Notions of Friendship in the Bloomsbury Group: G. E. Moore, D
NOTIONS OF FRIENDSHIP IN THE BLOOMSBURY GROUP: G. E. MOORE, D. H. LAWRENCE, E. M. FORSTER, AND VIRGINIA WOOLF by Llana Carroll B.A. in Literature, Purchase College, SUNY, 2003 M.A. in English, University of Pittsburgh, 2008 Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Arts and Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Ph.D. in English: Cultural and Critical Studies University of Pittsburgh 2009 UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH ARTS AND SCIENCES This dissertation was presented by Llana Carroll It was defended on September 25, 2009 and approved by Troy Boone, Ph.D., Associate Professor Colin MacCabe, Ph.D., Distinguished University Professor Kieran Setiya, Ph.D., Associate Professor Phillip E. Smith, Ph.D., Associate Professor Dissertation Director: Colin MacCabe, Ph.D., Distinguished University Professor ii Copyright © by Llana Carroll 2009 iii NOTIONS OF FRIENDSHIP IN THE BLOOMSBURY GROUP: G. E. MOORE, D. H. LAWRENCE, E. M. FORSTER, AND VIRGINIA WOOLF Llana Carroll, Ph.D. University of Pittsburgh, 2009 In this study I argue that the Bloomsbury Group’s notion of friendship was influenced by G. E. Moore’s philosophy of friendship, developed in “Achilles or Patroclus?” (1894) and Principia Ethica (1903), and the Great War. I posit that these dual influences were central to Lawrence, Forster, and Woolf’s representations of frustrated and melancholic friendship in their post-war novels: Women in Love (1920), A Passage to India (1924), and The Waves (1931). Lawrence rejected Moore’s notion of friendship, suggesting that after the Great War desexualized friendship was impossible. On the other hand, Forster and Woolf continued to believe in Moore’s concept that friendship and the “pleasure of human intercourse” are among “the most valuable things, which we can know or imagine” (Principia Ethica 188–89).
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