Funiculars of Golden Colorado

The Funiculars Of Golden Colorado

funicular (fjuːˈnɪkjʊlə) Also called: funicular railway a railway up the side of a mountain, consisting of two counterbalanced cars at either end of a cable passing round a driving wheel at the summit

by Barb Warden

Cover art by Jesse Crock, Golden artist

ISBN 978-0-9859262-0-5

For information about purchasing this book, please visit www.goldenfuniculars.com.

Acknowledgements

Thanks to the following individuals and institutions, for providing inspiration and material for this book:

George West - Founder of the Colorado Transcript (now called the Golden Transcript), which has been documenting our history continuously since 1866

Golden History Center and Denver Public Library - for preserving our past through their historic photograph collections

The Colorado Historic Newspapers Collection – online collection available at coloradohistoricnewspapers.org, paid for with state funds administered by the Colorado State Library and the Colorado Historical Society

Joann Thistlewood - for her work in preserving Golden’s history, as co-author of Golden: The 19th Century

Lorraine Wagenbach - for her work in preserving Golden’s history, as co-author of Golden: The 19th Century and editor of A Woman’s Life in Golden

Frank Blaha – for sharing my enthusiasm for history and tolerating the amount of time I spend staring at the computer

Thanks to all!

Barb Warden Golden, Colorado

Early stores and saloons along Washington Avenue

Golden’s earliest settlers arrived in 1859, in search of gold. Little of the precious metal was found in Golden itself, but the town soon became an essential stop for those heading into and returning from the gold camps in the mountains. Within days of arriving in the valley, Golden’s founders established stores and saloons—the commercial bedrock of any gold rush town.

View of 19th century Golden as seen from South Table Mountain

Of course, Golden’s new residents were not immune to the allure of the mountains. Climbing South Table Mountain and Lookout Mountain to enjoy the views of the plains below has always been a popular pastime for locals.

A work has been started here during the past week that will result in much pleasure to visitors to our town as well as to our own citizens. A subscription paper was circulated on Friday last, and in an hour enough money was raised to grade a bridle path to the top of "Castle Rock." Nearly all strangers desire to ascend to that prominent lookout, but many, especially ladies, have been prevented by the steepness of the ascent.

Colorado Transcript – June 23, 1869 Colorado Historic Newspapers Collection. coloradohistoricnewspapers.org

The view of 19th century Golden from South Table Mountain

Early efforts to establish mines in Golden’s surrounding mountains produced little in way of mineral wealth. While the Clear Creek valley was a wonderful spot for growing things, farming the top of the mesas proved fruitless, as water was scarce and the soil poor. As the years went by, more and more, the mountaintops near Golden were used simply as places to enjoy the view.

The view of 19th Century Golden from Lookout Mountain 3 Colorado & Southern Railroad, with North Table Mountain in the background

The railroad came to town in the 1870s, making it easier for Denver people to visit Golden. The Colorado Central (later called the Colorado & Southern) followed the northern route from Denver to Golden, traveling between North and South Table Mountains.

4 Tramway Depot in Downtown Golden - 13th Street and Washington

By the 1890s, Golden also had rail service from the south—an interurban line that ran through Lakewood. The two rail lines made Golden a popular place for day trips from Denver.

RAILROAD NOTES

It took four long passenger trains to convey the visitors to the mountain resorts Sunday morning. There was a right smart smattering of school ma'ms in the crowd.

The Lakewood brought up a big crowd of visitors Sunday, who scattered out over the town, many visited Mt. Lookout, and others climbed to Castle Rock. The day was an ideal Colorado one.

Colorado Transcript—July 10, 1895 Colorado Historic Newspapers Collection. coloradohistoricnewspapers.org

5 Avenue Hotel on the left

In 1906, the owner of The Avenue Hotel established a “resort” on Castle Rock, which included a refreshment stand, shade, places to sit, and a magnificent view. The isolated and wind-swept location posed some challenges. In July of that year, the property was vandalized by a group of youths visiting from Denver. In November, the Transcript reported that, “High winds last week wrecked the refreshment stand at the summit of Castle Rock.” Nonetheless, efforts to develop the spot for tourism persisted.

In 1908, a particularly enthusiastic and enterprising young man by the name of Charles Quaintance took up the cause.

6 AUTOMOBILE ROAD TO TOP OF CASTLE ROCK

Plans are nearing completion for the big resort on Castle Rock, and by the last of this week active work will be started. The stage line and automobile road are assured, and Harry Hartzell will put his teams at work making the road within the next day or two. The road will leave the South Golden road just North of the Inter-Mountain railway crossing and thence to the very top, landing near the famous Crystal springs. From that point over to Castle Rock the land is level and can be made into a fine roadway.

Arrangements have been completed whereby Harry Hartzell is to run his stages to the top, making hourly trips. Hartzell is without doubt one of the best drivers in the state, and with the reins in his hands the stage line is bound to be a success.

The road will be opened to all private parties wishing to make the trip, and will open to automobilists a hill climb that will not be hard on their machines, and some of the grandest scenery in the state. On top of the rock they will be able to secure refreshments and lounge around under the shade pagodas. For a long time Denver auto enthusiasts have been talking of such a road into the mountains, and with the opening of the Castle Rock resort their dream will be realized.

Chas. F. Quaintance announced last night that as soon as the road was completed work on the buildings would be started. The buildings will all be constructed of slabs, carrying out the rustic effect in every way possible. The dancing and refreshment pavilion will have a hard wood floor.

Colorado Transcript—March 19, 1908 Colorado Historic Newspapers Collection. coloradohistoricnewspapers.org

7 Castle Rock Resort Buildings

By June of that year, the resort was hosting twice weekly dances, and by the 4th of July, it was swarming with visitors from Denver.

Of course, the Castle Rock resort was not the only place trying to attract tourists. While Charles Quaintance extolled the pleasures to be enjoyed at his resort, a man named Rees Vidler was working feverishly to develop Lookout Mountain on Golden’s west side. Vidler and his financial backers envisioned not only a recreational spot for day visitors, but a community of vacation homes.

The problem with Lookout Mountain and other front range resorts was accessibility. There were bridle paths and wagon roads leading to the summit, but no quick or convenient ways to get there.

8 Burro riders, ready to ascend Castle Rock

While Quaintance and Vidler competed for Golden’s tourist traffic, a third player emerged a few miles south, in the town of Morrison. John Brisbane Walker owned a large tract of land on top of Mount Morrison, and he found a way to conquer the accessibility problem: he built an incline railway to pull people straight up the side of the mountain.

Back in Golden, both Quaintance and Vidler responded by offering burro rides and stagecoaches to their respective resorts, and Vidler, at least, began planning for an incline railway of his own.

9 LOOKOUT TO BE COLORADO'S FINEST RESORT

Articles of incorporation have been filed with the secretary of state of the Lookout Mountain Park Development company, with a capitalization of $500,000. The incorporators are Rees C. Vidler, Lewis F. Kimball and Fred R. Wright....

It is the plan of the company to begin work in the near future on a beautiful new hotel on Lookout mountain, plans for which have already been adopted. Among the plans is the construction of a funicular railway from the base of Lookout mountain, transferring the passengers, until better arrangements are made, from the Tramway and Intermountain lines to the foot of the incline railroad by stage lines....

Another great advantage lies in its being within such easy reach of the city. While Colorado has scores of beautiful resorts, such as Glenwood, Estes Park, Manitou and others, none are so accessible from Denver, it being possible to reach Lookout mountain within a hour and half from the center of the Metropolis.

Denver at night is an unusually beautiful sight. The streets are marked by lines of light, and the colored lights of the electric fountain can be plainly seen. In the day time the streets of the city are clearly marked, and in the West the snow capped mountains give such a complete change of view as to be almost incredible....

The company will work in conjunction with both the Denver & Inter-mountain and Denver Tramway electric lines.

Colorado Transcript—August 12, 1909 Colorado Historic Newspapers Collection. coloradohistoricnewspapers.org

The Lookout Mountain Park Funicular opened in 1912.

Passengers on the Lookout Mountain Park Funicular enjoyed a spectacular view.

It took three more years, but by August of 1912, Vidler did indeed have a funicular railroad running up the side of Lookout Mountain. The line ran from about halfway up the mountain to the spot where the television antennas are today. The new railway proved to be quite popular, and newspaper accounts from that Fall tell of Golden locals, tourists from Denver, the Good Roads Boosters, the American Passenger Association, and the Denver Chamber of Commerce all enjoying this exciting new way to climb a mountain.

Unfortunately, the funicular was not convenient to downtown Golden. Vidler fought valiantly to establish streetcar service from downtown to the base of the funicular. Charles Quaintance, the proprietor of the Castle Rock resort, fought just as valiantly to prevent it.

The Lookout Mountain Funicular was about a mile and a half from downtown.

In the meantime, some visitors chose to walk the mile and a half to the base of the funicular. For others, a new-fangled invention, the automobile, came to the rescue.

Tourists were collected at the tramway depot, then transported by automobile to the foot of the Lookout Mountain Park Funicular

13 At this point, still another player entered the scene. Bill Williams, a local engineer and entrepreneur, began operating a fifteen passenger automobile between the tramway station at 13th and Washington and the base of Lookout Mountain funicular. Williams was convinced that automobiles were the coming thing. In the absence of streetcar service, the automobile certainly solved the problem of getting people to the funicular.

One happy outing that we always looked forward to was the trip up Lookout Mountain via the funicular. The trip started at the tramway depot where Foss Drug now stands. A Stanley Steamer, usually driven by Fred Landry, took us to the foot of the mountains, where we would take the cable car to the top. On reaching the top, we would climb out and take a short hike until the cable car was ready to return to Golden. If one took this trip early in July, he would be privileed to see a field of columbines in full bloom. There were no stores or buildings on top of the mountain. However, there were several farms, one of which I remember was owned by the Vidler family. A Woman’s Life in Golden Helen Lyungvall Johnston, born 1905

14 As 1913 dawned, many plans were forming.

Charles Quaintance decided to build his own funicular to bring people to the top of Castle Rock. His railway would be only two blocks away from the depot at 13th and Washington, so it would be much more convenient for visitors.

Vidler continued his efforts to get legal permission and financial backing for a streetcar to the base of Castle Rock Mountain Railway his funicular.

Bill Williams decided to circumvent railways entirely, and began building a road up Lookout Mountain.

The City of Denver, meanwhile, decided to jump into the growing tourism business by buying large tracts of scenic mountain land and establishing the Denver Mountain Parks System.

Quaintance built his Castle Rock funicular during the spring of 1913, and held a grand opening celebration on July 3rd.

Advertisement for the Castle Rock Resort

LOCAL PARAGRAPHS

The opening of the Castle Rock casino and the lighting of the rock and railway was witnessed by a large crowd. Miss Maud McGregor was chosen “Queen of Light,” and when she turned the switch the casino on the rock and the lights along the incline presented a very beautiful sight. Dancing and a musical program made the event a most enjoyable one.

Colorado Transcript—July 10, 1913 Colorado Historic Newspapers Collection. coloradohistoricnewspapers.org

Lariat Loop Road, built by Golden entrepreneur Bill Williams

Two weeks after the Castle Rock railway and resort opened, the newspaper reported on Williams’ new automobile road:

NEW ROAD OFFERS SCENIC GRANDEUR

From Golden the road will climb by easy grades and hairpin turns to the first of Denver’s mountain parks on Lookout mountain, passing under beetling crags or above the steep slopes that drop to the crystal waters of Clear creek 1,000 feet below.

From the top of Lookout the road will run through Lookout mountain park, zig-zag marvelously....

Not once from the time the road leaves Golden until it passes over the saddle between Colorow and Wild Cat points, will the tourist lose sight of the limitless plains….

Colorado Transcript—July 24, 1913 Colorado Historic Newspapers Collection. coloradohistoricnewspapers.org

17 By the summer of 1914, both funiculars and the new road up Lookout Mountain were functioning. A single newspaper article contained references to all three:

LOCAL PARAGRAPHS

Twelve couples enjoyed Miss Josie Wagenbach’s hospitality last Thursday evening when she entertained at a dancing party on top of Castle rock. Dainty refreshments were served.

Wm. Wagenbach has recently completed a cozy bungalow near the top station of the Mt. Lookout funicular. He is also contemplating building a dancing casino at some attractive point on the summit.

Hundreds of Denver people took advantage of the opportunity to see the mountain parks system Sunday, and the roads were lined with automobiles all day long. One Golden man took the trouble to count the machines for a time, and in one hour two hundred autos passed his house. For the benefit of those not fortunate to possess means of transportation of their own, Commissioner Thum arranged an excursion trip, making the rate 95 cents for the round trip from Denver. The people were brought to Golden in Tramway and Inter-Mountain cars, and were taken to Genesee park in big “rubberneck” wagons. Scores of people took this trip. This excursion plan will be carried out every Sunday.

Colorado Transcript—May 14, 1914 Colorado Historic Newspapers Collection. coloradohistoricnewspapers.org

18 William Wagenbach’s “cozy bungalow” and refreshment stand at the top of the Lookout Mountain Funicular. The bill of fare is posted on the left side of the porch.

19 At this time, automobiles were still the province of the wealthy, and few foresaw a time when they would drive railways out of business. Bill Williams was one of the few. In early 1915 he partnered with other businessmen to establish the Williams Transportation Company. This new company would operate a fleet of Stanley Steamer automobiles between Golden and the Denver Mountain Parks, Idaho Springs, and Grand Lake.

Williams Transportation Company, home of a fleet of Stanley Steamers which carried people into the mountains.

20 Downtown Golden in 1915 with 3 automobiles in sight

By 1916, there was evidence that the funicular businesses were struggling.

MEMORIAL DAY BRINGS MANY VISITORS

Golden firms catering to the tourist trade, garages, soda fountains, restaurants, pleasure lines and the like, report that Memorial day brought them the biggest business of the year. In almost every case it was much greater than last year and is taken as an indication that all records for tourist travel to Golden will be broken this summer. The funicular lines to Castle Rock and Lookout mountain were the only businesses which were not taxed to capacity.

Colorado Transcript—June 1, 1916 Colorado Historic Newspapers Collection. coloradohistoricnewspapers.org

21 By 1917, the enterprising Mr. Quaintance was looking for other ways to make his railway pay. He proposed quarrying the distinctive rimrock on the sides of South Table Mountain for use in road-building. The funicular would be used to carry the crushed rock down the mountain.

Quaintance Investment Company Will Make Marketable Castle Rock’s Rim of Stone

PRODUCT IN GREAT DEMAND

Crusher on Mountain – Funicular Road and Tramway Would Deliver Rock to Contractors

A plan to develop another big natural industry for Golden is being undertaken by the Quaintance Investment company. This plan calls for the opening and shipping of the immense basalt deposits which form a great part of the scenery of Golden. The rim rock of North Table Mountain, of South Table mountain and of Castle Rock is basalt of the highest commercial value and is just the material that is being clamored for by the contractors of the West.

Colorado Transcript—January 25, 1917 Colorado Historic Newspapers Collection. coloradohistoricnewspapers.org

(In the course of the 20th century, quarries were established on North Table Mountain, but little quarrying has occurred on South Table Mountain.)

22 In that same year, the famed frontiersman and showman Buffalo Bill Cody died. Several communities vied to provide his burial place. The Quaintance family offered Castle Rock.

CASTLE ROCK TO BE CODY MONUMENT?

The Quaintance Investment Co. of Golden has offered Castle Rock to the Cody memorial committee as an ideal place to place the proposed monument to the late scout. They agree to sell the mountain and the incline railroad to the summit for $50,000, refunding $15,000 to the monument fund and the $10,000 to build a winding road, to the top of the rock. The proposal is to rename the mountain Cody and light the monument at night so that it could be seen for miles.

The Colorado Transcript—February 1, 1917 Colorado Historic Newspapers Collection. coloradohistoricnewspapers.org

One of many proposed monuments and locations for Buffalo Bill’s grave

23 Automobiles on Bill Williams’ Lariat Loop Road, returning from Buffalo Bill’s burial

In the end, Lookout Mountain was chosen, and thousands of people drove up the Lariat Loop Road to attend the burial service.

Postcard showing Buffalo Bill’s grave

The great showman proved to be as big a draw in death as he had been in life. Thousands flocked to see his grave (and its famed view). It made the Lariat Loop Road, Lookout Mountain Park, and the entire Denver Mountain Parks system, more popular than ever.

Postcard showing the view of Golden from the new Lariat Loop Road

Postcard showing the view of Golden at night from the new Lariat Loop Road

26 In the early 1920’s, Frank and Josephine Wagenbach built a handsome dance hall at the summit of Lookout Mountain, called the Lookout Mountain Inn. Here patrons came from miles around to view the lights from Denver and dance to the music of famous orchestras like Paul Whiteman, who also performed at Elitch’s Gardens in Denver.

Lookout Mountain Inn, operated by Frank and Josephine Wagenbach at the summit of Lookout Mountain.

Postcard showing motorists arriving for a night of dancing

Postcard emphasizing the new accessibility of the mountains by automobile

In 1918, the state paved Colfax Avenue with cement. The fine new roadway proved so popular that it was soon choked with automobiles, and on Sundays, the trip from Denver to Golden took four hours.*

* Images of America – Early Lakewood, Robert and Kristen Autobee with Lakewood’s Heritage Center Arcadia Publishing. Charleston, South Carolina. 2011. P. 93.

28 By 1919, both the Castle Rock Resort (and funicular) and the Lookout Mountain resort (and funicular) were bankrupt, and both were foreclosed. As it happened, Adolph Coors held the notes for the Castle Rock property, and the Quaintance family had close ties with Mr. Coors. The Castle Rock property remained in the Quaintance family. The family still owns it today.

Downtown Golden in the 1920s, with more than two dozen automobiles in sight

By the 1920s, the ascendency of the automobile was clear. The funiculars had closed, and the buzz in the newspapers was all about providing camp grounds within the city, to encourage automobile travelers to stay in Golden.

29 CITY MAY PROVIDE CAMPING GROUNDS FOR AUTO TOURISTS

COUNCIL AND CHAMBER OF COMMERCE CONSIDERING PLANS TO GET TRAVELERS TO STOP AND “BIDE A WEE”

If plans of the city council, the Chamber of Commerce and Home Builders’ association work out as anticipated, many tourists will spend the summer camping in the Golden city park, and efforts will be made to induce them to remain in Golden for some time. It is known that in years past people have become permanent residents of Golden as a result of short stays made here during the tourist season, and it is believed by those interested that permanent benefits will come as a result of making provisions for campers….

The city council is to be commended for taking steps to provide camping grounds for tourists this summer, and Golden will see many good results. Direct results will be that these campers will spend a large amount of money with Golden business houses, and some of them may become so enamored of Golden and its beautiful surroundings that they will become permanent residents.

Colorado Transcript—June 10, 1920 Colorado Historic Newspapers Collection. coloradohistoricnewspapers.org

1927 fire claims Castle Rock Resort buildings

The Castle Rock Resort buildings, unused for several years, burned to the ground in 1927. The people of Golden watched from below, but nothing could be done, as there was no water source on the top of the mountain.

31 The rails for the Lookout Mountain funicular were removed in 1930.

RAILS STRIKE ROCKS; SPARKS START BLAZE ON LOOKOUT SLOPE

Sparks which resulted when steel rails and granite rocks came in contact with each other were the cause of a forest fire which threatened all Lookout mountain Friday afternoon. The blaze was quelled just as it had started into the big evergreen trees on the crest of the mountain.

A Denver wrecking concern recently purchased the rails from the abandoned funicular railroad which formerly ran to the top of Lookout mountain. Friday they started removing the rails and rolling them to the foot of the mountain. The plunging rails struck rocks in their descent, sending out showers of sparks which ignited the dry grass and spread into the brush and trees.

Several hundred acres of grass and brush were burned over. The fire was successfully fought by three truck loads of boys from the Industrial Training school who were rushed to the scene to aid the volunteer fire fighters. Had the fire spread much more the many beautiful summer homes on the mountain would have been endangered.

The Colorado Transcript—July 17, 1930 Colorado Historic Newspapers Collection. coloradohistoricnewspapers.org

Today, only the scars of the two funicular railways remain, and the experience of riding them has passed out of living memory, but they continue to capture our imagination. We look at the ghostly lines going down the sides of the mountains, imagine riding in those cars, and think, “Wouldn’t that be fun?”

The scar left by the Lookout Mountain Funicular’s tracks

The scar still visible on Castle Rock

33 34 Appendix 1 What is a Funicular?

A funicular is a hybrid between a train and an elevator, used to carry passengers and freight up and down hillsides. Like a train, it has cars that run on rails. Like an elevator, it uses a cable to pull the cars up the hill. A funicular has a pair of cars that run in opposite directions, so the one going down helps pull the one going up.

“Funiculars” are often called “Incline Railways” in the United States. There were many throughout the country in the 1870- 1930 period, but most have ceased operation. Those remaining include:

Royal Gorge, Colorado: www.royalgorgebridge.com Dubuque, Iowa: www.dbq.com/fenplco Chattanooga, Tennessee: www.ridetheincline.com Los Angeles, California: www.angelsflight.com Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania: portauthority.org/paac/RiderServices/Inclines.aspx#MonIncline www.duquesneincline.org

Many more remain in operation in Europe and Asia. An excellent list of funiculars past and present is available at en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_funicular_railways.

Other references:

www.funiculars.net science.howstuffworks.com/engineering/civil/question512.htm

35 Appendix 2 Denver Mountain Parks

Denver established its Mountain Parks system in 1912. Automobiles were part of the plan from the start, and roads were built to facilitate access to the formerly unreachable mountains. The Parks encompass 14,000 acres in four different counties. They include mountains, meadows, rivers, forests, and of course—spectacular scenery. Rustic shelters throughout the parks are built of local stone and pine timbers. You’ll find a wealth of information about the Parks on their website, www.denvermountainparks.org.

The Lariat Loop is a National Scenic Byway, and offers a great introduction to several of Denver’s Mountain Parks. Start in Golden, following the switchbacked road built in 1912 by Bill Williams. Learn more about this beautiful and historic route at www.lariatloop.org.

A Picnic spot in Denver Mountain Parks

36 Appendix 3 Illustration Sources p. 1-Early stores and saloons along Washington Avenue Courtesy of Golden History Museums, City of Golden Collection p. 2-View of 19th century Golden as seen from South Table Mountain Image from the GOLDENTODAY.COM collection p. 3-The view of 19th century Golden from South Table Mountain Image from the GOLDENTODAY.COM collection p. 3-The view of 19th Century Golden from Lookout Mountain Image from the GOLDENTODAY.COM collection p. 4-Colorado Southern Railroad and North Table Mountain Image from the Colorado Railroad Museum Collection p. 5-Tramway Depot in Downtown Golden - 13th Street and Washington Image from the GOLDENTODAY.COM collection p. 6-Avenue Hotel on the left Historic photo courtesy of Richard A. Ronzio Collection, Jefferson County Public Library and Golden Landmarks Association. p. 8-Castle Rock Resort Buildings Courtesy of Golden History Museums, City of Golden Collection p. 9-Burro riders, ready to ascend Castle Rock Image from the GOLDENTODAY.COM collection p. 11-The Lookout Mountain Park Funicular opened in 1912. Image from the GOLDENTODAY.COM collection p. 12-Passengers on the Lookout Mountain Park Funicular enjoyed a spectacular view. Image from the GOLDENTODAY.COM collection p. 13-The Lookout Mountain Funicular was about a mile and a half from downtown. Image from the GOLDENTODAY.COM collection p. 13-Tourists were collected at the tramway depot, then transported by automobile to the foot of the Lookout Mountain Park Funicular. Courtesy of Golden History Museums, City of Golden Collection p. 15-Castle Rock Mountain Railway Image from the GOLDENTODAY.COM collection p. 16-Advertisement for the Castle Rock Resort Courtesy of Golden History Museums, City of Golden Collection

37 p. 17-Lariat Loop Road, built by Golden entrepreneur Bill Williams Left - Image from the GOLDENTODAY.COM collection Right – Photo courtesy of Lorraine Wagenbach p. 19 – William Wagonbach’s “cozy bungalow” and refreshment stand at the top of the Lookout Mountain Funicular. The bill of fare is posted on the left side of the porch. Photo courtesy of Lorraine Wagenbach p. 20-Williams Transportation Company, home of a fleet of Stanley Steamers which carried people into the mountains. Courtesy of Golden History Museums, City of Golden Collection p. 21-Downtown Golden in 1915 with 3 automobiles in sight Image from the GOLDENTODAY.COM collection p. 23-One of many proposed monuments and locations for Buffalo Bill’s grave Image from the GOLDENTODAY.COM collection p. 24-Automobiles on Bill Williams’ Lariat Loop Road, returning from Buffalo Bill’s burial Courtesy of the Buffalo Bill Museum and Gravesite p. 25-Postcard showing Buffalo Bill’s grave Image from the GOLDENTODAY.COM collection p. 26-Postcard showing the view of Golden from the new Lariat Loop Road Image from the GOLDENTODAY.COM collection p. 26-Postcard showing the view of Golden at night from the new Lariat Loop Road Image from the GOLDENTODAY.COM collection p. 27 – Lookout Mountain Inn, operated by Frank and Josephine Wagenbach at the summit of Lookout Mountain. Photo courtesy of Lorraine Wagenbach p. 27- Postcard showing motorists arriving for a night of dancing Image from the GOLDENTODAY.COM collection p. 28-Postcard emphasizing the new accessibility of the mountains by automobile Image from the GOLDENTODAY.COM collection p. 29-Downtown Golden in the 1920s, with more than two dozen automobiles in sight Image from the GOLDENTODAY.COM collection

38 p. 31-1927 fire claims Castle Rock Resort buildings Courtesy of Golden History Museums, City of Golden Collection p. 33-The scar left by the Lookout Mountain Funicular’s tracks Image from the GOLDENTODAY.COM collection p. 33-The scar still visible on Castle Rock Image from the GOLDENTODAY.COM collection p.35- A Picnic spot in Denver Mountain Parks Image from the GOLDENTODAY.COM collection

39 Appendix 3 References and Recommended Reading

Abbot, Dan, McCoy, Dell A., McLeod, Robert W. Colorado Central Rail Road : Golden, Central City, Georgetown. Sundance Books, Denver, Colorado. 2007.

Autobee, Robert and Kristen, with Lakewood’s Heritage Center. Images of America: Early Lakewood. Arcadia Publishing, Charleston, South Carolina. 2011.

Brown, Georgina. The Shining Mountains. B&B Printers, Gunnison, Colorado. 1976.

Golden Pioneer Museum. Images of America: Golden Colorado. Arcadia Publishing, Chicago, Illinois. 2002.

Colorado Historic Newspapers Collection. coloradohistoricnewspapers.org. History Colorado, Denver Colorado. funicular. Dictionary.com. Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 10th Edition. HarperCollins Publishers. dictionary.reference.com/browse/funicular (accessed: July 01, 2012).

Lomond, Carole. Jefferson County Colorado – A Unique & Eventful History! Views Publishing Company, Golden, Colorado. 2009.

Lowther, Todd. Castle Rock and the Ku Klux Klan. Gypsey Publications, Golden, Colorado. 2007.

Norman, Cathleen. Golden Old & New: A Walking Tour Guide. Preservation Publishing, Lakewood, Colorado. 1996.

Wagenbach, Lorraine, and Jo Ann E. Thistlewood. Golden: The 19th Century: A Colorado Chronicle. Harbinger House, Littleton, Colorado. 1987.

Wagenbach, Lorraine, Editor. A Woman’s Life in Golden. Written by the Members of the Pioneer Delphian Study Club. Golden History Museums, Golden, Colorado. 2010.