The China Earthquake Supersite

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A.1 Supersite Title The China earthquake Supersite

A.2 Supersite Coordinator Email [email protected] (Organization only) Name: Yun Surname: Shao Position: Professor Personal web page: http://aircas.ac.cn/sourcedb_air_cas/cn/expert/yjy/201811/t20181106_51653 09.html Institution: Aerospace Information Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Institution type Education (Government, Education, other): Institution web http://www.aircas.cas.cn/ address: Street address: No.9 Dengzhuang South Road City: Beijing Postal Code/Zip 100094 Code: Country: China Province, Haidian District, Beijing Territory, State, or County: Phone Number: +86-13601199730

Professor Shao leads a microwave remote sensing team at the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, and is the President of the newly established Deqing Academy of Satellite Application (DASA), Deqing, Zhejiang province.

The initial data ordering for the first earthquakes will be conducted by graduate students in Professor Shao’s newly established geodesy group but we aim to share the burden of data ordering among Supersite team members. We hope that once the Supersite is well established, the Chinese Earthquake Administration will be able to assume the responsibility for data ordering as part of their response efforts for major earthquakes.

A.3 Core Research Team This section should provide the contact information of each participant to the initial Event Supersite team. Further participants may be added at any time. Note that most space agencies require that each person using the data (i.e. at least the Supersite team members) should sign a license agreement, with specific rules on data use.

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Email [email protected] (Organization only) Name: Zhengkang Surname: Shen Position: Professor Personal web None page: Institution: Peking University Institution type Education (Government, Education, other): Institution web https://www.pku.edu.cn/ address: Street address: No 5 Yiheyuan Road City: Beijing Postal Code/Zip 100871 Code: Country: China Province, Haidian District, Beijing Territory, State, or County: Phone Number: +86-62754037

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Email [email protected] (Organization only) Name: Guosheng Surname: Qu Position: Full Prof. Director of S&T, National Earthquake Response Support Service (NERSS), Ministry of Emergency Management Vice President of The International Emergency Management Society (TIEMS) Experts Group Leader of China Earthquake SAR Deputy General Team Leader of China International SAR Team (CISAR) General Coach of China USAR (CSAR). Classifier for IEC/IER of UNOCHA. Expert of Fire Fighting Bureau of Ministry of Emergency Management Personal web None page: Institution: National Earthquake Response Support Service (NERSS),Ministry of Emergency Management Institution type Government (Government, Education, other): Institution web NERSS address: Street address: No.1, West Yuquan Street, Shijingshan, Beijing City: Beijing Postal Code/Zip 100049 Code: Country: China Province, Haidian District, Beijing Territory, State, or County: Phone Number: +86-13801225593

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Email [email protected] (Organization only) Name: Jianbao Surname: Sun Position: Professor Personal web http://www.eq-igl.ac.cn/contents/10/30805.html page: Institution: State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics, Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration Institution type Education (Government, Education, other): Institution web http://www.eq-igl.ac.cn/ address: Street address: Yard No. 1, Hua Yan Li City: Beijing Postal Code/Zip 100029 Code: Country: China Province, Chaoyang District, Beijing Territory, State, or County: Phone Number: +86-62009661

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Email [email protected] (Organization only) Name: Wenyu Surname: Gong Position: Researcher Personal web http://www.eq-igl.ac.cn/contents/11/30833.html page: Institution: State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics, Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration Institution type Education (Government, Education, other): Institution web http://www.eq-igl.ac.cn/ address: Street address: Yard No. 1, Hua Yan Li City: Beijing Postal Code/Zip 100029 Code: Country: China Province, Chaoyang District, Beijing Territory, State, or County: Phone Number: +86-62009346

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Email [email protected] (Organization only) Name: Xiaoqing Surname: Wang Position: Researcher Personal web http://www.seis.ac.cn/manage/html/8a9080a125b29b1b0125b2a3093a0002/_c page: ontent/10_06/25/1277430254101.html Institution: Institute of earthquake science, CEA Institution type Education (Government, Education, other): Institution web http://www.seis.ac.cn/manage/html/8a9080a125b29b1b01 address: 25b2a3093a0002/index.html Street address: No 63, Fuxing Street City: Beijing Postal Code/Zip 100036 Code: Country: China Province, Haidian District, Beijing Territory, State, or County: Phone Number: +86-13910925872

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Email [email protected] (Organization only) Name: Zhiwei Surname: Li Position: Professor Personal web http://faculty.csu.edu.cn/lizhiwei/zh_CN/yjgk/11961/list/index.htm page: Institution: Central South University Institution type Education (Government, Education, other): Institution web http://www.csu.edu.cn/ address: Street address: No.932 LuShan South Road City: Changcha Postal Code/Zip 410083 Code: Country: China Province, Hunan Province Territory, State, or County: Phone Number: +86-13574159478

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Email [email protected] (Organization only) Name: Guangcai Surname: Feng Position: Associate Professor Personal web http://gip.csu.edu.cn/bk/?id=Feng%20guangcai page: Institution: Central South University Institution type Education (Government, Education, other): Institution web http://www.csu.edu.cn/ address: Street address: No.932 LuShan South Road City: Changcha Postal Code/Zip 410083 Code: Country: China Province, Hunan Province Territory, State, or County: Phone Number: None

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Email [email protected] (Organization only) Name: Webin Surname: Xu Position: Professor Personal web None page: Institution: Hong Kong Polytechnic University Institution type Education (Government, Education, other): Institution web https://www.polyu.edu.hk/web/en/home/index.html address: Street address: Hung Hom, Kowloon City: HongKong Postal Code/Zip None Code: Country: China Province, HongKong Territory, State, or County: Phone Number: None

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Email [email protected] (Organization only) Name: Faqi Surname: Diao Position: Professor Personal web https://dkxy.cug.edu.cn/info/1015/1603.htm page: Institution: Institute of Geophysics and Geomatics, China University of Geosciences Institution type Education (Government, Education, other): Institution web http://www.cug.edu.cn/ address: Street address: No. 388, Lumo Road City: Wuhan Postal Code/Zip 430074 Code: Country: China Province, Hubei Province Territory, State, or County: Phone Number: +86-13476839392

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Email [email protected] (Organization only) Name: Chou Surname: Xie Position: Associate Professor Personal web None page: Institution: Aerospace Information Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Institution type Education (Government, Education, other): Institution web http://www.aircas.cas.cn/ address: Street address: No.9 Dengzhuang South Road City: Beijing Postal Code/Zip 100094 Code: Country: China Province, Haidian District, Beijing Territory, State, or County: Phone Number: +86-18501163731

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Email [email protected] (Organization only) Name: Zhenhong Surname: Li Position: Professor Personal web https://www.ncl.ac.uk/engineering/staff/profile/zhenhongli.html#background page: Institution: Newcastle University Institution type Education (Government, Education, other): Institution web https://www.ncl.ac.uk/ address: Street address: Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU City: Newcastle Postal Code/Zip None Code: Country: UK Province, Newcastle Territory, State, or County: Phone Number: +44 (0) 191 208 5704

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Email [email protected] (Organization only) Name: Falk Surname: Amelung Position: Professor Personal web https://people.miami.edu/profile/[email protected] page: Institution: University of Miami Institution type Education (Government, Education, other): Institution web https://welcome.miami.edu/ address: Street address: Coral Gables City: Miami Postal Code/Zip 33124 Code: Country: USA Province, Florida Territory, State, or County: Phone Number: (305) 421-4949

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Email [email protected] (Organization only) Name: Rongjiang Surname: Wang Position: Professor Personal web https://www.gfz-potsdam.de/staff/rongjiang-wang/sec21/ page: Institution: German Research Centre for Geosciences(GFZ) Institution type Education (Government, Education, other): Institution web https://www.gfz-potsdam.de/startseite/ address: Street address: Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam City: Potsdam Postal Code/Zip 14473 Code: Country: Germany Province, Postdam Territory, State, or County: Phone Number: +49 331 288-1209

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Email [email protected] (Organization only) Name: Xiaoran Surname: Lv Position: PhD student Personal web None page: Institution: Aerospace Information Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Institution type Education (Government, Education, other): Institution web http://www.aircas.cas.cn/ address: Street address: No.9 Dengzhuang South Road City: Beijing Postal Code/Zip 100094 Code: Country: China Province, Haidian District, Beijing Territory, State, or County: Phone Number: +86-15201078856

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Email [email protected] (Organization only) Name: Shu Surname: Ye Position: PhD student Personal web None page: Institution: Aerospace Information Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Institution type Education (Government, Education, other): Institution web http://www.aircas.cas.cn/ address: Street address: No.9 Dengzhuang South Road City: Beijing Postal Code/Zip 100094 Code: Country: China Province, Haidian District, Beijing Territory, State, or County: Phone Number: +86-15811180629

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Email [email protected] (Organization only) Name: Xiaoyong Surname: Wu Position: PhD student Personal web None page: Institution: Aerospace Information Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Institution type Education (Government, Education, other): Institution web http://www.aircas.cas.cn/ address: Street address: No.9 Dengzhuang South Road City: Beijing Postal Code/Zip 100094 Code: Country: China Province, Haidian District, Beijing Territory, State, or County: Phone Number: +86-18810200885

A.4 Region of Interest Identify the region of interest (use a figure) and specify geographic coordinates in Lat/Long (please attach a shapefile or KML file).

See Fig. 5

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A.5 Supersite motivation (2 pages) This section should provide a description of the state of the art (include comprehensive reference list), scientific problems, available data, further data needs, benefits of the Supersite for science and society, also in terms of risk prevention. Please address here criteria 1,2,3,4 of section 5.1.1 Please give a clear description of the Supersite objectives in a bullet list.

Earthquake hazard in China China is one of the countries with the highest earthquake hazard and risk in the world. Since 1900 China was struck by 18 earthquakes with magnitude >7, many of them occurred in densely populated areas, causing great destruction and many fatalities. Deadly earthquakes since 1900 include the 1976 Tangshan earthquake (260,000-650,000 fatalities) and the 2008 M7.8 Wenchuan earthquake (80,000 fatalities). Worldwide, China has produced 3 of the 4 most deadliest earthquakes in history. Apart from the 1976 earthquake, these were the 1556 Schaanxi earthquake (830,00 fatalities) and the 1920 Haiyuan earthquake (270,000 fatalities). The earthquakes in northeastern China, are part of the intraplate seismicity on the North China craton. The earthquakes in central and western China are caused by the convergence of the Indian and Eurasian tectonic plates.

Figure 1. Earthquake hazard of China. Spheres: large earthquakes (M>7) during the last 3000 years (999 BC to 2006). Color shadings: Annual expected earthquake loss per capita: Red: >100 Rmb; Yellow: < 5 Rmb.

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Summary of Proposal Objectives This Supersite proposal has 4 science objectives and one data sharing objective: Objective 1: Imaging of new earthquakes. Acquire multi-sensor SAR imagery for all significant earthquakes occurring in Supersite study area for detailed studies of the co-seismic and post- seismic deformation processes. Acquire high-resolution optical imagery for earthquakes with surface faulting (magnitude larger than ~7.0). Objective 2: Longmenshan Fault post-seismic deformation. Acquire 6-day Sentinel-1 imagery of the 2008 Sichuan earthquake region in order to better resolve post-seismic deformation and understand how it affects nearby faults. Which faults are loaded and brought closer to rupture by continuing post-seismic deformation? This objective will support the newly established China Seismic Experimental Site (CSES). Objective 3: Haiyuan Fault interseismic deformation. Acquire high-resolution Cosmo-Skymed imagery of a selected section of the Haiyuan fault to study the interseismic deformation and aseismic creep. Is creep continuous in time or episodic? This has implications for seismic hazard as episodic creep could trigger larger events. Objective 4: Support the China Seismic Experimental Site (CSES). Acquire 6-day Sentinel-1 imagery at CSES sites to map the interseismic deformation. What is the current status of the major active faults in the CSES area? Develop a high resolution structural model for the active faults by joint analysis of InSAR with other in-situ observations. Objective 5: Data sharing. Advance data sharing in China (GNSS, Seismic, InSAR). Promote the GEO data sharing principles and the GEO objectives. Promote international collaboration and participation of China in the GSNL initiative (with two L-band satellites to be launched in 2021, China could become an important data provider).

Scientific problems and detailed description of proposal objectives 1. Imaging of new earthquakes. We will use Cosmo-Skymed to obtain multi-sensor SAR imagery for all major earthquakes in China (magnitude larger than 6). This data will supplement imagery routinely acquired by Sentinel-1 and serve to better resolve co- seismic and post-seismic deformation processes. We request 4 month of post-seismic imagery after each major earthquake. For earthquakes with surface faulting we also will use optical imagery as available. 2. Post-seismic deformation along the Longmenshan fault. The 2008 M7.8 Wenchuan, Sichuan earthquake, along the Longmenshan fault, was the largest earthquake in China since the 1931 M8 Fuyun and the 1950 M8.6 Assam-Tibet earthquakes. The co-seismic deformation has been studied using InSAR and GNSS. Campaign GNSS have detected about 15 cm of post-seismic deformation that has been attributed to a combination of afterslip and viscoelastic relaxation (Diao et al., 2018). In 2013 a M6.6. earthquake occurred about 100 km to the south (Lushan earthquake) and in 2017 an M6.5 occurred about 150 km to the north of the Wenchuan rupture zone (Jiuzhaigou earthquake). associated with ~200 and ~25 fatalities, respectively. Stress change calculations indicate that the occurrence of these two earthquakes was promoted by the deformation associated with the 2008 event. Estimating earthquake hazard in the region has been difficult because it is not known by how much the faults have been loaded by post-seismic deformation. Answering this question requires a better understanding of the post-seismic deformation mechanism (afterslip versus relaxation) which has been difficult to constrain because there are no observations of the vertical deformation. InSAR time-series with Sentinel-1 have produced few usable results because of temporal decorrelation. Here we request the

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acquisition of 6-day repeat imagery for one Sentinel-1 satellite track (track 62) which ensures better interferometric coherence to better constrain the vertical deformation. 3. Interseismic deformation along the Haiyuan fault. The Haiyuan fault at the northeastern edge of the Tibetan platform is one of China’s most active faults moving at a rate of ~5-10 mm/yr. The fault has produced many historic earthquakes, including an M7.8 earthquake in 1920, killing 80,000 people. The fault segment to the west of the 1920 rupture zone is partially creeping, partly continuously and partly in bursts [Jolivet et al., 2013; 2015]. We propose to image the creeping section of the fault with Cosmo-Skymed. Temporally and spatially dense InSAR imagery will allow to better constrain (1) the variation of the creeping depth along the fault, and (2) the temporal behaviour of creep. This project will address the question whether the aseismic creep pattern is stationary or variable in time. 4. Support research at the China Seismic Experimental Site (CSES). Since 1965, there has been every decade an average of 14 Ms≥6.0 earthquakes of which 3 were Ms≥7.0, including the 2008 Ms8.0 Wenchuan Earthquake, the 2013 Ms7.0 Lushan Earthquake and the 2014 Ms6.5 Ludian Earthquake. All events caused tremendous loss of lives and property, highlighting the importance of earthquake science for improving the preparedness, mitigation, and management of earthquake disasters. In response, CSES was launched in 2018 at the 10-year anniversary of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. CSES follows international hazards research initiatives such as the Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC). CSES has open data policy. We propose to image the interseismic deformation of the Xianshuihe, Zemuhe, Xiaojiang Faults. Given the dense vegetation we request 6 days Sentinel-1 observations. We expect the ground measurements and advanced InSAR processing techniques will help us reduce residual signals. Overall, this project will help us to better (1) resolve the current deformation; (2) constrain the fault structure.

Figure 2: (Left) Location of China Seismic Experimental Site (CSES). (Right) Current and planned GNSS stations within the CSES. CSES was launched in 2018 at the 10year anniversary of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. CSES follows international initiatives such as the Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC) and has open data policy.

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Benefits for emergency management Satellite-derived earthquake deformation data will aid emergency management department to respond to earthquakes.

References Diao, F., Wang, R., Wang, Y., Xiong, X., & Walter, T. R. (2018). Fault behavior and lower crustal rheology inferred from the first seven years of postseismic GPS data after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 495, 202-212. Jolivet, R., Lasserre, C., Doin, M. P., Peltzer, G., Avouac, J. P., Sun, J., & Dailu, R. (2013). Spatio- temporal evolution of aseismic slip along the Haiyuan fault, China: Implications for fault frictional properties. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 377, 23-33. Jolivet, R., Candela, T., Lasserre, C., Renard, F., Klinger, Y., & Doin, M. P. (2015). The Burst-Like Behavior of Aseismic Slip on a Rough Fault: The Creeping Section of the Haiyuan Fault, ChinaShort Note. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 105(1), 480-488.

A.6 Access to in situ data This section should provide a detailed description of the in situ data available to the Event Supersite participants. Please address here criteria 4 of section 6.1. This section should describe the limitations to open access which the team requests during the emergency.

Type of data Data source Data access e.g. seismic waveforms, GPS …… Please describe how to access the data, type of access time series, gas (unregistered, registered, limited to GSNL scientists, measurements, etc. etc.), and future developments in the Supersite framework. Seismic event locations Chinese Earthquake Seismic events are available from Administration (CEA) http://www.ceic.ac.cn/history GNSS position time- Chinese Earthquake The CEA operates a network of 260 continuous GNSS series Administration (CEA) stations and additionally archives data by 2000 regional stations (Fig. 3). Continuous GNSS time series data can be downloaded from: http://www.cgps.ac.cn/gcfbt.htm?id=d3784f4d-8c36- 436f-9b55-1fe2b52a7b5a The data for regional GNSS are available on request. Applications can be submitted at: http://neiscn.org/chinsoftdmds/ltwshujugongxinag/in dex.jhtml Seismic waveforms Chinese Earthquake The seismic Network Data Backup Center archives the Administration (CEA) seismic waveform data from the network shown in Fig. 4. Seismic waveform data can be applied for at: http://www.seisdmc.ac.cn/class/view?id=34

Provincial Geological Surveys. In addition to the CEA, several provincial geological surveys and research institutes maintain GPS and seismic networks.

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Figure 3: GNSS network of China, operated by the Chinese Earthquake Administration Red stars: Base/Continuous Station (260 stations); blue stars: Regional Station (2000 stations). Data for all stations are archived at the CEA.

Figure 4: Seismic network of China operated by the Chinese Earthquake Administration. Red triangle: broadband stations; Yellow triangles: very broadband station, green triangles: ultra broadband station; blue triangles: short period stations.

Objectives regarding in-situ data The ultimate objective of the Supersite is to facilitate open access to all Chinese GNSS and seismic data and data products following the GEO data sharing principles. Open data access to both data products and raw data exists in the U.S., Europe and Japan. In China, data access was historically restricted but policies are opening up. Open access was provided to the ground acceleration recordings of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake at the occasion of the 2010 Beijing GEO plenary (network operated by the National Strong Earthquake Network Center http://www.iem.ac.cn/detail.html?id=19, These recordings are today available on request. An important step forward is the new China Seismic Experimental Site (CSES) which will have open data access (see below).

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Our strategy to advance open data access is (1) by demonstrating the benefits using the satellite data provided by the GSNL initiative, and (2) by defining and implementing new open data access milestones every 2 years when the Supersite is up for renewal. This proposal has two co-PIs affiliated with the CEA (Drs. Wang and Sun), who have agreed to make the CEA leadership aware of GEO’s open data sharing policies. Milestone for GNSS data: During the first two years of the project the point-position timeseries for the CSES site (Longmenshan fault) and for the Haiyuan fault areas (base and regional data) will be placed on the CSES website. Milestone for seismic waveforms: Access to seismic data is more complicated. If in the first two years of the project no seismic waveforms can be made openly available, the two-year progress report will provide a detailed description about China’s seismic networks and their data policies. Data sharing at the CSES site: The China Seismic Experimental Site maintains an open data and collaboration policy and warmly welcome scientists from the international community to participate in studies. The CSES scientists will provide basic data and models of the region, including fault map, crustal velocity models, GPS velocity field, etc. At the same time, we also warmly welcome scientists to archive their data in our server and share them through our website at http://www.cses.ac.cn/en/?p=82.

A.7 Supersite activity work plan This section should describe the work plan (including timeline) of the Supersite implementation, e.g. in terms of scientific activities, in situ and EO data provision to the community, infrastructures for data and research products archival and dissemination, benefits for end-users, etc. Please address here also criteria 10 and 11 of section 5.1. (There is a good level of involvement of the Supersite Coordinator with the local DRM end-user communities. At least part of the proposal team commits to support the end-users' uptake of the science products generated for the Supersite.)

In the first two years, we will place the point-position GNSS data of CSES site (Longmenshan fault and Haiyuan fault areas) on the CSES website. And at least, we will provide a detailed description about China’s seismic networks and data polices. The study results about co-seismic and post-seismic deformation process of earthquakes (magnitude larger than 6) will be provided to the emergency management department. The study results about the spatial and temporal creep along Haiyuan fault will also be provided to the emergency management department and we will try to place these results on CSES website. The study results about stress loaded caused by post-seismic deformation of 2008 Sichuan earthquake and fault structure of Xianshuihe, Zemuhe, Xiaojiang Faults will also be provided to the emergence management department and be placed on CSES website.

A.8 Available Resources Describe resources and funding (cash and in kind) available to carry out the Supersite objectives.

Supersite objectives are supported by:

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1. National Key Research and Development Program of China: Construction and Demonstration of Accurate Emergency Service System for aerial-space-ground based cooperative remote sensing.

2. Scientific Innovation Team Project: The study on Co-seismic and Post-seismic Deformation with INSAR technology

A.9 EO data requirements This section should provide details on the EO data requirements for each mission. It should also provide justification for the requested EO data with respect to the Supersite objectives.

For objective 1 (new earthquakes) we request Cosmo-Skymed and Sentinel-1 imagery whenever an earthquake occurs. For large earthquakes with surface rupture we will also request optical imagery. As none of the team members has experience with optical imagery detailed requests will be provided after a large earthquake has occurred.

For objective 2 (Longmenshan post-seismic deformation) we request 6-day repeat Sentinel-1 imagery for one track (pink rectangle in Fig. 5).

For objective 3 (Haiyuan interseismic deformation) we request to image two locations with Cosmo-Skymed (ascending and descending). The Haiyuan fault area is the white rectangle in Fig 7).

For objective 4 (CSEC site) we request 6-day imagery from Sentinel-1 for 3 additional tracks (Fig. 6).

Sentinel-1: 6-day data request (Priority 1) Information Notes Image mode Regular wideswath Longmenshan post-seismic Orbit pass Descending track 62 (see Fig 5) Look direction n/a Beam or incidence n/a angle (range)

Polarization n/a Type of Product n/a Number of archive n/a images requested Number of new images 6-day coverage requested, per year

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Sentinel-1: 6-day data request (Priority 2) Information Notes Image mode Regular wideswath Orbit pass Ascending tracks 128 and 26, descending track 135 (descending track 62 is covered in priority 1, see Fig. 6) Look direction n/a Beam or incidence n/a angle (range)

Polarization n/a Type of Product n/a Number of archive n/a images requested

Cosmo-Skymed Information Notes Image mode Stripmap Orbit pass See Fig. 7 Look direction descending and ascending Beam or incidence tbd angle (range)

Polarization n/a Type of Product RAW Number of archive n/a images requested Number of new images 200 (4 swaths each 50 requested, per year images/yr)

Optical: Pleiades, PRISMSA, Co3D Information Notes Image mode n/a New and archived imagery will be requested after the occurrence of significant earthquakes with surface rupture.

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Orbit pass n/a Look direction n/a Beam or incidence n/a angle (range)

Polarization n/a Type of Product n/a Number of archive n/a images requested Number of new images Each satellite 10 (after big requested, per year earthquakes)

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Figure 5. Areas of interest and data request for objectives 2 and 3 (top priority). Pink rectangles: Sentinel-1 SAR swath 62 of Longmenshan fault for which we request 6- day Sentinel-1 coverage. White rectangle: Larger Haiyuan fault area (see fig. 7 for details).

Figure 6. Sentinel-1 6-day imagery request for the China Seismic Experimental Site (CSEC) site (priority 2) Blue rectangles: ascending tracks 26 and 128; gray rectangles: descending tracks 62 and 135 (track 62 is also requested Fig. 5.

(the green and red rectangles show existing stripmap ultra-fine ALOS-2 timeseries for internal reference)

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Figure 7. Cosmo- Skymed data request for the Haiyuan fault. For each area we request both ascending and descending data (total 4 swaths)

A.10 Declaration of commitment The investigator(s) should explicitly declare here that they agree to what required in criteria 4 of section 6.1. Specifically, this section should provide information on how the formal commitments of the partners will be respected.

The PI’s research group will be responsible for the ordering of data when an earthquake occurs. We rely on established platforms operated by the CEOS agencies for the dissemination of the data to the international community (e.g. the Geohazards Exploitation Platform).

A.11 Further comments The investigator(s) may provide additional comments or information to ensure that the request is properly understood. None.