Bi - Annual Journal of Science and Humanities) Editor - in - Chief C.M
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Sacred Heart Journal of Science and Humanities (Bi - annual Journal of Science and Humanities) Editor - in - Chief C.M. Varghese Principal, Sacred Heart College, Tirupattur, Vellore Dt Editor T. Jeyabalan Director, Abraham Panampara Research Centre, Sacred Heart College, Tiurpattur, Vellore Dt Editorial Board E. Thandapani, RIAS in Mathematics, University of Madras S. Kalainathan, Dept. of Physics, VIT University, Vellore K. Srinivasan, School of Chemistry, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli E. George Dharma Prakash Raj, Dept. of Computer Science & Engineering, Bharathidasan University, Trichy A. Gokulakrishnan, Dept. of Biochemistry, Islamiah College, Vaniyambadi A. Joseph Jayapaul, Dept. of Economics, Loyola College, Chennai R.S. Mani, VIT Business School, VIT University, Vellore Sethurama Subbiah, Dept. of. Social Work, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore R. Srinivasan, Dept. of Tamil, Presidency College, Chennai S. Joseph Arul Jayraj, Dept. of English, St. Joseph‟s College, Trichy J. Henry Rozario, Dept. of Social Work, Sacred Heart College, Tirupattur T. Jeyabalan, Dept. of Chemistry, Sacred Heart College, Tirupattur S. Sagayaraj, Dept. of Computer Science, Sacred Heart College, Tirupattur S. Mariappan, Dept. of Tamil, Sacred Heart College, Tirupattur Editorial Office Editor Sacred Heart Journal of Science and Humanities Sacred Heart College (Autonomous) Tirupattur, Vellore Dt. 635 601, Tamil Nadu Tel: 04179 - 220553, Fax: 04179-226423 Email: [email protected] Website: www.shctpt.edu Subscription Rate: Institution Rs. 400/- per annum All contents including text, tables, figures, photographs, and all other information are the property of “Sacred Heart Journal of Science and Humanities”, protected by copyright. The contents of pages should not be reproduced, copied, published or printed all or any part of contents in any form by any one, by any means electronic, photocopying or otherwise without the written permission of the “Sacred Heart Journal of Science and Humanities”. In case of any dispute or breach of agreement, matters will be settled in jurisdiction of Vellore. Editor From the Desk of Chief Editor Greetings from Sacred Heart College, Tirupattur. The editorial board is happy to publish another issue of the journal. As the year comes to a close, this is a moment of introspection and evaluation enabling us to venture into new resolutions for the year ahead. The dictum „Publish or Perish‟ is catching up with the academia. We are glad that these authors have made it after being put through a strict selection by the review board members. We are concluding the year of Mathematics. In the early 20th century, Srinivasa Ramanujam (1887- 1920) stated results in Mathematics that were both original and highly unconventional, such as the Ramanujan prime and the Ramanujan theta function, which have inspired a vast amount of further research.. In 1930, Sir C. V. Raman was the first `non-white', Asian and Indian to receive the Nobel prize in physics for his work on scattering of light and discovery of the Raman effect. These great scientists reached such heights with minimum facilities of the times, whereas in this modern technologically advanced era we need to raise the bar and set benchmarks to leave a legacy for posterity. It is imperative that we vibrate with the same passionate zeal of scientists of yesteryears. I am happy to put on record my heartfelt gratitude to all the authors and reviewers of these articles. I would like to thank the committee members for their unstinted efforts to make this issue see the light of day. C. M. Varghese CONTENTS Part - A SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NANOSIZED PHOSPHOMOLYBDATES AND PHOSPHOTUNGSTATES T.Jeyabalan, S.Elavarasan and S.Kalaiyarasan NATURAL DYE SENSITIZED TITANIUM DIOXIDE NANO PARTICLES FOR DYE SENSITIZED SOLAR CELL APPLICATIONS S. Ananth, T. Arumanayagam and P. Murugakoothan GROWTH, SPECTRAL AND DIELECTRIC STUDIES ON NEW ORGANIC NLO CRYSTAL: GUANIDINIUM SALICILATE (GuSL) T. Arumanayagam, S. Ananth and P. Murugakoothan STUDIES ON GOWTH AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF AN ORGANIC NLO CRYSTAL: GUANIDINIUM 3-NITROBENZOATE A. Suvitha and P. Murugakoothan EFFECT OF THICKNESS ON THE BAND GAP OF SELENIUM THIN FILMS M.Pandiaraman and N.Soundararajan NON LINEAR EFFECTS ON PHONON POLARITON MODES IN FERROELECTRIC SUPERLATTICES K.S. Joseph Wilson and V. Revathy CRYSTAL AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE OF DIETHYL 5-{(4- CHLOROPHENYL) SULFINYL}-4-{(4-CHLOROPHENYL) SULFINYL} METHYL-6-HYDROXY-2-(4-METHYLPHENYL)-3,6-CYCLOHEXADIENE- 1,3-DICARBOXYLATE J. Suresh, P.S. Harikrishnan, R. Vishnu Priya and R. Nagalakshmi SOLUTION OF A CONJECTURE ON SKOLEM MEAN GRAPH OF STARS K1, 1 K1, 1 K1, m K1, n V. Balaji, D. S. T. Ramesh and V. Maheswari A DYNAMIC APPROACH OF GENERALIZED DIFFERENCE OPERATOR TO n -MULTIPLE SERIES G.Britto Antony Xavier, H.Nasira Begum, S.U.Vasantha Kumar and .Govindan APPLICATION OF K MEANS CLUSTERING ALGORITHM FOR PASSWORD AUTHENTICATION THROUGH KEYSTROKE BIOMETRICS Nisha Raj Nair A LOCAL MONITORING APPROACH WITH SCHEDULING IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS K.J Eldh SYNTHESIS, SPECTROSCOPIC CHARACTERIZATION OF MANGANESE AND VANADIUM SUBSTITUTED KEGGIN-TYPE HETEROPOLYMOLYBDATES T. Jeyabalan and U. Anto Maria Jeraldin MIXED CONVECTION IN TWO-SIDED LID-DRIVEN DIFFERENTIALLY HEATED SQUARE CAVITY USING NANOFLUID Nitesh Mittal, A. Satheeshand D. Santhosh Kumar AN M/G/1//N GATED VACATION QUEUEING SYSTEM WITH MARKOV REGENERATIVE APPROACH R. Jayaraman ENHANCED INFORMATION RETRIEVAL AND STORAGE OF RDF GRAPH IN CLOUDS Pramod Mathew Jacob and S. Jagadeesan Part - B RESIDENTIAL WATER CONSUMPTION - A Urban Perspective K. Sathyamurthi WORK MOTIVATION AMONG THE PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS M. Govindan கைப்பொꟉ쯃ம் பணய்ப்பொꟉ쯃ம் : பொꟉள்பதிற் ி쎿டல் அ羿ப்கதில் எꟉ பிபொடம் ைி.ொர்த்டிொொ T.ï£èó£ü¡ - & ñ£ŸÁ å¿‚è•¬î º¡¬õ•î è¬ôë¡ ².Þó«ñw rq;f fhy tuyhw;wpy; jpUKbf;fhhp f. Nkhfd;fhe;jp Synthesis and Characterization of Nanosized Phosphomolybdates and Phosphotungstates T.Jeyabalan*, S.Elavarasan and S.Kalaiyarasan. APRC, Department of Chemistry, Sacred Heart College, Tirupattur 635601,India. Abstract The Phosphomolybdates(PA1) and Phosphotungstates(PA2) nanomaterials were synthesized using CTAB as structure directing agent. The XRD and SEM results avow the formation of nanostructures. The FT-IR results make known the framework of polyoxometalates. The optical absorption and Eg value extracted from DRS spectra. Keywords Fourier Transform Infrared Spectra (FT-IR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Diffused Reflectance Spectroscopy (DRS). 1. Introduction The early transition metals (V, Nb, Ta, Mo, W) in their highest oxidation states are able to form metal oxygen cluster anions, commonly referred to as polyoxometalates1. The chemistry of polyoxometalates anions, an important subarea of modern inorganic chemistry, is dominated by molybdenum and tungsten in their +6 oxidation state. During the last two decades this class of compounds has received much attention because of their interesting properties, importance as reagents in analytical procedures and wide applications in catalysis, biology, material science and medicine as inorganic drugs.1–4 The measurement of the band gap of materials is important in the semiconductor, nanomaterial and solar industries. The term “band gap” refers to the energy difference between the top of the valence band to the bottom of the conduction band electrons are able to jump from one band to another. In order for an electron to jump from a valence band to a conduction band, it requires a specific minimum amount of energy for the transition, the band gap energy.5 Measuring the band gap is important in the semiconductor and nanomaterial industries. The band gap energy of insulators is large ( > 4eV), but lower for semiconductors ( < 3eV). Based on these reflectance spectra the absorption edge was determined. Using these absorption edge values, the band gap energy was calculated. The present study aimed to directly measure the absorption edge and band-gap energies of these nanostructured materials, based on the onset of diffuse reflectance spectra. This investigation forms part of the semiconductor and microdevice chemistry. * Corresponding author In this paper, we present our results on how molybdenumoxide frameworks are modified upon substitution by phosphate units under acidic aqueous conditions at room temperature resulted in (6–x)– {HxP2Mo12O40} cluster based solids while the presence of transition metal ions result in nano- sized multidimensional framework solids.6 Here, we have investigated the growth of phosphomolybdate and phosphotungstate solids in the presence of N-cetyl-N,N,N, trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB). Reacting molybdate, tungstate and phosphate precursors with CTAB under acidic conditions at room temperature resulted in nanostructure of high aspect ratio. The size, structure and optical property were established by powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The work is therefore significant in terms of understanding the self assembly of solids. 2. Synthesis All reagents were purchased from Merck and used as received. Initially two different solutions were prepared. Na2MoO4.2H2O and was dissolved in water (Solution A). N-cetyl-N,N,N, trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) was dissolved in water (solution B) and the pH of the reaction medium was adjusted to ~2-4 using phosphoric acid. Consequently, solution A was added slowly to solution B with vigorous stirring. Instantaneously white