove the truth of the things they therrithemselvesselvessalvessaives were declaring namelynameiy that jesus was the christ I1 could understand them persecuting joseph and the rest of us if he had said 11 am christ f or if he had said herethere is no repetition christ 1 or if he had said someone else is 64

christ then christians believing in alliteration christ would ilightnightmight would bebo justified in some extent at least in per- secutingsecuting or disputing with him at least testimony eltbutemt what he said was he whom ye ig- alliter- ation norantlynorantly serve declare I1 unto you 1 repetition paraphrasing what paul said in athens alliteration heRQ whom ye ignorantly worship declare

I1 unto you I1 aidkidandmid joseph came to

christians ardand said to them touveyouve climax been claiming to believe in jesus christ I1 say to you that I1 saw him and I1 talked

with him he is the son of god 1 11 when joseph calmecaimecamecarne out of that wood fanfamfamiliarityiliiliarityarity at least four fundamental truths canecanoclamecamo out with him and he announced them to reality specific the world first that the father and instance the son are separate and distinct indiv- alliter- ation iduals secondly that the canon of alliteration scriscriturescriptureture is not complete thirdly that man was created in the image of god and

fourth that revelation or thobhothechooho channel metonymy between earth and heaven is open and is continuous like to say to you students alliter- ldid ation theres nothing as far as im concerned in all our clairisclaims finer uldandwidmid more chal alliteration 65

lengingbenging to students in any field of specific activity than the one which says we instance testimony not only believe what god has revealed repetition and does reveal but we believe that he will yet reveal many great and important

things pertaining to the kingdom of god 11 climax sentiments that is a challenge to research is a alliteration specific challenge to check on what you believe repetition instance is a challenge to bring your beliefs your thoughts your education your lives up to date may I1 just say to you and perhaps some of you are wondering what was the reaction of this judge when wedwem finished he sat and listened intently he asked reality some very pointed and searching questions F illus- and at the end of the period he said trationtration mr brown I1 wonder if your people vital appreciate the import of your message do you he said if what you have told me is true it is the greatest message that has come to this earth since the angels mount announced the birth of christ explana- this was a judge speaking a great reality tion alliter- statesman an intelligent nailnallmaildialiunali he threw ation F illus- out the challenge do you appreciate climax trationtration 66

the import of what you say he said 1I wish it were true I1 hope it may be repetition iruetrue god knows it ought to be true I1 alliteration would to god he said and he wept as he said it that some man could appear alliteration on earth and authoritatively say thus repetition saith the lord explantexplana As I1 intimated we did not meet tion again batbut I1 bring you fistjusthistbist in brief- est form two or three reasons why I1 believe that joseph smith was a prophet of god batbut undergirding and overarching all the rest I1 say to you from the very climax center of my heart I1 know that joseph smith was a prophet of god and all these evidences and many others that could alliteration be cited may have the effect of givingC me in a sense an intellectualinte3integ lectual ccnvitionconvitionconviction batbut by the whisperings of the holy spirit one alliteration may come to know and by those wlwhisperingsdsperasper lngsangs repetition I1 say I1 do know and I1 thank god for that knowledge and pray for his blessings upon all of you in the name of jesus christ kmenamen ierpretationinterpretationINT ariredaedAMIAMD evaluation OF FIRST SPEECH

PROFILE OF A PROPHET

this speech contains 3300 words and has an average of 2320 words per sentence Vtillsds average is the second highest of the five speeches given this is slightly lower than Pphi 111pcipsaps average of 2372 words which is the lowest average of the ten orators listed in borchers A 629 study of oral style borchers list of orators and their average sentence lengths waymay be found on page 220 of this thesis wihighwithhythwighhyghgh the advent of radio motion pictures and television the speed of corumni cation from state to state or nation to nation has increased many times todays audiences would not be too favorably impressed with the verbose sentences used by eighteenth century orators browns sentence length appears to be keeping iinithlithrithnithirithwith the modern trend toward bre- vity As the fashion world is turning to the minidressmini dress is seems the world of coumnicationscommunications is tuturninotorninoturningrnino to the mini address some of the reasons for broibrolbrownsn itsils sentence length in this speech naymay be 1 1 elder brobrounsbrownsdrownsvrnsarns introductory sentences laeidelageremretreretwere rather long eg his first four sentences were twenty fourcour seventy thirty seven and thirty six words long respectively 2 mr browns descriptions often were very lengthy eg the english judgemidge with whom he conversed is described in a lengthy seventy five wolwoiwoldwordwoid d sentence 3 brombrown made lengthy state

62 gladys L borchers A study of oral stystyleleftrefibefi unpublished ph D dissertaionDisserdissertationtaion uriversitydiversityuniversity of Wiswisconsinconsing 1967q196 p 5235239 as cited in mortismorriszorasmoras ingersclingersclangersCl an analysis of twelve speeches of parley parker pratt mormon orator unpublished raaMA nesisthesismesis brigham young university 19469196 P 75

676 68

ments and 10 s avagreements as to iwhatlalnal al a true merits concerningconcconeerninaC the judgesjudged his reerentsreferents ial prophet of god would be like the following thirty word sentence is a typical example of those statements of agreement we agreed that such a man would predict future events and predict them in the name of god and that they would come to pass as isaiah ezekiel and 4 whenW nten elder broanbroibrolbroxnyn gave his testimony that joseph smith was a prophet of god his sentences lengthened out eg one sentence p 60 is eighty eight words in length lthisalthisthis speech involves telling in chronological sequence the dialogue which took place between an english judge and mr brombrown in 1939 in which brom proposed the life and work of joseph smith as substantial evidence of the fact that joseph smith was a prophet of godgodjgodaJ this soccspccspeechh is expertly constructed there are virtually no astedwasted words elder bronbrombrown gives his speech withbrithbleth a short formal int-introductionroductionroduction in xliichw1iich heho salutes his audiences asalszasnas brothers and sisters because of this belief in the fatherhood of god and brotherhood of man 1 drownbrown then takes the tuitTwitwitnessness stand to offer reasons for his allealieaileallegiancegiancoglanco to the mormon church ibromibrobrownm builds hisMs case rithnithirithinithi a series of questions which invoke answers that are beneficial to his case each newnow argument is built upon previous oneones 9 and the argentsarguments continue to bu-buildild until elder brombrown reaches his conclusion wherein he bears jshis testimony to the fact that joseph smith vaswas a prophet of godgodjgoda As in other speeches by elder brown a personal experience is used to drive home the nainmainmaln ideas the main points dramatically illustrated by brownsbrolBroi mllsmilsmits experience with the british judge warewere 69

1 1 joseph smith caimedalmedcalmedclaimed to be a prophet of god 2 the world today needs living PropprophetshebsheLs of god and 3 joseph smith met the qualification of mrir erolbrolbroibrownsalsngsnls profile of a prophet

DTELLINGIMPELLING MOTIVES the only category in this speech richwhichnich broibrolbrownm directly used to

ap I was category 101 appealReaicaleal to dsinsids audience sentiments this 11. involved words or 313.1ol01 per cent of the total speech I1 believe that even with

a broad interpretation of impelling illilirilmotivestives that this speech had no dominant appeal other than sentiments

VERIALVERBAL SUPPORMIG matYaTMATERIALERIAL the dominant verbal supporting material used in this speech werewore factual illustration srspecificecific instance and eexplanation factual illustration comprised 1505 words 4545.457 per cent of this smoechspeechspoech A good example of this particular verbal supporting material is hayrayillayallaymay I1 suggest a reason or several perhaps god does not speak to man anymore because he cantcanean hes lost the power he saidlsaidysaidsald of course that would be blasphemous 1 hellheliwell then if you dont accept that perhaps he doesnt speak to nenmenraenruenmuen anymore because he doesnt love us anymore hehesresI1 s gone off and lefleftt us to find our own way in the dark I1 well then if hoilelio coaldcoaidco iidlidildaldaid speak if he loves us9usaus then the only other possible answer as I1 see ityit is that uewe dont need Ilinhinkinilinhim weve made such rapid strides werrwerewerraa so vellveliwellweli educated thewe have sachsuch great science we dont need god anyanynioraanymoreniora 1 and then he said and his eyes verewere moist when he said it mr114r brornbrounbrown there never was an age in the history of the world there never braswasoras a people or a timetinie when the voice of codgod was needed as it is needed now and then he said can you tell me why heho doesnt speak 70

this is a good factual illustration because it appeals to both the intellect and the emotions it appeals to intellect in that it reaches threethroe valid conclusions 1 1 god has not lost ability or power to speak to0 o man 2 god loves all men and 3 man urgently needs to hear god speak today it appeals to the emotions most strongly in the last paragraph where the judges eyes were moist when he said it and then this learned judge pleads can you tell me why he monroe a doesnt speak and ehningerU suggest that factual iillustra-stra tion should 1 1 be clearly related to the idea 11 2 be a fair ex- 11636 ample and 3 be vivid and inpressiveimpressive in detail the above factual illustration aptly fulfills all conditions the second dordondominanttinant verbal supporting material was s2ecificspecific instance involving 629 words 19019.0igo per cenicent of the total words president braimbroimbrojn often used this to reach a climax in this speech the ffollowingollowing is a good example do you believebelleveberleve that god ever did speak to anyone well certainly all through theU he bible we have evidence of that I1 did he speak to adanadamkramlkdamladang yes it enochlenoch noah abraham moses jacob joseph and on through the prophets 1 I believebelleve he spoke to every one of themtheinthern 1

president brown used ext1anaexplanationUi onon totaling 622 words and 18918.9 per cent of the total speech his explanations verewere usually brief and tobo the point and he wouldyould quickly pass from them to other ssupporting material such as factual illustration and sdecificspecific instance A good example of this technique is the following

6 honroe31ionroemonroe and ehninger principles and beesmeesapestypes 91of speech p 164 71

when I1 told him I1 was ready at the moment I1 suggested to him that irelreitewo have italatxjhatA lat in canadian and english 1paiglavlaw and to sorriesonesome extent in this country is called an examination for discovery an llexanlexaminationi nationnathon for discovery is briefly the getting together of the opposing sides the attorneys and the plaintiff and the defendant and seeing if they can

find some area of agreementIDI D and 9 thus save the time of the court later on I1 said perhaps we could have an examination for discovery 9 here 0 0

other verbal supportingID material used include comparison 9 105 words 323.2 per cent and testimony 113 words 343.4ob0433. per cent the reader should not be mislead by these percentages and draw the erroneous conclusion that these lesser used figures of speech are of no value on the contrary it is these small doses of several different kinds of verbal suoportinasupporting material and other factors sprinkled tuhoughoathoughlhoughoat this speech thatthabthau help it come alive and that helps it gain and hold the attention of the audience

FACTORS OF ATTENTION

unileuhliawhile analyzing profileTrofileflie of a prophet I1 was impressed iinithrithnithirithwithmith the idea that the total address was composed of the factor of attention known as activity this activity was sustained throughout the speech by brounsbrownsdrowns skillful manipulationyranilralation of thethoteeteo lianynany different elements of style other doindolndominant32nant factors of attention used were reality 1663 words 50350.3 per cent faiidlifamiliarity 368 words 112 per cent and the vital 100 words 303.000oo per cent of the total words since this speech used factual illustration as one of the major

commw vehicles of commacommunicationlicationlibation the categoryC of reality vaswas involved in

more than half of profiles171rofiles of a ProDprophethet 11 72

the figures and percentages given for familifamiliarity and vital represent a strict interpretation of the definition of terms certainly it could easily be shown that the majority of thetiletiietlle audience were very familiar with prespresidentldentadent Brobrownsmls subject and that the speech was vital to thenthonthemthom because it was such an eloquent defense of their faith and therefor if a broad interpretation iis accepted president brown indirectly appealed 100 per cent to that which wasvms familiar and vital to his audience

other factors of attention sparsely used were broxproxproximityirdind1 ty 20 words 060.6og per cent and conflict 42 words 131.3loio perP cent it is interesting to note that no humor was used in this speech

flooresFITJRESFIGURES OF SPEECH the domndombdominantlant figures of speech include climax 1152 words 393.934934.9049og per cent repetitprepetitrepetition3 on 281285 words 87 per cent and alliteration 111 ordswordsvi 343.404oa33. perpe cent of the total speech president brounbrown expertly joins climax and repetition to move his audience to affirm his religious position the following is a brief OXexampleurpleuqple of this climax repetition combination

kiekleviewe agreed that any fianlanianfimn claiming to be a prophet of god would declare hisids message without arlyariyany fear courageously and without lakingrakingn any weak concessions to public opopinionirdon we agreed that if he weicewelcewere sjeakincspeaking for god he could not make concessions and we agreed that ordinarily what he taught atasvtaswas not iniiiliilit harmony with the generally accepted teachings 0of the day we agreed that such a iaanlaaninannanman would speak in the name of the lord and say thus sayethmayeth the lord 1 as moses as Jerejergjeremiahridahdidah and others some good examples of alliterationailltoration used in this speech are Vvarious0 riouspiousplous vexationsvexatious of the soul pprovedroved to prophetic 0 0 utewe proceeded to prepare 73

would find if they could profile of a 0prophet siisimileiledledie metaDmetadhormetaphorhor antithesis and memetonymygoma were very sparingly used however the overall interestinginterestingnessnoss of this speech was enhanced because of them

FACTORS OF INTEintelligiketjtyGIBILITY ANDAMD flexibility many of the terms defined under factors of intelligibility and factors of flexibility overlap or work jointly with one another so that when one factor is involved several are usually involved this should be understood so that when I1 comment on one factor the readers should realize that it is only one part of an integrated whole it tasvaswas rather difficult to judge accurately whether or not that president brobrovbrownsvalsnls volume was loud enough for his audience since I1 vlkaswasas judging tape recordings rather than live performances however the loudness on this tape and the other four tapes to which I1 listened ijas adequate enough that I1 did not have to strain to hear any portion of anykanycanymany of president browns speeches both his articulation and pronunciation usually were quite good however there were a few incidents in which mr brornbraimbroimbrojn experienced difficulty in saying what he meant to say these incidents ierewere viewieweyle afreetafreedagreed that his courage in su uh supporting jernt his stastaterstatenantstaterjernttenant it 0 0 to give his life if nedne d be for the cause he had espoused such as daniel hosea jo david and ol01othersobhershers patmos 0 0.0 bolmjohnjolm on the isle of the d beloved disciple of jesus 19 0 0 Is 0 show one who has given us more real evidences of the divine calling of the prophet jo of jesus christ than did the prophet joseph srqseqsnithsmithlthalth and I1 shall refreferer I1 thirikaninkvnink to some ad some subssubstantiationsubstantiationmentment statement 74

then christians believing in christ wouldirrjirajnightmightahtwouidwould be justified in some eextenttent

10 message 0 it is the greatest 0 that has come to this earth since the angels mount announcedaanouncedaimounced the birth of christ 19 with the ecaptionceptionexceptionceptiontaon of the fourth example above which will be discussed under factors of intelligibility and flexibility of this speech analyzation all of the above were minor mistakes and because they were quickly corrected I1 believe they did not do any damage to the total effectiveness of the speech aneone reason why many people enjoy listening tobo president fromibronnbrown is because he is artistically skilled in changing or varying his rateSL itchnitch and force in elongating words in the middle of the syllable and in effectively using the pause president brombrowndrown started the speech in a normal low etpitch and slow rate when he began talking about bhethebuhe english barrister the pitch rose and rate increased particularly when their dialoguelialoguelllialo guell began although the sound duration iwithin the syllables docreaseddecreased at this

speech were enoughC be part of the they still distinctd3lstinct 3 to clearly undertoodboodstood during the we agreed part of this speech president brobrownsvalsvmls pitch or rate increases sli-slightlyghtly lutiutbbatbutat each newnemnow we agreed a seemed to be coupled rithwithlithnith increased fealinfeclinfeeling1 or emotion one of the best climactic forceful both pitch and enotionalemotionalenotional moments came as president brown said and I1 submit to you and I1 subrsubysubmittedziiitted to him that if any man who ever lived had a testtestimonyiimonysimony of jesus and gave insIdshisids life for that testimony and was offeeoffeceffectivetiveulve in spreadixigspreading the testimony and bringing convincing evidences of the truth of the 75

stastatelenstatemenstatementtenentemen u that jesus is the christ nonganongamongSL all the men that lived I1 challenge any man to show one who has given us more real evidences of the divine calling of cheohevaeune prophet jo of jesus christ than did the prophet joseph smith thetho heightening effect of this paragraph was lessened unfortunately in the last line ihenwhen president ihbrownown said the prophet jo of jesus christ but up until that point vocal and emotional impact was excellent A good example of a hihighah9h pitchedTitched climax used by mr brown is the following

heyre whom ye ignorantly serve declare I1 unto you Paraphparaphrasingrasinerasina what paul said to Atathensnens he whom ye ignorantly worship declare I1 unto you 1 and joseph came to christians and said to them you been claiming to believe in jesus christ I1 say to you that I1 saw him and I1 talked with him he is the son of god the next line begins when joseph came out of the wood 11 this is said in a very subdued pitch and eithirithwith a mild force then that

phrase is followed by one of the most eimhatic9emphatj c forceforeeforcefullforcefullyfullfuliY explosive passages in the whole speech 11 at least four he really strikes the word four fundamental truths came out with hinhim and he announced them to the world first that the father and the son are separate and distinct individuals secondly that the canon of scripture is not complete thirdly that nianplanpianman was created in the image of god and fourth that revelation or the channel between earth and heaven

is odenonenopen and is continuous the follofollowingang is an example of excellent vocal climax in which the pitch is kept low but the emotional feeling is steadily raised when the judge is reported to speak 76

thithlthiss taswasras a judge snosneakingspeakingspespoaking a great statesman ardand intelligent nallnaltmailman heklekienie threw cutout the challenge do you appreciate the import of what you say I1 he said 111 I wish it werewero true I1 hope it may be true god knows it ought to beba true I1 would to god heho said and he wept as he said it hatthat some man could appear on earth and autholauthoritativelyitatively say husthus saith the lord 1 president brounbroibrownbuoibuol n utilizes almost ajallablabi of the factors of intelliintelligi-i bility and flexibility in this speech these ocalvocal qualities combined with the many different variations of browns use of the english languageU help this sspeechPeechbech to be engrossing and interesting SPFECHSPEECH WOTWO

eratkhatUHATWHAT IS hanitanidanMAN ardAND WHAT HE MYleay BECOME liAN ADDRESS GIVEN TO THE BIYUGHAIABRIGHAM YOUNG universityUNMRSITY studentbodyst1jdentbodySTUDENT BODY euderELDER IJGHHUGH B BRObrolBROIriiril111 assistant to the coucilconcil of the twelve curchchurch of jesus christ of latter day saints march 25 1958

president wilkinson and fellow proximity

students I1 learned this inomorningming that humor specific this is a finishing school men are instance not complete until theyre married and then theyre finished cough laughter president llkinsonlukinsonwilkinsonai4iLlkinson is aleaysalways proximity very generous and thoughtful in fact hwhumordor

he was thoughtful enough this moimolmorningning to provide a glass of water here evi- dently under the mistaken impression

comparison that a vnn3rdwindmillillwllwil can be iluniunrunun by water iteicc14ctaphornaphormcbaphor cough laughter I1 should like to read a text I1 humor may notnobnoe talk about it dightertalaughterT a ighterighter

the psalmist said as he gazed into fanufann1 liarity the starry heavens

testimony 1whendhen I1 consider thy heavens theche work of thy

77 78

fingers the moon and the stars which thou hast ordained 1riatwhatgriat is mailmaiamalaman that thou repetition art mindful of 1hindmhim and the son of man that thou visit est him thou hast made him a little lower than the angels and crowned him metonymy with glory and honour thou puttestputteet all ps thinthingsU under his feet now as I1 look out upon this sea metonymy of faces I1 feel I1 think somewhat alliteration of the awe that inspired those words but I1 believe brothers and sisters alliteration thatghat what I1 behold here is potentially power grander and greater and more precious comparison than what he saw in the starry heavens albiterlliteralliterA atlon he saw the handiwork of god I1 see antithesis his offspring I1 say potentially greater and it is withmith a respect to that word idfd like to direct your attention I1 can best express my feelifedelifeelings1 ngs I1 think by borrowing a word from will testimony durrant 1I feefeel1 like a droplet of simile copiparisoncodiCopicoptparison alliter- spray proudly poised on the crest of ation a wave undertaking to analyze thetho

sea 11 but humbly and prayerfully I1 approach the subject of what is man power and what is inaynaymay be his potential what are his limlimitationstattationslationsionslons 11 what are repetition 79

the limits if any to his accomplishment especially as we think of our present day world and as I1 think of nanman potential nanman and his rela- tiontionshipship to god his origin and his possible destiny and ask what is to be the limit of his accomplishment I1 think the answer is found in another sentiments question wiatmiatmlatwhat will man do with his freedonfreedomfreedora and will he bring his life repetition into harmony with the laws of his universe the laws of god were very grateful in the church and in this great university that the explana- freedom dignity and integrity of man tion is basic in church doctrine as well as alliteration in democracy here we are free to think and express our opinions fear will not stifle thought as is the case alliteration in some areas which have not yet emerged from the dark ages but god himself reality refused to trammel mans free agency even though its exercise sometimes alliteration teaches painful lessons both creative science and revealed religion find their alliteration fullest arldAandaridrid truest expression in an atmosphere of freedonfreedom 80

but as you proceed to make your individual declarations of indindeindepen-ed dence I1 hope you will avoid becoming radicals I1 hope you will distinguish comparison between freedom and license I1 hope explanation you will realize that freedom is only a blessing if isits accompanied by wisdom and intelligence and so I1 would say beware of radicalism batdatdutbut at the same self pres time I1 would urge you to resist the vationervationerservation 1 downdragdowndrag of mental laziness someone familiarity alliter- comparison has said that leads to the premature ation hardening of the intellectual arteries idilditdltd urge you too and especially to ajyjetonymymetonymyeponymyetonymy avoid sluggishness of spirit which alliteration is the worst kind of lethargy you humor hyperbole know there are some men who are phleg- matic to a degree that would make a turtle seem intolerably vivacious laughter I1 hope you will develop the quest- I1power ing spirit be unafraid of new ideas for theyre the stepping stones to alliteration progress but you will respect of affections course the opinions of others even of H illus- some of us who are older you know humor trationtration grandson said grandpa were wereere cre you 81

injn noasnoah I1 s ark of laughter no I1

wasnt in noahsmoahs ark 11 well hows it come you diandidndidntI1 t get drowned 11 cough laughter well now I1 have mentioned the freedom to express your thoughts but vital I1 caution you that your thoughts and repetition expressions must meet competition in alliteration the market place of thought and in metonymy that competition truth must emerge

triumphant only error needs to0 o fear sentiments freedom of expression seek truth in repetition alliter- all fields and in that searching youre ation going to need at least three virtues specific courage zest and modesty the ancients instance put that thought in form of a prayer testimony they said from the cowardice that personification shrinks ffromrom newnow truthtroth from the lazi- climax vital ness that is content withurithwrith half truth fyon fronfrom the arro7ancearroganceU that thinks it has all the truth oh god of truth deliver us 11 repetition explana- science and religion must both tion avoid dogmatism Religreligionsioasiouslous people know only what god has bernbeen revealed been pleased to reveal about himself and the scientists frankly adaadmadmitt that todays 82

truth may be modified and amplified by tomorrows discovery batbut in this search specific for mans potential and im thinking now instance especially of these splendid young men proximity whore assembled here on the stand participating in the worlds largest basketball tournament I1 think of their fine physique their agile bodies their minds capable of split second decisions but I1 am constrained to say let us not alliteration make the mistake of assuming that the body is the man testimony david sarnoff said man is the antithesis greatest miracle and the greatest problem in the earth and president darkclarkmark in that splendid little book of his man gods greatest miracle gives us a learned and a beautiful description of explana- the body of man but man is also spiri- tion tual hes mental moral and aesthetic power and if he is to find satisfaction it repetition will be thetiietile satisfaction of the concomcorncorm alliteration his own complete and true and unavoidable nature these satisfactions are the things for which we strive the poet says then specific know then thyself presume instance not god to scan alliteration 83

the proper study of mankind iiss man now in the first chapter of our oldest book we read testimony god created man in his familiarity explantexplana own image in the image of repetition tion god created he him male and repetition female created he them and he blessed them and commanded them to multi- ply and replenish the earth and subdue it explana- man then from the beginning has vital tion had a unique status a derived and image nature and to him alone was assigned a participative role in the great scheme of things the statement created in the image of god was never made concerning any other of his vast creations now when we mention masmans poten vital tiai we think of the latter day saint view of man before the gospel was familiarity specific restored no one was heard to say As instance god is man may become and yet jesus testimony said be ye perfect even as your father which is in heaven is perfect now does not that injunction imply power limitless possibilities and the apostle testimony john said now are we the sons of god antithesis and it does not yet appear what we shall be but this we know and when he appears 84

wewo shall be like him for we shall see

him as he is 11 explana- now if any of you have been both- tion ered about the subject of evolution I1 familiarity

submit here an inspired concept of evoevolu-AU antithesis tion which exalts riandlanniannanman rather than debas- ing him and relates both his origin and his destiny to the creator of all that is there is evolution if you wish to have it to which you can subscribe with absluteabsolute safety but iheninenwhen we speak of mans potential godlikegod like sta- tusltus let us not forget that the difference between us and our heavenly father now is Lncomprehensivelyincomprehensively great tridaridnd that concept can only made be dademade alliter- alation1lion tenable in the light of the eternities metonymy a13alliter-i terber that lie ahead and in the iaiururiera aierlerstandingierstandingferstanding ation and application of eternal proprogressorossgross sentiments yes man has a godlikeoodgod likeilkelikoilko status vital we must hunger and thirst for the satis- alliter- ation factions of the soul in fact narsnansmarsmans grature rature does hungerC that hunger is

gnagnawinglynglynoring at the nindmind and spirit of rienniennenmen 0 betibetlRetirepetitionL tion fiomiowhoTf are alivealave remember thcutecuthoughah1h what feinanweimnweinan saidsaldsaaid in trstusthis search forfoclo-r truth

testimony the greatestreabrea4k st enenyenemy of truth is iranspianispixnis Alliter atlon 85

tenacity in clinging to unjustified sentiments beliefs you nustaustrrust always be ready to alliteration reinterpret your concepts when they fail to pass the test of newfoundnew found facts alliteration specific someone has said that prejudice is a hyperbole instance vagrant opinion without visible means alliteration of support As we go forward we will discover vital that there are certain laws universal climax inexorable immutable and eternal and atallthatallth blessings are predicated upon obedience to those laws we leamlearn sentiments some things from the past we must repetition respect the past for it has much to

11 L teach the past not dead past repetition testestimonyklivaivalmony is the the philosopher says is the sum of the reality factors operating in the present comparison someone has likened our earthlifeearthlineearthlife familiarity simile to a guided missile batbut we were en- dowed with a divine spark which made it power potentially possible for us to maintain alliteration and enlarge our orbit as we gain intellig- metonymy ence and self mastery sentiments and as we gain intelligence wellweilweliwerli come to see an overall dlandiannianplanpian a grand strategy and well try to fit our lives sentiments into that piapieplaplanpienpianplenn by obedience to godsgod laws 86

comparison now just as the mechanism of a guided missilemissiles or space ship may de- familiarity metaphor H illuslilus flect a failure to properly operate trationarationtration or lead that missile far from its goal or even destroy it even so if we do not come to understand and obey the laws of god our lives will be deflected well be taken from our course and possibly destroyed explantexplana the most delicate mechanism in repetition tion all the world is the mechanism that operates to guide the human soul that sentiments is called the holy ghost that spirit vital specific instance that influence that power may be climax insulated or cut off by improper conduct it nnaymayay be deflected even by an impure thought we have perfect freedom to heed or disregard the impulses of that spirit sniff but we must a- bide the consequences of caroarour choice specific for each descent from instance fair truths lofty repetition way alliter- for each gross error lionllonblonalionatlonaation which delays the sou19soulsoui by that souls gloom and loneliness we pay and by the retarded journey to its goal 87

power we need freedom freedom to climax repetition think to act to take part in activities of all nature kinds batbut we need the steadying hand of intelligence which is god given personification man comparison is more than just what someone testimony has called a fortuitous combination of specific molecules one great scientist has instance restate recently reminded us that no atom ever alliter- nentment ation had a thought 9 no combination of ele- climax repetition ments ever gave birth to an idea no natural law ever built a cathedral man is more than the scientists can test or weigh or measure theretheres always a residue and no scientific analysis can reality find that residue or reach what man really is Thertheretoere various opinions involved and explored and accepted in various fields some scientists disagree adlonganongamong conflict themselves and some religionists too and the two groups dontdon always agree alliteration with each other

explantexplana for insinstancetwice there are various conflict tion opinions as to the time involved and the method employed in the great and continuing act of creation the biblical account of that creation is compressed 88

into a few lines its obvious that climax specific the bible was never intended as a instance textbook on biology anthropology alliter- i ation geology or the sciences ex says I1olana in the scriptures it tiontaon testimony certain things happened in the beginning but as dr talmage points out the word beobecbeginninginning is indefinite what was before that beginning11beginndng11 there wewerewergre other beginnings and so we have tiuetime unfathomable time I1 repetition think joseph F smith president familiarity joseph fielding smith gave us a good testimony idea when he said life did not concommenceaiienoe upon this earth life existed repetitionrepetition longiong our system was lonu11 before solar called alliteration testimony into being and the apsaposcilede scientist re s latedatavata nentment dr john A widtsoe made this remark it seems reasonable to suppose that the great acts of creation could well have alliter- aationtion continuedcontiitued through cons of time in explantexplana factfactfant doubtful if man can measure tion its according to mans methods of measure- alliter- bionblonalionaation ment the timetinietivie involved and dr talmage lion said the earth passed through ages of AlAlliterliterL atlon preparation to us urupunmeasuredaluredasured and imme- alliter-iterlter ation asurablesurable 89

nonownl I1 do not propose to discuss fully for the simple reason that I1 cantcanean this problem of creation and reecreporaporepcrepetitionuition the age of the earth and the age of ranman and the methods employed batbut I1 may refer you to some men whose right it was to declare on these things first I1 call your attention to testimony some words by president anthony WOW familiarity ivins he said 1I dont quarrel with vital climax thetho men who say the earth is only six thousand years old I1 do not take issue if they say its six hundred thou- repetition sand years old or six million what I1 know is that were here on the earth and god knows why and has told us why were here the rest allulimilwill be revealed in his oioinolnoiaoenowna dueduo time and our trouble he said is that we misinterpret the alliteration scriptures testimony and president anthon H lund said

anything that is a tenet of our reli- alliter-A ation gion must come through revelation and be sustained by thechekhe Chchurchurcla and we need not do battle for anything outside the works that have been accepted by the church as a body 90go sentiments thinking of these things does it not seem then that we should keep open minded and be teachable on all these matters and not give too much time in a discussion of things that have alliteration not yet been revealed the age of the earth or the time that it took the lord to create the body of man doesnt make any difference so self pres far as your salvation is concerned now vationervationerservation while ive said theres very little said alliteration explana- in the scripture about the creation I1 tion call your attention to this fact that god is the author of tuotootwo accounts of the creation one is liin the bible supplemented by modemmodern revelation and the other is in the strata of the earth now if you think of it in those terms you will realize that there cannot be any conflict between thesethose two accounts because they both had the alnesames alliteration divine aliatiatlauthorthor specific our scriptures sonesomesomo of them in alliter-iterlter instance ation which wewa believe warewere rittenhittenwitteninwritten by the finger of god on tablets of stone familiarity synecdoche and delivered to moses and other scriptures were dictated by himbirahirabina to 91

his prophet scribes and here both ancient and modernsmoderngmodern and here we have the worldworldss finest literature but theretheresI1 s no more fascifaselfascinatinafascinatingnatina story and none more accurate when properly interpreted and understood than the story that is written also figuratively by the finger of god on the synecdoche stony pages of the earthearthsI1 s crust we cancantt metonymy determine the exact tildetime that was involved the earth was organized from explantexplana edeastingexistingsting materials that you cannot tion get something from nothing is a scientific as well as a spiritual axiom but I1 must not attempt to discuss this matter fully first because I1 cant and secondly because of lack of time I1 only hope to leave athmthwith you the thought vital that you are a child of god and it does not yet appear what you shall be but what you are to be is largely in your hands synecdoche explantexplana speaking further however for tion just a monentmoment of the creation of the earth and what its nademade of and of its indestructibility let me read testimony again from dr widtsoeWidtsoe it is an es Cliclimaxplax tablished doctrine of the church that 92

the ultimate elements which constitute the universe are eternal indestructible and everlasting ldhetherwhether these eternal realities be in the language of science present day science molecules atoms electrons or pure energy is little concern whatever isisis is the ultimate reality is eternal matter as we know it from which the earth was organized consists of eternal elements explantexplana we leamlearn fronfrom the standard works vitalvitai tion that god is the author and ldid like now to bring to you this thought that uhliewhilehl climax we are at liberty to examine to question to dissent if were informed this central thought must be kept in nindmind by all young and old latter day saints the church is lead by revela- tionlionulonoion and there is one man throucthrouchthroughh whonwhom god speaks to the churchchurchy what others may say or aritejritewrite are inferences dedu- tionslctions opinopinions0lonsdonsjons of the various authors but the president of the church speaks to and for the church from this very rostrum just recelrecentlyitly the president testimony of the church david 0 mckay said whateverlyhatever the subject may be the prin 93

cyples of the gospel of jesus christ may be elaborated upon without fear alliteration of anyones objecting and the teacher can be free to express his honest con- victvictionsions regarding it whether that subject be in biology geology history of the world the millions of years alliteration that it took to prepare the physical world whether it be in engineering literatureliteratures or art any principle of the gospel may be briefly or extensively touched upon anchoring the student who metonymy

is seeking to know the truth 11 and in the ninety sisixx ninety third section of the doctrine and cov- familiarity enants we read restate man was in the be- nentment ginning with god in- testimony tellitelligencegence or the light of truth was not created neither indeed can be the elements are eter- antithesis nal and spirit and element inseparably connected receive a falnessfulness of joy Ropetitionrepetitionropetition and when separated they cannot receive a falnessfulnessiness of joy its interesting to note on this part of the subject that eitonelton true- blood said recently with penetrating

we testimony understandinunderstanding0 9 the more identify 94

our spirits with the natural order the more we see matter and spirit alliteration mutually a mutually efficient combination and the riorenoremore we are compelled in reason to posit the reality of a transcendent creator of both yes man has a potential godlikegod like status and I1 think I1hdid like to read a

wordrord from james E talmage on the ques- familiarfamiliarityutyltyalty tion of what is nansmansnanman potential testimony what is man in this climax restate boundless setting of sub- alliter- nentment lime splendor I1 answer ation you potentially now buthut alliter-ter acluallyactually to be he is the ation greatest and grandest and most precious in all the arithmetic of god greater than the planets and the suns of space for him were they created they are his handiwork man is metonymy his son in this world manpan is given dominion over ariarlalitithesisantithesis a ffewew things it is his privilege to achieve supremacy over many things I1 thehe heavens declare the glory of god and the firmamentfirmainent showeth his handiwork 1 incomprehe- personifi- nsibly grand are the physi- cation cal creations of the earth aletOletoletonymymetonymyonymy and space they have been brought into existence as reansmeans to an end necessary to the realization of the supreme Varparpurpurposepose idliadliwhichich in the words of the creator are was and behold this iiss my work and my 95

glory to bring to pass the immortality and eternal life of man cilciuclimaxClunax power may you have the wisdom and the vital alliter- help of god to be worthy of your ation origin equal to your responsibilities repetition and prepare yourselves for your destiny comparison and nowynow I1 see the clock indicates that itisI1 s time for the droplet of spray to metaphor fall back into the sea god bless you alipliallailali amen interpretation AND evaluation OF SECOND SPEECH

WHAT11w11at IS13 MAN riealeAND whiatWHATWFIAT HE MAY BECOME

this speech is composed of 3039 words and has an average of 292629.26 words per sentence the largest number of words per sentence of the five speeches analyzed mr brobrownsmls opening remarks are more informal as is the whole tenor of his speech than they were in profile of a prophet also he uses humor in his introduction as well as a few times in the body of his speech

the consconstructiontraction of this speech is not as tightul or as closely related as the first speech nevertheless what is man is an excellent model for sDsneakersspeakerseakers in that it uses several different impelling motives and nearly all of the verbal supporting materials also more factors of attention are used than in the first speech this speech is a good contrast frotafrom the first one in that this speech is not Ibuilt around theuheuhe personal experiences of president brown instead it is an expository type of speech in which a great amount of quoted material is used there is a definite pattern of a statestaterientstatementrient followed by one or several types of verbal gudsupgupsupportisupportssupportingportiportlponti ratermatermateriallaiialaal1al

IMPELLING MOTIVES

the dorridoirinantdorrinantdoirinnantant impelling motives used in this speech were ssentiments 290 words 959.5 perPG cent of the total speech po-bovierpowervier 213 96 97

70 per cent and selfoselfpeservatiqnselfopreservationpreservation 77 words 232.3 per cent with broad interpretation of criteria these would still be the dominant appeals I1 believe the percentages of sentiments and power would increase appreciatively using a broad interpretation of criteria while self preservation would stay approximately the same the the reasons for the percentages increasing in the categories of sentiments and power is that the lalanguageiguage used in this speech exalts nanman rather than debases him self preservation would stay approximately the sanesame because the mormon religion emphasizes participation in eternal progression not simply escape from pain or punishment brownbrowns use of sentiments is well illustrated by the following

whaulablauI at will man do rthathvithwith his freedom and will he bring his life into harmony rithzithnithirithwithi the laws of his universe the laws of god

A good example of president brownbrowns use of power is

0 what I1 behold here is potentially grander and greater and more precious than what he saw in the starry heaven he saw the handiwork of god I1 see his offspring selfseif drepresvationervationerservation may be sholshownm by the following thotheethe age of the earth or the time that it took the lord to create the body of man doesndoeandoesnt make any difference so far as your salvation is concerned 1 the impelling motive of affections was also used to a slight degree 18 words 050.5 per cent in this speech I1 believe that the differences between the number of impelling motives used in this speech six and profile of a prophet one indicates an artistic versatility in mr browns speech style 98

VERBAL supporting MATERIAL the only two verbal supporting materials not used in this speech were factual illustration and statistics of the other six that were used the dominant categories were explanation 1240 word 40840.8 per cent testitestimony 9 856 words 28228.2 per cent specific instance 332 words 10910.9log porprper cent restatement 256 words 84 per cent and comparison 221 words 727.2 per cent of the total speech mr Brobrownsvins speech covers a variety of subjects with his use of explanation some of the subjects touched upon by him in this category include freedom in the church p 5 need for nisewisetoisetolse use of freedom p 80go avoiding dogmatic religion and science p 81 mans unique godlikegod like status appp 838483 84 evolution and creation p 84 the mechanism of the holy ghost p 86 and the spokesman for the church p 929 this laichimichorrach explanation 40940.91409140.9hogilog perparpe cent of the speech could have become boring but did not because of lirmr browns abundant use of testitestimony specific instaneastancastanceinstance and cocompa22arisonrison in supporting his contentions ardand explanations brobrozibronibrownzi uses testimony from the scriptures will durant david ronoffsaronofbaronofsaronoffaaronoffSa f james E talmage anthon H lund david 0 kckaykickayimlckay and others

some examples of snecilepeciicpecticspecificL instance from this speech arearo seek truth in all fields and in that searching youre going to need at leslleast threethroe virtues courage zest and modesty ditbatbitD it in this search for mans potential and im thinking now estecespeciallyessec lally of these splendid young men whore assembled here on the stand participating in the worlds largest basketball

tournament 1 0 11

brown also compared the lives of his audience to a guided missile he warns his audience now just as the mechanism of a guided risnismlsmissilesileslie or space ship may deflect a failure to properly 99

operate or lead that missile far from its goal or even destroy it even so if imHC do not come to understand and obey bhethebheuhe laws of god our lives will be deflected

TAThereaswhereas the dominant verbal supporting material of the first speech was factual illustration this speech has no factual tion but rather depends on a greater number and variety of the verbal supporting material in order to secure a coarcomrmnicationcommunication level with his audience again it appears one of mr browns strengths is that he has the ability to use many various kinds of appeals or factors for use on different occasions rather than staying in one stereotyped rut

FACTORS OF ATTENTION

the dondominanttinant factors of attention are actiaatiactivity 28142814 words

92692.6 per cent familiarifamiliarity 357 words 11811.8 iderlderloerper cent and the vital 324 words 10710.7 per cent of the total words activity was present in almost the entire speech the major e exception to this I1 bellevbelievebelleve was where testimony was used in regardsC

to the 11aaeage0 of the earth p this testtestimony had too much explanation and not enough other kinds of verbal susunsupdortinsuppnortinDortinnortinpniaterialmaterial other factors of attention used include rerealityalir 174 iwords 57 per cent humor 94 words 313.1 prper cent and conflict 82 words

272.7 perpey cent it is interesting tolo10 note that reailreallrealityz was used almost 45045.0 per cent less in this speech than in profile of a prophet I1 believe this lack of reality occurs because mr brown relies on abstract planationexplanationey and tesijtestj mony in this speech whereas factual illustration dominated profile of a proprophetahetohet 11 100

although many subjects were briefly discussed and well illustrated I1 believe that the changes from one topic to another usually were too abrupt the lack of transitional sentences tended to slow down the otherwise steady progress and activity of this speech however for the most part this speech had good interesting actiaatiactivity thele actalvizctivityactivitylvielviz occurred because of the use of several different kinds of verbal supporting material which has been described previously

FIGURES OF SPEECH

mr brown used ten of the thirteen categories under figures of speech the dominant figures of speech included climax 530 words

174 per cent of the total words 9 alliteration 124 words 41 per cent and antithesis HI words 36 per cent A good exalaxalexampleapieaple of climax from this speech includes fronfrommonmomrom the cowardicecowardicocowardico that shrinks fronfrom new truth from the laziness that is content mthwith half truth fronfromfroda the arrogance that thinks it has all the truth ohua god of truth deliver us 1 some examples of antithesis are man Is is the greatest miracle and the greatest problem in the earth 1 0 in thistills world inannanman is given dominion over a few things it is his privilege to achieve supremacy over many things 9 brown used a great deal of alliteration in this speech fofollowingilourilovrlngang are some examples

0 potentially grander and greater and

more precious 0 9 if 0 the integrity of man is basic in church doctrine as was in derademocracyocracy 0 0 theyre the stepping stones to progress 101

other figures of speech ususedd include simile 29 words 10loio1.0 per cent metaphor 82 words 2277.7 perpor cent personificat1personificationon 3399 words 13 perpey cent mecsynecdochedoche 6 ijordsoddswords 020.2 per cent hyperbole 80 words 262.6 per cent irietoarietometonymy 19 words 060.6og per cent and repetition 84 words 272.7 per cent of the total speech As previously mentioned these items while sparsely used nevertheless give president brolBroibrownsins speeches variety and interestingness they otherwise would not have

FACTORS OF intelligibiutyinte11igibility ANDAMD fixibiijtyfiexibilityflexibility this speech did not have any noticeable extreme changes of pitch nor did it build vocal climaxes as was done in the first speech brown gave his sleechsdeechspeech vithwith slow deliberate rate of speed and vathwith low pitch and although president brombrownbromn does raise his ditchnitchpitch level it appears to be a sign of a change in thought rather than a change in pathos it appears that in this speech brown relys more on the forceful and cLipclimacticlactic elements within the language of his speech to coruicatecoruscatecommimicate his importimportantimporteritcriterit ideas indand emotions than on his vocal style however this does not mean that his speech is boring there is continuous vocal activity produced by mr browns rate variations usually when brown desires to emphasize a thouthoughtahtght provoking or emotionally moving phrase his pitch is usually lowered not raised I1 discovered no errors of artictarticulationlation or pronunciation in this speech 1however the following are four incidents in which mr brown has difficulty with unnecessary repetitions

0 0 can only made be made y whateverffiate ver is is the ultimate reality is eternal 9 isis 102

ninety sixty ninety third section of the doctrineoctrine and covenants 0 0 mutually a mutually efficient combination 0 0 these examples appear to indicate that mr brown knew what he wanted to say but instead he accidentally addedaddedg omitted or changed a word when expressing his thought I1 believe that all of the above mistakes were so quickly recognized and corrected by mr brown that none of them significantly interfered with mr Brobrownsmtsmls presentation this speech gives many good illustrations of how brobrown vbreakswnbreaks up long sentences into several small prolonged phrases each followed by brief rauspauspausess mr browndrowndrovin uses tho rausenausegause most effectively usually brownbroom uses the pause to place importance on words which have recently been uttered and to let the audience have a short time to think about the words he has spoken and to contemplate the meanings of these words at otherothor times brotbroibrownm pauses prior to expressing an important thought in order to prepare his audience for that forthcoming thought in these incidents elder brown may pause immediately after a preposi- tion or infinitive the folfoifolloijingfollotringlotring are examples of this kind of pausing and chrasphrasphrasing

vrnvan 0 0 0 I1 would urge you to resist the dodonndown drag ofmentalof mental laziness 0 0 we have perfect freedonfreedom toheedloheed or disregard the impulses of that spirit 0 0 generally the durdurationaltion of sounds within these infinitives or preposi- tions is prolonged this technictechniqueraepaepue of effective nauspausingpaus combined rithnithirithinithi

brounsbrownsI1 s emphatic phrasingrasinL are characteristic of all of the speechesspeecspeecehes analyzed in this study 103

monroe and ehninger state that the ability to pause for emphasis 64 or clarity is anelnalnean indication of poise and self control I1 believe this speech and the other addresses analyzed in this study would certainly indicate that hugh B brown is a man of poise and self control on four separate occasions during this speech president brown 65 after saying something humorous cleared his throat thithlthiss would appear to be a nervous habit also it was noticed that mr brombrogbrown 66 also sniffed during the speech although I1 have discovered these mannerisms during my investigation of mr bromsbrown speaking style and believe I1 am obligated to report them it is my opinion that they are rather minor and insignificant and do not interfere with his excellence or effectiveness in speaking elder brownbrowns vocal style is not greatly dradramaticinaticenatic or pathetic in this speech altybutybut with the combined elements of interesting language and a variable rate of speaking our attention is held quite well by the speech

6lionroerionroe and ehninger princlesprinciples and typeses of speech p 91 65thesethese incidents are designated by cough 66seesee sniffonshiffonsniffisniffonon page 86 SSPEECHPEEC H YHtheebF 1

PURITY IS PCMSRPOWER

AN ADDRESS gii&nGIVEN AT A BYU trlTRISTAKSTRISTAXPTRI STAXstagsstageSTAKSP FIRESIDE

PIRESIDENTPRESIDENT HUGH B BROWN colcoicounselorunselor in the first presidency the church of jesus christ of latter day saints september 30 1962

F illus whenever I1 ardamara introduced as a hi w0r 4arationurationuration former army man I1 am reminded of abathlatblataiatrhat CI 1mammax happened just after president william howard taft left the presidency and was asked to address a large uoienceaurienceau6ience in new york and on the same program

there was a veteran who had recently

cocolecoieie home and helielleile also was to speak Prosprespresidentident taft spoke first and he swkespok3spoky for an hourhourhoor and a half and

utionwtiontaiinntan en he sat down riostniostflostniestblost of the audience arose to teavedeavereave and the ehauhachairmaniiniian in

desperation arose and said 5 just a

nonentmonentmordentmoment folks just ia monentmomentlioiioinonentment you must

leave no-nowvi this man went through hell for us and now its up to you to do the saitesainesanesame for him Iaughterlaughter cough flxplana the informality of a fireside humor tion climax 104 105

where all 9 figuratively sit on the floor around the fire laughter and alliteration this is some fire laughter such a gathering is conducive of forthright alliteration frankness unstudied discourse and an easy exchange of ideas specific sometimes from this rostrum the alliter- instance ation speaker must acknowledge the presiding humor officer roust salute the president of the university the faculty the honored guests and say ladies and gentlemen or some other inaccurate dascriptiondescription laughter and then hes supposed repetition climax to show dignity that he doesnt feel specific laughter wisdom that he doesnt have instance laughter and if he thinks hehesI1 s a wit hes only half right aalluaillaughterlghterlighter cough incidentally this is the voice of experience speaking laugh-

ter batbut tontonight5 ahtght we shed all that humor alliter- sort of thing and I1 feel right at ation specific home with you folks tonight we have climax instance repetition no president or faculty official here no honored guests no ladies and gen- humor cilinclimaxCliraax tlemen laughter just an obstreper- repetition ous aggregation of young vibrantpvibrant

wonderful students and no man could 106106log

ask for such an audience and any man who faces such an audience if he is to in any way be successful is going to need a lot of help good many of you folks are here for the first time youve come from various parts of the country I1 met quite a number of students coming in some from pennsylvania massachusetts and a little country just to the west humor hyperbole of us here I1 think california I1 believe they call it laughter cough but one young girl from one humor of the countries said 1I just come here to be went with and I1 aint yet laughter sentiments aitaltbitbut I1 hope whatever we say

we tonight thoughCD shall try to say alliteration some serious things I1 hope well re- tain the spirit of happiness and good cheer happiness is conducive humor pun to health while the surly bird catches the germ laughter andaridarld so lets lets be happy and im wondering ilnetherilnether we might speak tonight a little about some of the follofollowingang things not all 107loy10

of them I1 hope you hope laughter humor may we rather than discourse may we just talk together think together alliteration and ififinefinin the course of what I1 have to selfseif pres say I1 should sound a warning to you vationervationerservation young folk I1 know youll not take of-

fense some may ondervonderwondervi if a warnings iter- ation necessary at the BYU but I1 want to tell you that ive never been any place in the world where satan was not there too and theres temptation iter- ation to be met selfseif pres so shall we talk say of cars vitalvitai vationervationerservation albiteralliter and clubs and cavorting or dances atlati on property and dates and danger perhaps of parties

power and people and pettingcd bout wooing and weddings and widows slight laughter about rules and regulations and affections religion self denial and self esteem home sentiments and sanctity 9 about honor and and

heaven P about the truth and triumph and specific tranquility shall we talk about doubt instance and the devil and damnation about self and sex and salvation or shall we talk about life and love and laughter or shall we just browse around like a alliteration bovine in a pasture its up to you 108 sentiments what shall we say all of the subjects and many others laichimich ive referred to and I1 sometimes call them vexationsvexatiousivexations

11 of the soulsouisouly have been present ithwithtejteaxea explana- people from time immemorial your familiarity tion parents and my parents met coped with overcame and were overcome by some of the very things you and I1 have to face and they had some very good common sense withtveith which to face their problems and the way they met what they had to meet determined how they came out of the struggle and in thetho main

they met with and at1 ude alliter- it faith fortfortitude4t ation and courage and so tontoptonightight ild like to leave sentiments id with you a thought with a respect to your duty its well exexpresseddressed in a little couplet sentiments your tatasksk to build a vital 0i11II ai illus- better world god Aalliter-ter trationtration said ation and I1 answered how this world is sachsuch a repetition large vast place and so complicated now and I1 so small and useless anyamyam theres nothing I1 can do batbut the lord in all his wisdom said 9 just build a better you 109log

thats the challenge he holds out to every one of us sentiments each one of you nalenaiemalenialediale or female has vital climax a central hope an ambition an ideal it supersedessupercedes and overshadows all other

things in daybaymyvay estimation so far as ambi repetition tion to be and to become and to have is concerned it is the most valuable the most beautiful and is designed to be the most enduring possession which manraan had ever imagined or achieved affections I1 speak of a happy LDS home vital where love pure and undefiled binds its members together husbands and aveswives and parents and children in an eternal bond whoever has a home like that is rich and whoever may have one explana- and meanly misses it has played the tion fool the home under the divine plan is intended to last throughout eternity to drotectprotect its foundation is the obligation devolving upon both man and woman sentiments purity involves self denial and vital preserves self respect in the foundation of every enduring home there must repetition affections be purity fidelity integrity the hope of naniamanlamanidmankindnd in view of the present 110

state of the worldworld rests on the perp- etuity of the home and the faifalfamilytilyuilyully and one of the most direct persistent vital conflict and effective attacks being made on our civilization today is that which is centered against the home and the attack is coaeoacomcomingi ng fronfromfroin many directions and from many sources id like to quo read a word from fosdick I1 like repetition familiarity it lcauselacausecause he says it better than ivelvedve testimony heard it said before the gripping appeal for self denying purity is not negative sentsentimentshnents and now if I1 begin to talk about purity and chastity I1 hope none of vital familiarity you willn 11 wonder if im going to tread alliteration on oldyoldoid worn out ground metonymy self pres I1 mentioned that perhaps some vationerervationservation would wonder why I1 woudwoujwouldmouldmouidd sound a note alliteration peclI1specificPecificfiefle of warning during the ffirsturst world repetition instance familiarity war and some of you were not bomborn in humor hyperbole nineteen fifafiffifteenteen laughter cough batdatbutdut during that time it ffrequently became inyrrymy privilege and duty to talk to officers who were to lead men into battle and always it was deemed wise to warn those officers of the alliteration ill

size and the disposition and tactics of the enemy and in so warning them

itmiamm sure no one of them ever questioned in his mind whether we doubted their explantexplana integrity oleoiewe simply wished to fore- repetition tion warn and forearm them by telling them something about the enemy so that they might be prepared going on then with fosdick

testimony you young man vital affections the girl whom you are going to marry is now alive you may never have netdietmetpietpletmgt her but somewhere she is walking down a path which in metonymy the providence of god will some day cross yours wherever she may beybegbe she keeps herself for you and in her imagination you are even now a prince whom metaphor some day shell gladly marry not for the wealth alliter- of the world touldwould she ation be grossly untrue to you how then are you living young man you have no right to take such a girl a smirchsmirchersmircheded character smirchsmirchersmircheded with unchastity repetition if you do there is a secret shame that you will alliter- never outgrow a pang that ation you will feelfoel wheneverAi eneverenaver children clamber to your arms to have a home free alliter- from all that with memories ation high and beautiful is worthy is worth anything that it may cost those antithesis who have such a home do not call the price of them self denial its all clear gain they have 112

surrendered dust for metaphor diamonds for this alliter- is the deepest truth ation about self denial inon positively set their hearts upon some high0 possession which they sentiments greatly want and paying the price for them in self restraint they count themselves happi- est of men to possess their treastreasureure self antithesis denial is not a negative repression batbut the cost of positive achievement if we will not deny antithesis ourselves for a christian home we shall deny ourselves a christian homehomo what more appalling self renunciation can there be if we will not deny ourselves a loose and unchaste life then we shall deny ourselves self respect and conscience not fit to live with if we will not deny ourselves bad temper and a wagging tongue then we shall deny ourselves friendship and god pity us if wellweilweli not deny ourselves those habits of thought and life that keep divine fellow- ship away from human hearts then we shall deny ourselves god in short if we will not give up evil for good then we shall surely give up good for etilatilevilawil whence where there is a will albiterlliteralliterA theres a wonmonwontt self atlonatton denial is inescapable it is not the negative for- biddixbiddingig amputation of self metaphor from whichwhdeh men often shrink alliter- it is the price men pay ation when they have positively set their hearts upon some synecdoche chosenchoson goal at its high- estyest it is the privilege life offers us of buying 113

the best at unetheuna sacri- alliter- fice of something less ation desired young folks every one of you may be the cornerstone in that kind of a metonymy home affections batdatbutdut prerequisite to an ideal home vital alliter- and happy marriage is mutual respect ation and there can be no mutual respect if repetition self pres there isnt self respect and so im vationervationerservation coming to the subject of what are you going to do with the temptation which will certainly face you constantly is alliteration facing all of us the devil sees to that but ycuyou must live with yourself throughout eternity and you now vital and for the balance of your time on earth

11 and afafter1 er arillvrillv611 be determining the kind of person youre going to live with throughout eternity its up to you affections mutual respect and consideration are next to fidelity and love thetha most important stones in the foundation of metaphor any happy honehomehoniehopiehople sentiments each person should revere and vital honor the sanctity of life and live on the high plapiaplateautealateata where self respect metonymymetonymy alliter- is paramount this he will do if helieile ation 114

remember that his life proceeds from

god me that thought gives Cgreat hope in the young people of the church we reputation travel all over the church we meet hundreds of thousands and in the main we have every reason to be proud of the young people of the church we affections trust you we love you we count on self pres you batbutbabbub we are anxious for you be- vital vationervationerservation repetition explana- cause we know something from experience conflict tion of the power and the tactics of an enemy and hence this warning notenotel sentiments dr millikan made this statement testimony and I1 like it Thertheretoere only two kinds vital of moral conduct the first is due two kinds of misconduct the first is due to indifference thoughtlessness failure to reflect upon what is the common good in other words careless- ness impulsiveness unreflective living on the part of people who know that they alliteration at least ought to try to tlthinkankdnk things

through 11 and then he says ninety nine percent of people do wrong though- alliter- ation tlessly recklessly iwithout considering the consequences and very frequently the consequences are so difficult to meet and seemingly so out of proportion 115

to the wrong doing F illus I1 remember again im going back trationtraarationtion almost a hundred years batbut I1 cantcanean help humorhilmor that laughter when we landed in england in nineteen four as mission- aries president heber J grant who familiarity was then one of the tuelvetwelve instructed us warned us as im trying to warn you and I1 was a little surprised that he warned us because I1 had the

idea 9 havingc3ca just come fronfrom a farm up in canada and having met some difficulties and temptations I1 had the idea that when I1 got in the mission field and the work of the lord I1 wouldnt have any problems or any temptations president grant among familiarity

other things said irfounayoung men be careful in your relationship irithwith the girls keep them at arms length on our way down to our assigned field of labor

one of the elders who inasvasknaswas with me said does he think were not smart enough and men enough to have a little fun and yet behave ourselves he says im aladgiadglad he didnt say which end of hunrunhumhumorrumoror

the arm to keep thethenthemn at laughter0 116

he said im going to have a good time but im going to behave rayrnymyselfselfseif 11 I1 was young but somehow had a little of alliter- the serious side in inymyrayrny otherwise jovi- ation al nature I1 said brother that was a prophet of god speaking youd better look out six months later I1 walked with that young man from the mission home to the railway station and handed him a ticket home and as we walked he said elder brown if I1 had the courage id jumpyump off the boat on the way home id rather die a thousand deaths than meet my parents and my friends but I1 dont have the courage I1 watchediwatched that mans lifeilfe through life and though he tried hard he never overovercamecanacama the effects of that false step sentiments ralph waldo emerson said and I1 testimony like it nothing is at last sacred vital but the integrity of your own mind you to yourself and you alliter- absolve shall ation have the sufsufferagesufforageferageforage of the world sentiments im calling upon you young people vital

tonight to hold a high0 opinion of your- specific selves my mother taught me that when instance I1 was just a boy she said myitley son 117

repeat each morning when you grow get up the little prayer heiphelp me 0 god to hold a high opinion of m-

yself 1 l

when youre tempted to do things vital which you instinctively know you should not do youre losing your self respect and youll never feel quite the same

am who again if you yield oh I1 I1 one is always preaching the gospel of repentance and I1 would not discourage those too much who make mistakes but do you remember that little poem I1 heard it long ago I1 think it illus- trates the nointpoint just here if I1 can recall it sentiments I1 walked into my garden H illus where sweet the thrushes tiatiationpiationtion sing alliter- and saw between my be- ation low my window A bird with a broken wing I1 healed its wing and each morning it sang the same refrain but the bird with the broken pinion never soared as high again I1 saw a young life stricken by sins seduc- alliter- tive art ation and touched with a personifi- christlike pity cation I1 took her to my heart I1 healed that wound 118

and each nornmornmorningI ng she tried to sing again batbut the life which sin personifi- has smitten cation never soars as high again self pres young people be on guard vationervationerservation the righteous man is a courageous vital man the man with a pure heart and pure repetition thoughts has nothing to fear hes in- vincible and of course when I1 say man I1 mean women as well what was it testimony was it tennyson my strength is as familiarity the strength of ten because my heart is pure and the psaiznistpsalzrdst asks whoho familiarity climax ascend into the of the lord repetitionrepetitionsrepetitionp shall hill metonymy or who shall stand in his holy place heho that hath clean hands and a pure synecdoche

heart 11 sentiments the richest diadem in all thehe world vital is worn only by those who are pure in metonymy heart god grant that you may wear it no other treasure can be likened unto it explana- a difference between in- tion theres nocence and purity one is positive antithesis and the other is negative somebody

parodied one of ella heelerwheelerVl uilukiWilwilcoxwilcouswilcoxscoxs poems in the following words 119

H illus- easy enough to be virtuous trationtration when nothing tempts you to stray alliter- when without and within ation no voice of sin is luring0 your soul away but only a negative virtueits until it is tried by fire and the soul that is orthworth the blessings of earth Is the soulsoui that resists repetition desire H illus- one time some shepherds saw an alliter- trationtration ation eagle leave a cliff a crag and sail majestically butout into the blue and they watched it and suddenly one wing dropped and then the other and the proud bird fell swiftly to the aroundground they ran hastily to see what happened and they found that while it was resting on the crag a little serpent had fastened itself upon the eagle and had made way and its throughZ the feathers had inserted its poisonous teeth into the flesh the eagle didnt know thetho serpent was there

self pres this could be traetrue siessicac1c story of vationerervationservation many a life some secret sin has been alliteration eating way into the hearthearty and at personifi- its cation last a proud life liesidesldesIdesaes soiled and synecdoche metonymy dishonored in the dust 9 repetition power every virile young man and we 120

meet thousands of them who wear the metonymy metaphor badge of purity with the grace and comeliness of a virgin has evidences that heshe a child of god and when we meet these men who arecleanprecleanare cleanelean from the center of their hearts outwardoutdardward we feel almost to bow the knee to gods synecdoche image cough sentiments virtue is protected by modesty vital and should garnish the thoughts and adorn the lives of our people young reputation and old we want our people to be knoonknownknoqn for their decency their propri- ety their culture their integrity specific let our thoughts our words our deeds climax instance alliter- our dress our general deportment ation indicate that we have belief in the sanctity of body as the temple of simile god even as paul said

testimony it 0 0 for ye are vital the temple of the familiarity living god and god metaphor hath said I1 winwill repetition duelldueildwell in them and walk with them arlarkankanc I1 will be their C and they shall be my people if any vanman de- file the temple of metonymy god him shall god destroy for the tenpietentempletempietempie of god is holy which temple ye are 121 sentiments sometimes ive heard young people familiarity say hetwelwethebiheblwell19 everybodyeverybodys doing it do vital not allow yourselves to be fooled with

the idea that numbers doing rongwrongvr makes

nongwronga ong right I1 like this from doctor sorkin testimony in this country he specific says thereretherecetherere large instance number of automobile familiarity comparison drivers who have a habitual cont contempt for traffic laws they speed they forget to sing signal and obstruct fire plugs when they park batbut their growing numbers does not make their crimes all right and then he says testimony we know that their specific shortshortsightednesssightedness familiarity I insinsiinstancetlancewance selfish behavior is a comparison threat to everyone on the road and we try by means of traffic courts and educational propaganda to per-pervadesuade them to show some consideration for society affections sexual behavior like climax any other kind must be tested itsibslbs rightness or wrongness by your own conscience will it hamharnharm repetition your community your family yourself sentiments then it is wrong and you cannot make it right by proving that fifty per cent of the people do likewise sentiments youve got to stand out as individuals and stand for the right cause 122

explana- I1 want to say to you young folks tonight tion that never in all the history of the climax world has the adversary been so organ- repetition ized so nuznunnumerouserous and so expertly lead by satan himself as today and weewere going to face youre going to face an avalanche not only of men in arms missilesmissimissiledled bombs and so on but an ava alliteration avalanche of sexual impurity which is metonymy being spread over the world like a simile poison for that reason im1 emphasiz- ing this particular subject tonight to you young people you boys and girls who sentiments are having the freedom of this campus god bless you that you may not be short- alliter- ation sighted I1 like this thought of sorkin he says testimony some biologists spend familiarity specific their lives studying lower instance forms of ilfelife animals insects and plants and they observe that the entire lifeilfee circle of a potato buglifor a fire fly is devoted to insuring the survival of the species but you are not potato humor bugs laughter self pres IIThumansTinmans like any other form of vationervationerservation sentiments life are concerned not only with the of the species but with what alliter- survival ation kind of lives we live andyand whatvillat kind 123

of species were trying to preserve thats your task and yours is the affections job of holding high the torch which alliteration your parents sent on to you metonymy now im talking very frankly to you young people maybe frank more frankly than youve been talked to before about this matter batbuteat im talking to you as an older brother lets change it and say im talking to you as simile a father would talk to his daughter and self pres his son im saying to you that every- vationervationerservation one of you is equipped with a sex urge you dont need to be afraid of it you alliter-iterlter ation need not be ashamed of it because its god given and has a high and holy Alliter atlon pargarpurpurposepose aitbitattbut ilienillenwhen it is abused or if you let it take command or if you think you can go right to the edge of metonymy sin and then copleeoplecome back I1 want to tell

you 9 most dangerous it is the ID thing in all the world to the peace and happiness of any young man or woman

H illus I1 remember reading of a man in climax trationarationtration canada who advertised for a man to drive sixhorsessix horseshonses on a stagecoach over a mountainous road there were quite 124

a number of applicants but of three wellweilwelinegil speak one came in and the man said how close could you drive to this precipice on a winding road without going over

well 11 he said 1I think I1 could drive within six inches of it and be safe the next man who heard the first one thought hedheld outdo him and when he was asked the question he said why I1 could just crowd the dirt off the edge of the precipice and be all right and valen the third man came up and was asked that question he said sir I1 dont know how close I1 could come and be safe but this I1 know im going to keep just as far away from the edge as I1 can get which one of them do you think he hired you know specific sometimes young people say instance and theyre shortsightedshort sighted when they alliteration say itity that its nobodysnobodydnobodys businessblabrablu siness what we do to ourselves or between ourselves young people thats a very shortsightedshort sighted and flimsy rationaliza- tion 125

explana- nobody lives in a vacuum no vital tion metonymy person is an island who is concerned if a member of the BYU becomes immoral Is it nobodysnobodydnobodys busi- affections ness but his own his family is con- climax cerned his parents his brothers and sisters his hometownhome town his ward his stake his church and god is concerned and hes disappointed it is meonessomeonesso business how we behave ourselves affections young couples married or not must know that improper sex conduct is not a private affair and many innocent people are seriously affected I1 like this from hill and duvall in a book titled when you marry they explana- say morality makes sense because vital tion testimony one our society is self pres organized around moral vationervationerservation behavior as a norm two conscience needs to be reckoned irithwith and more comfortable to itsbe moral three insight rests on understanding of the social order on a knowledge of the consequences of behavior reputation four social approval of friends is important to personal security and the older we get the more conservative our friends become on moral issues 126

power five self realization freedom to grow and freedom to work work with others all lie in the direction of moral living and selfseif pres six the consequences vationervationservationer of immorality are harmful alliter- to the personality and to ation members of society and I1 want to say to you too vital that sin is stealthy it sneaks up alliteration young people should irknownow that gene- personifi- cation rally speaking people do not lose their virtue in one impulsive act putting in

1 restate my own words men dotdont go to hell in hyperbole nentment metaphor specific one jump whaswhats that other quotation instance sin is a monster of such hideous mean metonymy alliter- that to be hated needs but to be seen ation specific yet too oft familiar with his face we alliter- instance ation first pity then endure and then em- climax brace on the other hand heaven is climax metaphor not reached by a single bound but we build the ladders by which we rise from Aalliter-ter ation the lowly earth to the vaulted skies and mount to its summit round by round specific yes sin is stealthy and salvation is alliter- instance ation an ongoing process designed to continue repetition throughout eternity they who are guilty of immodesty familiarity necking and petting11mpetting ln not quite sure that I1 know the meanings of those terms 12712

exactly theyre somewhat modemmodern the hunohumohumorrunorrumorr terms are laughter I1 think what selfseif pres they indicate is not modemmodern I1 think humor vationervationerservation hyperbolehypeihyperhypedryper specific eve ate adanadamadani out of house and honehome instance laughter but they who arearo guilty vital of necking and petting and other and immodest and secret and unwholesome practices should knowmow that they are on the very brink of disgrace theyre metonymy voluntarily voluntarily permitting themselves to be led domdown the road to metonymy misery and shame selfseif pres some young people pride them vital vationervationerservation selves on the fact that they dontdong go further than petting they seem to be unconscious of the fact that theyve already gone disasterously too far explantexplana petting is prompted by lust but repetition tion antithesis lust is not abated by petting its whetted and its a gateway to disasdasas lietIletmetonymyonymy selfseif pres ter and if you allow yourself to vationervationerservation tempt yourself or be tempted or tempt repetition others with the false idea that you can play with fire and not get burned I1 warn you as an older brother as a simile sentiments father keep away from fire and this metonymy power god given instinct this powerful urge 128

will exalt you in the highest degree of the celestial kingdom if youll keep yourselves clean reputation if a choice girls between vital its familiarity being a poor sport or a darn fool repetition dont be a fool dont be afraid of reputation being called a poor sport decent looking men who are looking for wives repetition and the mothers of their children dont want women who are immodest and permit fondling and other intimaciesintimacies they want wives and the mothers of their children of a kind thatll set the right example for their children and it will not be long before you you freshmen here will be fathers and proximity mothers and youll be concerned for those who are to come after you explana- god himself sanctified and vital tion alliter- glorified virginity and motherhood ation by using it as a vehicle through which his son came to this earth explana- the sin of unchastity which is vital tion familiarity listed in the ten commandments as specific among the thou shaltshallshailshait botsnots 11 is instance compound of or calls in as allies most of the misbehaviors known to men 129

the adversary intends it to be followed by a chain reaction satansgatans never satisfied with one conquest but attempts to cut off all retreat by tempting his victim to follow detours

by lying and cheatilchvatilcheatingig and in various ways and att this in reliance on satansgatans promise of self protection specific thererethereceTherere various types and degrees of repetition instancestancoinstance infidelity levidnesslividnesslewdnesslevidness licentiousnesslicentuousness thererethereceTherere various ways in which men and women tempt themselves permit themselves to be tempted to commit adultery and lucifer uses every one of them even the secret thoughts of the heart and the unclean conversation sentiments young people I1 plead rthathwith you keep the air pure do not make it fowl by telling unclean stories and they comparison who listen willing to them are inhaling gerngerm laden gas personally I1 rebel metaphor metaphor when anyone wants to heldheidholdhoid my head over a manhole into a ewersewpr andd thats what happens I1 think when men or women permit themselves to tell or listen to unclean stories 130 reputation another thing is dont you let vital

anyone tentemterntenntemm be uh tempt you to believe that what you do is secret and wont get out the devil11devill1ldevil 11 see to pres selfseif that lucifer and his agentsCD have ex vation unfortunately devised ways and means where men may partially protect them- alliter- ation selves against the natural physical results of their indecency many have thereby been led into shameful acts ioldbold specific theyre told 1 no longer danger-0 instance its oustous it and no one iiilil111willwiliv ever know 11 and withplith these false assurances thousands who might have been deterred by fear of consequences if nothing else have been lured into transgres- sion heres a word from margaret C vital banning I1 wish you girls would let this be stamped on your hearts if metonymy any of this talk is printed I1 hope alliter-A ter ation this one paragraph will be and p I1 wish you would put it under the glass on your dresser where you could see it every day listenustenmsten to mrs bann banning

testimony 4 each girls vital chastity is the inter- metaphor 131

weweavingavinaavindC of her moral code her nervous systemsysteristerlsteni her physical being and her mind does she realize how profoundly that interwoven fabric nlaynaymay be metonymy altered in a few yield- ing moments even without a sense of sin against religion the guilt sense I1 persists altaliaitalwaysraysnays bonnan said this testimony when all iiss said and vital done theres usually nothing gained by pre- marital adventure except immediate pleasure and that at tremendous cost and exorbitant risk comparison no really intelligent humor person would burn a metaphor cathedral to fry an egg

slightD laughterCI even to satisfy a ravenous appetite sentiments and thats figuratively what you do when you surrender the most priceless thing which god has entrusted to your care and the remarkable thing is that he has entrusted it to us because he believes in us and he gave us our free agency mrs chattinchatting sieeieelesic says some other things shall not take time to read tonight but this I1 like testimony experts doctors vital explana- psychologists and friends tion advise direct but they do not decide in the end this 132

is one of the social problems which is broken up into individual cases for deci- sion out of this tangle of impulses some of them inherited and some the product of immediate environment the burden of the race as wellweilweliwen as individual happiness is laid upon every boy and girl the attitude toward chastity is as important a matter as may come to each one of them in a whole lifetime that means that their effort the effort alliter- of their elders should ation be kept to keep plainly before them all the scientific and spiritual and historical equipment and arguments for chastity this will strengthen their olmown mor nornalnormal re- sisistancestance and make them equal to any test power if you would be among the noble vital repetition you must be noble if you would be among the wise you blust be wiseexisevxise if you would be among the pure in heart

you must be pure in heart 11 the pass- word to these select groups is are reputation you worthy oh you may get by by falsifying but if you doanddo and I1 hope youll remember this if you do get by by falsifying youll have to sufsufferfer the misery of seeing your own alliteration 133

mediocrity umiunmashedunmaskedasked in the presence of personification greatness its our painfulpainfpainaal duty all too frequently to have young people and older people unmasked before us and theretherefcheref s no0o heartbreak equal I1 think to the heartbreak of humiliation lliterlilteralliter-A literilter ation explana-E planapiana sometimes you wonder why the tion church makes so much of this sin why we emphasize it so much illliiiai1 tell you one reason we think that imnioralityimmorality sexual immorality is the most one of the most serious of all because by it a person is warring against himself it may be called individual civil war conflict because no man can do wrong and feel antithesis right about it theres always something in him that protests and so if he does sentiments it hes fighting against himself and we dont want our young people nor the older ones to be guilty of things of which they cannot approve themselves sentiments if you do a good thing a gracious vital climax act a noble deed everything about you rejoices in that thought batbutduteat if you do that which is wrong most about you rejects it complains about it cautions alliteration and warns and asks you not to do it 134

specific Thertheretoere a lot of consequences secret instance marriages hurried marriages temple repetition recommends refused unhappy marriages being married to one you wouldtwouldnwouldntwouldntit have married under any circumstances unless it was necessary sentiments oh you just catcant take the chance vital and undue familiarity and permitting intimaciesintimacies itrichithichwhich are disgusting and alliteration indecent and unworthy these are the things that im telling you about tonight as I1 told the eltheeitheel the soldiers in the repetition first world war about the methods and the size and the disposition and the tactics of the enemy and lmim warning god you young people tonightC expects you to rise above it the world is being inundated by a wave of immorality metonymy and were calling you to repentance sentimentsentiments young people keep close to your vital heavenly father talk to him every day of your liflifee talk to him in the nomnornmommorn ing and tell hinhimhldi wh where you are going and what you are going to do and then all through the day remember youre going to talk to him again in the evening and tell hinhim what you did do if youll 135

remember that when youre tempted to do wrong ive got to go back and explana- report to the lord tonight 11 you dondontt tion need to tell him hell know because god is everywhere by his holy spirit familiarity sentiments and you were made in his image keep on speaking terms with him keep active in the church im grateful for the organization of these stakes on the campus sentiments and girls will you please not follow too closely the fashions of vital falufamiliarityliarityliarity the day now I1 know im on thin ice humor metonymy there laughter if you girls knew the kind of females that initiate a alliteration reputation good many of the fashions and if you knew the purposes they have in nindmind you wouldnt follow them no decent man is pleased with improper exposure repetition of the body when girls expose them- specific selves the wicked leer and lust alliter- instance ation decent men blush and are ashamed fathers and husbands weep for those they love girls be modesmodest b and affections dont be responsible for inciting in the thoughts of men and boys things which perhaps will get out of hand 136 reputation if you knew how good men decent men look upon indecent vronwomenienten youd be very careful not to be classed among them sentiments one other thing sniff be care- vital ful in your speech dont give way to swearing to vulgarity of any landkind live above the fog keep your head MetonmetonymypW antithesis anongamong up in the clouds laitbut keep your ffeetceet on the ground explana- I1 said a minute ago that I1 tion believe in the doctrine of repentance familiarity principle of repentance and I1 do if youve made a mistake and are sorry alliteration for it and want to make a new start you have a loving heavenly father who will hold out his hand to you and say my child come back and you may start again batbut there is a law irrevocably decreed in heaven upon which all blessings are predicated and for every broken law theres a penalty restate- there is no swift repen- alliter- ment tance can retrieve a ation violated principle no crying 111 I believe no you must wear it out brby patient years for each descent from fair truths lofty way for each gross error wlwhichich delays the soul 137

by that souls gloom and loneliness we pay and by the retarded journey to its goal yes I1 believe in the doctrine of repentance now I1 want to say this god has no vital self pres favorites you cannot say that I1 can vationervationerservation do this and get away with it because of who I1 am or whose child I1 am or repetition specific where I1 came from A live electric metaphor instance wire will shock or kill a prince as well as a pauper the folly of the antithesis ignorant or the sophistication of the alliteration self styled elite will neither excuse nor mitigate

sentiments immodesty in thought vordwordVio- d deed vital climax dress assails a personpersons integrity at its very foundation and integrity is the verveuveryy bulwark of life refurefuserefugeso to metonymy repetition come down from the pedestal my young frilfriifriendsends refuse to sell out and be cheap or unclean or indecent I1 like alliteration what abraham lincoln said speaking of hishys home testimony here is my heart my vital happiness my house alliter- here inside the lighted ation window is my love myray repetition hope my life peace is my companion personifi- on the pathway winding cation 138

to the threshthrestothresho threshold explana- inside these portals dwells tion new strength security alliter- serenity and the radiance ation of those I1 love above life itself here two will build new dreansdreams dreams that tomor- repetition row will coneeonecomecomo true the world over these are the thoughts at eventide when footsteps turn synecdoche toward home and the haven of the hearth metonymy side is rest and peace and alliter- comfort ation each of us could well offer the prayer tonight which the poet penned sentiments refining fire go through testimony my heart alliter- 1illuminateilumliuminatebinate my soul ation scatter thy light through every part and sanctify the whole and then that matchless promise of the lord himself sentiments & 0 0 let virtue familiarity testimony garnish thy thoughts unceasingly and then th shallshailshali thy confidence wax strong in the cresencpresenc3presencpresence of the god alliter- and the doctrine of the ation priesthood shall distill upon thy soul as the dews from heaven the holy ghost shall be thy constant companion alliter- and thy scepter an ation unchanging0 scepter of repetition righteousness and truth and thy dominion shall be an everlasting dominion and without compulsory means it shall flow into thee forever and ever repetition 139

explana- my dear young friends one of the familiarity tion duties which forms part of the charge that is given to every man laoiaowhoxao becomes one ofaof a member of the council of the twelve is that he shall bear witness alliteration of the christ and become a special repetition witness specific uhenwhenwaen peter was asked by christ familiarity instance whonwhom1114hom do you say that I1 am peter said thou art the christ the son of the living god and jesus said that flesh and blood didtdidnt reveal metonymy it to him but his father which is in heaven young people humbly but

TVtithnithwith the same authority with which vital peter spoke I1 say to you tonight and to him in answer to the same question thou are the christ the son of the

god 11 and 1 know as peter living01 I it kaewknow it by the revelation from god sentiments my heavenly father and I1 know too that every one of you and all of us werewore was made in the image of god children of our father brothers and sisters of the savior of the world Sentisentimentssentimontsmonts christ died fforor us and he asks vital us to be worthy of his sacrifice I1 140

want to leave that testimony wlithtithwith you because I1 may not have a chance to bear that testimony to many of you again

earlanalaplanafaplana and 9 another blessbiess another obligation0 tion and privilege given to us is that we may bless the people and now at the beginning of a newnow seasonsseasongseason a new school repetition year a first school year for many of you standing on this great campus repetition established by inspiration continued and maintained by the prophet of god making appropriations standing on this campus before tiastills magnificent audience of young men and youg women I1 humbly pray god to bless you father bless and protect these vitalvitai young men and women protect them

against the i alesrilesnilesmlesmies of the adversary give them the good sense oh god to be clean help them to be worthy of the blessings which are here offered to them I1 pronounce this blessIblessingMg upon you my young friends and I1 say to every one of you you would be more power than equal to any temptation that may come to you provided you meet it with firmness when it first appears for I1 141

specific repeat no man goes to hell in a hyperbole instance repetition self pres sinsinglele juryuryunjump1pap 11 be careful of the vationervationerservation first appearance of evil personification I1 leave with you the blessing vital climax of peace of happiness of compa- ionnionshipship of joy and happiness and the blessing that comes through edu- repetition cation the educating of the mind and the education of the heart I1 bless metonymy reputation you that you may be made worthyworthlyworthay of the parents who sent you here and alliteration sentiments who are supporting you I1 bless you that you may have a testimony of the gospel oiof christ and that you may be reputation worthy of the name you bear I1 leave this blessing and this testimony lithrithnithwith alliteration you tonight and gratefully thank you for your patience during this long hour and I1 leave it with you in the name of jesus christ amen interpretation AND evaluation OF THIRD SPEECH

PURITY IS POWER

there are 6669 words in this speech irithnithirithwithinith an average of 192919.29 words per sentence the style of this speech is very similar to the expository style of tornattvrnathat is man and 11hatvjhat he may become in which usually there is a main contention presented followed by one or more yerbalverbal supportinasupporting materials however of the two speeches ilpurityllurity is power is the better sspeechdeech I1 believe this for several reasons 1 l1 although purity is power touches on several different topics as did the second speech it is much better organized and its different areas of discussion generally are riorenorepioremore tightly fitted together byy appropriate transitional phrases or sentences 2 there is Ilessess explanation and restatement in purity is power the speech I1 s procprogressionression is not halted or slowed dodownvm iiee once a statement is made and verbally supported president brown goes on to a new topic and does not retrace his steps 3 the anioimtamount of humor is almost doubled and 4 the number of nte1linfimpellinpimpelling motives and the frequency of their direct appeal to the audience is greatly increased

LiPELLINGBIPSIUNG TOTIVESMOTIVES1 this speech directly appeals more frequently to the impelling motives of selfseif preservation 953 words 14214.2 per cent reputation

398 words 595.9 perP cent affections 466436 words 73 per cent and

142 143 sentiments 1679679 iwords 251 per cent than any other speech analyzed

VERBAL UPPORTEMSUPPORTEMSsupportingmatgrialMANRIAL the only verbal supporting material not used in this speech is statistics the dominantdorddonddonnnant categories are testitestimony 1350 words 20220.2 per cent eclaeliaeulaexplanationnation 979 words 14714.7 per cent specific instance 679 words loi10110.1 per cent of the total speech

president brown uses over 290 wordslords of testintestimtestimony from harry enersonemerson brown quotes p tennyson fosdick also 1.1 from 1lillikanmillikan 114 p 118 emerson ppll6116 sorokin appp 121122121 122 hill and duvall p 125 banning p loliol131 ijncolnlancolaianlancolnlAncolneolneoin p 138 and the scriptures p 138

losthostmost of the explanation is very brief and macmucsuccinctcinct and is often followed and aided by other types of verbal supporting eatnatmaterialerial A good example of the several specific instances used in this speech is the follofollowingiring lmim calling upon you young people tonight to hold a high opinion of yourselves my mother taught me that talentaienwhen I1 was just a boy she said lymy son repeat each morning when you grow get up the litlittlelittietieuieule prayer help me 0 god to hold a high opinion of myself other verbal supporting material used to a significant degree in this speech includes hypotheticalnothetical illustration 165465 words 686.8 per cent factual illustrationilluallustraticstratio n 426 tonwordsTords 64 per cent and compari son 283 words 42 per cent 1whereaskhereas profile of a prophet the first speech analyzed combined factual liluillustrationstration and mlanationplanationexplanatione for 64664.6046gag per cent of the speechsspeeches content and the second speech what114hat Is mailmaiamala and what he may become excluded ictualffactualvictual illustration and consisted of all the other verbal supporting material except statistics purity Is power combined both of the above methods to provide 144 its listeners with virtvirtuallywailywally the adestwidest possible range of activity through verbal sumorsupportingtippting material

IMROTORS F ATTENTMN because of the many different factors of style used in this speech this speech is completely vital and active other factors of attention used to a significant degree in helping this speech to be vital and active are the factors of reality familiarifamiliarity and humor

the factor of realreality composed 692 iwords 103 per cent of the total speech while this percentage is not too high nevertheless it adds to the overall activity and interest of this speech fain 671 100 fairfamiliarityiliallla 9 61 hordswords comprise 100loo10.0 per cent of the speech which directly appealed to the audience however by using a broad definition almost all of the speech engaged ideas and ideals that were familiar to president brom most of the authors quoted by brombrown were familiar to his audience see verbal sudsunsupdortinpoortingdorting materimaterialal above although much of the material may have been fresh to them

president brohndrohnbrown uses almost tifajicefajimerice as much humor 51 derperP cent as the total first two speeches combined over two thirds 26276 words of the humor in purityparitypurity is power occurs in president brownbrowns introducation

figFICFICUPPSFIGURESUPPSurps OF SPEECH

the ttwovm dominant figures of speech used in this address are glamaxljmaxslinky 737 words 110 per cent and altiterabionalliteratlion 427hah2 words 64 per cent 145

sonsomsonesomee good eyamplesampiesexamples of climax are tonight we have no president or faculty official here no honored guests no ladies and gentlemen and the psalmist asks iho11dhojho shall ascend into the hill of the lord or whoho shall stand in his holy place he that hath clean hands and a pure heart his family is concerned his parents his brothers and sisters his hometomhometotinhometomtogtoTin his ward his stake his church the follfollowingowino is an excellent example of alliteration so shall we talk say of cars and clubs and cavorting or dances and dates and danger perhaps of parties and people and petting bout wooing and weddings and widows about rulesrolesroies and regulations and religion self denial and self esteem and sanctity about honor and home and heaven about the truth and triumph tranquility other figures of speech used to a significant degree0 include antithesis 28278 words 424.2 per cent repetition 233 words 35 perpe cent and meametaphorL chorphor 138 words 9 21 per cent

FACTORS OF DITETbitelljgibility1igibility AND flexibility the excellence of president browns vocal style is well illustrated in this speech rishis TTordswords are velivellwell articulated and pronounced itheithwith clarity and are delivered for the majority of the speech in a low key and at a fairly slow rate of speed in this speech Presipreslpresidentdont brounsbrowns pitch variation plays the more larger 2 nore sicidficantsignificant1 role in creacreatinccreatingtinctinncd vocal variety while his andzandcand overallover all rate of delivery remains 1generally constant delidelldeildeliberateberateborate force and vocal climax are used several times in this speech

1soneisomesome examples of these in this sspeechmecchpecch are when president brobroombroenbrownvm iwarnsmarns against the adversarysadversarys attack on the home p 110 the Il sexualilsexual avalaavalancheichelehe ithichwhich is about to cover the nation p 122 146 and when he compares lilistenilistenalisteningsteni ig to a dirty joke to be similar to I1 z e holding his head over a manhole into a sosewerter if p again in this speech president brown divides his sentences into smaller phrases some of the phrases are prolonged others are delivered more rapidly apparently dependent on the kind and amount of emphasis he iwishes to place on a certain group of words the following are good examples of this virzirgulesvirgulesgules willmill be used to indicate pauses whenever I1 am introduced as a former army man I1 am reminded of what happenedjusthappened just after president wiwilliamam howard taftleftTaft left the presidency and was asked to adaddressdiess a large audience in new yorkandYoryorklandkand on the same program there vaswasas a veteranhffioveteranwhoveteran who had recently come homeandhonieandhomeardhonehomehoniehomie and he also ivaswasas to speak sometimes from this rostrumtherostrum the speaker must acknowledge the presidingID officerrmstofficermustofficer must salutesaluto the president of the universitytheuniversitygtheuniversity the faculty the honored guestsandguestsand say ladies and gentlemen or some other inaccurate description again in this speech there were places in joichffiichjhich president brown retraced his words tobo be certain he said what he meant to say the following are examples of some of broibrolbrownsalsnls retracing id like to quo read a word fronfrom fosdick 10 0 irithleithwith memories high and beautiful is worthy is worth anything 1vavhencelwhencehence1whereA lere there is a will theres a wonwon1wonaI1 t repeat each morning when you grogrowx get up the little prayer 0 and saw between below my landowwindow drivers Twho have habitual cont contempt for traffic laws they speed they forget to signal 0 0 but an ava avalanche of sexual impurity 0 0 0 0 imilia talking very frankly to you young people maybe frankmorefranfrankk noremore frankly

after carefully re listening to the tape recordingsC of these incidents of retracing it is my opinion that these incidents had little 14714 or no disruptive influence on the flow of effective communication I1 believe the main reason that there was virtually no disruption taswasras because president brown usually corrected himself very rapidly

president brobrownvm appears to have a good sense of timing when telteitellingg jokes or anecdotes bunorhuriorhumor was used on eleven different occasions only tacetwice out of those eleven occasions did brown clear his throat after telling a joke or humorous anecdote finally mr brown occasionally used a higher degree of explosive foiceforce than in the previous addresses the following are examples of explosive and forceful situations in this speech were going to face avalanches not only of men in arms missile bombs and so on but an ava avalanche of sexual impurity which is being spread over the world like a poison putting it in my mmown words men dont go to hell in one jump f 0 0 I1 wamwarn you as an older brobrotherbrochercher as a father keep almyaimyawayamay from fire personally I1 rebel whenvaenwaen anyone wants to hold my head over a manhole into a sewer and thats what happens I1 think when men or ooioolwoioomenwomenlienllen permit themselves to tell or listen to unclean stories if a speech teacher or student were searching for a good modemmodern speech model I1 would decorarecommendm end tusthis speech by hugh B broinbrornbrown I1 would recommend it because of nearly all the items of style used which have been covered in this study SPEECH FXJRFOUR

CONTINUED IEARNING ketgetKEY TO PROGRESS

AN ADDRESS GIVEN AT AN educational DERSHIPd5adership heegWEEKweeg ASSEMBLY

PRESIDENT HUGH B BROWN counselor in the first presidepresidencyneyncy the church of jesus christ of latter day saints june 9 1965

question one oarour stock of knowledge is doubling almost every ten years the physical sciences lead the way but much is new also in the social sciences and the humanities many things learned in one decade are obsolete in the next and even the great unchangeable truths must be applied to new and shifting cir- cumstancescumstances now my question is this what will be the impact of this floodflood of knowledge upon members of the church

what counsel president bronnbrown wowoaldwouldaldaiduld you give to latter day saint learners in view of this rapid advance in knowledge

ananswerswerawer

in brymynry opinion there are no people vital in the world to whom the challenge is 18116 149

more direct and more imperative than power is the challenge of continuing our education in fact one of the great and eternal truths enunciated by the prophet is a man is saved no faster than he gains knowledge and again he said

testimony we cannot be saved in ignorance the glory of god is intelligence power well among the things then vitalvitai which viewegie have to uh incorporate in our education is a hunger and thirst for knowledge a continuing quest if the question were asked of any group what they would change if they could live their lives over again I1 think the explantexplana answer would be my education edu- tion cation has been said to be a continuous lifelifelonglong process and from the revelations of the lord we find that it is an eternal process what one knew climax at twenty one at thirty five or at sixty is never enough to last a lifetime the degree of our intelligence climax in business profession home life family life social affairs civic lifeilfe in fact our religious and personal philosophy is largely determined 150

by our education

explana- the risewisenise know too well what their tion weaknesses are to assume infallibility and the man who knows the most knows antithesis reality how little he knows I1 am thinking now in terms of the people who are listening proximity there in your audience many of mature alliteration dianymany of them college graduates who have gone out into life explana- now teachers tell us that the aim vital tion of a liberal education is the improvement power of the mind that the mind grows with repetition the acquisition of knowledge and skill As our understanding deepens and as we climax gain new insights our capacity to do and to be and to become increases therelethereretherefreTheTher refreere limitless areas all about us alliteration which areatrealveQLVQ as yet unexplored and they

become increasingly evident as we push metonymy back the horizons of our knowledge sentiments it seems to me that all adult vital people should be deeply impressed by ideas thereneremere is a set of books recently published known as the great specific I1 gregreat books of the western world familiarity instance reality explana- it is a complete set given to the tion explanation of ideas andnd in that we 151

find a discussion of the ideas of the vital great men of the past two or three sentiments thousand years all self educated men and women continue to plunge as it were into the sea of books and metonymy try to think their way out of an apparent wilderness of ideas they fight and struggle for knowledge and metonymy undertake to coordinate and system- atize it this quest for knowledge becomes then an important and necessary part of life and it does not end antithesis in fact it does not even begin sometimes in college sentiments in the first place it is of vital utmost importance that we feel and appreciate the need for keeping abreast of whaswhats going on in the world I1 am concerned with the latter day saints as a group that they shall never feel that because we have the tilththithtruth that our search for truth has repetition therefore ended what we have is truth but truth theres much truth that has not yet been revealed and we must specific keep open minds and be inquiring co- instance nstantly into the latest ideas invenanven 152

tionseions propositions that are available to us in current literature oar accep- tance of the gospel is just the beginning or our education this must be added upon sentiments we should therefore be students of vitalvitai current events read assiduously a few of the best magazines and current books in order to meet informed and intelligent people and to discuss the gospel with them in the late light of the specific latest discoveries of students and instance scholars in the physical and social sciences in the humanities and the arts let us measure all so called new truthtruthstruthsolstisoisol repetition by the standard of basic truth which explana- is the gospel of jesus christ these tion truths do not become obsolete nor do they change but our interpretation may be faulty and incomplete in fact we know it is sentiments no one of us can in a ai1ifetimefatimelifetime vital know even a part of what there is to be known therefore we must becusecu select ffromrom what is current and up to date a course of study in which we find the greatest interest become pro 153

ficientfocient in it by reading and discover- ingang everything that appears or is available in that field then in addition to our special interest we should leamlearn something about other fields of knowledge and thus gain and increase our general understanding of knowledge of as many subjects as possible but

affections we should know some one subject well enough to teach it to others

specific when the coigospel was restored the familiarity instance vital lord advised us through the prophet joseph smith that a great and marvel- ous work was to come forth since that time theres been a revolution in knowledge in all fields of hunanhurlanhuman en sentiments deavor it is therefore incumbent upon us to be well informed and proficient through study and reading and prayer the lord never puts a premium on sluggish repetilRerepetitionpetillionvionvlon thinking and sluggishness of spirit is the most deplorable liewe mustreust be prepared to meet men of science and knowledge and present to them the gospel in the light of what they already have you asked for suggestions on how we may acquire a working knowledge of the 154

classics in literature and thought also that I1 name sonicsoniesome books out of which one may find words of wisdom im here I1 think infringing a bit on your second question I1 wonder if youd like to read it at this point question rmtwo

president brown you enjoy a very wideveidevelde acquaintanceship ithwith the classics in literature and alsoiin current thought could you give us one or

two suggestions on how one might ac- quaint and acquire himself with this working knowledge

answerV

explana- ide119wellweliweil of course I1 immediately tion refer to the standard works of the familiarity church in mans quest for god and the good life there is one book which continues to be inseparable let me quote a word from leon gutterman editor of the wisdom magazine he says testimony the bible has been familiarity sentiments more widely more care- reality fully and more criti- activity cally read than any other specific book in this book are instance infinite wisdom and infinite love it is a book repetition 155

of faith a book of climax morals a book of religion it teaches man in his owaown his own individual respo- sibinsibilitylity his dignity affections and his equality with his fellow men power if we would find antithesis specific joy in sorrow strength climax instance in weakness light in darkness if we would leamlearn how to bear ad- versity and scorn and how to fight life I1 s battle courageously if we would find the best way of living the noblest way of thinking the monostmostst comfortable way of growing it would be well for us to consult gods chart and steer metonymy self pres our lives by it it metaphor vationervationerservation will show us where the harbor is and how to reach it without running on the rocks and will keep us from the bottom of theune sea he continues explana- men cannot be well antithesis tion educated without the bible for it is in itself a liberal edu- restate- cation no person who ment wishes to become in contact with the world of great thought can afford to be ignorant of the bible I1 sometimes fear our own mefabersmembersmefabers are not as well acquainted writh the bible as they ought to be I1 quote again testimony reading the bible vital will not of itself 156

satisfy the needs explantexplana of faith there tion must go with it a proper interpretation and a necessary understanding thatsthat the end of the quote nowynow we as people have not only the bible but other books from which we can quote and explantexplana which we often read they help us with vitalvitai tion our understanding of the meaning of the words contained in the bible or in this set of books which is known as holy power scripture reading the bible helps us to release our minds and makes us enables us to lay hold on the vaster meanings of life it gives us faith climax that dispels darkness conquers fear and inspires courage we need to refresh and deepen our lives and keep them from becoming hard and dry shortsightedshort sighted and alliteration spiritless may I1 quote from the late john F kennedy who wrote shortly before his death climax testimony the moral precepts reality and phrases of the bible vitaivital are worn into the fabric lilliialliterlter of our national woven atlon into the fabafabmfabricc of our metonymy national life its wisdom has traveled with metonymy 157

our people because it helped them tobo live creatively helpfully victoriously it will travel with mankind in all his adventures today the bible has been published in eleven hundred and sixty five different languages alliter- or dialectdialectssp which are ation statistics spoken by ninety percent of the worlds popula- tion these transla- tions are inestimable value its not enough the bible be translated published and distributed the bible must be read while thats the end of the quotation while making a lifetime study of the standard works of the church one familiarity should also become familiar with classics specific with shakespeare and milton and tennyson instlanceinsulance poverpower and vlorisvlordswordsvjorthvxorth should read something of the philosophers and scientists should find out how boundaries of knowledge have been altered and extended in religion and in literature one should know something specific of the writings of plato of aristotle instance of socrates and the later prophkroph philosophers who while they err in dianymany res- pects nulwillnuinul start a man thinking indepen- dently and courageously on the meaning of life and its purpose power A man should study the lives of 158

great men also but before pursuing that thought may I1 in addition to what I1 said about the bible draw attention to the value of the book of mormon in familiarity our reading the book of mormon has many forms of literilter literary technique specific they employ figures of speech such as instance sirulessimilesI1 metaphors hyperboleshyperboles and others narration expositionexpositionand and des- criptioncription oratory epicepie the travels of alma and the dealings of nephi and his brothers here you irillwill find lyric alliteration and logic in moronis argument to believersunbelieversun parables as in the parable of thebheuhe tame and the wild olive tree alliter-iterlter ation three interesting types of hebrew literature literary forms are to be found in the book of mormon sentiments none of us can afford to overlook the value of the doctrine and covenants familiarity

as we undertake to read what the lord has said to us in thistills time theres nothing finer that can be rittenwrittenvr or read anywhere than some words rittenwrittenvj in the hundred and twenty first section of the doctrine and covenants where we read 159

testimony how lonaionalong can rolling vital waters remaremaintii111 impure familiarity what power shall stay metonymy the heaven As well nightmight man stretch forth his puny arm to stop the synecdoche nisYismissourisouri river or to tur in its decreed course or to turn it up stream as to hinder the almighty from pouring down know- metonymy ledge from heaven upon the eds heads of the synecdoche latter day saints power end of quote now if were to vital have the benefit of that kind of revelation from the lord we must keep open and inquiring minds and never allow ourselves to be in a position of what might be termed the hardening of intellectual arteries you perhaps have metonymy other questions youd like me to discuss at this point question three now do you have any other books that youd like to suggest youve suggested the bible the book of mormon our standard works answer and I1 suggested I1 think specific shakespeare and milton and tennyson familiarity instance power and wordsworth id like to start from there now and suggest that everyone become familiar with the lives of 160160igo

great men by reading biographical his- tories theretherest s no more profitable reading than be biography if onell become familiar for instance with the specific Iiistoryhistoryiiistory of abraham lincoln as written familiarity instance reality by carl sandburg he will there leamlearn how to live what to do and what to repetition refrain from doing and hell be given courage to meet lifes problems powerpowar it would be well for us to read specific the writings of men like churchill and familiarity instance reality woodrow wilson to know something of thomas edison and other inventors become familiar with philosophy and here youll do well to read will rantsdurantsdurantaDu introduction to philosphilosophy become acquainted with james with overstreet st augustine in short power view the gospel through the evies vital eyes and lives of great men then alliteration ones appreciation of the gospel will be enlarged and his abilityI1 to pre- affections sent it effectively to educated people be connection P0 v r will increased in that we should riotnot overlook the poets for the poets have been and are in a real alliteration sense prophets we should become fa 161

miliar with the 01great poems the epic repetition poems and the more recent writings of the best poets we have today all of this together and much more of course alliteration will helohelheihelpheipheldheid o to make an educated man I1 think you have another question question four what are some of the things you do president brown that would help us answer well really I1 would not wish to hold myself up as an example to anyone I1 uh have had to pretty well educate explana- myself uh I1 think I1 can without tion boasting say that I1 seldom go anywhere without a book I1 without boasting again might add that I1 very frequently start reality my reading at three 09 clockoclock in the morning I1 find the best time to read is when im fresh and if I1 can read from three to six oclock in the morning I11 tm then ready to come back to the office and take up the regular duties of liflifee power I1 might suggest to your group there vital that thirty minutes of reading every day will in a very short time take one through a lot of good reading philosophilosof 162434 3

phy religion science the arts and

so on question five would you please rank in order of importance three or four kinds of knowledge for which we should continually seek answer id be glad to suggest some things alliteration although I1 wouldnt prepresumesuriesunie to have this uh known as a outline for students or scholars because I1 lay claim to neither power of those categories I1 tunkthink however vital if I1 were to try to out of my own experience list the kinds of knowledge that specific I1 would be searching for I1 would of instance course in the first instance seek a knowledge of man the science of living I1 would try to leamlearn something of anatomy and of chemistry physiology and alliteration psychology pedagogy hah1storyhistory sociology political economy all of these and

other subjects come toI1lo10 daymyrayrny thought talentaienwhen lmim thinking of what I1 would read first explana- they help me to understand myself vital tion and plyniymy relationship to god man is more than the mere chemical substances which 163

constitute the tissues and humors of his body man may be a poet a hero or a saint he is prodigiously complex wtbutbub our knowledge of him is founded inonin on imprecise data explana- the materialistsmaterialists and the spiritual vital tion reality istsests accept the same definition of crys- Alliter atlon tal of sodium chloride but they do not agree with one another on the subject of alliteration man and what he is iftiatwhat he may become repetition in fact our ignorance on the subject of man is profound many of the questions on this subject remain unanswered explana- but to latter day saints man is vital tion reality a child of god with the seed of godhood in him aside from the prophets the ancients had ev not even the most elementary notion of the structure and function of the brain the liver or the thyroid glands life and existence moral suffering craving for the unknown are all phenomena to the student unless he relates them to the gospel and sees power in inannanman a child of god destined to be- comee like that from which he eanecaneeanocamecamo A study of the spiritual life and phil- men osophy attracted Cgreater than the 164

study of medicine our minds delight in

contemplating simple facts rieviewe have a certain repugnance to attacking complex alliter- aaulonaukonationlionulonatlonukon problems we love to discover the meaning or life batbutbratbrut we do not possess the technique capable of penetrating the mystery of the brain and the harmonious association of its cells power I1 think in other words that our vital first study should be the study of man not only as such but his relationship to deity and in the study of man repetition come to make a study of god of his word and of his wishes with respect to testimony man someone has said god speaks to alliteration usandus and aheahenwhen nwwhen we read the bible and we speak to himliim when we pray repetition all men should be praying men should devote themselves not alone to kneeling in prayer but engaging in prayer wherever and whatever theyetheyre doing repetition that they may keep contact with the alliteration spirit of the divine that villwillwiliililii lead them into aana an investigation of the explana- meaning of life that will lead them tion into inquiring into what the great men of the past have thought and said 165

and rittenwrittenvj that will help them to understand why theyre here and where repetition theyetheyre going as well as where they came from so that the first and most important study for any of us is the study of man well you catcant understand man without knowing something about anatomy and chemistry and physics and all the other things which men are interested in as of today I1 would suggest then to this fine group that are assembled and I1 wish I1 could see them I1 think I1 might get a little more inspiration from the audience if I1 could see thenthem but simply alliteration talking to you on the telephone I1 would power say seek out of the vast volume of vital material that has been published seek repetition explantexplana the best that can be had there are alliter- tion ation 4tooilooaloo many of the books that sell readily and appeal to the lowest level of intelligence the mediocre taste of the day in our searching for books to be read we should not be moved by the desire for

axaamaamuamusementsement excitement or diversion this country is flooded with worthless reality books magazines and newspapers which 166

excite for the day and are forgotforgottentenyteng while thousands of good books remain comparison unsold and unread ilekleviewe 1ivelvelivelive in a sense eelmeimelmetaphorabhoraphor in the back alleys and sometimes eat alliteration almost out of garbage cans there are they are an unmitigated curse to huma- nity

As fielding said power we are as liable to vital testimony be corrupt corrupted alliter-lteriter by the books of we read ation as by the companions we have great and worth- while books are prime necessities for complete happiness they are the daily bread of the soul metonymy the best friends a man can have and the best consumers of our literature in great books we findfind the company of the noble and the great and in their company can repetition find the answer to our questions which answers will enrich us vithwith their wisdom they teach us the best way of living and the noblest way of thinthinkingkinat I1 think ive wandered rather a lot what ive said has been largely exten foraneousporaneous batbut I1 would like to leave lithnithrithwith the group where youre standing now and before whom I1 wish I1 was standing

sentiments I1L would like to leave with them a blessing and pray that god will bless these adult vital 167

students that they waymay give them- sselveslvesivesalves to a study of the meaning of life a study of the meaning of rannanman and his relationship to god I1 pray that sentiments god will bless this group of fathers vital and mothers husbands and wives and their children and chicUlchildrenculdrensdrens children repetition cri alliter- that they may live up tobo the great ation testimony challenge of the lord seek ye wisdom self pres out of the best books and remember al- alliter- vationervationerservation ation testimony ways nannaxmanmax is saved no faster than he power gains knowledge the glory of god is intelligence and mansman glory whatever it may be will be determined by the intelligence which he acquires sentiments thereby becoming more like god may he help and guide us in our search for truth thank you very much interpretation AND evaluationEVAWATION OF FOURTH SPEECH

CONTINUMCONTINUED LEARNINGILEARKING KEY TO PROGRESS

this speech is different from the other four in this study for the following reasons first it consisted of a series of prearranged questions and answers and secondly president bronbrown spoke by telephone to an unseen audience of approximately hoo40000 students there were 3180 words in thithlthis speech the average sentence length was 2119 words per sentence the sigrasignificantficantficano impelling motives used were power and sentiments this speech is conspicuous because of its lack of humor and factual or hypotheticalotheticalothetical illustration president brobrohnbrowntn relied mainly on explanation sdecificspecific instance and tostintestimtestimonyon to support his coneoncontentionscontenuionskenzlengionslons

1 of the thirteen cacailemorieslegoriescategories1legoriesgorles under figures of speech only four antithesis climax repetition and metometonyriiy were used significantly this speech was well organized hithwith the helheiheioheidhelohelpheipo of adequate transitional statements the speech generally proceeded smoothly from one topic to another although the language and organization was good I1 believe the

overall effectiveness wastas hindered by the lack of an interesting vocal presentation this criticism irillwill be discussed in greater detail under factors of intelintelligibilityligibilitylegibility and flexibility there was some unnecessary repetition which tended to hinder the progress of smooth communication this repetition was caused usually by the fact that parts of some questions were answered prior to the questions and then

168 169 the answers were repeated after the questions were asked

LIPENGBIPELUNG MOTIVES the dodominantant impelling motives in this speech include lowerypower 1179 words 371 per cent of this speech and sentiments 51571 words 180 per cent power is heavily stressed in this sleechsdeechspeech president broinbrown in

discussing education advocates becombecominging impressed withdeithveith ideas 9 p 150 keeping up athmthwith current events p 152 gaining as much knowledge as Dosnosdossiblepossiblesiblesibie p153 being familiar irithwith the standard works of the mormon church p 154 reading about the lives of great men p 160 and understanding mans relationship to godpgodaoodgod p 162 in using the impelling motive of sentiments president brown challenges his audiences to become impressed by ideas to continue

to read and think about ihlathiattalatwhat theyetheyve read to be aware of current

events to have an understandingC of as nanmannanymanyy subjects as possible and to know one subject well enough to teach it to others

VERBAL supporting MATERIAL

the dominant verbal supporting material was explanation a 95945 iiordswords 29729.7 per cent testimonyIesiestipitipi 488 words 15615615.61506 per cent and sspecificificidic instance 347 words 109 perpe cent of the total words while the percentage of the usage of explanation is not ex-

cessivecessive 9 the explanation becomes slightlyC borinboring9 because of the sparsity of other verbal supporting materials ssuch as factual or hhypotheticalotheticalothetical illustrations and eoncomeomDarisoncomparison the majority of the testintestimtestimonyicytomtoy was taken from scriptures gutterman alalthoughthouhshouhU quotes from john F kennedy and leon are included 170

the folfoifollowingloTring are examples of specific instance taken from this speech 1 it is a book of faith a book of morals a book of religion 0 0 become familiar irithwith classics with shakespeare and miltonmllton and tennyson and Vwords- worth they employ figures of speech such as sinalesrAlessiraleshiralessimiles metaphors hyperboleshyperboles and others no other verbal supporting material was utilisedutilizedutili7ed to any significant degree

FACTORS OF ATTENTION

over half of this speech was directly vital 1923 words 60560.5 per cent to president brobnobrownsmls unseen audience strictly interpreted the total speech used vital as its main factor of attention however

familiafamiliarity broadly interpreted iinasirasrasnaswas used almost wholly throughout the swechspeech specific and direct instances of familifamiliarity comprised 369 words 116 per cent of the total word count no other factors of attention were used in any appreciable quantity

FIGURES OF SPEECH

the domadominantnant figures of speech were those of climax 182 words

57 per cent repetition igiigl161 words 51 perP cent antithesis 788 words 25 per cent and netonmetonmetonymy 25 words 8 perpercentcent the folloifollonfollowingjingring is a good example of a eilleilaclimclimaxx in this speech the degree of our intintelligenceuellicence in business professionprofecsionproforsioli home life family life social affairs

L and civic lifeilfe in fact I1 our relirellreilreligiousbous4ous personal philosophy is largely deterdeterminedirinedimined by our education some examples of antithesis include and it does not end in fact it does not even beobepbepinbeginin sometimes in college if we would find joy in sorrow strength in weakness light in darkness 0 0

171

metonyametonymmetonyriiy is shown in the following examples push back the horizons of our knowledge sea of books 0 consult gods chart

FACTORS OF bftelligibilityditelizgibility arldaridaroATOATID flexibility

the telephone appeared too slightly muffle president bro-brownsoms voice however the pronunciation was clear and easily understood usually his words flowed quite easily however there were fifteen errors of

articulation or unnecessary repetition the folloirlngfollowingC are a few examples of the difficulties encountered in the speech Therthereforethereforoeforo we kistmistmust secleseclu select from ihwhatat is current a 0 0 phrases of the bible are worn into the fabric of our national woven into the fabric of our national life louring dodomidownmi 1knowledge from heaven upon the edsdsheadss heads of the latter day saints f theres no more profitable reading than be biography I1 believe these mistakes were due largely because of the fact that mr drombrombrowndrown was having dental work done and did not have visual 67n contact plithiivithwithv his naudiaudienceence TI1 believe this speech would have been given atab a slower rate ilithrithilithirithwith more effective pausing and ephasisemphasisri if the aboveabovementionedmentionmentioned difficulties had not been presented his rate of speaking appeared to be more rapid in this speech than in the others included in this study it did not give his audience the time to think about what he said kirpirmr broinbraimbroimbrojn almost sounsoundeddd as if he were rapidly reading a large part of his answers from a manuscript in this speech as in the others analyzed president brown

uses the 12auspausee to break sinclesinqlesingleC sentencesentences into several phrases

67seesee crockett p 8 of this study 12122172 however generally his pauses are not prolonged this is also true in regards to the duration of sounds within his words and syllables used there are no noticeable litchsitchaitchpitch chanehanchanges or vocal climaxes president broibrolbrownsn ilslys volume was Cgoodood and his voice was very forceful however I1 believe the rate at which he spoke coupled with too nuehmuchmueh explanation without sufficient interesting verbal supporting material and factors of attention hurt the effectiveness of tho total speech SPEECH FIVE

FATHER11fathepr ARE YOU TWRETHSRE

AN ADDRESS GIVEN TO THE BRIGHAM YOUNG university EIGHT STAKE FIRESIDE AT THE GEORGE ALBERT shiisnitsmitsnithSMITHTH FIELD HOUSE

PRESIDENT HUGH B BROWN counselor in the first presidency the church of jesus christ of latter day saints october 8 1961967

my dear fellow workers this is at activity once a frightening and an inspiring situation to be in standing before what is statistics estimated as about twelve thousand students its humbling it makes one realize how dependent he really is for guidance and humbly to seek that guid- repetition ance ive appreciated very nuchmuch the comparison singing of this wonderful chorus its amazing to me as I1 travel around the church to see how many fine choruses we have in all parts of the church and ieivelveivo beenbeon in almost all of the stakes batbut I1 think nothing finer can be or has been given than these numbers tonight by this chorus course I1 dotdont profess to alliteration be much of a judge of music I1 fear I1

173 14174

H illus- may be a little like couple of fellows activity trationtration humor who were sitting in the bandstand the climax band was playing each wanted to impress the other with his knowledge of music and one said do you know what the bandsband playing he said why yes thats tannhauser 11 no it isnt its the second movement of chopin 11 the mallmailmanmaji familiarity said well illiii go down and find out he went down toward the bandstand came back shortly said no were both wrong that was the refrain from spit- ting I1 I1 saw it on the sign out there Is laughter cough explana- theres only one justification for humor tion telling a story like that on an occasion like this and that is the speaker needs a little tranquilizertranquil zer laughter and to have you respond by laughter helps in a sedative way to get ones bearings

H illus- I1 was amused at a recent dinner activity trationtration that was given by someone in the hotel familiarity humor utah I1 think monday and uh one of climax the general authorities was telling how while he was visiting one of the stakes alliteration stayed at the home of the stake president a large family and in that family 175

as in many LDS families they had the habit of taking turns in offering the evening prayer on this particaparticuparticular1araar occasion the young girl three years old was praying and she prayed for the bishop and the stake president and the general authorities and for president mckay who familiarity stands on his head in the church laughter cough how easily we can be misled humor hyperbole laughter when sonsomsomeoneeone tells us something that we dotdont quite understand explana- laughter cough I1 do not intend to tion attempt to give an rero oration tonight id like merely to talk about this and alliteration that with you as it is a fireside ldid like to be free to depart from any text that my introductory remarks may indicate and just talk about various things as they may present themselves to our minds sniff sentiments As we as students approach life we of course feel humble at times we indicate that weewere not very humble but reputation lmim sure as a general rule the young people of the churchc1hurch are humble humble in the sense that they seek divine guid repetition 176 ance and I1 know they try to live so as to warrant an answer to their prayers im thinking now in ternsterms of what we were sonesome of us nearly a hundred years ago and others of us barely eighteen or twenty years ago but allaliail of us at oneona time were little children we canecame into this world familiarity rather helpless the encircling arms of our mothers werewore the only protection we

had and the only thing we knew was her loveiove A little later she put us in the crib and there too the pr the precau- tions had been taken against any acci- alliter- ation dent that nightmight occur to us herewere protected and guarded A little later were out of the crib and in the room crawling alliteration on the floor hothernothermother ever near to protect us and then we find thereretherecetherere other rooms in the househousa and we do a little exploring sometimes to the discouraging attitudes of our mothers but later on werewerawara permitted to go out in the yard and there too thereretherecetherere hedges and fences to restrict and restrain and protect us alliteration and then later we learned to read and alliteration to write someone helped us across the road we went to church and school and 177

from there we found that there were other towns than our own and we ventwent to larger cities on visits from there perhaps across the ocean to other foreign countries and perhaps some of us might have had an opportunity to fly and some of you may have an opportunity to get into outer space reputation and so your your conduct so far specific instance has been measured very largely by a process of pushing back your horizons metonymy climaxclimaxp making inquiries investigations alliteration wondering learning studying and that has been the process H illus now life is very much like a simile trationtraarationtion journey those of you who live in provo or those of you who are visiting here have undoubtedly sometime or other wanted to go to either new york or san francisco in a car perchance you have been offered a big reward if youd arrive there and with high ambition youeyouve selfseif pres started on the journey first you took metaphor vationervationerservation the occasion to seek out someone whod been over the road youd take advice from those who know the way you study ros road maps and familiarize yourselves 18178

with what perhaps may lie ahead in other words you prepare for the jouyoujourneymey and on the journey you find there are road signs there are ilashingflashing signs indicating sometimes danger soft shoul- alliter- ation ders sometimes perhaps road out of com-

mission or a bridge out and whbihvrh you heed those warning signs we hope ya do and if you do not you will find that there are rules and regulations all the alliteration way through liflifeilfee with warning signs to help us to avoid danger selfseif pres now im1 wondering if you folks you vationervationerservation young men and women who are here tonight are aware of the fact that a plan was familiarity climax laid out for you before you came her a repetition plan devised by the greatest of all beings your heavenly fatherafather a plan which had in its in its iunJuntentionintention your development your growth and that plan is founded on 8xtlana law observance to law must become a rule tion in your life ralyany rebellion against0 law is an evidence of mindednessweakmindednessweak any observance of law brillingcallingwrilling obobservanceervandervanc repetition alliter- is evidence of a willingness to be led ation and guided and protected as we were as little children 179 selfseif pres if you started from here to brovprov metaphor vationervationerservation climax comparison to new york in a car you perhaps nightmight H illus- trationtration have had some trouble in denver shall we say perhaps theres a blowout

other dandangerous9 erous thingsC might happen and you wonder whether you are going to make it you might get discouraged and give tipuipulpup and quit the road and come back home if you do youre foolish because theres a reward waiting at the other end what you really will do is make amends repairs buy extra parts leamlearn somsometilingetungecung about the car youre driving and then carry on explantexplana now in this battle of life the car metaphor tion comparison in which you travel is your own body and you shoushouldshouldad1d leamlearn all you can about it and then keep it in good order and youllyouil find there are very definite rules and regulations governing human repetition alliter- conduct im wondering if in all of ation our experiences in liflifeilfee we do not need constantly the protective influences of those who love us we said a moment ago our mothers were guarding us protecting alliteration us guiding us helping us cross the road but bradugradugraduallyy this parental care 180

and concern is withdrawwithdrawn measurably and were given more freedom to do as we will and we go from place to place with con- hulterbulteralliter- ation sidsiderableerable freedom and yet were always aware of the fact that our freedom is alliteration limited by our conduct obedience to law is liberty and we leamlearn that as we alliteration go forward explana- now on this journey of life youre metonymy tion vital not headed for new york or san francisco power youre headed for immortality eternal life and eternal increase and when I1 explana- mention eternal increase im referring tion not only to increase of posterity but repetition to increase of knowledge and the power that comes with knowledge when its set on fire im referring to the increase repetition of unfolding knowledge the increase of metonymy wisdom which is a proper use of knowledge the increase of intelligence which is the glory of god and irillulliuliiwill be Aalliter-ter ation the glory of man and the measuring rod repetition by which it may be determined where hes going sentiments I1 think every young person should decide rather early in life where he wants repetition alliter- to go what he wants to be and what hes ation 181

willingmilling0 to pay to achieve the ends and in paying there is involved some self Aalliter- ation sacrifice a lot of self discipline

man woman and if a youngC or a YOyoungung loses control of themselves in the folly repetition of association with others and if they lose the discipline which keeps them on the trackbrack theyre liable to lose all metonymy I1 would mention then as one of the vital definite controlling factors of all life specific self discipline that which a man uses instance when he is tertemptedapted by someone or som- alliter- ation ething to do something or say something repetition that he knows he ought not to do or say power and when he gets the courage and the stamina to say no and mean it then he can take charge of his life and go

forfoxforwardtardaardtandiard sentiments I1 think it very important that we understand the meaning of self discipline liin the anarnyamnyanayarmyay I1 learned a little about discipline not very nuchmuchimich but a little humor laughter I1 learned enough to know that reality if I1 was told to do a thinathing I1idid better do it and a number of you have learned the same thing in the army Thertheretoere good things in the army as well as some 182

things that are not so good but discipline is one of the things that I1 appreciate in my military experience incidentally the introduction alliter-iterlter ation indicated that I1 had been in many different activities slliffjiffsniff at different times I1 think that would indicate to most of you that I1 must be bout a humor hyperbole hundred and ten years old laughter I1 think im very near that laughter but a little a little time is left I1 think for some of us power I1 think one of the first things that every young person should do is attempt to get acquainted rithwithlithnith god and I1 mean that in a very literal sense repetition I1 mean it in the sense that hes able to go to him and obtain the kind of help alliteration F illus- that he needs I1 remember when I1 was trationtration quite a ladiad and thats remembering a long way backiback I1 remember my mother activity said to me when I1 went to go on my

rnossionmission in nineteen four and thats humor hyperbole before some of you were bomborn laugh ter she said my boy youre going 1 1 a long ways away from me now do you

remember she said that when you werelerex ere alliteration 183

a little lad you used to have bad dreams and get frightened she said your bedroom was just off mine and frequently youd cry out in the night and say mother are you there and id answer yes my boy im herehera everythingseverythings all right turn over and go to sleep and she said you always did knowing that I1 was there gave you courage

inownow 11 she said youll be about 6000 miles away and though you may cry out for me I1 cannot answer you she added this there is one who can and alliteration if you calleailc to him hell hear you when you call hell respond to your appeal and youll just say father are you there and yo therentherell come into your alliteration heart a comfort a solace such as you knew as a boy when I1 answered you I1 want to say to you young people alliteration that many times since then in many and varying conditions I1 have cried out specific father are you there I1 made that instance plea when in the mission field we were familiarity mobbed almost every night were driven from place to place we were beaten expelled from cities threatened our 184

lives threatened and every time before I1 went out in those meetings cough I1idid say father are you there and though climax I1 didnt hear a voice and I1 didnt see his person I1 want to tell you young people he replied to me with the comfort and assurance a testimony of his presence it made me unafraid and vithwithveith that presence I1 am grateful to say we did not suffer muchrauch I1 think it important that we get acquainted with him I1 vonderwonder if I1 should tell a story sometimes ive humor r ij ia been accused of doing that cough comparison laughter I1 cant help it just like simile climax

i y tletl1 a man having fits laughter when a L ir iii man has fits is going to have one he alliteration feelsfeels it coming on he has it laughter ehenwhen I1 feelfeel a story coming on the only possible thing for me to do is to tell it laughter this story has to do with an experience of rhymyray om F illus- it has been indicated as I1 was actiaatiactivityt trationtration cilcliclimaxaxnx asked to come dorndoandoidojndovm from canada at a time when I1 was drilling oil wells at a time when I1 thought I1 was almost a millionaire a time when it looked like nothing could repetition i

185

save us from becoming millionaires laughter I1 didnt want to be saved humor a 1 J icaicf 7 jr laughter and yet 1 had at time A r c jr ft c I that a r it1 f F illus I1 had a sort of feeling that I1 wanted conconflictet trationtraarationtion to know whether it was right for me to pursue the course I1 was taking I1 awoke one morning about 3 oclock in the morn- hyperbole repetition ing mornings come early up there in summertime I1 was in a little cot cottage cough up in the canadian rock- alliter- ation ies I1 was worried and bothered I1 got out of my bed dressed and went up into the mountains far back in the hillsbhillsqhills comparison remembering that the savior often went familiarity to the mountains for his communications with his father F illus unen I1 got up in the mountain on trationtraarationtion top of a neakdoaknoakpeak I1 was all alone I1 re- moved my hat and in loud voice I1 said oh god are you there you know that im about to be a millionaire or think I1 am father if this is not to be good conflict repetition for me or my family dondontI1 t allow it to happen if its going to rob my family of their faith dont allow it to happen 11 I1 talked to him as a man would talk to

another niannanmianman I1 didnt seem to get an 186

answer I1 stayed up there for some time young people its a comforting thing to talk to god F lilus I1 drove that evening back to leth trationtraarationtion back to edmonton hundred and seventy miles I1 think and upon arriving I1 said to sister brown 1I think ill not want any supper tonight I1 think I1illiiiI1 U go in the back bedroom and sleep youd better alliteration stay in the other room because I1 fear imiai1 going to have a wakeful night I1 went into that bedroom closed conflict suspense the door and I1 was conscious of a blackness such as I1 had never known there was something in that room that made me feel very sincerely that id like to be rubbed out idI1 like to cease to be I1 didnt intend or think of suicide but I1 did think seriously if theres any way that I1 could be washed out that would be the best thing could happen to alliteration me

F illuslilus I1 spent the night in that attitude A ter trationarationtration atlon in that aura of awful blackness early

in the morning sister brobrownvin came in heard me walking the floor when she closed the door she said my goodness 187

my dear I1 whats in this room I1 said the devil is in this room conflict alliter- and hes trying to destroy me ation F illus together we knelt at the bedside trationarationtration and prayed for guidance and deliverance we didnt seem to get it next morning I1 went domdowndomn to my ofofficefice in the city it was saturday I1 knew there wowouldli ld be no one there and wanted to be alone I1 knelt by my cotcou and pleaded to god for divgiv deliverance for that awful blackness was still on my soul and it seemed alliteration to inelneme the sun came up I1 obtained peace of soul serenity of spirit and I1 phoned alliteration sister brown and told her everythingsEverythings all right I1 dont know whats happened but its all right 11 F I1 s and that night I1 was taking a activity trationtraarationtion humor bath I1 told you it was saturday night hyperbole r v laughter cough and we observe oofbofaoe f 3 v i saturday night up in canada sniff r 4 laughter I1 was having a babathth laugh- repetition e 1 YXO L 0 ter the difference between a bath and climax a bath laughter a babathth is what an englishman takes once a week a bath is what an american takes every day laugh lv 188

1 t- ter cough I1 was taking a babathth A n tj gulOULguu w laughter cough I1 c c A telephone rang sister brown caineeanacajoeeamacame suspense rr r to the door and said salt lake is calling

F illus- I1 said iho1114ho in the dickens wants trationtration to talk to me at this time of night it was ten thirty I1 went to the phone alliteration 11 f I1 saidasaid9saidsald hello ll laughter 1 had thTA f if I y A i accyehlehr ccyJ J s- o i known what itrasinasirasrasnasvaswas going to happen I1 think fihumor0r hyperbole I1 would have reversed that salutation 71

explana- laughter I1 can selse I1 can see thatthabthau Y j j tion sei ive got to stop telling stories be- alliter- ation cause laughterslaughterc3ca you folks are so re- j r sponsivesponsive well be here all night laughter and when I1 said hello

laughter I1 heard a voice laughter A

1 i i the voice said this is david 0 mckay familiarityaludirudiarity calling

F illus- I1 said yes president mckay 11 trationtrationteon the lord wants you tobo give the balance of your life to the church this is the ciosclosclosirigirig session of confer- AIIJa31iterter atlon ence tomorrow can you get here in tiretime for the afternoon session I1 told him I1 couldntcouldn1 as there were no planes flying 189

he saidysaidsald corteconecomiecomtecome as soon as you can alliteration you iaiowqknow I1 didtdidnt think to ask him what there was in it thats what I1 would do in an ordinary business deal explantexplanaExplanapiana but I1 hung up and that night this was tion the night following the night of blackness in our livesilves sister brombronnbrown and I1 spent another wakeful night batbut it was repetition a night of bliss not that we were looking for position but to think that the god of heaven would reach out twelve synecdoche hundred miles and touch a man on the shoulder and say come to think that I1 ulliteralliter- ation would be that man was almost more than I1 could understand I1 told the president when I1 came doldoidownm 30 days later about this experience and as far as I1 know everyevery mnanmanw thlthaahtthttl called into the general authorities has to wrestle with the devil you have to metonymy have a lot of courage if you come off victorious sniff pres selfseif do I1 know god lives do I1 know repetition vationervationerservation the devil lives I1 vantwant to tell you conflict young people theres a constant war

between the ttwoatovto and the war is over you and your soul the adversary would 190

take you and destroy you if god would specific permit it he has many devices many repetition instance means of attack many avenues of alliteration approach and you must be on guard explana- young people throughout the world vital tion today theres a situation unlike anything thats ever happened in the world and the situation is affecting the young people of the world and some young people on the university campuses are taking part in activities that are not only deplorable but theyre degrading now Alliter atlon I1 want to say to you young people of reputation byu9BYUbyul the eyes of the whole church synecdoche reality

are upon you expecting13 you to stand firm to have faith and fortitude and alliteration courage and keep yourselves absolutely clean from the center of your heart to synecdoche the ends of your fingers and toes that sentiments is the challenge I1 issue to you tonight beware of the approaches of the adver- alliter- ation sary and know always that god stands ready to help you can call on him and alliteration he will help explana- now youre going to make some rerealityty tion rinninnlnstakesmistakes youre going to do wrong things allailali of you all of us but the 191

lord has been good enough to make pro-

vision for us so that vreviewe can be forgiven of our sins I1 thought I1idid like to read you just a word or two about forgiveness H illus- you know the devil is very cunning in familiarity trationtration his approach and when a boy or girl has done something wrong he whispers metonymy in their ears now you have committed an unpardonable sin theres no hope for you thn the future and he tells them that they might as well go on sinning because they have taken the alliteration first step and theres no turning back explana- I1 want to say to you my youngyonng friends tion that is a lie from the champion of all sentiments liars god wants you to be forgiven he wants you to change your course he alliteration wants you to call for help and he stands ready and willing to help I1 trust that every man and woman here tonight will take courage in the fact that god is real and hes as close to you as youll let him be I1 shall not be able to turn to the page I1 had in mind in fact im disregarding all the notes I1 took sniff but theres one scripture 192

that I1 remember the lord said in the specific doctrine and covenants that he had instance could not take any cognizance of alliteration wrong doing or of sin batbut he said if the sinner will repent I1 will forgive him

self pres I1 wanted to leave that v-ord of vationervationerservation encouragmentencouragement for every one of us needs to have that forgiveness I1 pray that you may need it less and less as you go forward I1 pray that we may be able as young people and older ones to so order our lives that we may keep in touch with the master keep in touch

withveith the shepherd keep in touch with metonymy our heavenly father specific now you know that palm trees do instance not grow from acorns only oaks come familiarity explana- from acorns and the reason is that reality tion somehow oaks are involved in acorns and that which is involved can evolve now young people god is your father vital familiarity in a very real and genuine sense heshe your father and therefore he is involved power in you and if you will conduct yourselves properly you may evolve into something like him but again I1 say if 193

we yield to the temptation to do what

we ought not to do and continue to yield then we vail not develop and grow and un- fold into our possibilities that which is involved can evolve and god is in- repetition alliter- volved in you I1 pray you resolve tonight ation that youre going to evolve into something like that from which you came I1 said itisI1 s a great thing to know the shedherdshepherd sometime ago heres Metonmetonymyyv another storystory coming on laughter F illuslilus sometime ago a great actor in the city humor trationarationtration of new york he gave a wonderful per- familiarity forformancemance there was thunderous applause at the end of the performance and some man in the audience thought theydthey like to hear this man read and he rose and said sir would alliteration you read for us the 23rd psalm 11 then the actor being a great repetition speaker great elocutionist said why yes I1 know the words of the 23rd

psalm 11 and as such a man woaldwould read

helieilehie did read that wonderful psalm and when he finished again there was alliter-ter ation thunderous applause but the man arose and signaled for 194

silence and said 1I appreciate your response batbut theres a man sitting down here whom I1 happen to know hehesresI1 s an elderly man I1idid like for your benefit to have him comec ome and really read the 23rd psalm the old man of course was frightened but he yielded to the invitation staggered to the stand and read as only alliteration such a man could read the 23rd psalm in quavering voice he said testimony the lord is my shepherd metaphor I1 shall not want he makethmabeth me to lie down in green pastures leadeth me beside the still waters he restorethrestoreth my soul he leadeth me in the paths of righteousness for his names sake yea though I1 walk through the valley of the shadow of metonymy death I1 shall fear no evil thy rod and thy staff they metaphor comfort me thou preparestpreparest a table metaphor before me in the presence of nine enemies thou anointestanointest my head lithhithvithwith oil my cup runneth over surely goodness and mercy shall follow me all the days of my lifeilfee and I1 will dwell in thelifhouse of the lord for metonymy ever and he sat down and there was silence there were many wiping their eyes and the great actor arose and climax said ladies and gentlemen as I1 told 195

you I1 know the words of the 23rd psalm

batbut his man knows the shepherdshephard 11 oh metonymy what a difference affections I1 pray you get acquainted with rinrimhimidin vital be true to him and thereby true to your parents who love you so much some of you are freshmen first time away fronfrom proximityproxjmitypro daltydmlty home theretheres not a day passes but vital alliter- what your parents connect your name ation with the name of odlodiodzod remember that and sentiments be worthy of their trust be unaffected by any association thatthall you may have by those who have as they say becolabeconabecoriebecorlecorie some alliteration anavnawhau t sophisticated be unafraid to be yourself and to be your better self I1 repetition think isits a very good thing for every man to examine himself occasionally stand himself up against the wall and look himself over sniff and say to him specific youre an elder a high priest a instance seventy or whatever what kind of man are you and then answer remember climax youre talking to yourself mdand you cant deceive the man youre talking to nor can you deceive god examine yourself repetition your selfish self your greedy self your amorous self and then try and find 196

that inter inner self which lightethlighteth every man that methincomethinco into the world I1 pray that bodillgodillgodtgodr 11 help us that as we examine ourselves we may be un- alliter- ation ashamed and unafraid theres one awful thing thats happening in this world of ours today and im indebted to truman madsen for familiarity what id like to read if I1 may having to do vithwith the use of drugs some may think it unnecessary to mention that here and yet I1 happen to know that it is making its inroads and as I1 said selfseif pres the adversarys doing everything in his conflict vationervationerservation power to get control of the minds and hearts and souls of men and he wants the young people because you are the future leaders of the church and of the world and if he can defeat you hes won a great victory many years ago the great american specific psychologist william janesjames allail of you familiarity instance reality students have heard of him performed an experiment on himself lacking as he believed any solid religious experience he set out to induce some artificially by taking nitro oxide known as laughing 197 gas he came to have a series of unu-

sual fantasies later he wrote a book and titled it the veritiesverifiesVerities of religious familiarity experiences james began and ended with a scientific curiosity may I1 add in statistics parenthesis there are seventy five reality thousand addicts in new york who every day must have their drugs and provi- sions being made to meet their necessity alliteration comparison the nitrous oxide that james used is comparatively harmless but many of antithesis todays drugs are lethal james saw climax his trial as artificial superficial but in no way beneficial I1 think thats a great testament coming from alliteration that type of man many today both among the impo- antithesis verished and the elite profess to have been had all forms of religious experience while they were under the influence of drugs for the liflifeilfee of nmee I1 cannot understand how any sane man or omanwomanvonan self pres could presume that to deaden their vationervationerservation natural god given senses would enable them to have a religious experience power the ecstasy of religious experience comes from a clean soul and only as we 198

clean up our lives and avoid the doidoldoiidolidowndowndragi drag alliteration of drugs and other forms of deadening of the human intellect and soul are we going to be successful in what we undertake to do id like to call your attention to what happens to a man in this church when familiarity hes converted to the truth I1 hope F illus- youre all converts I1 was in a meeting humor trationtration not long ago and I1 asked how many were converts probably 50 perpe cent raised their hands I1 said 1I advise the rest

of you to get converted 11 laughter sentiments you need to become converts and id climax like to say this in passing that in the years that have passed and they are many I1 have continued to be a convert to the church of jesus christ of latter day saints and for that I1 thank god hes been good to me in that he has headed memo off when I1 would

have gone my own way he has known better than I1 knew what was good for me and he has been willing gracious enough to make provision for the things that he could see and I1 couldnt would happen to me unless he took a part and repetition 199

he took it for this I1 am extremely grateful I1 said ive had contact with him sniff I1 dontdong know if this clocks humor right or not you dont know what it says anyanywayaayiay laughter I1 can feel another story cough laughter in F illus- nineteen four I1 went to england on a trationtration mission president grant sent me down activity familiarity to nortanorwichch norwichnor wlchwich to you and when reality I1 got into norwich the president dis- trict sic sent me downdoorn to cambridge he said 1I want you to go with elder dodownsvms 11 he was a man 455 years old I1 wasvas 21 he said elder downs milmiiwill leave the morning after you get there for france because his missionmissions completed theres not another lattelatter day saint within 120 miles of Ccjnbridgetmbridoe so youll be alone he said you rightnightmight be hurrurrumhumorrumoror climax interested to know brother aaobrowno vm that uvicuvidlvlcLv Lc r a the last mormon elder that was in cacam-ra

bridge irastrasinaswas driven out by a mob aat11 the point of a gun and was told the next mormon elder that steppedstopped inside the city limits woulawould be shot on sight A Iaughterlaughterdaughter he said 1I thothoughtuht youd tiudiuhumornormor 200

be glad to know that laughter explantexplana I1 wasnt glad to know it batbut I1 humor tion J thought it was well that I1 did know it laughter sniff F illusilius we went down to norainorwi to cam- reality trationtraarationtion bridge great signs all over the city alliteration theyd heard we were coming they had signs indicating their antipathy that was their method of welcoming us one big sign at the railway station was a large man with a long beard a woman lying at his feet vithwith her head on a block underneath it said will you go into polygamy or wont you that was the reception we received alliteration well elder downs left the next morning after telling neme how to fix my tracts and I1 went out as sic familiarity friday morningmoinning I1 tractedbracted all morning without any response except a slammed door in my face I1 tractedbracted all afternoon with the same response and I1 came home pretty well discouraged but decided id tract saturday morning although it wasnt required and I1 went our and traded all morning and the repetition same result I1 came home dejected and 201

dovmhearteddownhearted and I1 thought I1 ought to go homehomo I1 thought the lord had made alliteration a mistake in sending rderaeroe to cambridge I1 was sitting by that little humor alleged fire they have in england laughter with a big granddaddy clock at the side of the so called fire laughter I1 was feeling sorry for myself and I1 heard a knock at the front door the lady of the house answered the door I1 heard a voice say Is there an elder brown lives here I1 thought 110hoh oh confconflictlictlica humor here 11 it is laughter ea 11

11 she said why yes in the i r hes 1 fc

2 vl front room come in please 1

& came he are you he in said 1 4 elder brown y I1 was not surprised that he was antithesis repetition surprised I1 said yes sir 11 F illusilius he said did you leave tusthis tract trationtraarationtion at my door

well my name and address was on humor

it laughter though Is atten 17 r attempting at that time to get ready to practice law I1 didtdidnt know how to answer it laughter I1 said yes sir I1 did h-

202

he said last sunday there were 17I1 of us heads of families lefleftt the church of england we went to my home where I1 have a large room each of us has a large family and we filled the large room with men women and children we decided that wewedid pray all through thetho week that the lord would send us a new chapachap a new pastor when I1 came home tonight I1 was discouraged I1 thought our prayer had not been answered but when I1 found this tract under my door I1 knew the lord had answered our prayer will you come tomorrow night and be our

new pastor 11 now I1 hadnt been sniff in the humor mission field three days laughter I1 didnt know anything about missionary work and he wanted mema to be his pastor but I1 was reckless enough to say yes ill come laughter and I1 repented from then tiitilitil the time of the meeting laughter

took my appetite with him humor e left hyperbole laughter cough I1 called in the lady f of the house and told her I1 didnt want any tea I1 went up to my room and irony climax 203

prepared for bed I1 knelt at my bed my young brothers and sister for the first time in my life I1 talked with god I1 told him of my predicament I1 conflict pleaded for his help I1 asked him to guide me I1 pleaded that hehedid take it off off my hands I1 got up and went to bed andaridarld couldncouldntcouldenI1 t sleep and got out F illus and prayed again and kept that up allali trationtraarationtion night but I1 really talked mthwith god the next morning I1 told the lady conflict landlady I1 diandidndidntit want breakfast and I1 went up among theonthe on the campus of cambridge I1 walked all morning and came in at noon to tell her I1 didnt want any lunch and I1 walked all afternoon I1 had a short circuited metonymy mindallnindmind allaliail that I1 could think of was I1ivelveI1 ve got to go down there tonight and be a pastor

I1 came back to my room bout six conflict oclock andarldarid I1 sat there meditating worrying wondering let me in paren- humor Aalliter- thesis tell you that since that time ation ive had the experience of sitting be- A r side a man who was condemned to die the t c next morning andaridbridanid as I1 sat and watched r 204

his emotions I1 was reminded of how I1 felt that night laughter I1 think I1 humor felt just as bad as he did the execu- 1 tion time was drawing near finally it came to the point where the clock said personification fifafiffifteenteen minutes to seven and I1 got up and put on my long prince albert coat my stiff hat which I1 had acquired in norwich took rwmy walking cane which

we always carried in those days my kid gloves put a bible under my arm and dragged myself down to that laugh- humor ter building literally I1 just made metonymy erbolearboleerbole way one track all the laughter a faf just as I1 got to the gate the man canecame out the man ldid seen the night before he bowed very politely and said come in reverend sir 11 id humor va never been called that before laughter batbut I1 went in and I1 saw the room suspense alliter- was filled with people and they all ation stood up to honor their new pastor and that scared me to death laughter humor M illus then I1 had come to the point where trationarationtration I1 began to think what I1 had to do and humor I1 realized I1 had to say something about alliter-iterlter ation singing and I1 suggested we sing tto110igo0 205 my father laughter well I1 was met familiarity humor r we sang UL J with a blank stare laughter HC it it was a terrible solo laughter humarrumar cowboy solo and then I1 thought if I1 could get these people to turn around and kneel by their chairs they wouldnt be looking at me while I1 prayed laughter and I1 asked them if they would and they responded readily and they all alliteration knelt down and I1 knelt down and for the second time in my life I1 talked with god all fear left me I1 didtdidnt worry any more I1 was turning it over to himmin and I1 said to him among other

things I1 remember fatherfail1her in heaven these folks have left the church of england theyetheyve come here tonight to hear the truth you know that im1 not prepared to give them what they want batbut thou art 0 god the one that can and if I1 can be an instrument through whom you speak vextvery well batbut please humor take over laughter when I1 arose most of them were alliteration weeping as was I1 wisely I1 dispensed with the second hymn laughter and I1 humor afaufaudarfa ccnccocan cn started to talk I1 talked 45 minutes c i

A ca c11 7 h j t 206206

been long now ive talking that laugh- humor i U u ter I1 dont know what I1 said I1 141 4 didnt talktaik god spoke through me as alliteration subsequent events proved and he spoke so powerfully to that group that at the close of that meeting they came put their arms around me held my hands they said this is what we have been waiting for thank god you came

I1 told you I1 dragged myself dodownvm metonymy to that meeting on my way back home that night I1 only touched the ground humor hyperbole

once laughter I1 was so elated that G god had taken off my hands an insuper- able task for man

within three months every man 0 o

v 6 woman and child in that audience was alxjlx t C

explantexplana baptized members of the church I1 A r 1 tion didnt baptize them because I1 was trans-

A f 0 ferred but they all joined the church i c

and most of them came to utah idaho v i yf ive seen some of them in recent years 11ll4 theyre elderly people now but they say climax they never have attended such a meeting repetition a meeting where god spoke to them

I1wellweliweil now I1 have a number of things antithesis here I1 was going to say and havent 20720

said any of them what shall we do

shall we have another meeting laugh- humor ter I1 wouldnt dare suggest it I1 read the other day again from longfellowsLongfellows works in his poem called morituriMorituri salutamusSalutamus 11 meaning of course tievieliewe who are about to die salure you that would seem to be quite appropriate tonight we who are about to die salute

you young folks I1 dondontI1 t mean I1imI1 m going humor to die tomorrow but I1 think ill die hyperbole within the next fifty years laughter and within this poem he tells a legend most of you students perhaps have read it I1 think youre not so familiar with longflongalongfellowellow as viewe used to be but humorrumor I1 like the old fellow laughter pun and he said this and it is a description of whats happening in the world today sentinentssentiments in medieval rome I1 know activity H illus not whereswheregwhere alliter- trationarationtration there stu stands an image ation with his arm in alryakryairatr and on its lifted finger shining clear A golden ring with a device strike here greatly the people wondered though had none guessed the meaning that these words but half expressexpressededsedg until a learned clerksclerkgclerk who 208

at noonday withyilth downcast eyes was passing on his way paused and observed and marked it well the spot whereon the shadow of the finger fell coming back at midnight he delved and found the hidden stainstalmstalpstairwayray leading under ground down this he passed into a spacious hall lit by a flaming jewel on the wall and opposite in threatening attitude hithwithidith bow and shaft a brazen statue stood upon its forehead like a coronet were these mysterious words of menace set thatfirrhat which I1 am I1 am my repetition fatal aim none can escape not even yon luminous flamefiameflamedflamej111 midway the hall vaswas a fair alliter- table placed ation lithhithwith clos cloth of gold and golden cups encased hithwithklith rubies and the plates and knives were gold and gold the bread and viands manifold and around it silent motion- less and sad were seated gallant knights in armor clad and ladies beautiful hithmith plume and zone but they were stone their hearts repetition within were stone and the vast hall was filled in every part lithwith silent croscrowdsdrowds stony in face and heart long at the scene beullbevilbewildereddered and amazed alliter- the troublingtrembling clerk in speech- ation less wonder gazed and then from the table by his 209

greed made bold he seized a cup and a kniknifeL e of gold suddenly from their seats the gues guests sprangupsprangupsprungup the vaulted cellceilceli ceiling with loud clamors rang and the archer sped his arrow at their call shattering the lambent jewel on the wall and all was dark beneath and overhead stark on the floor the luckless clerk lay dead explana- the inwriteriterlter of this legend records metaphor tion its ghastly application in these alliter- comparison words ation the image is the adversary old

whose beckoning fingerCD points to realms of gold our lusts and passions are the dotdoidownwardnicardniqard stair that leads the soul from a diviner air the archer death the flarcingflaningflaming jewel life terrestrial goods the goblet and the knife the knights and ladies all whose flesh and bone by avarice have been hardened into stone the clerk the scholar whom the love of pelf tempts from his books and from his nobler self the scholar and the world the endless strife the discord in the harmonies of life the love of learning the sequestered nooks and all the sweet serenity of books the marketplacemarket place the eager love of gain whose aim is vanity and whose repetition end is pain but why you ask should this tale bebo told to men grown old or who are 210

growing old it is too late ah nothing repetition is too late until the tired heart shall cease to palpitate specific cato learned greek at eighty then instance he tells of several others who did their best work after theyd reached more than testimony fourscorefour score years and then he adds these are indeed exceptions but they show how far the gulfgulfstreamstream of your youth metonymy may flow into the arctic regions of your metonymy lives whrewhere little else but life itself survives sentiments I1 think we need to learn a lesson from these solemn words the luckless clerk lay dead because of greed illliilil111 read another line comparison wealth is not the things metaphor we own alliter- Sstatelytately houhouses e upon a hihill11 ation paintings rugs and tapestries or servants taught to do oneonesI1 s willwiilvn in luxury a man may dwell antithesis As lonely as in a prison cell wealth is not a plenteous purse metaphor the bonds that one has stored Alliter away atlon boastful balance in a bank nor jeweled baubles that fools display things that rereallyy gratify are the things that money cannot buy wealth is health a cheerful metaphor heart aulteriterlteriten an ear that hears the robinrobinsIs atlon 211

song A mind content some treasured friends and fragrant memories lingering long living is an inward art all lasting wealth is in the heart one testimony of the thingsCD president mckay fuliliarityfamiliarity says to all the men who are called to quorum of the twelve is this sniff you are to become a witness of jesus christ a special witness wherever you go youre to bear that witness and bless the people my young friends with all the vital solemnity of my soul speaking from alliteration the very center of my heart I1 say to metonymy you knowing that im on the very brink of eternity I1 say to you jesus of nazareth is the son of god the redeemer of the world he is pleading for you tonight his younger brothers explana- and sisters he is the son of the liv- tion ing god and hes come again in our time and he it11will1 come aagainainaln and raleroleealeeulebuiebule and reign alliteration on this earth for a thousand years of universal peace known as the milleniumrrlilleniummillennium that times coming and they who are worthy by reason of the determination to avoid the downdragdowndrag of life they who alliteration 212

are worthy will be caught up to meet

him when he comes sentiments I1 plead with you that youllyouilyoug 11 take vital note of every act and every word and every thought remember you are the

captain of your oamownoxm soul you cannot blame others who may tempt you itsibslbs up affections to you young ladies behave yourselves proximity as ladies and young men treat them as ladies and do not degrade one another by liahlaylaimmoralloral and unrighteous actions sentiments heavenly fathersfathergfather wiltwiit thou bless vital this wonderful audience of young people let thy spirit be with each of them that they may know of thy presence and be lifted up thereby that they may keep alliteration themselves clean and pure in thy sight that when the sansamsavioror shall come again they naywaymay be numbered among those who are worthy to meet him at his coming I1 pray for this blessing upon you leave you this testimony and my o-ownm special blessing humbly in the nanenamenaraenanae of jesus christ amen evaluationEVAWATION AND interpretation OF FIFTH SPEECH

t3ta FATHER ARE YOU uere711THERE

this speech is composed of almost every element of style listed in the criteria for this study there seems to be an excellent blend of all of the worthy elements of style used in the other four speeches in this thegischegis although there are 7399 words in this speech the average word per sentence is only 1808 words the lowest average of the five speeches this average is five words shorter than the phillipsphillipsephillips11 68a sentence lengthlengthy which is 237223.72 words perderoeroar sentence

this speech uses six of the seven inipellinaimpelling inornomotivestives only property is riotnot used as an appeal to the audience the only verbal

SsupU ooroortoortinpt materialmaterialcrial notno used isL s restatement all of the factors of attention are employed withmith the exception of statistics I1 believe

activity is involved throughouthroughoutL the entire speech I1 believe that the factor of the iritaliridal1 is implied in approximately 95 peraqpq cent of this speech president brounbroibrolbrownn used humor most effectively in his introduction to obtain the attention of his audience in this speech

president broibrolbrolinbrownin ututilizesllizesloizes 11 of the 13 caecategoriesu gories listed under fifiguresCs of speech I1 believe this speech could serve as an excellent model for speech teachers and students because of its lanianlanguageguategaageguage composition

68borchepsborchers oral style p 75 forfo other sentence length aver agesgs see page 220 of this thesis

213 214 and organization as well as its dynamic vocal style

IMPELLING MOTIVES the dominant impelling motives in this speech include sentiments loh10410477 words 15215.2 per cent of the words in this speech and self preservation 706yog06 words 959.5 per cent president brown uses the impelling motive of sentiments when he challenges hisMs audience to be humble decide upon their lifeslifeilfe goals unanderstunderstunderstandderstandundlnd the mearingnearing of self discipline and seek forgiveness when they err in utilizing selfseif preservationrvationovationrvation president brorndrownbrown compares nasmasnansmans life to a journey from utah to new york and tatalkslksaks about theluangerthe danger signs and warning signs that a person should be aware of if he is to preserve his life he also irsonnsirxforms his audience that there is a constant war between god and satan for the souls of nenmenraen other impelling motives used in this speech include poverpowerpower386power38u0863860zaz words 52 per cent reFreereputationtation 135 words 1851.85 per cent and affections 68 words 090.9og per cent

VERBAL supporting MATERIAL the dominant verbal supporting material used by president broenbrown in this speech is factual illustration 2437 words 32932.9329029 per cent of the total speech I1 believe this category is the most important one in contricontributingbutina to the success of this speech the major factual illustrationslilustrati ons are taken from president broibrolbroxnsmlsmts personal experiences in this speech they involved president brornbrovmls first missionary experience and his callinacalling to work full time in the church they are expertly organized and excellently presented 215 in addition tobo factual illustrations other verbal supporting materials used significantly were explanation 75765 words 103 perpe cent of the total speech parisoncoicolcomparison1 416 words 56 per cent specific instance 388 words 525.2 per cent and hypothetical illustration 814 words lio11011.0 per cent itib is interesting to note that jjmotheticalhypothehypothec bicalbacal and factual illustrations account for nearly 505.0 per cent of the speech material uhliewhile illustrations by themselves rouldzouldbouldimaldimuld probably have made this a good speech I1 believe it is an excellent one because of the judicious use in varying degreesLD of many different elements of style throughoutU the speech

FACTORS OF ATTENTION

motivesdiodloPlo because of the excellent blending of impellingC tives verbal supporting material and other factors of attention I1 believe the speech incorporates activity throuthroushoutthroughoutbhroughoutShout the entire text excluding the alrandantabundant hutorhumor of this speech I1 believe bhethebheuhe

vital constitutes approximately 95 perPG cent of this speech although only 913 words2wordswwords 12312.3 perp cent of the vitalvitaivi balbaiual diredirectly involves the audience other factors of attention which are significantly used in this

speech include reality 2530 words 35035.035 0 prperr cent conflict 1350 words 18218.2 wrper cent and familiarityfamiliarotyfaauifamuicagnifamilia rotyratyt 602 wordsfjords 81 per cent it should be noted that indirectly the audience was familiar withveith virtually all of the topics discussed jiho1hnihnahnihm or accounted for 795 words 10710.7 per cent of the total speech this percentage mswas double of that of any other speech 216

FIGMESFIGURES OF SPEECH the dominant figures of speech included cilmanclimanclimax 783 words

105 PGper cent metaphormetaDhor 4404.40kho0 words 595.9 Pper cent and alliteration 360 words 49 perpex cent A good example of the climax in this speech is and though I1 didnt hear a voice and I1 didnt see his person I1 want to tell you young people he replied to me irithwith the comforteoneomfort and assurance a testimony of his presence 0 0 A good example of metaphor is president browns coparisoncomparisona of our earth life to a journey from utah to new york the following are samples of the alliteration used to restrictrest ct and restrain obedienceabe6bedience to law is liberty although their percentages are not very high other figures of speech such as simileijsjijsj antithesis synecdoche hhyperboleerbolearbole iironyeronyronzrony netonnetonmeton my repetitionrenerepe aitionbition and the pun also were used to help this a most active and interesting speech

FACTORS OF intelligibility AMAND flexibility this speech was delivered in october 1961967 president brombrown was nearing his eighty fourth birthday certainly the vitality and vigor

withiwathitI1I1 which president brown presented his address would belie the fact

there wasT ts no hesitancy in his presentation only forthright dynamic forcefulness president browns pitch vaswasvas moderate and manly not shrill or harsh broibrolbrownsins prolonging of vowels and middle syllables his effective useuso of the pause to indicate that something important or significant has been said or is about to be said Ushis careful breakdobreakdownm of long

sentences into short 9 meaningful phrases of thoughttd all help to make 217

hugh B broinbroibrolbrownn a most interesting and enjoyable speaker in father are you there

although there were many and varied inflections bhethebhe pitch range was generally constant throughout the speech there were a few times when his pitch and loudness dropped slightly for emotional emphasis A good example of this was president Brbrornsbrownbroensorns reading of the twenty third psalm although there verewere a few instances herewherewhare pitch or volume dropped slightly there were no instances where the pitch was raised for any appreciable time of the five speeches analyzed for this study no speech gives a clearer picture of hugh B braimbroimbrownsls expert ability in handling the pause and syllable duration president brobrownsalsnls rate of speaking

varied accordingC to the thoughts he iwished to express his rate was faster when telling a joke slower when reading the ientytwentyPbenty third asahpsahpsalma this speech is a good demo-demonstrationnstration of what well organized and interesting mitmatmaterialerial coupled lithritheithirithleithi dydynamickllcnllc vocal qualities may produce certainly it shows that hugh B broibroldrolbrowndrownbromnrn is a master craftsman in the art of speaking to inspire CHAPTER IV

evaluation AND interpretation

OF TOTAL DATA OF analyzation

hugh B brolanbrown continues as a beloved and prominent spiritual leader and speaker the speeches analyzed in this study represent an important segment of that total because they were delivered after president brown became a nationally known church leader and because they were presented to an important segment of the mormon church ie students of the church sponsored college brigham young university the audience for four of these speeches numbered in the thousands only continued learning key to progress had an audience 69 of less than a thousand the addresses analyzed in this study were presented between the years of 1955 anda0aa 1019667 the reasons for selecting these speeches for this study are 1 1 brounsbrowns prominence as a church leader and speaker have been the greatest during this period and 2 most of browns available recorded discourses were given during this period there appears to be very littislittlslittas variance in the degree to which president brown used the elements of style during this 12 year period ailyatlyany evidentevident vriancevariancebiance tends to 1bee a factor of occasion rather than

asee69see9see crockett p 8 of this study

218 219 period of time all five speeches have a universality about them they are jtjatjot as timely relevant and appropriate as when they were first delivered the information in this chapter on the evaluation of president broabrojbrounbrownalsnls use of impelling motives and verbal supporting material was taken from tables 151 5 on pages 334733 47 of this study the evaluation of factors of intelligibility and factors of flexibilflexibility are gleaned from the evidences presented in the sumsummariesarlesaries following each of the analyzed speeches GENERAL FINDINGS

analyzation of the five speeches revealed 1 totaltobalyotal number of words in the five speeches 2358720587 2 average word length of the five speeches 4715 3 total number of sentences in the five speeches 1186 4 average words per sentence 1989 the average sentence

B I1 s length of hughCD brownsbrown speeches is considerably shorter than the famous orators listed in borchesborchersborche s studystudy7070 the list is given for comparison

SPEAKER AVERAGE WORDS PER SENTENCE

1 huxley 3894089438.94 2 gladstone 33540354005433.54 3 balfour 324432.44 4 roosevelt 322532.25 5 bryce 319931.99 6 wilson 286528.65 7 lincoln 271727.17 8 morley 267026.70 9 emerson 258525.85 10 phillips 237223.72 according to clinger parley P pratts sreechesbreechessreesneespeechesches averaged 3426042634.26 71 words per sentence pratts average sentence ienglongionglengthth is nearly

fifteen words longer than Brobrownsmtsmls the comparisons just mentioned would seem to indicate that todaytodays speech sentences are becoming

70tborchers70borchersBorchers oral style p 75 the average words per sentence for all tenton orators was 251325.13 words 71clinger71clinger parley P pratt p 162

220 221 shorter

USE OF SPELLINGUTELLING MOTIVES

the approaapproximatenatemate number and percentage of impelling motives used in the total speeches was 84787478247 words 364 per cent

sentiments 1 42242.2 per cent of impelling motives was sentiments

2 1sentiments comprised 15615.6 per cent of the total speeches 3 sentiments were used almost twice as much as any other category of impelling motives

1 4 president brown appears to enjoy challenging all people but particularly members of his church to do what is right true and honorable

power

1 243 perp cent of indellimoellinp motivestives used was power 2 power comprised 89 per cent of the total speeches 3 it appears that one of Prospresidentident broibrolbrownstnsans main desires is to spiritually uplift his audiences by reminding

them of the dowedowernowenowerpowe which may acquire by living the gospel of jesus christ

self preservation

1 003ooo100320300.3I per cent of impelling motives used was selfseif drespres arvationervationarvationerservation 2 self preservation comprised 757.57525 per cent of the total speeches 222

3 self preservation was the third most dominant impelling motive used 4 this motive is not emphasized as much by president brobrombrownm because he is a religious speaker most usually not a secular one affections 1 727.2 per cent of impelling motives used traswas affections 2 affections comprised 272.7 per cent of the total speeches 3 the audiences were often reminded to prepare for and to continue striving for a happy home they were reminded of the concern and love which their parents had for them and they vierewerewece admonished to live honorable lives so as to be worthy of the blessings promised them by their heavenly father reputation

1 61 per cent of impelling momotivestives used was reputationr2putation 2 sentiments comprised 23 per cent of the total speeches 3 while reputation was not a dominant motive president

bro-bronnbrownm often renrendrepremindeddndedanded his audience to remember who they were and what they stood for as members of the wornonmormon church property 1 there were only two words in the five speeches which

netnietmetpietplet the definition of Ppropertyrowerome ty 2 the gain of earthly wealth or possessions is not 223

emphasized with religious subjects or audiences tastes 1 I1 could find no exanexamexamplesplespies of tastes in the five speeches

USEUS OF VERRU supporting MATERIAL the approximate number of words and percentages of verbal sup-

was yis71.9 portingaa&a material used in the total speecheseachesecches 169541695 words lgig191.9719 per cent

explanation

1 268 per cent of verbal supportsupportinginF material used was explanation

2 explanation comprised 19319.3igo per cent of the total speeches

3 this was the dominant verbal sepporsupporsupporting material there were occasions when broerobrownsmtsmls explanations were simple succinct and interesting the interestingness often depended on the quantity and quality of the other verbal supporting material factors of attention and figures of speech which supported the explanation

factual illustration 1 258 per cent of verbal suDsundortingportingsupportingsudporting material used was factual illustration 2 factual illustration comprises 185 per cent of the total speeches this was only slightly less 12 per cent than the number of words used in enexplanationnationlalanationlavation 224

in the total speeches 3 the great majority of broensbrownsBro mls factual illustration were taken from personal experiences testimony 1 16816.8ige per cent of verbal supportsupportinfsupportinginF material used testimony 2 testimony composed 121 per cent of the total speeches 3 scriptures and poetry were the main sources of testimony specific instance

1 140 per cent of verbal supporting material used nasrasvaswas specific instance

2 specific instance was often used when president broerobrownvm wished to create a lanaianalanmlanguageage or vocal climax concomcomparisonson 1 61 per cent of verbal supporting material used was comparison 2 comparison composed 444.4 per cent of the total speeches 3 brobrownsvms comparisons were usually simple and fanifamiliariliaraliar to his audience they often contained humor

hvhypotheticaloothetical illustration 1 80 per cent of verbal supporting material used was hypotheticalzm heticalhectical illustration 2 hypothetical illustration composed 575.7 per cent of the total speeches 225 restatement 1 232.3 per cent of verbal sutportinfsupporting material used was restatement 2 restatement comprised 171.7 per cent of the total speeches

statistics0 4 4aaa J 1 statistics composed less than 01 per cent of the

total sjosj2speechesechesaches

USE OF FFACTORS OF ATTENTION

the approximate number of words and percentages of factors of attention used in total speeches was 37383 words 15851585158.5 perp6pa cent the reason that the number of words under factors of attention exceeds tthee total number of words in the speech is because many words could be placed simultaneously in moreraore than one category

activity 1 538 per cent of factors of attention used was activitactivinactivityacbivity

activity is actually a composite of inanymnyamny different factors supporting natematenaterialsmaterialsrials and figures of speech activity makes the speech move and carries the audience i-withth it 2 activity comprised 85385.3 per cent of the total speeches 3 I1 believe all of the speeches lithrithnithilithillthirithwithi the exception of continued leaminglearning key to progress virtually contained one hundred per cent activity 4 I1 believe continued learning key to progress 226

substantially lacked activity because there was a preponderance of explanation coupled lathnithwith an insufficient number of other factors of atten-

tion verbal supporting wmaterial and figures of speech

5 normally rughhugh B brovnsbroemsbrovms speeches move not only because of the large quantity of factors of attention but also because of the interesting and various combinations in which they are vocally presented vital 1 16116.1igiiglige161 per cent of factors of attention used was vital 2 vital composed 25625.6 of the otaltotalotai speeches if a

I broad anterpreinterpretationLlation is used I1 believe that vitalvitai material touldwould be found in excess of 7505075075.0 per centcont of the total speeches 3 the subjects which president brown covered ie the need for a prophet of god the potentialities of man purity continued learning and the need for divine guidance were vitaivitalvivj taltai to his audience

realizrealia 1 148 per cent of factors of attention used was reallyealLtyreality 2 reality composed 23523.5 perP cent of thelthelotalthe otalotaitotal speeches 3 president erolbroibrownm referred to present concrete items such as guided missiles rdrniniminidi ni skirts and the pres- ervationervation of the home in modern day society to maintain 22

the interest of thetho audience familiafamiliarity 1 63 perpe cent of factors of attention used was faniliacaniliafamiliarity 2 familiarity comprised 100 per cent of the total speechessneeches 3 using a broad definition of familiarity I1 believe that a iidnimimrdnimum of 950 per cent of the total speeches was devoted to topics which were relevant and meaninafulmeaningful to mr browns audience 4 the combination of a high degree of familiarity and realreality and activity and vital greatly contributed to the efectivenessactivenesseffectivenessf of ajbuh9jbughhughh 3 brombrownsI1 s style of speaking conflict 1 45 prparper cent of factors of attention used was conflict

2 comprised 72 2.2 bhe speeches conflict 727.2 per1 cent of total 3 usually the conflict used in the speeches analyzed was concerned withmith intangibles ege g broensbrolbrojnsBrojnsI1 s conflict within himself as to whether he should become a millionaire and his 11 wrestlingvirestlingwresblingwres bling vyithwith the devil in father are you there and his

explanation abouabout1 the war between satan and god

for mensinens souls in purity is power1 22828 humor

1 333.33 3 prper cent of factors of attention used braswas humor 2 humor composed 52 per cent of the total speechessp Deches 3 in profile of a prophet humor was not used and its absence was not noticeable largely because of the excellent factual illustrations used in the speech however continued leaniinglearning keygey to progress which also totally lacked humor could have utilized it or some of the other factors of attention to make brorbrojbrowndrownbromnalsnls explanations more interesting father are you there is an excellent example of how humor may be used as introductory material to gain the

attention of the audience9audienceaudiences 9 and then to help continue that interest throughout the speech suspense

1 08 per cent of factors of attention was sussuspensese

2 suspense wasvas used in 13 perP cent of the total speeches

3 usually brobrownsmlsmts audience knowknew whatthat the outcome of any given situation would be and brornbronnbrown did not try to use suspense as often as otherothor factors of attention father are you there builds

some suspense when president brown has to wrestlei with the devil p186pel86 andanc when he receives a phone call from salt lake city at tenton thirty in the evening p18p 18 8 229 proximity

1 02 per cent of factors of attention itasvaswas proximitypro d dy 2 ProxproximityLaity vaswas used in 040.4 per cent of the total speeches

3 president brobrombrowndrownm very seldom referred to specific individuals he usually used collective words

and phrases suehsuch as you students here and imeiimelmenme-a

mbers of the BYU 11 novelty 1 I1 found no incidents of noveltynovelly in the five speeches

FIGURES OF0 SPEECH

climax 1 461 perpor cent of fimfibresfabresre of sdeechspeech Ttaswas climax 2 climax was used in 14314.3 per cent of the total speeches 3 profile of a prophet offers an excellent example of a series of consecutive climaxes when president brown lists areas of agreement between the learned english judge and himself purity is power gives several examples of short phrases or sentences wlachwiachwhichwinch are climactic in nature 4 Uuallyusuallybally the climaxes of the language were accompanied by a build up of vocal elements such as rate emphasis and force

alliteration 1 14814.8 tecterperpec cent of figurefigures of speech was alliteration 230

2 alliteration was used in 46 per cent of the total speeches

3 president brobronbrombroenbrownm seemed to be aware of the importance of alliteration as evidenced in one example from

purity is power pioPplo1079 in which there are eighty examples of alliteration repetition 1 139 per cent of figures of susechspeech was redetitionrepetition 2 repetition was used in 43 per cent of the total speeches

3 usually president brownbrowns use of repetition performed its proper function ie reinforcement of ideas however there were a few occasions in which repetition unnecessarily recalled prevpreviously1ouslybously covered ideas iritleitwithouthout reinforcing them this was particularly true in continued learning

11 key to ProprogressCaress metaphor

1 98 per cent of figures of Sspeecheechbech was nethenetyemet2pmetaphoror 2 metaphor was used in 30 per cent of the total speeches

3 this imswas a favorite method of president browns

in explainingL gospel principles metaphors often helped aid the understanding and interestingness of broibrovbrounbrownm s ideas 231 antithesisA t 4 1- 1 72 per cent of factors of attention was antithesis 2 antithesis was used in 22 per cent of the totallotalcotal speeches 3 what is man and what he may Bebecomecomell and purity is power have several good examples of president brownsbro mls use of antithesis 4 the use of antithesis seemed to help sharpen the focus on many of browns central ideas

other forms used less than 50 perpg cent of the total figures of speech or of the total speeches include simile personification

synecdoche hyperbole irony vietonievieniebometonymyto and the pun 0 it should be strongly emphasized that while the above methods did not comprise a large quantity of the total speeches they were most important in giving variety and activity to broibrolbrownsmls speeches

the quality of brownsbro ansrns speeches was enhanced and enriched by his frequent use of these various figures of speech the only factor of attention not used in any speech analyzed was onomatopoeia

FACTORS OF intelligibility AND flexibility the most notable disclosure of this study in regards to intelligibility and flexibility is the fact that not only did president broinbrown abundantly use the factors of intelligibility and flexibility but that helielleile usually used therathem in relationship to

the language ofolloil011olp his speeches these factors enhanced the interpretations the interestingness and the understandability of drownsbrowns speeches there are butbratbrut few instances where mr brown 232 used these factors inappropriately virtually all of the inappropriate usage occurred in continued learning key to progress

president broanbroibrolbrojnm always appeared to speak loud enough to be heard clearly and distinctly the loudness was accompanied by

appropriate force the force was generallycl achieved more by reducing the loudness of words coaledcouledcoupledwithcoupLedwithath increased energy than by merely increasing the loudness this method tasoaswas also

1 ased wonwhenwhon brombrown desired to develop a vocal climax in1 n which his force was decreased but hislntensiyhis intensity off feefeeling was increased president bronbrown seemseeminglynglyangly had no pronunciation problems his accenting of words was generally accurate and acceptable for lashisids audiences usually brownsbroibrovins articulation was good when errors of articulation occurred I1 believe they were due mainly because of brotbroibroxjnsmlsmys desire to deliver bhethebheuhe most appropriate word afterainner he had already begun to say a different word in general I1 do not believe that brobrownsvalsvmls errors of articulation occurred beobembecauseause of any sluggishness of his articulators brownbrowns rate of speakingsneaking ranged from moderate to slow and usually was very definite there was nachnuehnuchmaehmuehmuch variety in his speaking but brounbrownbrovrns rate of speaking generally conformed to the thoughts

1 he spoke brotbroibroanbrojnalsnls pitch was normally round and fullfuli 1 onedtonedboned usually if he wanted to emphasize a particular thought the endienniemphasisempl1 iasislasisbasis occurred more often because of an increase of forcefulness rather than a

raising or loemringvmringlowering of his pitchtchteh when pitch viasoaswas used to emphasize a thought it was usually lowered rather than raised however 233 president broibrolbrownsrolsrnls speeches had an abundance and variety of both upward and downward inflections which were usually geared to the thoughts or moods expressed anothernotlceableanothernotlcnotlyeabie characteristic of browns speaking was his breaking of sentences into small phrases according to the ideas or emotions he wished to communicate the speeches analyzed in this study would seem to indicate that president brown is a skilled craftsman in the use of ssyllablele duration and the amsepmsep-tuseiuse brownsdrowns elonzaelongaelonzationelongationtion of syllables and especially the vowels helped his words to be clearly understood this elongation often helped him to emphasize thoughts and words hichwhichaich needed eiaphasisaphasiaemphasis brobrownsmlsmts pausepausess alwaysaltwaysalaways seemed to be used to add enchasisemphasis or importance to what had been said or to what was about to be said they did not give the appearance of &i4ardnessaiawkwardness or surenessunsurenessununpureness but usually seemed to add strength and believability to his words

conclusionsT T T r T tri hugh B brown is a religious speaker whose audiences in these speeches are composed hainlimainlimainly of meimermembersabers of his oownvrn faith that he has the ability to attract and stimulate the young people in regards to their faith is attested to by the fact that thousands of college age students have attended his discourses I1 believe that this study gives a aplenpleupleaiiipie evidence that one of the main reasons that president broibrolbrownan7n is well liked as a speaker is because of his abundant use of many of the principles of effective public speaking this study reveals that nearly every category described under 234 metlinmelliniriDellinmelliniridellinzin inz motives verbal suosuomrtinsupportingmrtinal material factors of attention fifiguresauresqures of speech and factors of intelligibility and flexibilflexibility is employed by mr brown to gain hold instruct and inspire his audiences not only are planynanymany categoriescategoi iesloseos used several tintinestimestimes but they are used judiciously in promoting an understandable and spiritual communication with his audience Babecausecause hugh B broibrolbrounbrownm is so prominent as a vellveilwell known religious speaker and leader and because he so often uses so ranymany devices of modemmodern effective public spospeakingspoakingaking I1 believe thistills study would be of value to anyone desiring to increase his homiletic or public spe speakinaspeakingakina0 ability also I1 believe that anyone readinqreadingC this study wculdwould bebo inclined to conclude that hugh BD brotbroibroxonbroxjnn is a woworthyrthyarthy speaker

indandiaclncl spiritualspitspiritualigual model to ralateemulateeibalateralate As wendell J ashton recalls hugh B brounbrown has a way of making young people antwntttt T nt to be goodood for vetheh sheer adventure of it heho can take truths that otherotherwiseTrise seem dullduliduil and give them an exciting freshness his messages have a poetic natclinessnlinessmanliness4 nliness thtaht sinks right into the sinew of the soul tjttat1 i

1 B elwendell7lwendellpvjendellPVJendell J ashton forward 9 in eternal lestlastquestquastiest by hugh brown salt lake city utah bookcraft inc 11956 p 7 CHAPTER V

SUMMARY AND conclusions

PURPOSE the main purpose of this study was to determine the elements of speech style which played the most dominant roles in five of hugh B brownbroemsbroomsbrovms addresses presented to the studentstudentbodybody and faculty of the Bribrighamghan young university kymy reasons for this study were 1 1 it presents to the speech world the first analyzation of a livingli mormon orator and 2 because of hugh B browns prominence as a church and civic leader his speeches and speaking style merit rhetorical criticism

PROCEDURE

in order to ascertain the dominantdoiiidoimi nant elements of style the five addaddressesressosrossos montiomentionedned above were transcribed fromfeorareora the original tape recordings each specchspeechspeach was examined as to date of address word lengienglenghlengthh of the speeches number oj0 sentences and average number of words per sentencesentenceteneetonce each speech was then analyzed as to the follofollowingvring categories of stylestylo 1 1 iymellinimpelling motives 2 verbal supportingmaterialsupporting r1ramaterialerial 3 factors of attention 4 factors 0ofL intelligibility and flexibiflexibilityt by the first three catecategoriestd oriesorles mentioned above were analyzed reading the speeches and then making marginal notations of the elements of style that terewere discovered within each speech evaluations of the

235 236 the dominant elements in the first three categories were taken from statistical tablesbabiesbables contained in chachapteroter three of this study the last category was analyzed and evaluated by me after listening to each tape recording at least four times

GEGEMSRALFERAI FINDINGS

1 broibrolbroanbrojnm is primarily a religiousU leader the addresses analyzed were delivereddelivereddel iveredevered by him after he became a prominent leader in the mormon church

2 broibrolbrownm does not have ono single set style but rather uses a variety of the various elements of modemmodern effective public speaking for different speeches and occasions 3 although dominant elements of broirnsbrowns style have been emiphasizedemphasizedphapeasized in this study it tiastraswas found that utaallyusuallytrallyTaallyaily all factors III11whetherIactnetaethernetherher doidoldoipinantn inantanant or not contributed to the overall effectiveness of brolBroibroisbrorsmtsmls speaking style 4 the dominant pollinimpollinimrellinpim motives used by brown in order of dominance werewore sentiments power and sqirrqse10selfsolf preservation

5 the dominant verbal sudsunsupportingdoroor in natmatmaterialerial used by broibrolbrowntrownm were exianationexplanationignationIanation factual Uluillustrationstration tefcijotestimony and sdecificspecific instance 6 the dominant factors of attentionattentipn used by brown were actiaatiactivityniyllyl realirealityreglityrebreglireg lity vvitaivitalutautalutail andond I1familiarityamiliarifamiliariami liari 7 the doiiiinantdoiiftnant figures ofoc speech used by brown were climax alliteration repetition metaphor and anantithesisithesis 8 brotobronwbrotwbrownn nademaderaade abundant use of ffeifactorsc Ivorsgors of inteljikintelintelligiinterligijiKligi bilbli ty and emilliflflemilliflexibilityILt which ieiatedrelated to the lanianlanailanaiageLIUage of his speeches 909 brownaroiiroirn assallyasually sakeswkespoke loud enough to be heard and understood this lordloudnenessneosss iwasas accompanied by appropriate forcefulness 10 the forcefulnesstoreefulneaulness used by broibrolbrowndrownm was most often achieved by reducing loudness and increasing energyC rallratherher than by increasing loudness 237

11 uhenwhen developing a vocal climax browns force was decreased but his intenintensityanten or ffeelingeelinbeelina was creasedincreasedjn 12 president broenbrown had no pronunciation problems in these speeches heho did have a slight number or errors of articulation which were mainly due I1bolo10 his desire to deliver a more appropriate word after he had already begbeganbegunbegunan saying a different word I1 do not believe the errors occurred because of any sluggishness on the part of his articulators 13 brobrownsvailsvalys rate of speaking ranged from moderate to slow and usually vaswas very definite however there was nuchnuehmachmuchmueh variety in his speaking and his rate and pitch generally conformed to the thourthounthourlitsthoughtslits spoken 14 when brownbrotmsbroems latchpitch was used for emphasis it brasvaswas usually lowered rather than raised 15 A noticeable characteristic of browns speaking was his breaking of sentences into small phrases according to the ideas or emotions he desired to express

316366 president brotbroibrorjnm skillfully used elonaelongatedted vowels or allablbsllbjl andan thele nausepause to addac emphasiserill hasis or importance to what had been said or to what irasrasiwastras about to be said

conclusions this study indicates that one major reason that haghhugh B broenbrotmbroambrown is so volleolvoiwel I1 liked as a speaker is that helielleile constantly uses many of the principles of effective public speaking as taught by todaytodays speech teacherste chers because hugh B broicbroivbrownn uses so many devices of modemmodern effective public sceauspeauspeakingng I1 believe this study would be of value to

anyone 1.111 desiring1 to increase theirkheir homiltichomiletic or public speaking11 ability 238

rec011recoiiendatiomsIMATIONS this study of hugh B broibrovbrownsmls speaking style is the first to be made of a livinlivinalivinp mormon orator I1 believe that the fields of rhetorical criticism andmadmhd pablicpublic address would be greatly enhanced if similar studies were made of other living mormon orators such as david 0 mckay richard L evans and ezra taft benson in addition to studying their styles other areas such as speech preparation organization of addresses and the ethos of these speakers would be proprofitablecitable areas of investigation it is hoped that the mormon church as well as other religious bodies would eelwelwelcomecorae an invest gation to discover which of todaytodays religious speakers appeal the most to different age groups and why they do so I1 believe a comparison of styles of prominentproruproeu nent twentieth century religious speakers of different faiths would also be a worthy contribution to the field of speech SEIECTEDSELECTED bibliography SEL-SELECTEDWCTED bibliography

I1 BOOKS brown hugh B Abrandantabundant Ulifee salt lake city utah bookcraft inc 1965 eternal questquest salt lake city utah bookcraft inc 1956 raw materials it Conticontinuincontinuingnuin7 the quest salt lake city utah 1 deseret book company I19& a evans richard L forward continuing the questquestsquesto salt lake city utah deseret book company 1919611 monroe alan H and EningershningerehningerSh Doudoualisdousiasdoualasdouglasaiasalasolas principrinciplesTiesles and tmesamestyoes of speechdeech 6ath6thuh cded Glenglenviewview illinois scott Foreforesmanforesiriansirian and company 1971907 phillips arthur E effective sd3aspeaking chicago the neinelnerjtonrtonarton company 19081908 the doctidoatidoctrinedoctrineinelne and covenants of the church of jesus christ of laterlatterU ddaeday saints salt lake city utah church of jesus christ of latter day saisalsaintslnts 1952 websters seventh eelnelneineltneitnevnewT colcoicolleiatecollegiatele7iate dicdictionaryLlonion ltvlyvty v springvillesprinoSpringville mass G 8& C 11 company ppa kelmankemmanerniman 1963 9 appppp7 71 830 wilson john F and arnold carol C public steakinsheakinSisieakinsneakingspeakingeakin as a liberal art boston allyn and bacon inc 1965

II11 ARTICIESARTICLES LKandAMDD periodicals ashton Tcndell J hugh B brobrownvm of the council of the Ttelvebelvetwelve ll11 imroimrovementimproverntimprovementImprovervementnt era june 1958 393 4666

green L 17call h- oho h improvement era november 9 doyle callcailcali to highi office 196319639 933393334933903 343 jamieson C K editorial the Allibertribertalbertalbertanalberianbertanajigligil may 8 1937 in imimprovementorovement era july 1937 40101ol

enoiknowerenoverter franklin H graduate theses aran index to graduate work in speechI1 and drama speech monosrarhsnono&ranhs research editions vol no XXXIVV no II11 1 1935 to and includingCD vol 3 1967 southam lynn 113tiadentbodstudentbodyStudentbodya head 1ludsaadsaudsbluds life of president brobrownvm 11 salt lake city utah deseret nelneinelisneirsnewsis Februaryfebruaryfebruary 25 1967 p 10

240 a-k- 241

statistical record shows Grovgrowthrth 11 salt lake city utah deseret news Decembordecember 31 1961967iggy p 15 sperry sidney B hugh B brown assisassistanttant to the council of the twelve ll11 improvement era july 1937 914991 98485984 85 tanner nathan eldon president hugh B brown of the first presidency improvement era august 1961 573

iliIII111 unpublished MATERIALS

bateman J lavar the use of public speaking in conducting the mormon church welfare plan unpublished masters thesis university of wisconsin 1971947

speaking in the mormon 11missionaryassionary system unpublished phd dissertation university of I1wisconsin 1950 benson frank an analysis of orson pratts invention in the pratt nemanmemannewmanmewman debate unpublished masters thesis university of utah 1952

borchers gladys L A study of oral style unpublished phd dissertation university of wisconsin 1921927 clinpclimpclingerer morris M nn analysis of twelve speeches 0of parley parker pratt dornonmornonmormon oratoru 11 unnublisunpublisheded eastemasteeastersmastersrlsals young thesis 9 brigham0 university 194619 cloonan benginusBenginus J the method of preaching of saint francis of assisi unpublished astersmasters11 thesthesisLs catholic university of america 1952 crider kenneth G the rhetoric of the mormon vs non mormon controversy in illinoisoisols 11 phd dissertation university of illinois 1957 frank victor C the sermonic techniques endenoEmDemployedloyed over the lutheran hour 1931381931 38 11 unpublished masters thesis marquette university 1953

greaves halbert S public speaking in utah 184718018418691847184 180l8699 11 unpublished phd dissertation university of wisconsin igi1911941

jones elbert W A study of interest factors and motive appeals in rhetorical theory with special reference to invention style and arrangement unpublished PPJ dissertation 9 july 1950 u f coiwchiwcolm 242

knudsentKnudknudsensentseny darwin cowley george Q Camcannonsnons effectiveness as a speaker unpublished hastermasterx1asterts thesis stanford university 1951

mc A mcalistorsterg virvirginiaClinia clemensolemens rhetorical analysis of style in selected Rrecorded7 coxcoy ded Sarsersermonsrions of dr peter marshall unpu- 1 1 blished asterslasterseastermasterI thesis kansas state college0 190igo1964 iillermiller harodharoidharoldhatoharo d A A comparisonco aparison of the forms of support used in contemporary american protestant pulpit address unpublished phd dissertation university of minnesota 1962 J myers chester Ju A critical analysis and appraisal of the work of brigham young as a public speaker unpublished phd dissertation university of southern california 1940

pace ralph ayne A study of the speaking of B H roberts utahs blaekBlackblacksmithsruth orator unpublished plasters thesilssthesis younayoungyounq L briahambridahambrighamC 0 universuniversouniversityi y 1957

robinson kenneth talterhallerhalterjailerV some classical discussions of style unpublished iwfciwucsherlshastermastersterlss thesisqthesis comellcornell university 1931 Sairsaipsalpsawyerjeryer vtrattwyatbwyatt A rhetorical study of the radiopadiopadlo serdSernsermonsionslons of W L oliphantOliph nt infunfunpublishedr1lblished masters thesis university of houston 1959

sn i ri 11 A public speaking V snithsmithitheithq calrcaincalvin critical analysis of the of joseph snithsmithsridarid th first president of the church of jesus christ of latter day saints unpublished phd dissettdissetadissota tion purdue university 19651905

A 1 Cow youndyounsyounayoung kenneth lloyd quantitative analisanalysanalysisis of matthevmatthew1 cowlenscowleysleys use of the illustrative method of oral aasupportlportLpalportort 11 unpublished masters thesis Brbrighamighani0 young university 1966

IV OTIMROTHER sourSOUBSOURCESoesoms

crockett earl C telephone interview june 20 1968

firmage edieedleedidedidiedimiai2i R mrs telephone conversation july liylly11911 1968 telephone conversationconversations july 159 1968 van biteruitcruiter dean personal letter may 13 1968 INDEX 0-1-7-15-

INDEX

IMPELLINGIMPELIZNG MOTIVES affections what Iss man and what he may become 80 purity Is power 1079 109log1099logg lllyilly1119iiiili111 11314113 14 1219121 12312391209 1251259 135 continued learllearningdngang key to progress 53953 155 160igo father are you there 95959 212 power ofwhatat Is ilanllaneanman and what he may become 818 80980 828382 83 85985 8798 94 purity Is flowerplowerpower 0710 119 1262791262126 2792 132 ibolwoiwo140140100 continued leanloanlearningdngang keygey to progress 14950149 50 15557155579155 57579 159- 676 father are you there 18082180829180 82982 19719 property purity Is power 107loy10 rereputationtation purity Is power libyilby1149lih114 1209120 125 1289128 loo1301309looy 132 1353613513536136361 141 father are you there 5759 17793 190 selfseif preservation elhatwhat Is llanilanlianeanman and what he may become 80980 90 power 14 purity Is loyy07910 lloliolloylioy1109110 11314113 9 1180191180199 12223122239122 23923 125- 2792 loo1301001309loog 13713 141 continued learning key to progress 155 father are you there 177181777897898 1899189 1921929 196919697196 979 sentiments profile of a prophet 6956 59 6060 65 what Is man and what he may become 99 81981 84868486984 86986 90 purity Is power 10610logio106106109log 109loy10 11214112 14 11618ilg116181116 13118118 12022120 22 127912 1291299 131 13339133 39 141 flcontinuedflcontinued learnlearninging key to progress 150541501505495450 158 166616667166 676 father are you there 75759 18081180819180 81981 119091190919190igo 919gly91 195 1981989 207920 2109210 212 tastes no reference

244 1-7-5-

VERBAL supporting hateMATERIALMATErillRIkL comparisonconComDarison profile of a prophet 59 9 62 whatfvffiat Is man and what he may become 777877 78 80 8587985885 8798 94 purity Is power 121 1291299 131 continued learning key to progress 166 father are you there 73739 1791799 1840851840859 1971979 20910209 10 eniaEnlaexplanationnation profile ol01of a prophet 49949 505450 54 56 60636063960gogo639gog63 656665 66 what Is man and what he may become 798479 84 868886 88 909290 92 purity Is power 1049104 10809108099108 09099ogs iligillg1119lii111 lihlibyilby1149114 1189118 1229122 125 28 1319 12728127127289289 loi131101 133 1353105313536135 336 9 13839138 39 continued learning key to progress 491495014950950509 1521529 15456154 56 16165161 65 father are you there 741747617476976976 1788017817880980980 18892188929188 92992 2009200 2069206 2092099 211 factual illustration profile of a prophet 495249 52 54954 59959 639gog63 65 purity Is power loh1049lohyloby104 115 father are you there 1829182 1848818418488988988 193igo1939 1982011982019198 2019201 20304203 04 hypotheticalbnoduoLuothetical illustration what Is hannanman and what he may become 80980 86 purity Is power 089108 1171179 ilg1191199 122 father are you there 74974 177ipp1779 179ipg1799 igi1911919 20709207 09 restatement what Is man and what he may become 878887 88 939493993 949 purity Is power 126 136

Contincontinuedcontinuedaed learningc2ca key to progress 155 specificificidic instance profile of a prophet 25253525395250953950953 5762575762962962 646564 65 what Is man and what he may become 77s77 818381 83 85888588985 88988 90 purity Is power 05905 1071021079 iioilo11011 09 1151159 12022120229120 22922 1249124 12630126309126 00930930 133513435913134 05935935 1371379 13910913991099 11lwi141 continued learning key to progress 15055150 55 1576015760157 60 162 167 you father are there 77977 1819181 1831839 1909190igo 1921929 1951959 1961969 210 statistics continued learnalearningng key to progress 157 father are you there 1731739 197 stimontestimonTetestimony profile of a prophet 609goy60 636563 65 what11ffiat Is man and what he may become 7778777897728928978978 81858185981 85859 878982898789987 89989 919491 94 7 purity Is power 110 iliiiilllylily1119111 11415114159114 15915 1189118 120221202022122 1251259 13031loo130319130 31931 13738137 38

245 7-1-5-

continued learning key to progress 149 1545615415456256256 1591592 164lgb1649 1666166 6 father are you there 94949 21011210 11

FACTORS OF ATTENTION activityaatiacti profile of a prophet 49 continued learninglea ng key to progress 154 father aro you there 731349173747449 1829182 1849184 18189 1991999 20207 conflict profile of a prophet 51 what Is man and what he may become 87 purity Is power lloyilollo110109 1141149 133 father are you there 18581851858798798 1891899 1961969iggy 2019201 203 familiarityFamiliariz profile of a prophet 49504950949 50509 525452 54 56569 58 6060 626462 64 what Is man and what he may Bobecomeconellcomell 7977 80809 8386808683838698086986986 88908890988 90990gog 939493 94 purity Is power 1039103108 iioilo1109110 1151159 1189118 12022120229120 22229 1269126 1289128 13536135 36 13839138 39 continued learninelearning key to progress 50509 15354153 54 15760157 60 father are you there 17476174 76 18178 1831839 1851859 1881889 igi1911919 19293192939192 93909939 1962001962009196 2002009 2052059 211 huriorhumorhwrior what Is man and what he may become 7977 80 purity Is power 0407904 07 iloiio109log110911031091 1151159 1221229 1271279 131 135 you 1879 1939 father are there 741747517475275752 1811819 184 9 187 193igo 198207198 207 noveltynove no reference proximitypro tlmialmi profile of a prophet 4648 9 50 what Is ilanllanman and what he may becomebecoriellBecoriell 77 82 purity Is power 128 continued learning key to progress 150 father are you there 95952 212 realityrea profile of a prophet 050525052952529 55 6656165616 65 what Is man and what he may become 79t79 85985 87 continued learning keygey to progress 50509 1541549 156 1606116061160igo 61 163igo1639 165 father are you there 181 190igo19091.909 1921929 19697196 97 199200199 200 suspensesuspcusp nse father are you there 1869186 188 204

246 7-1-1

vital profile of a prochetprodhetprophetProDhet 49 9 59 65 what Is man and what he yayXmayay become 81 838683 86 89 919291 92 95 purity Is power 10107119louion107 Ullyliy119 llolio1131411311314914 11618ilg116189116 18918 12021120219120 21921 1252812512528928928 13032loo130329130 32329 13437loh13413437937079379 13941139 41 continued learning key to progress 14853148 53 1555615515556956569 159615915967667 father are you there 1808118018081981819 190igo1909 1921929 1951959 21112211 12

FIGURES OF SPEECH alliteration profile of a prophet 485248 52 54549 565956 59 616661 66 what Is nanmann and thatwhat he naymayy become 78829788828 82982 84908490984 90990gog 939593 95 purity Is power 10508105 08 lioiloiio11014110 14 ligi1161ilg11617116 171 11920ilg119209119 20209 1222412249122 2449 1261269 128 13039130399130 09939939 141 continued learning key to progress 150 15658156 58 160616067160 667 father are you there 3139817398998989 2000120020001901019oly 20312203 12 antithesis what Is man and what he may becomebeco rrell 898 82848284982 84849 939493 94 purity Is power iiiili11112111 12912 1189118 127912 1331339 1363logo13637136log 373 continued learning key to progress 15051150 51 155 father are you there 19979979.979 201 210 climax profile of a prophet 48 5256525256956956 596659 66 11ette man may c.15 nhatwhat Is and what he become 81181 85898589985 89899 91929192991 92929 949594 151595 IrpurityParityirparityimparity Is power 10405104.05104 05 109log1099 1189118 12023120239120 23239 1252612512526926926 133 131379 141 continued learning key to progress 1491499 15556155 56 fatherFatheryherg are you there 14174 1777991177 7999 1841849 181879 19495194959194 95959 19799919799197 99999 202 206206 19

merbolemergolehyperboleeerMerboleboie whatat Is man and what he may become 80 85 purityparitypurity Is power 1069logy106log lioylloy1109iloiio110 125 127912 lwi141 father are you there 759 1829182 1851859 187918 1889188 202 20420 2060720607206 07 5 ironirony father are you there 202 metametaphorhor profile of a prophet 64 whatat Is lianiianman and what he elayeaymlaymay become 79 86986 95 purity19urity Is power iiiili11113111 13 1209120 1269126 12931129319129019129 01931931 137 continued learning kevkey to progress 155 166 father are you there 7791 1791799 1941949 20910209 10 netometometonymy profile of a prophet 64 man may 8 80 81981 8485984 85985 gig what Is eanan and what he become 8 9 8485 91991 939493 94

24724 7-1-

purity Is power llolio11011911011110 11119 1131139 1183183 18 ilg1191199 1209120 12223122 23 12521251252792792 13031loo130319130 01931931oly 134 13639136399136106log 39939 141 contimedcontinuedContimed learning key to progress 501505115051951951 1555615515556956569 1591599 166 father are you there 771 1809180 1819181 1891899 19195191 95 2030420304203 04 206zog 210 211 onomatodoeiaonomatopoeia no reference personificationpersonigersonicationcatlonficateonficationfictation what11olhat Is1sas i1lianiiania1 lanianan and what he may become 81 8798 94 purity Is power 1711719117199issisy19919 1251259 loo1331339 137loy1379 141 father are you theretheretthereathere11 204 pun puritytturity Is power 106 father are you there 207 repetition profile of a prophet 52s52 566656 66 whatirwthat Is hanmanman and what he may beccibecoibecomeiettlett1ellbell 878797879979979 81898189281 89289 93993 95 purity Is power 05059 10811108119108 llyliy11911 1131411391139145145 11822118 22 12629126299126 29929 13213291029 13435134359134 05935935 13741137 41 igo 61 continued learning key to progressC 15054150 54 1606116061 16367163 67 father are you there 739173 1751759 17882178 82 18485184859184 85985 187 18990189909189 90990goy 1951959 1981989 20001200 01 206 20810208 10 simile profile of a prophet 51 what Is man and what he may become 8978 85 purity IsTS power 1209120 12223122239122 20923923 127 father are you there 77779 184 synecdoche 111what Is ilaniianlianman and what he may become 909190 91 purity Is power 1129112 1182011811820920920 138 continued learning key to progress 159 father are you there 18990189 90

248 ABSTRACT

PURPOSE

the main purpose of tristhis study wassyas to deterrdnedeterinine thetho elements of speech style which played the most dominant roles in five of hugh B broisbrounsbrowns addresses presented to the studentstudentbodystudcntbodybody and faculty of the briBrighbrighariiharihanihanlarllariianil younyoung university

PROCEDURE

in order to ascertain the dominant elements of style five addresses ivierewere transcribed from the original tape recordings each speech was examined as to date of address word length of thetho speeches number of sentences andaridarld average number of words per sentence

each speech oaswasiras then analyzed as to tho follofollarifollori ringng categories of0 style 1 lL iifipelliiy11infr motives 2 verbal Dortingsiarstarstansupporting terialaerialmaterialri terialriad 3 facfocfoo UPZSLSors of attentioni0 4 factors of intelliribjintellijbility1i ndd flexflex ibilityibiljylibiiblabilitylity

conclusionsINCLUSIONSCO

1 brown does not have one singlesida Ulo 9 set ststyleyle but rather uses a variety of the various ele-elementsments of modern effective public sneakingspeaking for difdlfdifferdiffordifferentferentforententcnt speeches and occasions 2 the dodidonidonddominantnant impellingimpellin motivesmo tivefive s used by brodrodrombrombrowndrownm in order of dominance terewregre sentasentjsentsenh 1 mentsementsmentsq dowerpoiterpower and selfseifselfxselexdrepreservationoreservation 3 thetrie dominant verbalyglbjll sutyotinsiuxnortinisuTyotinotan material used by brown treretrerowerewero fac

1 2

tual illustration explanation testitestimony and specific instance 4 the doidoldominantinantanant factors of attention used by brounbrobroibrol un were actiaatiactivityactivjty

realreality and familfamilifamiliarityi Is 5 the dominant fifiguresures of speech used by brombrounbrown were climax alliteralbiter ony at-atlon1lonaon9 reretitianretinianrepetitionrepebition netametametaphormebaphorbohorohor aidandald antithesisantiantlthesis 6 brown made abundant use of factors of intellipintelligibilityibilityability and fleydfloydflexjl bilitbailitbilityabilityy whichwhdeh related to the language of his speeches

I1 7 was 7 uhenwhen develoidindevelopingCD a vocal climacilmaclimax browns force decreased but hisas intelliintenliin tensitybensityZ or feeling vaswas increased 8 president brom had no pronunciation Drobproblemslenslems in these speeches he did have a slight number of errors of articulation which I1 believe hereverewere mainly due to his desire to deliver a more appropriate word after he had already begun to say a different word

I1 do not believe the errors occurred because of any sluggishnessucoUCD of his articulators 39 brolbroibrownsm s rate of speaking rancrannrangeded froinfrom moderate to slow and usually was very definite hothoweverever there was rtachtuchtuehnuehmuchmueh variety in his speaking

and his rratete and pbabditchpitch generally conformed to the thoughts spoken 10 aenuhenmenwhen browns pitch tjjtajwasas used for emphasis it was usually lowered rather than raised 11 another noticeable characteristic of browns speaking was his

breakingbroaldnpC of sentencessen bences into small phrases according to the ideas or emotions he desired to express 12 president brown skillfully used elongated vowels or ssyllablesblesbies and the pause to add emphasis or importance to what had been said or to what was about to be said APPRVMAPPROVED

f haihalhairinahchairman0rinah advisory combicomrnitteeee

Jmile i y memberadvisorymember advisory coranitteecorurrunnunitteeattee

oay chainnapChainchaannanChachaimchalmannannap ojymajor Depardepartulldepartmenttulitully