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Scone User's Guide

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Scone User's Guide Scone User's Guide Scott E. Fahlman Carnegie Mellon University Language Technologies Institute & Computer Science Department Contact: [email protected] This document corresponds to Scone version 1.0.0, released August, 2014. 1 Copyright 2003-2014 by Scott E. Fahlman Copyright Notice: This manual is copyright © 2003-2014 by Scott E. Fahlman. Carnegie Mellon University holds the copyright to the core Scone software. The Scone software is made available to the public under the Apache 2.0 open source license. A copy of this license is distributed with the software. The license can also be found at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0. Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. Acknowledgments: Development of Scone since February 2013 has been supported in part by the U.S. Office of Naval Research under award number N000141310224. Development of Scone from January 2012 through August 2013 was supported in part by the Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA) via Department of Defense US Army Research Laboratory contract number W911NF-12-C-0020. Development of Scone from 2003 through 2008 was supported in part by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) under contract numbers NBCHD030010 and FA8750-07- D-0185. Additional support for Scone development has been provided by research grants from Cisco Systems Inc. and from Google Inc. The U.S. Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Governmental purposes notwithstanding any copyright annotation thereon. Disclaimer: The views and conclusions contained herein are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies or endorsements, either expressed or implied, of IARPA, DoD/ARL, ONR, DARPA, the U.S. Government, or any of our other sponsors. 2 Copyright 2003-2014 by Scott E. Fahlman Table of Contents 1. Overview .................................................................................................................... 6 Note on Common Lisp Syntax ................................................................................................ 7 Running Scone ........................................................................................................................ 7 2. Loading, Saving, and Checkpointing KB Files ........................................................... 8 Functions and Variables .......................................................................................................... 8 3. Scone Elements ...................................................................................................... 12 3.1 Structure of Scone Elements ............................................................................................ 12 Functions and Variables ........................................................................................................ 13 3.2 Element Properties ........................................................................................................... 14 Functions ............................................................................................................................... 15 4. Referring to Scone Elements ................................................................................... 16 4.1 Element Internal Names ................................................................................................... 16 Functions and Variables ........................................................................................................ 18 4.2 Element External (English) Names .................................................................................. 19 Functions and Variables ........................................................................................................ 20 5. Markers .................................................................................................................... 22 Functions and Variables ........................................................................................................ 23 6. Contexts .................................................................................................................. 26 Functions and Variables ........................................................................................................ 26 7. Adding Elements to the Scone KB .......................................................................... 27 7.1 Creating New Elements ................................................................................................... 27 The :context Keyword Argument ......................................................................................... 27 Internal Names and the :iname Argument ............................................................................ 27 The :english Keyword Argument .......................................................................................... 28 Negation Links ...................................................................................................................... 28 7.2 Indv Nodes ....................................................................................................................... 29 Functions ............................................................................................................................... 29 7.3 Type Nodes ...................................................................................................................... 30 Functions ............................................................................................................................... 31 7.4 Map Nodes ....................................................................................................................... 32 3 Copyright 2003-2014 by Scott E. Fahlman Functions ............................................................................................................................... 32 7.5 IS-A Links ........................................................................................................................ 32 Functions ............................................................................................................................... 32 7.6 EQ Links .......................................................................................................................... 33 Functions ............................................................................................................................... 33 7.7 Has Links ......................................................................................................................... 33 Functions ............................................................................................................................... 33 7.8 Cancel Links .................................................................................................................... 33 Functions ............................................................................................................................... 34 7.9 Relations .......................................................................................................................... 34 Functions ............................................................................................................................... 35 7.10 Statement Links ............................................................................................................. 35 Functions ............................................................................................................................... 35 7.11 Split and Complete-Split Links ...................................................................................... 35 Functions ............................................................................................................................... 36 7.12 Functions to Create Multiple Nodes .............................................................................. 36 Functions ............................................................................................................................... 37 7.13 Roles .............................................................................................................................. 37 8. Removing Elements from the Scone KB. ................................................................ 39 Functions and Variables ........................................................................................................ 39 9. Queries and Predicates ........................................................................................... 40 9.1 Element-Type Predicate Functions .................................................................................. 40 9.2 Predicates on the Is-A Hierarchy ..................................................................................... 41 Functions and Variables ........................................................................................................ 41 9.3 Mark, List, and Show Functions ...................................................................................... 41 Functions and Variables ........................................................................................................ 42 9.4 Query Functions for Roles and Relations
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