DOCSLIB.ORG

Aves: Trogonidae) 1.54 1.55 1.5 JEREMY KENNETH DICKENS1,2,*, PIERRE-PAUL BITTON3, GUSTAVO A

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Aves: Trogonidae) 1.54 1.55 1.5 JEREMY KENNETH DICKENS1,2,*, PIERRE-PAUL BITTON3, GUSTAVO A applyparastyle “fig//caption/p[1]” parastyle “FigCapt” CE: JE QC: RA Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2021, XX, 1–42. With 7 figures. Species limits, patterns of secondary contact and a new 1.52 species in the Trogon rufus complex (Aves: Trogonidae) 1.54 1.55 1.5 JEREMY KENNETH DICKENS1,2,*, PIERRE-PAUL BITTON3, GUSTAVO A. BRAVO4, and LUÍS FÁBIO SILVEIRA1 1 Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, 481 Av. Nazaré, Ipiranga, São Paulo, 04263-000, 1.60 1.10 Brazil 2Fundación Para La Tierra, 321 Mariscal José Félix Estigarribia, Pilar, 2800, Ñeembucú, Paraguay 3Department of Psychology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 232 Elizabeth Avenue, St. John’s, NL A1B 3X9, Canada 4Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard 1.65 1.15 University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA Received 6 May 2019; revised 13 October 2020; accepted for publication 8 November 2020 1.70 1.20 The black-throated trogon, Trogon rufus, is a widespread, polytypic species-complex with a convoluted taxonomic history. Here, we integrated morphological, vocal and genetic datasets, including spectral data and digital quantification of barred plumage, to assess and redefine its species limits according to the foremost species concepts. We suggest the recognition of four named and one new species. Trogon tenellus and T. cupreicauda are divergent across Central and South America without geographic overlap or intermediates. Trogon chrysochloros in the Atlantic 1.75 1.25 Forests of Brazil is phenotypically, genetically and ecologically distinct. In Amazonia, Trogon rufus consists of three phenotypically distinct subspecies intergrading with each other in a ring-like formation around central Amazonian rivers. Trogon rufus rufus in the Guiana Shield, Trogon rufus amazonicus in south-eastern Amazonia and Trogon rufus sulphureus in western Amazonia, with contact across the Lower Amazon and Madeira rivers, likely due to secondary contact between incompletely diverged lineages. The unique combination of song, morphology and mtDNA 1.80 1.30 features of an unnamed, isolated population in the Atlantic Forest of north-eastern Brazil resulted in its description as a new species, known only from the type locality and considered here as Critically Endangered, requiring urgent conservation actions. ADDITIONAL KEYWORDS: species boundaries– Neotropical – sibling species – divergence – alpha taxonomy – 1.85 species delineation – taxonomic revision – evolutionary trends – new species – Aves. 1.35 INTRODUCTION (Collar, 2001), and are among the most colourful 1.90 birds in the world. Males are patterned with hues of 1.40 The trogons and quetzals (Trogoniformes) are a iridescent green, blue, violet and purple above (except pantropically distributed order of birds consisting in the Asian Harpactes Swainson, 1833), and a bright of a single family, the Trogonidae, which contains 43 red, yellow or orange abdomen. Females have grey or species and 109 subspecies (Gill & Donsker, 2019). brown plumage where males are iridescent They are identified by the possession of a heterodactyl 1.95 Originating in Eurasia during the Palaeogene 1.45 foot, in which digits one and two point posteriorly (Kristoffersen, 2002; Mayr, 2005; Oliveros et al., 2019), they are thought to have been widespread across Laurasia and Africa before becoming fragmented *Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] between the African, Asian and American tropics due 1.100 1.50 [Version of record, published online XX XXXX XXXX; to global cooling and changes in habitat during the http://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:BD62F699- Oligocene–Miocene (Oliveros et al., 2019). Today, they AA76-4EE3-8B78-C4007112F103] are most diverse in the Neotropics with 29 species, 1.104 © 2021 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2021, XX, 1–42 1 2 J. K. DICKENS ET AL. of which 24 species and 66 subspecies belong to the which varies notably between populations (Gould, genus Trogon Brisson, 1760 (Gill & Donsker, 2019). 1838; Ridgway, 1911; Todd, 1943; Zimmer, 1948; Pinto, This relatively high diversity is a result of their rapid 1950), whilst the dimensions of the barred patterning, diversification in South America following the ‘Great collar presence/absence and body size have also 2.60 2.5 American Interchange’ coinciding with the closing featured prominently. Nevertheless, most accounts of the Isthmus of Panama (DaCosta & Klicka, 2008). are highly speculative, usually because of the limited Although diversification is mostly attributed to material available, leading to high levels of uncertainty divergence across geographic barriers, its sympatric in classifications. occurrence in multiple lineages yielded classic The first new species to be split from the nominate 2.65 2.10 patterns of trait sorting amongst South American was Trogon sulphureus Spix, 1824, described from a species (Bitton, 2015). This is especially notable in single male collected in Tabatinga, on the Rio Solimões, the characteristic undertail pattern (black, white or Brazil, which was distinguished by its shiny coppery barred), presence/absence of a white breast band and (versus green) uppertail. A second coppery-tailed form head colour. from Santa Maria, on the left bank of the upper Amazon 2.70 2.15 Differences in these traits are, therefore, likely in Peru, was described as Aganus devillei Cabanis & associated with taxonomic differences and they have Heine, 1863, but most authors found it to be consistent featured prominently in trogon taxonomy, along with in morphology with T. sulphureus. Nevertheless, slight differences in tonality of iridescent plumage patches, differences in the intensity of the copper sheen of the bareparts’ coloration (especially eye-ring) and wing uppertail between specimens led to its intermittent 2.75 2.20 panel patterning (plain or barred) (Gould, 1838; resurrection (Stone, 1928; Zimmer, 1930; Gyldenstolpe, Ridgway, 1911; Todd, 1943; Zimmer, 1948; Pinto, 1950; 1945) until Gyldenstolpe (1951) noted that the close Collar, 2001). In particular, the distinctiveness of the proximity between the type localities, both on the left undertail pattern between species has long raised bank of the Rio Solimões, made it almost impossible suspicions over its involvement in species recognition for them to be different. 2.80 2.25 (Collar, 2001). This was recently confirmed by Bitton The Central American form was then described as & Doucet (2016), whilst Bitton & Doucet (2014) linked Trogon tenellus Cabanis, 1862, based on an immature it to the tail-raising display – a multifunctional visual male with a brown tail. However, since Grant (1892) display that targets both con- and heterospecifics in first noted the uniquely bluer tail colour of the adult the closely related species, Trogon elegans Gould, 1834. male and the broader barring on the undertail and 2.85 2.30 In terms of the tonality of iridescent plumage, this is wing panel compared to the nominate it has been known to be produced by the coherent scattering of recognized as valid by most subsequent authors. light by melanosomes in the feather filaments (Durrer Similarly, Trogonurus curucui cupreicauda Chapman, & Villiger, 1966). However, the variability in tonality 1914, from the Chocó and Magdalena Valley, was and barring dimensions has never been investigated distinguished from tenellus and the nominate by its 2.90 2.35 at the meta-population level but would likely offer copper-bronze uppertail with greenish reflections. The insight into species limits. undertail and wing panel barring were also noted as In this context, Trogon rufus Gmelin, 1788 is widely similar to tenellus but broader than the nominate, distributed in the understory and mid-levels of humid whilst it lacked the white breast band of these taxa forests from Honduras to northern Argentina, up and had a more deeply yellow abdomen. Subsequent 2.95 2.40 to 1100 m above sea level (Collar, 2001). It was first authors have consistently upheld the validity of this described by Gmelin (1788) from female birds depicted taxon but maintained its subspecies status due to and described by Buffon and d’Aubenton (1765–81) as uncertainty over the fact that these distinctions ‘Le Courucou à queue rousse’ and Latham (1782) as represented species-level differences. ‘Rufous Curucui’ from French Guiana and named after Unlike the aforementioned taxa, there has been wide 2.100 2.45 their reddish-brown colored upperparts. The male was disagreement about the validity and status of Trogon initially described as Trogon atricollis Vieillot, 1817, chrysochloros Pelzeln, 1856, described from a series of until Gould (1838) realized that Trogon rufus and specimens from São Paulo state, Brazil. Pelzeln (1856, T. atricollis were in fact the same species. 1868) distinguished it from the nominate by its larger It is easy to distinguish from its congeners by the body size, presence of a vague white breast band and 2.105 2.50 unique combination of a green head in males, brown the finer barring of the upperwing coverts and outer in females, and a yellow belly. However, with the tail secondaries, although he noted overlap in the collection of more material, it soon became recognized coarseness of the barring and that the breast band as notoriously variable across its distribution and could not yet be regarded as diagnostic due to the resulted in the description of nine taxa. Of particular small sample size. Seemingly unaware of this, Bertoni 2.110 2.55 interest to past authors
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Redalyc.Coloration Anomaly of a Male Collared Trogon (Trogon Collaris)
    Acta Zoológica Mexicana (nueva serie) ISSN: 0065-1737 [email protected] Instituto de Ecología, A.C. México Eisermann, Knut; Omland, Kevin Coloration anomaly of a male Collared Trogon (Trogon Collaris) Acta Zoológica Mexicana (nueva serie), vol. 23, núm. 2, 2007, pp. 197-200 Instituto de Ecología, A.C. Xalapa, México Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=57523211 Cómo citar el artículo Número completo Sistema de Información Científica Más información del artículo Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal Página de la revista en redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto Acta Zoológica Mexicana (n.s.) 23(2): 197-200 (2007) Nota Científica COLORATION ANOMALY OF A MALE COLLARED TROGON (TROGON COLLARIS) Resumen. Reportamos la observación de un macho adulto de Trogon collaris con vientre amarillo, similar al color del vientre de Trogon violaceus o Trogon melanocephalus. El pico era de color amarillo sucio y el anillo orbital era oscuro. Con base en publicaciones sobre coloración anormal en otras especies, asumimos que fueron alteraciones genéticas o de desarrollo del individuo las que causaron el color amarillo en lugar del rojo usual del plumaje ventral. Collared Trogon (Trogon collaris) occurs in several disjunct areas from central Mexico to the northern half of South America east of the Andes (AOU 1998. Check-list of North American birds. 7th ed. AOU. Washington D.C.). At least eight subspecies are recognized (Dickinson 2003. The Howard and Moore complete checklist of the birds of the world. 3rd ed. Princeton Univ.
    [Show full text]
  • Evolution of Brilliant Iridescent Feather Nanostructures
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.05.31.446390; this version posted May 31, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. 1 Evolution of brilliant iridescent feather nanostructures 2 Klara K. Nordén1, Chad M. Eliason2, Mary Caswell Stoddard1 3 1 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 4 08544, USA 5 2Grainger Bioinformatics Center, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL 60605, USA 6 7 Abstract 8 The brilliant iridescent plumage of birds creates some of the most stunning color displays 9 known in the natural world. Iridescent plumage colors are produced by nanostructures in 10 feathers and have evolved in a wide variety of birds. The building blocks of these 11 structures—melanosomes (melanin-filled organelles)—come in a variety of forms, yet how 12 these different forms contribute to color production across birds remains unclear. Here, we 13 leverage evolutionary analyses, optical simulations and reflectance spectrophotometry to 14 uncover general principles that govern the production of brilliant iridescence. We find that a 15 key feature that unites all melanosome forms in brilliant iridescent structures is thin melanin 16 layers. Birds have achieved this in multiple ways: by decreasing the size of the melanosome 17 directly, by hollowing out the interior, or by flattening the melanosome into a platelet. The 18 evolution of thin melanin layers unlocks color-producing possibilities, more than doubling 19 the range of colors that can be produced with a thick melanin layer and simultaneously 20 increasing brightness.
    [Show full text]
  • New Mexico Ornithological Society Field Notes
    New Mexico Ornithological Society Field Notes Volume 39, Number 2, Spring 2000 NEW MEXICO ORNITHOLOGICAL SOCIETY FIELD NOTES Volume 39, Number 2, Spring 2000 1 March – 31 May 2000 A quarterly publication of the New Mexico Ornithological Society EDITORIAL STAFF Sartor O. Williams III, Editor William H. Howe, Assistant Editor EDITORIAL OFFICE Southwest Natural History Institute 1819 Meadowview Drive NW Albuquerque, New Mexico 87104-2511 ([email protected]) Reporting Observations: All individuals interested in birds in New Mexico are encouraged to submit their observations to NMOS Field Notes. Especially solicited are records of uncommon species, nesting birds, and early, late, or out-of-season/range birds. Records should be submitted in taxonomic order and should include species name, date, exact location, numbers of birds, age, sex, and color morph (if applicable), and name and contact information of observer. Details are necessary for unusual records; these may be submitted on a report form (available from the address above), but any written format is acceptable. Photographic documentation is strongly encouraged. NEW MEXICO ORNITHOLOGICAL SOCIETY (Founded 1962) The New Mexico Ornithological Society was organized to gather and disseminate accurate information concerning the bird life of New Mexico; to promote interest in and appreciation of the value of birds, both aesthetic and economic, to further effective conservation of the state’s avifauna; to facilitate opportunity for acquaintance and fellowship among those interested in birds and nature; and to issue publications as a means of furthering these ends. Membership and Subscriptions: Membership in the New Mexico Ornithological Society is open to anyone with an interest in birds.
    [Show full text]
  • 'RAISED TAIL' BEHAVIOR of the COLLARED TROGON (Trogon
    See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327919604 "RAISED TAIL" BEHAVIOR OF THE COLLARED TROGON (Trogon collaris) Article · September 2018 CITATION READS 1 126 1 author: Cristina Sainz-Borgo Simon Bolívar University 57 PUBLICATIONS 278 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Censo Neotropical de Aves Acuáticas en Venezuela View project Conteo de bacterias en los alimentadores artificiales de colibries View project All content following this page was uploaded by Cristina Sainz-Borgo on 25 October 2018. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. Sainz-Borgo Bolet´ınSAO Vol. 27 - 2018 `Raised Tailed' behavior of the Collared Trogon (No. 1 & 2) { Pag: 1-3 `RAISED TAIL' BEHAVIOR OF THE COLLARED TROGON (Trogon collaris) DESPLIEGUE DE LA COLA LEVANTADA EN EL TROGON ACOLLARADO (Trogon collaris) Cristina Sainz-Borgo1 Abstract The `raised tail' behavior of two pairs of Collared Trogon (Trogon collaris) was observed in the Coastal Range of Venezuela. In both observations, a male and female rapidly raised their tails to a horizontal position and slowly returned them to a vertical hanging position. During these displays, both individuals simultaneously emitted loud calls approximately every 5 seconds, forming a duet. The first display lasted 30 minutes while the second lasted approximately 45 minutes. This `raised tail' behavior has been reported for several species of trogons during courtship and when mobbing a predator. Because there were no predators present during both observations, the described `raised tail' behavior was most likely a courtship display.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction
    Threatened Birds of Asia: The BirdLife International Red Data Book Editors N. J. COLLAR (Editor-in-chief), A. V. ANDREEV, S. CHAN, M. J. CROSBY, S. SUBRAMANYA and J. A. TOBIAS Maps by RUDYANTO and M. J. CROSBY Principal compilers and data contributors ■ BANGLADESH P. Thompson ■ BHUTAN R. Pradhan; C. Inskipp, T. Inskipp ■ CAMBODIA Sun Hean; C. M. Poole ■ CHINA ■ MAINLAND CHINA Zheng Guangmei; Ding Changqing, Gao Wei, Gao Yuren, Li Fulai, Liu Naifa, Ma Zhijun, the late Tan Yaokuang, Wang Qishan, Xu Weishu, Yang Lan, Yu Zhiwei, Zhang Zhengwang. ■ HONG KONG Hong Kong Bird Watching Society (BirdLife Affiliate); H. F. Cheung; F. N. Y. Lock, C. K. W. Ma, Y. T. Yu. ■ TAIWAN Wild Bird Federation of Taiwan (BirdLife Partner); L. Liu Severinghaus; Chang Chin-lung, Chiang Ming-liang, Fang Woei-horng, Ho Yi-hsian, Hwang Kwang-yin, Lin Wei-yuan, Lin Wen-horn, Lo Hung-ren, Sha Chian-chung, Yau Cheng-teh. ■ INDIA Bombay Natural History Society (BirdLife Partner Designate) and Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History; L. Vijayan and V. S. Vijayan; S. Balachandran, R. Bhargava, P. C. Bhattacharjee, S. Bhupathy, A. Chaudhury, P. Gole, S. A. Hussain, R. Kaul, U. Lachungpa, R. Naroji, S. Pandey, A. Pittie, V. Prakash, A. Rahmani, P. Saikia, R. Sankaran, P. Singh, R. Sugathan, Zafar-ul Islam ■ INDONESIA BirdLife International Indonesia Country Programme; Ria Saryanthi; D. Agista, S. van Balen, Y. Cahyadin, R. F. A. Grimmett, F. R. Lambert, M. Poulsen, Rudyanto, I. Setiawan, C. Trainor ■ JAPAN Wild Bird Society of Japan (BirdLife Partner); Y. Fujimaki; Y. Kanai, H.
    [Show full text]
  • Chiang Mai Birding Trip
    Southern Birding Services ABN 89 846 854 782 PO Box 420 Waikerie 5330, South Australia Ph. +61 409 763172 www.sabirding.com [email protected] Western Java Birding Trip Report 16-22 May 2011 Peter Waanders Javan Trogon, Gunung Gede NP, 17 May 2011 (c) P Waanders 2011 Introduction This report covers a week‟s birding trip to western Java (Indonesia) in May 2011. The trip was organised by local guide Indra Ferdinand and was timed to coincide with the start of the dry season. The weather during the trip was mostly dry and pleasant (in the mountains) to hot (on the plains) with occasional showers. Species names in this report follow IOC. A total of 140 species were recorded, of which 56 were lifers for me. Click here for my Picasa album with 100 photos of this trip. Southern Birding Services runs scheduled and custom-made bird tours in Australia and can arrange tours to South-east Asia - visit our website. Itinerary 16 May - Arrival Jakarta airport, drive to Cibodas, birding Gunung Gede NP. 17 May - Full day birding up Gunung Gede. 18 May - Morning birding up Gunung Gede and Cibodas Botanical Gardens, Golf Course, farm plots. Afternoon birding Gunung Mas Tea Plantation. Evening birding Cibodas Botanical Gardens. 19 May – Drive to Jakarta, morning at Maura Angke, afternoon drive to Caritas, afternoon birding Caritas Forest Reserve. 20 May – Full day birding Caritas Forest Reserve. 21 May – Drive to Serang. Morning birding at Pulau Dua. Afternoon drive to Jakarta. 22 May – Morning birding at Maura Angke before returning to Jakarta airport.
    [Show full text]
  • Indonesia Highlights of Western Indonesia (Flores, Komodo, Bali, Java & Sumatra) 15Th to 28Th July 2019 (14 Days)
    Indonesia Highlights of Western Indonesia (Flores, Komodo, Bali, Java & Sumatra) 15th to 28th July 2019 (14 days) Trip Report Javan Banded Pitta by Glen Valentine Trip report compiled by Tour Leader: Glen Valentine Top 10 list as voted for by the tour participants: 1. Javan Trogon 2. Red-crowned Barbet 3. Green Broadbill 4. Javan Frogmouth 5. Buffy Fish Owl 6. Pygmy Cupwing 7. Rufous-collared Kingfisher 8. Javan Banded Pitta 9. Red-bearded Bee-eater 10. Bali Myna Bali Myna (Starling) by Dennis Braddy Tour Summary… This short but extremely productive and varied tour, covering a fine selection of hand-picked “top birding sites and destinations” throughout Western Indonesia was an immense success, once again and was an absolute joy to lead due to our enthusiastic, fun and very good-natured group. Our quick-fire, two-week tour of western Indonesia, kicked off in Denpasar, on the island of Bali where we all met up at the Harris Hotel for an introductory dinner and flight the following morning to the island of Flores, situated in Nusa Tenggara (The Lesser Sundas), a chain of islands running mostly east/west to the east of Wallace’s line, therefore having a distinctly Australasian flair about their avifauna. After arriving in the large, coastal town of Labuan Bajo, the gateway to the popular and famous Komodo Island, we boarded our minibus and began the windy drive east, up into the hills, towards our first biding locality of the tour, the forest reserve of Puarlolo. This small reserve was initially set aside to protect the endemic and highly threatened Flores Monarch that was only discovered from this area as recently as 1971 and is still only known from a few scattered localities in the sub-montane forest on Flores.
    [Show full text]
  • BIRDS of HALIMUN-SALAK NATIONAL PARK, WEST JAVA, INDONESIA: Saitou, N
    Treubia 43: 31–46, December 2016 Treubia 43: 47–70, December 2016 BIRDS OF HALIMUN-SALAK NATIONAL PARK, WEST JAVA, INDONESIA: Saitou, N. & M. Nei 1987. The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 4: 406-425. ENDEMISM, CONSERVATION AND THREATENED STATUS Simmons, N.B. 2005. Order Chiroptera. In: Wilson, D.E. & D.M. Reeder (eds.). Mammal Species of the Dewi M. Prawiradilaga World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press. pp. 312- Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense, Research Center for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI) 529. Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor Km 46 Cibinong 16911, Indonesia e-mail: [email protected] Suyanto, A. 2001. Kelelawar di Indonesia. Bogor: Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia. 126 pp. Temminck, C.J. 1827 (1824)-1841. Monographies de Mammalogie, ou description de quelques genres de Received: 8 August 2016; Accepted: 5 December 2016 mammiferes, dont les espèces ont été observées dans les différens musées de l’Europe. C.C. Vander Hoek, Leiden, 392 pp. ABSTRACT Thompson, J.D., T.J. Gibson & F. Plewniak 1997. The Clustal X Windows Interface: Flexible Strategies for Multiple Sequence Alignment Aided by the Quality Analysis Tools. Nucleic Acids Research, 24: Bird surveys and long-term bird monitoring in Gunung Halimun-Salak National Park were 4876-4882. conducted between 1998 and 2009 to obtain comprehensive data on the bird species in the area. Compilation of bird data from this study and other studies have recorded a total of 271 species, which is about 53.4% of van Strien, N.J. 1986. Abbreviated checklist of the mammals of the Australian Archipelago.
    [Show full text]
  • An Update of Wallacels Zoogeographic Regions of the World
    REPORTS To examine the temporal profile of ChC produc- specification of a distinct, and probably the last, 3. G. A. Ascoli et al., Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 9, 557 (2008). tion and their correlation to laminar deployment, cohort in this lineage—the ChCs. 4. J. Szentágothai, M. A. Arbib, Neurosci. Res. Program Bull. 12, 305 (1974). we injected a single pulse of BrdU into pregnant A recent study demonstrated that progeni- CreER 5. P. Somogyi, Brain Res. 136, 345 (1977). Nkx2.1 ;Ai9 females at successive days be- tors below the ventral wall of the lateral ventricle 6. L. Sussel, O. Marin, S. Kimura, J. L. Rubenstein, tween E15 and P1 to label mitotic progenitors, (i.e., VGZ) of human infants give rise to a medial Development 126, 3359 (1999). each paired with a pulse of tamoxifen at E17 to migratory stream destined to the ventral mPFC 7. S. J. Butt et al., Neuron 59, 722 (2008). + 18 8. H. Taniguchi et al., Neuron 71, 995 (2011). label NKX2.1 cells (Fig. 3A). We first quanti- ( ). Despite species differences in the develop- 9. L. Madisen et al., Nat. Neurosci. 13, 133 (2010). fied the fraction of L2 ChCs (identified by mor- mental timing of corticogenesis, this study and 10. J. Szabadics et al., Science 311, 233 (2006). + phology) in mPFC that were also BrdU+. Although our findings raise the possibility that the NKX2.1 11. A. Woodruff, Q. Xu, S. A. Anderson, R. Yuste, Front. there was ChC production by E15, consistent progenitors in VGZ and their extended neurogenesis Neural Circuits 3, 15 (2009).
    [Show full text]
  • The Birds of the Dar Es Salaam Area, Tanzania
    Le Gerfaut, 77 : 205–258 (1987) BIRDS OF THE DAR ES SALAAM AREA, TANZANIA W.G. Harvey and KM. Howell INTRODUCTION Although the birds of other areas in Tanzania have been studied in detail, those of the coast near Dar es Salaam have received relatively little recent attention. Ruggles-Brise (1927) published a popular account of some species from Dar es Salaam, and Fuggles-Couchman (1939,1951, 1953, 1954, 1962) included the area in a series of papers of a wider scope. More recently there have been a few other stu­ dies dealing with particular localities (Gardiner and Gardiner 1971), habitats (Stuart and van der Willigen 1979; Howell 1981), or with individual species or groups (Harvey 1971–1975; Howell 1973, 1977). Britton (1978, 1981) has docu­ mented specimens collected in the area previous to 1967 by Anderson and others. The purpose of this paper is to draw together data from published reports, unpu­ blished records, museum specimens and our own observations on the frequency, habitat, distribution and breeding of the birds of the Dar es Salaam area, here defi­ ned as the portion of the mainland within a 64-km radius of Dar es Salaam, inclu­ ding the small islands just offshore (Fig. 1). It includes Dar es Salaam District and portions of two others, Kisarawe and Bagamoyo. Zanzibar has been omitted because its unusual avifauna has been reviewed (Pakenham 1979). Most of the mainland areas are readily accessible from Dar es Salaam by road and the small islands may be reached by boat. The geography of the area is described in Sutton (1970).
    [Show full text]
  • Coordinated Monitoring of the Endangered Spotted Ground Thrush in the East African Breeding and Non-Breeding Grounds
    CEPF SMALL GRANT FINAL PROJECT COMPLETION REPORT I. BASIC DATA Organization Legal Name: BirdLife International Project Title (as stated in the grant agreement): Coordinated Monitoring of the Endangered Spotted Ground Thrush in the East African Breeding and Non-breeding Grounds Implementation Partners for This Project: Wildlife Conservation Society of Tanzania, Nature Kenya, A Rocha Kenya, individual contributors of basic data Project Dates (as stated in the grant agreement): March 1, 2007 - December 31, 2008 Date of Report (month/year): February 2009 II. OPENING REMARKS Provide any opening remarks that may assist in the review of this report. Spotted Ground Thrush Zoothera guttata is an endemic resident and intra-African migrant bird species. The species is classified as Endangered. Although the species can be found in seven African countries (DRC, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania), Z. g. fischeri, one of the five recognised races of the species, is confined to and migrates within the coastal forests of Kenya and Tanzania. Recent records from Rondo Plateau in the coastal forests of Lindi District in Tanzania indicate that Z. g. fischeri breeds in southern Tanzania coastal forests. It is known as a non-breeding visitor to forests on the Kenya coast and north- eastern Tanzania from Lamu to Pugu Hills. Since the bird is a cross-border species it is particularly difficult to conserve and requires concerted action. In response to this challenge, BirdLife International developed an International Action Plan for the species and further translated it into the national contexts for Kenya and Tanzania using participative stakeholder workshops. In all the three action plans, it is recognised that limited knowledge about the species distribution, movement and population size is a critical problem hindering its conservation, especially in East Africa.
    [Show full text]
  • List of References for Avian Distributional Database
    List of references for avian distributional database Aastrup,P. and Boertmann,D. (2009.) Biologiske beskyttelsesområder i nationalparkområdet, Nord- og Østgrønland. Faglig rapport fra DMU. Aarhus Universitet. Danmarks Miljøundersøgelser. Pp. 1-92. Accordi,I.A. and Barcellos,A. (2006). Composição da avifauna em oito áreas úmidas da Bacia Hidrográfica do Lago Guaíba, Rio Grande do Sul. Revista Brasileira de Ornitologia. 14:(2): 101-115. Accordi,I.A. (2002). New records of the Sickle-winged Nightjar, Eleothreptus anomalus (Caprimulgidae), from a Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil wetland. Ararajuba. 10:(2): 227-230. Acosta,J.C. and Murúa,F. (2001). Inventario de la avifauna del parque natural Ischigualasto, San Juan, Argentina. Nótulas Faunísticas. 3: 1-4. Adams,M.P., Cooper,J.H., and Collar,N.J. (2003). Extinct and endangered ('E&E') birds: a proposed list for collection catalogues. Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club. 123A: 338-354. Agnolin,F.L. (2009). Sobre en complejo Aratinga mitrata (Psittaciformes: Psittacidae) en el noroeste Argentino. Comentarios sistemáticos. Nótulas Faunísticas - Segunda Serie. 31: 1-5. Ahlström,P. and Mild,K. (2003.) Pipits & wagtails of Europe, Asia and North America. Identification and systematics. Christopher Helm. London, UK. Pp. 1-496. Akinpelu,A.I. (1994). Breeding seasons of three estrildid species in Ife-Ife, Nigeria. Malimbus. 16:(2): 94-99. Akinpelu,A.I. (1994). Moult and weight cycles in two species of Lonchura in Ife-Ife, Nigeria. Malimbus . 16:(2): 88-93. Aleixo,A. (1997). Composition of mixed-species bird flocks and abundance of flocking species in a semideciduous forest of southeastern Brazil. Ararajuba. 5:(1): 11-18.
    [Show full text]