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Nangroe Aceh Darussalam KEPARIWISATAAN 10 PROVINSI KEPARIWISATAAN 10 PROVINSI DI PULAU SUMATRA 1 Kepariwisataan : Nangroe Aceh Darussalam Gambar 2 : Peta Wilayah Provinsi Nangroe Aceh Darussalam 2 Kepariwisataan : Nangroe Aceh Darussalam 1 PROVINSI NANGROE ACEH DARUSSALAM A. Umum 1. Dasar Hukum Provinsi Nangroe Aceh Darussalam berdiri pada tanggal 7 Desember 1956 dengan nama Daerah Istimewa Aceh berdasarkan Undang Undang No. 24 tahun 1956 dengan Ibu Kota Banda Aceh. Pada Tahun 2001 Nama Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Aceh berubah menjadi Nangroe Aceh Darussalam berdasarkan Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia No. 18 tahun 2001. 2.Lambang Provinsi Lambang Nangroe Aceh Darussalam adalah Pancacita, berasal dari bahasa Sanskerta yang berarti lima cita-cita, yaitu keadilan, kamakmuran, kepahlawanan, kerukunan dan kesejahteraan. Pancacita berbentuk persegi lima yang menyerupai kopiah yang didalamnya terdapat dacin (alat timbangan), rencong, padi, kapas, lada, cerobong pabrik, kubah masjid (diantara padi dan kapas), kitab dan kalam. Dacin melambangkan keadilan, Rencong melambangkan kepahlawanan, padi, kapas, lada dan cerobong pabrik melambangkan kemakmuran. Kubah masjid melambangkan kerukunan, kitab dan kalam melambangkan Gambar 1 : Lambang kesejahteraan. 3. Pemerintahan Saat ini pemerintahan Provinsi Nangroe Aceh Darussalam terdiri dari 20 pemerintahan TK.2, yaitu sebagai berikut : Kabupaten Bireuen Kota Banda Aceh Kabupaten Aceh Utara Kota Lhokseumawe Kabupaten Pidie Jaya Kabupaten Aceh Selatan Kabupaten Aceh Barat Daya Kabupaten Simeulue Kabupaten Aceh Besar Kabupaten Bener Meriah Kabupaten Aceh Barat Kabupaten Nagan Raya Kabupaten Gayo Lues Kabupaten Aceh Timur Kabupaten Aceh Tenggara Kabupaten Aceh Tengah Kabupaten Aceh Tamiang Kabupaten Aceh Singkil Kabupaten Aceh Jaya Kota Sabang 4. Letak Geografis dan Batas Wilayah Provinsi Nangroe Aceh Darussalam berada di ujung pulau Sumatra terletak di 2o – 6o Lintang Utara dan 95o – 98o Bujur Timur. Luas wilayah 56.500,51 km2 dengan jumlah penduduk ±4.031.589 jiwa. Batas wilayah adalah : Utara : Samudra Indonesia dan Laut Andaman Selatan : Sumatra Utara Timur : Selat Malaka Barat : Samudra Indonesia 3 Kepariwisataan : Nangroe Aceh Darussalam 5. Komposisi penganut agama di provinsi ini adalah : a. Islam = ±97,6 % b. Kristen = ±1,7% c. Hindu = ±0,08% d. Budha = ±0,55% 6. Bahasa dan Suku Bangsa Bahasa daerah yang di gunakan sebagian besar masyarakat Aceh Nangroe Darussalam adalah Bahasa Gayo, Bahasa Simuelue dan Bahasa Kluet. Suku bangsa yang menempati daerah Aceh Nangroe Darussalam adalah Suku Aceh, Suku Gayo, Suku Alas, Suku Aneuk Jamee, Suku Kluet, Suku Devayan, Suku Julu dan Suku Melayu Tamiang. 7. Budaya a. Lagu Daerah : Bungong Jeumpa, Anju Ahu, Sepakat Segenap, Lembah Alas b. Tarian tradisional : Saudati, Saman, Pukat, Sunan Gayo c. Senjata Tradisional : Rencong d. Rumah Tradisional : Rumah Aceh / Rumah Adat / Krongbade e. Alat Musik Tradisional : Rebana, Geunderang, Canang f. Makanan Khas Daerah : Gulai Aceh, Timpan, Daging Masak Pedas 8. Bandara dan Pelabuhan Laut a. Bandara : Sultan Iskandar Muda / Blang Bintang( Banda Aceh) b. Pelabuhan : Balohan (sabang) 9.Perguruan Tinggi Negeri : Universitas Syah Kuala dan IAIN “Ar-Raniry” 10. Industri dan Pertambangan : Pabrik Semen Andalas, Pabrik Pupuk AAF, Minyak Gas Cair (LNG). B. Obyek Wisata 1.Wisata Sejarah a. Museum Cut Nyak Dhien pada mulanya merupakan tempat tinggal pahlawan wanita yang bernama Cut Nyak Dhien. Di dalamnya berisi koleksi sejarah Aceh yang dikelola dan dirawat oleh Pemerintah Kabupaten Aceh Besar. Hanya pondasi yang asli dari bangunan ini, sedangkan yang berdiri sekarang ini adalah hasil renovasi bangunan yang Gambar 3 : Museum Cut Nyak Dien sebelumnya telah dibakar oleh Belanda. b. Masjid Raya Baiturrahman Masjid ini adalah sebuah masjid yang berada di pusat Banda Aceh. Masjid ini dahulunya merupakan masjid kesultanan Aceh. Sewaktu belanda menyerang kota Banda Aceh pada tahun 1873, masjid ini dibakar, kemudian pada tahun 1875 dibangun kembali oleh belanda. Masjid yang menempati area kurang lebih empat hektar ini berarsitektur indah dan unik, memiliki tujuh kubah, empat Gambar 4 : Masjid Raya Baiturrahman menara dan satu menara induk. Ruangan dalam berlantai marmer buatan italia, luasnya mencapai 4.760 m2 dan dapat menampung hingga 9000 jamaah. Dihalaman depan masjid terdapat sebuah kolam besar, rerumputan yang tertata rapi dengan tanaman hias dan pohon kelapa. Peristiwa sejarah yang 4 Kepariwisataan : Nangroe Aceh Darussalam terakhir adalah terjadinya bencana tsunami 26 desember 2004. Ketinggian dan derasnya air tsunami hingga dua meter yang hamper menggenangi ruangan dalam masjid Raya, menjadi saksi sejarah bagi kebanyakan orang yang selamat ketika berlindung di masjid raya. Setelah air tsunami surut, di dalam masjid raya dijadikan tempat untuk meletakkan ribuah jenazah korban tsunami. c. Masjid Tua Indra Puri berlokasi sekitar 25 km ke selatan arah ke Medan dan dapat ditempuh dengan transportasi apapun. Indra Puri adalah Kerajaan Hindu dan merupakan tempat pemujaan sebelum Islam masuk. Kemudian, Sultan Iskandar Muda memperkenalkan Islam kepada masyarakat. Dan setelah seluruh masyarakat memeluk Islam, tempat yang sebelumnya kuil diubah menjadi sebuah masjid. Gambar 5 : Masjid tua Indra Puri Bangunan mesjid berdiri di atas tanah seluas 33.875 m², terletak di ketinggian 4,8 meter diatas permukaan laut dan berada sekitar 150 meter dari tepi Sungai Krueng Aceh. d. Benteng Indra Patra terletak ± 19 km dari Banda Aceh arah ke Krueng Raya, dekat Pantai Ujong Batee. Menurut riwayat dibangun pada masa pra Islam di Aceh yaitu di masa Kerajaan Hindu, Indra Patra. Namun ada sumber yang menyebutkan bahwa benteng ini dibangun pada masa Kesultanan Aceh Darussalam dalam upaya menahan serangan Portugis. Benteng ini sangat besar fungsinya pada zaman Sultan Iskandar Muda yang angkatan lautnya, pada waktu itu, dipimpin oleh Laksamana Malahayati. Gambar 6 : Benteng Indra Patra e. Makam Laksamana Malahayati Terletak sekitar 32 km dari Kota Banda Aceh. Ia adalah seorang laksamana wanita pertama yang memimpin armada laut pada masa Pemerintahan Sultan Iskandar Muda. Gambar 7 : Makam Laksamana Malahayati f. Museum Ali Hasymi Museum ini merupakan kebanggaan lain kota Banda Aceh. Ali Hasymi yang mantan Gubemur Aceh dan seniman memiliki koleksi pribadi yang berharga dan menarik. Kini koleksi beliau dijadikan pajangan di museum tersebut antara lain kitab- kitab karya para ulama besar Aceh tempo dulu, keramik kuno, senjata khas Aceh, cendera mata dari berbagai pelosok dunia, dll. Gambar 8 : Museum Ali Hasymi 5 Kepariwisataan : Nangroe Aceh Darussalam g. Perpustakaan Kuno Tanoh Abee terdapat di Desa Tanoh Abee, di kaki Gunung Seulawah, Aceh Besar. Perpustakaan Tanoh Abee terletak di dalam kompleks Pesantren Tanoh Abee yang didirikan oleh keluarga Fairus yang mencapai klimaks kejayaannya pada masa pimpinan Syekh Abdul Wahab yang terkenal dengan sebutan Teungku Chik Tanoh Abee. Ia meninggal pada tahun 1894 dan dimakamkan di Tanoh Abee. Gambar 9 : Perpustakaan Kuno Tanoh Abee Pengumpukan naskah (manuskrip) Dayah Tanoh Abee telah dimulai sejak Syekh Abdul Rahim, kakek dari Syekh Abdul Wahab. Naskah yang terakhir ditulis pada masa Syekh Muhammad Sa’id, anak Syekh Abdul Wahab yang meninggal dunia pada tahun 1901 di Banda Aceh, dalam tahanan Belanda. h. Kompleks Graveyard Kandang Meuh Komplek Makam Kandang Meuh (Makam Raja Aceh) ini terletak di komplek dan komplek Baperis Museum Negeri Aceh, tepatnya di Jalan Sultan Alaidin Mahmud Syah, Kota Banda Aceh. Karena terletak di pusat kota, mudah ditempuh dg becak motor atau alat transportasi lain. Dalam kompleks pemakaman tersebut ada dua makam Raja Aceh, pertama disebut Kandang Meuh dan satu lagi disebut Komplek Makam Gambar 10 : Kandang Meuh Sultan Ibrahim Mansur Syah. Yang dimakamkan di komplek Kandang Meuh antara lain: * Putri Raja Raja anak Bengkulu * Sultan Mahmud Syah Alaidin * Raja Darussalam * Tuanku Zainal Abidin Selanjutnya komplek Makam Sultan Ibrahim Mansur Syah dimakamkan antara lain Pocut Rumoh Geudong (istri Sultan Ibrahim Mansur Syah), Sultan Ibrahim Mansur Syah (memerintah tahun 1836-1870), Sultan Mahmud Syah (anak Sultan Mahmud Syah), Sultan Husein Johar Syah Al-alam (anak Sultan Muhammad Syah), Putoru Binen (adik Sultan Ibrahim Mansur Syah), Tuanku Pangeran Husein Anom (anak Sultan Ibrahim Mansur), Tuanku Zainal Abidin dipotong, Tengku Chik, Tuanku Raja Ibrahim (anak Sultan Muhammad Daud Syah). i. Museum Tsunami Aceh Pada tanggal 23 Februari 2008 Presiden RI Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono berkunjung ke Aceh untuk meresmikan Museum Tsunami Aceh di lapangan Blang Padang Banda Aceh sekalian meremikan dan menandatangani ke 12 proyek pembangunan rehabilitasi dan rekonstruksi dan infrastruktur di provinsi Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam (NAD) yang telah selesai dikerjakan oleh Badan Rehabilitasi dan Rekonstruksi (BRR) NAD-Nias, Departemen Pekerjaan Gambar 11 : Museum Tsunami Aceh Umum, Pemerintah Provinsi NAD, Pemerintah Kota Banda Aceh dan para lembaga mitra. Menurut Eddy Purwanto sebagaiPenggagas Museum Tsunami Aceh dari BRR Aceh, Museum ini dibangun dengan 3 alasan: 1. untuk mengenang korban bencana Tsunami 2. Sebagai pusat pendidikan bagi generasi muda tentang keselamatan 3. Sebagai pusat evakuasi jika bencana tsunami datang lagi. 6 Kepariwisataan : Nangroe Aceh Darussalam Prasasti Taman Internasional “Aceh Thanks The World” Pelabuhan Penyeberangan Ulee Lheue Politeknik Aceh Bendungan Keuliling Kapal Motor Penyeberangan (KMP) BRR Jembatan Krueng Keureuto di Aceh Utara Jembatan Cundadi Lhokseumawe Sistem Penyediaan Air Minum (SPAM) Aceh
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