Modified Northern Common Centre Theory: an Attendant Issue on Origin and Migration of Ndiigbo in the Early 21St Century-Linguists Contribution

www.idosr.org Longinus and Onuora ©IDOSR PUBLICATIONS International Digital Organization for Scientific Research ISSN: 2579-0765 IDOSR JOURNAL OF CURRENT ISSUES IN SOCIAL SCIENCES 7(1): 1-10, 2021. Modified Northern Common Centre Theory: An Attendant Issue on Origin and Migration of Ndiigbo in the early 21st Century-Linguists Contribution. Longinus Chukwuemeka Chinagorom1 and Onuora Ngozi Theresa2 1Department of Linguistics and Igbo Faculty of Humanities Imo State University, Owerri 2Department of Languages/Linguistics/Literary Studies/Theatre Arts Federal University, Ndufu-Alike, Ikwo, Ebonyi State, Nigeria

ABSTRACT The controversies bedeviling the question of uniqueness, identity and assimilation of people of Africa, which are borne out of the consequences of humanity’s quest for survival that have sparked off several noted revolutions, have given birth to the clarion call for a methodological cum systematic approach to the roots and branches of various peoples of the earth. The recent upsurge for self determination and referendum among distinct ethnic and linguistic groups need not be nipped in the bud; rather the attendant issue of showcasing genuine identities of peoples has become very relevant. In this early 21st Century, the challenges of directing and redirecting the dynamics of Igbo Civilization characterized by its autochthonous and primordial parlance of Ndiokpu na Ndiegede , projected lucidly in terms of self determination/Biafra Restoration and intent motivation for Ndiigbo to exhibit an inherent urge to develop resources towards contributing their quota in the domain of Globalization and current Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), spurs us to revisit some noted theories on the origin and migration of the Igbo. This paper tends to reassess the Northern Common Centre Theory; as among the most popular Schools of Thought on ground. We intend to identify some of the aberrations and most confusing statements about Igbo origin and migration that have been in vogue in some quarters. It is also an effort at appraising some honest inputs made by Scholars both indigenous and expatriates on Igbo History and authentic commitments to human existence. The fruit of this study is expected to correct anomalies among scholars who carry wrong notions about Ndiigbo to redress their steps, especially those who are at the top echelon of scholarship but are dearth of systematic and qualitative academic endeavours, less reality be wronged perennially and Igbo Civilization that has ab initio carved a niche in the global atlas might witness lamentable retardation.

Keywords: Revolution, 21st century, Ndiigbo, Migration and Theory.

INTRODUCTION The 21st century is more and to be reckoned with as it is more extending its tentacles to other rapidly extending its spheres into areas of scholarship. It is indeed other domains of discourse and embracing the various fields of diverse problems in relation to the human endeavours as tools for unprecedented scope and advancement and furtherance of its applicability in language related attendant motive towards achieving matters and information sustainable development goals. Thus communication technologies (ICTs). the 21st century and the 3rd millennium Today, the obvious phenomenal strides could be said to be motivated by the of migration and emigration among looming challenges of interdisciplinary peoples, no doubt spurs conscientious realities of achieving the required minds to raise questions on the synergy or their lucid interface on raison d’ etre of such movements. ground. In the same vein, This is made cogent when it is Linguistics as a relatively new undoubtable that it challenges discipline spearheaded by the Swiss traditionalnotionofaborigines,citizenshi born Linguist, Ferdinand de Saussure p,indignity,domicile hybridization. The (1857-1913), has become a science latent cinareo makes ethnologists,

www.idosr.org Longinus and Onuora historians, geographers and Linguists out of noted theories and to make enquires about the hypotheses, is aimed at presenting survival of hostcommunities, a picture that could help in forging environmental degradation and the unity among the Igbo, nay Africa, a once preservation of those human- neglected continent and even help in related issues such as cultural reshaping the thinking pattern of the heritage, preservation of the global community that is people’s authentic histories, arts, currently bedeviled by one form of religions,linguistic features, struggle, call it referendum; for either literatures,philosophies, or worldviews, autonomy or secession or even performances and the totality of their unification. Hence, the choice of existence. Most probably we may allege using linguistic correspondences and that it is as a result of negligence on sameness is borne out of the fact the part of the individuals to tackle that according to Adiele Afigbo a this problems for decades that could renowned historian and a have led to an upsurge of agitations quintessential personality of Igbo among races and ethnic nationalities studies; the problem of the origin of towards the recurrent moves for self the Igbo -Speaking peoples and how determination and revisiting the they came to occupy that portion on configuration in the guise of where we now find them “… cannot formerly identified nations and hope to reach definite conclusions countries, since it is obvious that until more evidence is thrown up unexamined life is not worth living. by linguistic and archeological research” Succinctly, the issue of Biafra [1]. The avowed attestation by no Restoration that has surfaced at its peak less a personality of this repute today calls for a thorough attracts our attention to the fact that investigation on their status quo in such insight had not received due the global community and among the assessment. It also provokes us to League of Nations. Maybe, it is tap from the current advantages possible that an in-depth investigation derived from the trends arising has not been made so far with from the reawakened consciousness regard to the puzzles surrounding with regard to the revolutions the origin, migration and settlement sparked off in the late 19th and early of Ndiigbo, or that an appropriate 20th Centuries in the field of theory or hypothesis has not been used scholarship. This is appropriately to address some of the controversies projected under the epoch known recycling around the issue in question. as Linguistic turn or literary Revolution The desire to pick a Modified [2]. Northern Common Centre Theory Theories on Origin and Migration In systematic discourse, theorem (or consequences that are directly theories) takes a prominent place. This testable. When they are favorable, the is so because human knowledge topic are said to confirm the hypothesis. is boundless and its horizon Logically, since hypothesis implies remains inexhaustible. Thus theories its consequences and since false when viewed broadly are statements propositions can be implied only by that can be proved by logical deduction false propositions, a single negative from a set of axioms. Thus once proved, instance can invalidate a hypothesis. it can be used to prove other theories However, since hypotheses are actually to build a system of theories. parts of systems of propositions, they Theories can also have some levels are usually parts of propositions. of relatedness with hypothesis Indeed, a theory or hypothesis can especially in scientific work, which sometimes be saved by making are propositions assumed to be true suitable adjustments elsewhere in the but are put forward to account for system. This brings us to the issue in and order a body of facts. However, in our discourse with regard to the use of core scientific contexts, hypotheses the word “Modified”. What it entails are seldom capable of direct test but is that the Northern Common Centre are tested indirectly by deducing Theory has been in vogue both

www.idosr.org Longinus and Onuora universally and specifically on Igbo mythologies and in some instances origin and migration. What we tend to based on scientific findings. put across here is that a theory or hypothesis can be acceptable when it Basing on this premise, some does in fact explain the body fact in theories have been made popular in question or is so formulated that contemporary epoch while some have consequences may be logically been debunked as appearing archaic deduced from it. It can also manifest and baseless by scientific consistency with existing well confirmed advancement and technological norm. At this point, the theory in breakthrough on the domain question would appear more fruitful of researches and scholarship. Some than some already exiting theories in noted theories include; the accounting for a longerrange of facts, anthropological theory, evolution as well as in motivating scholars for theory, Judeo- Christian theory, further lines of enquiry. Hence, that autochthonous theory, negro upheld theory despite that it appears theory, and the northern common clearer can also be more centre theory etc.Scholars of economical than other existing anthropology, especially since the 19th theories. This economic parlance century to the middle of the 20th makes the facts surrounding the century have come up with the idea of argument to be equally well the homo sapiens as an offshoot confirmed. It is important to state of the hominids development which that in pure and applied sciences, it has been given several names is characteristic of their nature such as Australopithecus,which has that no hypothesis is been estimated to have existed for presumed to be so certain as never to be about 200 million years ago. It is held subjected to possible revision or by them that the age of humans rejection. In this sense, the whole surfaced when a being emerged that of science is hypothetical. This is was able to carry its body upright why a study can be observational and and began to walk on his two feet could not show conclusively that a without holding anything or theory or hypothesis is certain. toddling again (referred to as homo Nevertheless, through history and erectus). This theory of origin is language evidence has shown that adopted by some evolutionary schools. there are phenomenal changes in It tends to pave way for man’s terms of formal notation; evolution. rather, scholars are meant to come There are various ideas about the place to terms with the fact that different of the actual location, but recent works changes in life may be deduced have come to focus on Africa for the fact through in-depth investigation. Hence, that researches are revealing that the development of peoples such as species found in Africa appeared Ndiigbo may be traceable through the more human with bigger brain procedural assessments, starting from with features of language and the prehistoric to the present status communicative competency and even quo. organizational acumen which Due to the undeniable facts about enhanced coordinated abilities. the dynamic nature of humans, The researchers predict that their effort at upholding one particular approximated locations are around theory in isolation of other schools of the areas known today as Ethiopia, thought had always made a Kenya, Tanzania, Rwanda and other researcher to appear myopic and surrounding regions of the Sudanese would in turn yield a hazy confluence. It is believed that at generalization. It is undisputable this stage of development, that since humanity has existed from humanity was able and ready to time immemorial, theories of man’s take control of the universe, carry origin and migration can only be out migrations into other regions, based either on archeological evidence especially when circumstances called or oral tradition; involving myths and for it.

www.idosr.org Longinus and Onuora It is this circumstances that motivated theory establishes the point that them to migrate or emigrate, before the 20th century, due to the while atmospheric conditions helped domination of the domain of to the various changes of skin scholarship by Western colonization, differences. The evolution theory there were no mention of Africa or tends to somehow agree to the the black world as the cradle of above, but makes a slight difference humanity nay civilization, by claiming that the emergence was stories about man’s origin was from the ape to homo sapiens, This virtually intertwined with the Judeo- theory was made very popular by Christian idea of man’s origin, with Charles Darwin in his book The Origin of no effort at founding who Adam Species. For some scholars, after and Eve were or where they first about two and half million years ago existed. However, the idea held today it emerged with a higher level of brain in some academic cycle that man’s structure more than that of the ape, that evolution is associated with Negro was why it was able to make tools (Africa) or black race or dark for survival, undergo sophistication skinned is a later development which as challenges evolve in times. This seems to appraise most of the theory with its attendant logic has been theories and hypotheses on human criticized by scholars who argue that if origin [4]. According to this view, the man came into being from ape class Negro species stand primordial in about two million years ago why the chronicles of human evolution, in haven’t man evolved into another being. such a way that facts have come to The Judeo- Christian theory based substantiate that the Negro evolution on biblical data and holds that produced the oldest human creature. human existence is not by chance This theory awaits more evidence but that initially the earth was to convince scholars. formless void but at a time the Creator The Northern Common Centre Theory God began to create, man was eventually has been held by various scholars, created as a superior creature with the some who claim this hypothesis are plan to be in control of all created likening the human origin and things in the universe (Gen. 1:26-29). migration to the Judeo-Christian theory, This theory has been modified in while others call it the Hellenistic Christian history, that man’s privilege theory, and some identify with the of being created in the image and Hamito-Semitic hypothesis. For these likeness of God was lost through schools of thought, their views tend to original sin, but redemption came to base on the origin of man to the humanity through Jesus Christ, the Northern hemisphere, but for some Incarnate Son (Mtt 1:1- 36, Lk 1:38-45). there are serious allusion to the The autochthonous theory is derived Biblical creation story that makes from the view that humanity has mention of Tygres and Euphrates been old in existence, through rivers as popular geographical primitive culture, in such a way that features of the time. Thus human humans no longer have clear vision then moved from the North of their initial stages. Thusmany towards other dispersals. [5], [6] etc claim that instead of asking of how lay claim that this is the major route- humans migrated to be where they passage of the human person, and they are, we can lay claim that human claim that the Igbo race and others sprout at a time from no entity to followed this track to be associated continue to exist. with the people of Israel of the Bible It is referred in Igbo as mfunala or Jewish history and the Hebrew or mpunala, without the pretence of descendant. However, having examined pinning human origin and existence this theory, we tend to establish that to any historical date or associating their allusion to the northern routes of him to any evolution processes. This origin and migration appears banal theory has been criticized by historians and thus calls for a modification. and scientists as a product of mere This brings us to the issue of our fabrication; borne out of the lost of discourse, that the Modified historical exigencies [1, 2, 3].The Negro Northern Common Centre Theory:

www.idosr.org Longinus and Onuora An attendant issue on the origin key to where to look for the origin of the and migration of Ndiigbo in the 21st Igbo peoples. As a result of “push” and century seems to be a better panacea, “pull” migrations resulted to the Igbo coming with some linguistic evidence. moving downwards. Excavations at Nok Attendant Issues on the Igbo origin, commonly referred today as Nok Migration and Settlement Studies show Terracotta - located around the that paleontologists ponder over their present day Kafanchan (Uzukwu, fossils; archeologists turn over ancient 2009),Ugwu Nsuka (1967),Ugwuele(1970) stones whereas scholars of the Eziukwu Ukpa rock shelter near linguistics dig deeper into the search for Afikpo (Ehugbo), where archeologists human origin with a systematic have dug up stone tools and pottery assessment of the roots of the known shreds whose radio carbon dating of peoples and their languages. As about 2,933BC, showing human activity already indicated above, of all the of considerable antiquity. This theories x- rayed, we seem likely to particular Ugwuele excavation carried come up with a modification of the out by J.O. Ijeoma and F.N. Anozie Northern common Centre Theory. from the Department of History and This theory does not dispute about Archeology University of Nigeria, the existence of man but tends to Nsuka, in conjunction with some British incorporate the afore mentioned archeologists, identified the Uturu theories (maybe with no credence to Civilization. The research/discovery the Darwinian school of thought on revealed that the stone has been there “chance”).The question before them is for 1.6 metres in the year 500,000BC. that man has always moved This therefore indicates that the downwards through the Northern axis, Ugwuele habitation is much more and as such Ndiigbo must have equally older than any other civilization so far adopted the same pattern. But the discovered in the world, including the divergence comes from the point of “famous” ancient Egypt and associating Igbo origin and migration Mesopotania [10]. These and other grill from the Hamito- Semitichypothesis areas came to justify that it is the of the lost tribe of Israel [7], [8], [9]. same Negro aborigines (Ndigboo) Such claimant affiliating the origin who moved towards the Atlantic as a and migration of Ndiigbo as from result of the incursions and the Egypt or East should be ready to hazards of the Sahara desert. delineate what is meant by these terms. Today, it is established that Igbo The question of whom the Igbo are land spreads from the Elugwu (from and where they came from has where comes the name Enugwu Ezike) been an ongoing discussion among in the North or the Nsuka confluence to scholars, especially because of the the low land(from where comes the preliterate culture of Ndiigbo and name Ukwuani or Ukwuali) in the likewise others too. The state of South or the Delta confluence. Thus Igbo studies has advanced to the emerges the ideas of the “mega Igbo” extent where the origin of the Igbo and the “micro Igbo” expanding from people should be sought within and what is regarded today as the lower not outside Africa. To state our facts, we Benue Plateau in the Northern axis come up with a view that the Northern and then to the Atlantic ocean in the common centre theory has come to a south [11]. The opinion of this discourse point when it needed to be clearly is that such data give enough evidence stated. Thus, the Igbo are a major to substantiate that the civilization of brand of the Negro race which we Ndiigbo should be undeniably be refer to as “ndi gboo” whose accorded the same hierarchical progenitors’ emergence are traceable status with the cradle of human to areas along the latitude of Asselar civilization. The carbon dating of the regions on the Northern fringe of the artifacts cited above indicates Savanna. What it means then is that thatthey were ruins of ancient where the Negro race originated from civilization by the Homo Erectus as identified as the autochthonous (fore-runner of the present Homo species, is equally where Ndiigbo Sapiens). The thrust of the matter is that existed, and that holds water and the the Igbo people have been in the

www.idosr.org Longinus and Onuora theatre of human civilization for filled through linguistic evidence that several millennia, with expenses could eventually give the puzzles on the of natural and manmade phenomenal origin and migration of Ndiigbo a lasting realities and eventualities. Succinctly, and concrete clarification.This our attention is drawn to the fact that postulation is fully supported by scholars of high repute such as [12],[13] our discussion in this study, with a [14] etc are of the opinion that there linguistic touch. seems to be a lacuna which can only be The Question of Linguistic Factor The evidence supplied through started dispersing about 6000 to 5000 the various schools of thought as years before the common era (CE). In mentioned above, as having been their separate works, [2] and [3] diluted the migration grill of the equally buttressed the fact of linguistic Igbo; which could also be evidence that the“Kwa” classification categorized under initial beginning by [12] portrayed the primordial (origin), primary migration traceable extant of the Igbo pointing out the to the Negro primordial instant, below digging of artifacts at Ugwu Nsuka and the belt lying along the latitude of the result of the Carbon 14 Asselar (Northwest Timbuktu) and confirmed that the material (dating Khartoum, to the secondary about 2555 BC) portrayed Ndiigbo to migration through the Eluugwu (Nsuka have a distinct linguistic presence of axis) and then the tertiary migration/ about six thousand years ago. [4], [5] movements that are on-going. There and [8] are in agreement that is need for a linguist’s contribution linguistic and archeological to respond to the above academic evidence could give a very substantial humility that has been manifested information on the aborigine and the by the above mentioned scholars initial movement of Ndiigbo via the who have the benign regards for the Northern axis or the Sudanic vitality of Igbo studies and the better confluence. Indeed, one of the placement of Ndiigbo in the context outstanding positions we have come of global development and the to hold today that the Hamitico- emancipation of the Igbo today. The semitic hypothesis could take another question the two nomenclatures of dimension by presenting that out “ndi” and “gboo” raise form the of the same autochthonous people terminological arrow head of the Igbo “Ndigboo” sprout the ancestors of the drive from their original Hebrew [2]. It should be of note that autochthonous home land of the up to date no precise etymological Afro-Niger-Congo and Nile Basins [15]. realization has been accorded the This initial people or the ancient people name Hebrew. [8], commented on the “Ndigboo”, were the same with the widely accepted view that the Semitic paleo-Igbo, the Etheopus (Black race). speaking people arrived in the Horn of Agyptos (Brown skin), and Sudanic Africa at the end of the first people. [16], claims that: the name millennium BC. Hence, crossing the Sudan means “black people”. [17] a red sea, after having left their German Linguist and an anthropologist homeland on the Arabian Peninsula who did series of works on they migrated into the area of today’s Linguistic classifications of the world Ethiopia and Eritrea. There they between 1911-1927, supports the underwent an extensive linguistic and Sudanic confluence, through classifying extra linguistic influence with the Igbo language as a major point of Cushite speaking people. They argued the Sudanic language families, that, this should be on the opposite although he makes allusion to the direction. [9] is in line with the view Bantu languages, which equally is an that Ndiigbo are among the aborigines. offshoot of the Igbo language The work lays claim to scientific stretching towards the Kamoroun river. reports on the origin of human species, This position was supported and and suggests that it should help to put concretized by [19], establishing an end to the speculation over the the existence of the Igbo among the bizarre ancestry of man. The account of “Kwa” sub-language family which one oldest civilization that existed

www.idosr.org Longinus and Onuora known as Moe civilization is an experiment was carried out in associated with the land of the black the 15th century AD by James IV of people, which equivalently Scotland, after which he explained substantiates the affinity of Ndiigbo that his specimen spoke Hebrew. to the cradles of man’s civilization. Here there is need to come to task Ohiri-Anichie (2004 a and b) express with philological and diachronic view that Igbo language linguistics. There is need to enquire plays a substantial role in identifying more about the understanding of who the Igbo are and where they what the investigator saw that led to started and where they are today. the view of naming the specimen to the The works emphasize on Hebrew. Thus with some latest the phonologization of most of the developmental indices, in the field of languages of the Benue-Congo historical and comparative linguistics, confluence of the existence of the possibility of looking towards similar shifting of lenis consonants the Igbo language as a to their non-lenis counterparts in protolanguage of an autochthonous most lects across language groups. people Ndigboo, there is need to hold Thus, establishing with linguistic that the result of the investigation features genetic relationships among tilts towards the Igbo language being a African languages especially those that better answer for the search for a have not been so much affected by primordial language nay proto Igbo, [8]. the incursion of the Arabs along The Igbo-Ukwu excavation has the Benue-Congo sub-family [5]. Again some inscriptions that backed up [5] through wider scope in the field of the relatedness of the written records historical and comparative linguistics of the Sumerians, and Hebrews, with affirms that linguistic evidence the proto Igbo, showing that the Igbo gives credibility to Ndiigbo sharing a Language was the mother language. It is common Negro African ancestry with an established fact in the domains of some other language groups of the Historical and Comparative Linguistics Benue-Congo sub-family, positing a that when words from two or more common genetic relationship across separate languages share similarities the West and Southern African in sound and meaning, it is a sign of languages. She affirms that the term borrowing or common origin [2]. Ndiigbo, which with both terms Basing on this fact, we have found “Ndi” and “Igbo” can be traced to out that several languages of the the“Kwa” roots. Also with a globe share similar sounds and substantial amount of similarity of lexis semantic closeness with those of the on the basic vocabulary across Igbo Igbo language. Indeed, there is and some other evidence that languages retain languages of the new Benue-Congo through thousands of years some sub-family, that evidence abounds for affinity, traces of culture and the claim that the speakers of the historical experiences they have lived in above languages must have had a the course of millennia. common ancestry. [7], reports that An Appraisal Oral tradition and the legendary of outright rejection of enthusiastic the origin of peoples remain allusions to disputable by scholars, but the fact subjecting the origin and migration remains that the question of origin and grill to what we tag “Nriology”, migration and the attendant theories thereby turning the question of the and hypotheses are itching for relationship between Ndiigbo and confirmation. The question of upholding the Hebrews ancestors upside down the Northern common centre theory is and claiming that the Igbo are the lost based on the fact that it seems to carry tribe of Israel or the descendant of Eri along all phenomenal indices with [12],[7]. We vehemently criticize regard to human origin without this as sensational statements that appearing banal or superficial. hold no water only aligning oneself to However the modification that we the idea of Jewish affinity of Jesus deemed necessary comes from our Christ. As we have pointed out

www.idosr.org Longinus and Onuora scholars of Igbo studies and some Igbo names are mutilated or civilization have debunked this through the artificial creations hypothesis. The allusion is viewed and mutilation of the region, and as fabricated mythical concoction even fiery distinct and mutual spearheaded by the Nri people antagonism propelled by the enemies who through the Nri hegemony super of the Igbo people. The balkanization impose patrilineal stories and came and the denationalization policy up with the assumption that lack especially before and after the appropriate evidence and the idea Biafra/Nigeria war have remained appears to be basing on inimical to the growth and peaceful insufficient data and hazy coexistence of the aboriginals in their generalization. own lands which for ages has been The modification undertaken in our known as Biafra land [2]. Today, one discourse on the origin and begins to draw attention to the migration issues on the Igbo may looming calls by most indigenous serve as a likely panacea to the peoples for their self determination; puzzles of the initial existence of the Kurds in the Middle East, the Ndiigbo and the subsequent Ambazonia from the Cameroons, the migrations and movements and Catalonians from Spain the Scottish even dispersal with their primary point from United Kingdom (Britain) and of call. In the Northern Igbo others that are warming up. This fringes and confluence areas, prior to upsurge can attract the attention of other migration as a result of the historians to go back to the drawing pressures of “push” and “pull” of board and reexamine the histories population which according to [5] are that are documented on the migration phenomena. [2] bemoans the building of nations in Europe attitude of slashing the geographical beginning from the 11th century and linguistic horizons of Ndiigbo onwards. Again, the various partitioning that have led to many people being of African peoples by the European constantly demerged from their nations borne of the Brussels Igbo family ties. This kind of attitude agreement of the Berlin has been regarded as a dangerous conference between 1884-1886, and move towards the balkanization of the the subsequent struggles on the parts Igbo geo-political areas. This incident of the indigenous peoples of Africa has become recurrent that those who to liberate themselves from the are aware of history are endemic of subjugation of their colonial masters, the consequences. The attendant call for reassessment. The lucid depopulation antics of those who are unprecedented marginalization and bent on the marginalization of the Igbo other inhuman treatments the Igbo people need much to be desired. people are experiencing currently seem Because of their inordinate desire to have sparked off the hue and cry to to ensure subjugation and fast track the Restoration of Biafra disunification of Igbo lands they as an Indigenous People that have apply the method of disintegration of existed even before the emergence the Igbo people. Today the enemies of of the British Protectorates and the region are using all the available eventual amalgamation of 1914 by means, such as; pretentious Fredrick Lord Lugard. imported religions through which CONCLUSION The interpretations of history and the identified theories in our discourse other related issues ought not to be can only be justified when we come to viewed as meaningless chance but terms with the incessant a rational process. Again it amounts phenomenon of migration. What appears to error against humanity’s progressive humanly is that circumstances compel dynamics when there is an effort at people to move. We came up with the isolating the essence of the view that there is need to state authenticity of peoples and races and properly how the Northern common establishing their place in a centre theory appears more developmental dialectics. However, convincing for the establishment of how

www.idosr.org Longinus and Onuora the Igbo came to be where they are to setting civilization and today. The modification we presented developmental strides at a tight corner. calls for more scholarly inputs by We observe that why it is necessary to some other researchers. There is nip in the bud those discreditable need to debunk those blanket and theories with regards to the nature sensational theories that often appear and reality of Ndiigbo, good stands superficial but fail to hold water on could be drawn from the view point the genuineness of the Igbo and their that echoes of the drumbeats arising systematic history and other from various corners of the world, interdisciplinary pursuits. There is could lead to unrestricted urgent need to establish facts that reassessment of racial autonomy and would help to ameliorate those the resurgence of the call for frivolous myths and fabricated self determination. This at some point sweet sounding theories that are devoid could lead to redesigning and of real scholarly contributions but refashioning of nation states and go on to compound issues about the peoples of the various unique real facts on origin and migration of identities. This would positively and Ndiigbo. There is need again to posit practically reduce acrimonies among that any attempt to go on and on to humans who might even agree to align with abnormal ideological path ways and still agree to be good framework would not lead to neighbours to their former reasonable output, thereby instigating amalgamated groups [2]. confusion whose fruit only amounts REFERENCES 1.Chinagorom, L.C.(2009). 7.Ogbukagu, IK. N. (2001). The Igbo “Restructuring Nigeria into Viable and the Riddles of their Jewish Regions for Integral Developmentin Origins. Nigeria: the 21st Century: A Linguistic Gain”.Proceedings of 7th 8.Chobikate Nigeri Ekwemmuo, International Symposium ofWhelan E.I.(2003). Eri the Progenitor of Igbo Research Academy. Owere:December 14- Race, Culture and 17th. Civilization.Onicha: Mid-feild Publishers 2.Afigbo, A.E.(1981). Ropes of Sand a. (Studies in Igbo History and Culture). Ibadan: Oxford 9.Alaezi, D.(2002). Ibo UniversityPress. Exodus:Revealed.Nigeria:Onzy:Publicatio ns.40 3.Emenanjo, E.N. (2001). Igbo or Igboid: Asusu n’Agburu ndi 10. Uzukwu, M. (2009). Naijiria: Mgbe Igbo:Language in Igbo Ochie Rue Taa. USA: Feli Civilization.Ahiajioku Lecture Series. Publishing.Westermann, D. (1927). Die Owerri:The Government Printer. Westlichen Sudansprachen und ihre Prezichugen zum Bantu. Berlin: 4.Onyeka, A.C. (2013). Igbo People: Walter de Gryter. Centuries of Socio-Cultural Segregation Conciliation. 11. Acholonu-Olumba, C. (2009). They Owerris:Gerrychuks Press. Lived Before Adam: Pre-Historic Origins of the Igbo- The Never-Been- 5.Onwuejeogwu, M.A. (1981). An Ruled. Abuja: CARCPublications. Igbo Civilization: Nri Kingdom and Hegemony. London:Ethiope 12. Anozie, F.N.(2003). Igbo Kwenu Publishing. (Akuko na Emenaala Ndi Igbo). Enugu: Computer Edge 6.Eluwa, B.O.N. (2009). Ado-na- Idu:History of Igbo Origin. Owerri: De- 13. P Osuagwu, C. G. (2003). World Bonelsons Global.Greenberg,J.(1963). Struggle for a Just World. Owerri: The Languages of Africa.The Hayne: African World Communications Mouton. ublishers.

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