Scandinavian Journal of History SEVERING the TIES – ICELAND's
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Eudo Citizenship Observatory
EUDO CITIZENSHIP OBSERVATORY COUNTRY REPORT: ICELAND Gudni Th. Jóhannesson, Gunnar Thór Pétursson, Thorbjörn Björnsson Revised and updated January 2013 http://eudo-citizenship.eu European University Institute, Florence Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies EUDO Citizenship Observatory Report on Iceland Gudni Th. Jóhannesson,Gunnar Thór Pétursson, Thorbjörn Björnsson Revised and updated January 2013 EUDO Citizenship Observatory Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies in collaboration with Edinburgh University Law School Country Report, RSCAS/EUDO-CIT-CR 2013/8 Badia Fiesolana, San Domenico di Fiesole (FI), Italy © Gudni Th. Jóhannesson,Gunnar Thór Pétursson, Thorbjörn Björnsson This text may be downloaded only for personal research purposes. Additional reproduction for other purposes, whether in hard copies or electronically, requires the consent of the authors. Requests should be addressed to [email protected] The views expressed in this publication cannot in any circumstances be regarded as the official position of the European Union Published in Italy European University Institute Badia Fiesolana I – 50014 San Domenico di Fiesole (FI) Italy www.eui.eu/RSCAS/Publications/ www.eui.eu cadmus.eui.eu Research for the EUDO Citizenship Observatory Country Reports has been jointly supported, at various times, by the European Commission grant agreements JLS/2007/IP/CA/009 EUCITAC and HOME/2010/EIFX/CA/1774 ACIT and by the British Academy Research Project CITMODES (both projects co-directed by the EUI and the University of Edinburgh). The financial support from these projects is gratefully acknowledged. For information about the project please visit the project website at http://eudo-citizenship.eu Iceland Gudni Th. Jóhannesson,Gunnar Thór Pétursson and Thorbjörn Björnsson 1 Introduction Historically, Iceland has been among the world’s most homogenous countries. -
Twenty-Four Conservative-Liberal Thinkers Part I Hannes H
Hannes H. Gissurarson Twenty-Four Conservative-Liberal Thinkers Part I Hannes H. Gissurarson Twenty-Four Conservative-Liberal Thinkers Part I New Direction MMXX CONTENTS Hannes H. Gissurarson is Professor of Politics at the University of Iceland and Director of Research at RNH, the Icelandic Research Centre for Innovation and Economic Growth. The author of several books in Icelandic, English and Swedish, he has been on the governing boards of the Central Bank of Iceland and the Mont Pelerin Society and a Visiting Scholar at Stanford, UCLA, LUISS, George Mason and other universities. He holds a D.Phil. in Politics from Oxford University and a B.A. and an M.A. in History and Philosophy from the University of Iceland. Introduction 7 Snorri Sturluson (1179–1241) 13 St. Thomas Aquinas (1225–1274) 35 John Locke (1632–1704) 57 David Hume (1711–1776) 83 Adam Smith (1723–1790) 103 Edmund Burke (1729–1797) 129 Founded by Margaret Thatcher in 2009 as the intellectual Anders Chydenius (1729–1803) 163 hub of European Conservatism, New Direction has established academic networks across Europe and research Benjamin Constant (1767–1830) 185 partnerships throughout the world. Frédéric Bastiat (1801–1850) 215 Alexis de Tocqueville (1805–1859) 243 Herbert Spencer (1820–1903) 281 New Direction is registered in Belgium as a not-for-profit organisation and is partly funded by the European Parliament. Registered Office: Rue du Trône, 4, 1000 Brussels, Belgium President: Tomasz Poręba MEP Executive Director: Witold de Chevilly Lord Acton (1834–1902) 313 The European Parliament and New Direction assume no responsibility for the opinions expressed in this publication. -
Working Papers in Scandina Vian Syntax
WORKING PAPERS IN SCANDINA VIAN SYNTAX Volume 55 Sten Vikner: V0-to-l0 Mavement and Inflection for Person in AllTenses 1-27 Anders Holmberg and Gorel Sandstrom: Scandinavian Possessive Construerions from a Northem Swedish Viewpoint 29-49 Hoskuldur Thrainsson and Sten Vikner: Modals and Double Modals in the Scandinavian Languages 51-88 Øystein Alexander Vangsnes Referentiality and Argument Positions in leelandie 89-109 June 1995 Working Papers in Scandinavian Syntax Department of Scandinavian Languages Helgonabacken 14 S-223 62 Lund Sweden V0-TO-JO MOVEMENT AND INFLECTION FOR PERSON IN ALL TENSES Sten Vilener Institut furLinguistik/Germanistik, Universitat Stuttgart, Postfach 10 60 37, D-70049 Stuttgart, Germany E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACf Differentways are considered of formulating a conneelion between the strength of verbal inflectional morphology and the obligatory m ovement of the flnite verb to J• (i.e. to the lefl of a medial adverbial or of negation), and two main alternatives are anived at. One is from Rohrbacher (1994:108):V"-to-1• movement iff 151 and 2nd person are distinctively marked at least once. The other will be suggesled insection 3: v•-to-J• mavement iff all"core' tenses are inflectedfor person. It is argued that the latter approach has certain both conceptual and empirical advantages ( e.g. w hen considering the loss of v•-to-J• movement in English). CONTENTS 1. Introduction: v•-to-J• movement ...................................................................................................................................... -
Germanic Standardizations: Past to Present (Impact: Studies in Language and Society)
<DOCINFO AUTHOR ""TITLE "Germanic Standardizations: Past to Present"SUBJECT "Impact 18"KEYWORDS ""SIZE HEIGHT "220"WIDTH "150"VOFFSET "4"> Germanic Standardizations Impact: Studies in language and society impact publishes monographs, collective volumes, and text books on topics in sociolinguistics. The scope of the series is broad, with special emphasis on areas such as language planning and language policies; language conflict and language death; language standards and language change; dialectology; diglossia; discourse studies; language and social identity (gender, ethnicity, class, ideology); and history and methods of sociolinguistics. General Editor Associate Editor Annick De Houwer Elizabeth Lanza University of Antwerp University of Oslo Advisory Board Ulrich Ammon William Labov Gerhard Mercator University University of Pennsylvania Jan Blommaert Joseph Lo Bianco Ghent University The Australian National University Paul Drew Peter Nelde University of York Catholic University Brussels Anna Escobar Dennis Preston University of Illinois at Urbana Michigan State University Guus Extra Jeanine Treffers-Daller Tilburg University University of the West of England Margarita Hidalgo Vic Webb San Diego State University University of Pretoria Richard A. Hudson University College London Volume 18 Germanic Standardizations: Past to Present Edited by Ana Deumert and Wim Vandenbussche Germanic Standardizations Past to Present Edited by Ana Deumert Monash University Wim Vandenbussche Vrije Universiteit Brussel/FWO-Vlaanderen John Benjamins Publishing Company Amsterdam/Philadelphia TM The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements 8 of American National Standard for Information Sciences – Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ansi z39.48-1984. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Germanic standardizations : past to present / edited by Ana Deumert, Wim Vandenbussche. -
The Icelandic Police and the Justice System a Short Introduction
The Icelandic Police and the Justice System A short introduction The National Commissioner of Police The Office of the National Commissioner of Police at Skúlagata 21, Reykjavík Published by: The National Commissioner of the Icelandic Police Skúlagata 21, 101 Reykjavík, Iceland Telephone: +354 570 2500 Fax: +354 570 2501 Website: www.rls.is and www.logreglan.is E-mail: [email protected] Editor: Guðmundur Guðjónsson, Chief Superintendent Photos: Foto.is sf, Júlíus Sigurjónsson and Júlíus Óli Einarsson Cover photo: Police keeping the peace at a sports game (Foto.is sf. Júlíus Sigurjónsson) Bicentenary logo: Anna Þóra Árnadóttir, Nonni og Manni/Ydda Design: Júlíus Óli Einarsson and Svansprent ehf Printed by: Svansprent ehf Publication date: September 2005 Iceland: The Country and the Nation Iceland is a volcanic island situated in the northwest part of Europe, just below the Arctic Circle. The island is volcanic and is 103,000 square kilometres. Most built-up areas are scattered around the coastline which is 4,970 km long. On 31 December 2004 the number of inhabitants was 293.577. The population is not evenly distributed and about 180,000 persons reside in Reykjavík, the capital, and the neighbouring communities. An evening view from the Barðaströnd coast in Western Iceland. Icelanders are of Scandinavian, Irish and Scottish origin. The first people known to have visited Iceland were Irish monks or hermits, but they left with the arrival of the pagan Norsemen who settled in Iceland in the period 870-930 AD. The Icelandic language dates back to Ancient Norse. Executive power lies with the President of the Republic and the Government. -
Introduction to the New Edition of Niels Ege's 1993 Translation Of
Introduction to the New Edition of Niels Ege’s 1993 Translation of Rasmus Rask’s Prize Essay of 1818 Frans Gregersen To cite this version: Frans Gregersen. Introduction to the New Edition of Niels Ege’s 1993 Translation of Rasmus Rask’s Prize Essay of 1818. 2013. hprints-00786171 HAL Id: hprints-00786171 https://hal-hprints.archives-ouvertes.fr/hprints-00786171 Preprint submitted on 7 Feb 2013 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Introduction to the New Edition of Niels Ege’s 1993 Translation of Rasmus Rask’s Prize Essay of 1818* 1. Introduction This edition constitutes a photographic reprint of the English edition of Rasmus Rask‘s prize essay of 1818 which appeared as volume XXVI in the Travaux du Cercle Linguistique de Copenhague in 1993. The only difference, besides the new front matter, is the present introduction, which serves to introduce the author Rasmus Rask, the man and his career, and to contextualize his famous work. It also serves to introduce the translation and the translator, Niels Ege (1927–2003). The prize essay was published in Danish in 1818. In contrast to other works by Rask, notably his introduction to the study of Icelandic (on which, see further below), it was never reissued until Louis Hjelmslev (1899–1965) published a corrected version in Danish as part of his edition of Rask‘s selected works (Rask 1932). -
The Innovative Character of Late Medieval Icelandic Translations the Case of Merlínússpá
Historisch Tijdschrift Groniek, 210 - Vernieuwing Arend Elias Oostindiër The Innovative Character of Late Medieval Icelandic Translations The Case of Merlínússpá Thirteenth-century Iceland saw great political and social change, which is reflected in the literary developments of that time. Translations mediated novelty (new narratives, genres, discourses) and were used to express reflections on novelty. The translation Merlínússpá shows that Icelanders needed a discourse to express their feelings about the new political situation after the end of the Commonwealth (c.1264) that fitted their literary expectations on the level of genre. On a more abstract level this shows that Icelanders were well aware of the potential of the written word, the nuances of different types of discourse, and the power of translation. Introduction Thirteenth-century Iceland is characterized by great political and social changes. Literary developments on Iceland reflect an awareness of novelty, and I will argue that translations in particular had an important function in society, as they both mediated novelty (providing new narratives, genres and discourses) and were a medium through which reflections on novelty could be expressed. As a concept, “novelty” can serve many purposes in different contexts. In this article it is not understood as self-renewal, but rather as change, as something that was not the case before. Change is always embedded in a context that remains more or less similar but that is also affected by the new. The extent to which novelty influences its context, the relation between the new and this context and the way people reflected upon the new, are the 15 Oostindiër main themes of this article. -
Iceland's External Affairs in the Middle Ages: the Shelter of Norwegian Sea
FRÆÐIGREINAR STJÓRNMÁL & STJÓRNSÝSLA Iceland’s external affairs in the Middle Ages: The shelter of Norwegian sea power Baldur Þórhallsson , Professor of Political Science, University of Iceland Abstract According to the international relations literature, small countries need to form an alliance with larger neighbours in order to defend themselves and be economically sustainable. This paper applies the assumption that small states need economic and political shelter in order to prosper, economically and politically, to the case of Iceland, in an historical context. It analyses whether or not Iceland, as a small entity/country in the Middle Ages (from the Settle ment in the 9 th and 10 th centuries until the late 14 th century) enjoyed political and economic shelter provided by its neighbouring states. Admitting that societies were generally much more self-sufficient in the Middle Ages than in our times, the paper argues that Iceland enjoyed essential economic shelter from Norwegian sea power, particularly as regards its role in securing external market access. On the other hand, the transfer of formal political authority from Iceland to the Norwegian crown was the political price paid for this shelter, though the Icelandic domestic elite, at the time, may have regarded it as a political cover. The country’s peripheral location shielded it both from military attacks from outsiders and the king’s day-to-day interference in domestic affairs. That said, the island was not at all unexposed to political and social developments in the British Isles and on the European continent, e.g. as regards the conversion to Christianity and the formation of dynastic and larger states. -
Chapter 21 Imagining the Holy Land in the Old Norse World
Mikael Males Chapter 21 Imagining the Holy Land in the Old Norse World In Old Norse literature as elsewhere in the literature of medieval Europe, many im- ages of Jerusalem and the Holy Land are to be found, not mutually exclusive, but rather adding to a range of functions and meanings. In an Icelandic twelfth-century itinerary, we encounter the pious pilgrim, admiring the blood of Christ on the ground where the cross had stood. From twelfth-century Orkney, by contrast, we have runic and poetic evidence of boastful Viking crusaders, belittling the cowards who stayed at home and viewing the concept of the Holy Land through the lens of the world of the sagas. In thirteenth-century Iceland, we find a peculiar version of the Holy Land in a local setting, fully integrated into Icelandic saga style. As late converts on the fringe of the known world, the Nordic peoples were removed in time and space from the events and sites that mattered most to salvation. In the Orcadian and Icelandic material, we see a creative negotiation of both the spatial and temporal distance. This chapter focuses on the attitudes to Jerusalem and the Holy Land found in some Old Norse sources, as well as the strategies used for mak- ing them, as it were, domestic. The first obvious act of domestication lies in the name Jerusalem itself, which in Old Norse was called Jórsalir. This is apparently the result of a reanalysis of the name, and it is likely that the name meant something like “royal halls” or “the city of the king” at the time of imposition. -
Christian Theology and the Laws of King Magnus the Lawmender of Norway, 1261-1281
Western Michigan University ScholarWorks at WMU Master's Theses Graduate College 8-2019 A Kingdom of Co-Inherence: Christian Theology and the Laws of King Magnus the Lawmender of Norway, 1261-1281 Dillon Richard Frank Knackstedt Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses Part of the European History Commons, and the History of Religion Commons Recommended Citation Knackstedt, Dillon Richard Frank, "A Kingdom of Co-Inherence: Christian Theology and the Laws of King Magnus the Lawmender of Norway, 1261-1281" (2019). Master's Theses. 4726. https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses/4726 This Masters Thesis-Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate College at ScholarWorks at WMU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at WMU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A KINGDOM OF CO-INHERENCE: CHRISTIAN THEOLOGY AND THE LAWS OF KING MAGNUS THE LAWMENDER OF NORWAY, 1261-1281 by D.R.F. Knackstedt A thesis submitted to the Graduate College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts History Western Michigan University July 2019 Thesis Committee: Robert Berkhofer III, Ph.D., Chair Jana Schulman, Ph.D. Sally Hadden, Ph.D. © D.R.F. Knackstedt 2019 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS No thesis would be complete without the litany of names of which Hilaire Belloc speaks in The Path to Rome. The first kernel of this thesis came while I was reading Christopher Dawson’s The Mang of Europe, when he briefly discussed King Cnut’s laws. -
Oath-Taking and Oath-Breaking in Medieval Lceland and Anglo-Saxon England
Western Michigan University ScholarWorks at WMU Dissertations Graduate College 12-2014 Bound by Words: Oath-taking and Oath-breaking in Medieval lceland and Anglo-Saxon England Gregory L. Laing Western Michigan University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/dissertations Part of the English Language and Literature Commons, Medieval History Commons, and the Medieval Studies Commons Recommended Citation Laing, Gregory L., "Bound by Words: Oath-taking and Oath-breaking in Medieval lceland and Anglo-Saxon England" (2014). Dissertations. 382. https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/dissertations/382 This Dissertation-Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate College at ScholarWorks at WMU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at WMU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. BOUND BY WORDS: THE MOTIF OF OATH-TAKING AND OATH-BREAKING IN MEDIEVAL ICELAND AND ANGLO-SAXON ENGLAND by Gregory L. Laing A Dissertation submitted to the Graduate College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy English Western Michigan University December 2014 Doctoral Committee: Jana K. Schulman, Ph.D., Chair Eve Salisbury, Ph.D. Larry Hunt, Ph.D. Paul E. Szarmach, Ph.D. BOUND BY WORDS: THE MOTIF OF OATH-TAKING AND OATH-BREAKING IN MEDIEVAL ICELAND AND ANGLO-SAXON ENGLAND Gregory L. Laing, Ph.D. Western Michigan University, 2014 The legal and literary texts of early medieval England and Iceland share a common emphasis on truth and demonstrate its importance through the sheer volume of textual references. -
MEIR GOLDSCHMIDT and the MAIN CURRENTS in 19TH-CENTURY JUDAISM' University of Illinois
Nordisk Judaistik • Scandinavian Jewish Studies Vol. zz, No. 1, zoo', 7-45 MEIR GOLDSCHMIDT AND THE MAIN CURRENTS IN 19TH-CENTURY JUDAISM' KENNETH H. OBER University of Illinois — ce— ABSTRACT Although the noted nineteenth-century Danish-Jewish writer Meir Goldschmidt (1819-1887) made his entry into literature with a novel on Jewish themes, his later novels treated non-Jewish subjects, and his Jewish heritage appea- red progressively to recede into the background of his public image. Literary his- torians have paid little attention to his complex perception of his own Jewishness and have made no effort to discover the immense significance he himself felt that Judaism had for his life and for his literary works. Moreover, no previous study has comprehensively treated Goldschmidt's far-reaching network of interrelationships with an astonishing number of other major Jewish cultural figures of nineteenth- century Europe. During his restless travels crisscrossing Europe, which were facilita- ted by his phenomenal knowledge of the major European languages, he habitually sought out and associated with the leading Jewish figures in literature, the arts, journalism, and religion, but this fact and the resulting mutually influential con- nections he formed have been overlooked and ignored. This is the first focussed and documented study of the Jewish aspect of Goldschmidt's life, so vitally important to Goldschmidt himself and so indispensable to a complete understanding of his place in Danish and in world literatures. Meïr Goldschmidt (1819-87) was the most noted and successful Danish prose writer of the mid-19th century (Hans Christian Andersen's and Søren Kierkegaard's major works fall into their own special genres).