L'art Québécois Contemporain Au Musée / Quebec Contemporary Art in the Museum

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L'art Québécois Contemporain Au Musée / Quebec Contemporary Art in the Museum Document généré le 24 sept. 2021 02:23 Vie des arts L'art québécois contemporain au Musée Quebec Contemporary Art in the Museum Germain Lefebvre Volume 20, numéro 82, printemps 1976 URI : https://id.erudit.org/iderudit/55032ac Aller au sommaire du numéro Éditeur(s) La Société La Vie des Arts ISSN 0042-5435 (imprimé) 1923-3183 (numérique) Découvrir la revue Citer cet article Lefebvre, G. (1976). L'art québécois contemporain au Musée / Quebec Contemporary Art in the Museum. Vie des arts, 20(82), 39–91. Tous droits réservés © La Société La Vie des Arts, 1976 Ce document est protégé par la loi sur le droit d’auteur. L’utilisation des services d’Érudit (y compris la reproduction) est assujettie à sa politique d’utilisation que vous pouvez consulter en ligne. https://apropos.erudit.org/fr/usagers/politique-dutilisation/ Cet article est diffusé et préservé par Érudit. Érudit est un consortium interuniversitaire sans but lucratif composé de l’Université de Montréal, l’Université Laval et l’Université du Québec à Montréal. Il a pour mission la promotion et la valorisation de la recherche. https://www.erudit.org/fr/ L'événement 1. Pierre AYOT . .. et boule de gomme. Sérigraphie; 76 cm 3 x 56,5. (Don des Presses de l'Université du Québec) En octobre 1940, l'Art Association of Mon­ rechercher les pièces manquantes. Ainsi, le treal, devenue depuis le Musée des Beaux- tableau Les Pensées d'Alfred Pellan, des an­ Arts de Montréal, présente une importante ex­ nées 1935-1940, vient combler, en 1956, un vide position des travaux d'Alfred Pellan, récem­ malheureux. De même en est-il d'Autriche de ment rentré au pays, après un séjour de quator­ Riopelle, peint en 1954 et intégré à la collection ze ans à Paris. Le Musée assure, par ce geste en 1963, ou encore d'un dessin abstrait de qui aura l'effet d'une bombe auprès de la criti­ Brandtner, de 1930, acheté en 1970, et d'un que et des amateurs d'art montréalais, une re­ panneau de Cosgrove, daté de 1948, et acquis connaissance officielle au renouveau artistique en 1961. déjà amorcé, en milieu québécois, par la fonda­ Grâce à ces efforts concertés, une visite de tion de la Société d'Art Contemporain, l'année la collection québécoise du Musée permet sans précédente, à l'instigation de John Lyman. doute de reconstituer un panorama des mouve­ Le souci de conserver un lien étroit avec ments déterminants de notre art, mais elle l'activité créatrice contemporaine n'est pas un donne bien souvent également l'occasion de phénomène inédit au Musée où, chaque année, redécouvrir combien les artistes, et leurs œu­ à l'occasion du Salon de Printemps, on accueil­ vres surtout, échappent aux catégories dans le les œuvres les plus récentes des peintres, lesquelles on a trop tendance à les ranger bien sculpteurs et artistes graphiques. Vers la fin docilement. Autant le credo automatiste ne sau­ des années trente et précédant même le choc rait expliquer tout l'œuvre de Borduas, d'une pellanien, on voit déjà apparaître au catalogue part, autant le concept de la peinture plasti­ des Salons, les noms de plusieurs artistes qui cienne ne peut, d'autre part, rassembler et re­ vont bientôt participer à l'émancipation d'un L'art tenir dans un cadre étroit, tous les peintres art orienté vers la recherche de nouvelles va­ qu'on y a parfois rattachés, de près ou de loin, leurs esthétiques, tels Goodridge Roberts, Fritz à cause de leurs préoccupations formelles, de Brandtner, Marian Scott, Jean-Paul Lemieux et préférence géométrisantes. Paul-Émile Borduas. Un éventail de tableaux judicieusement choi­ Un an après la parution du Refus global, qui québécois sis de Borduas illustre avec une clarté remar­ vaudra à son auteur la réprobation et l'anathè- quable les principales étapes de l'évolution de me des autorités et des gens bien pensants, le son langage pictural. De la Nature morte de jury du soixante-sixième Salon de Printemps, 1941 à la gouache de 1942, en passant par tenu du 20 avril au 15 mai 1949, ose admettre contemporain l'austère portrait de Mme G. (1941), nous assis­ les œuvres de Marcel Barbeau, Pierre Gau­ tons à l'abandon progressif des prétextes figu­ vreau, Jean-Paul Mousseau, Jean-Paul Riopel­ ratifs. Les Carquois fleuris, de 1947, concrétise le, tous cosignataires du manifeste, et couronne les intuitions surréalistes et le geste automati­ son audace en attribuant le prix de peinture à que, qui prennent ensuite de l'ampleur dans Les Paul-Émile Borduas. Il est intéressant de noter au Musée Signes s'envolent (1953) et Le Jardin sous la que cette exposition réunit également des en­ neige (1954), ouvrant large le champ aux impul­ vois de Léon Bellefleur, Anne Kahane, Jean sions du subconscient. La très grande lucidité McEwen, Alfred Pellan, Jacques de Tonnan­ Germain Lefebvre de l'artiste s'impose finalement avec une inten­ cour, Albert Dumouchel, Louis Archambault et sité accrue dans \'Étoile noire, de 1957, tableau Robert Roussil. sobrement construit sur les rapports spatiaux Outre ces manifestations collectives, le Mu­ des modulations du blanc, du noir et du brun, sée tient, au début de 1949, des expositions politiques d'acquisition et permet de consti­ et qui amène le peintre à une phase limite du particulières jumelées d'artistes contempo­ tuer au cours des ans une collection qui, tant pictural. rains, où figureront, à leur début, des jeunes par son étendue que par la qualité des œuvres L'attachement déclaré d'Alfred Pellan à un créateurs qui ont atteint depuis la célébrité. qu'elle rassemble, marque la valeur des déve­ art reposant sur des bases figuratives n'est que Ainsi la programmation de l'année 1956 com­ loppements artistiques en notre province. Dès très rarement remis en question à travers toute porte les noms de Jean-Paul Riopelle, Louis 1942, le Musée se porte acquéreur d'une petite son œuvre, et son Jardin volcanique, acquis par Belzile, Fernand Toupin, Pierre Clerk. En 1960, nature morte de Paul-Émile Borduas exécutée le Musée peu après son exécution en 1960, est on y fait place à Micheline Beauchemin, Jean au cours de l'année précédente et première sans doute celui de ses travaux où il frôle de Goguen, Betty Goodwin, Jacques Hurtubise, œuvre de cet artiste à être acquise par une plus près la forme abstraite. Amalgamant dans Guido Molinari et Claude Tousignant, parmi les institution publique. sa pâte colorée les éléments les plus divers, mieux connus aujourd'hui. Plus près de nous, Les conservateurs des collections tentent de tels le tabac séché, la poudre de silice et le les expositions des Jeunes Associés, à la Ga­ suivre de près l'évolution des diverses tendan­ polyfila, Pellan façonne une surface rutilante lerie de l'Etable, ont poursuivi cet intérêt pour ces et s'efforcent de retenir, au moment où elles qui marque un sommet de sa quête d'une pein­ l'art en gestation. D'importantes rétrospectives apparaissent, les œuvres les plus significatives: ture électrique, d'une peinture tellement inten­ ont consacré, par ailleurs, dans les grandes un tableau de Marian Scott peint en 1942, un se qu'elle soit «impossible à regarder». galeries du Musée, l'œuvre des principaux maî­ autre de Maurice Raymond daté de 1943, une De Fernand Toupin et de Fernand Leduc, qui tres québécois: Paul-Émile Borduas, en 1962, toile de Fernand Leduc de 1954, ou une sculp­ furent du premier groupe des plasticiens, le Jean-Paul Riopelle, en 1963, Jean-Paul Le­ ture d'Ulysse Comtois de 1969, par exemple, Musée possède Blanc-Sablons (1964) et Plans mieux, en 1967 et, peu avant la fermeture tem­ sont acquis dans les quelques mois qui suivent érosions (1968), respectivement; œuvres dont poraire du Musée, Alfred Pellan, en 1972. leur réalisation. Lorsque, avec le recul des ans, la manière paraît à ce point différente de l'une Le besoin impératif, ressenti par les autori­ on constate des lacunes graves dans la repré­ à l'autre qu'on a peine à imaginer les liens qui tés du Musée, de témoigner de la vitalité de sentation de certaines périodes ou, plus préci­ ont pu les regrouper vraiment dans une même l'art québécois se traduit d'autre part dans les sément, de certains artistes, on n'hésite pas à école. Par ailleurs, les tableaux Rectangles et 39 L'événement lignes jaunes (1961) de Guido Molinari, Cercle François Dallégret et Hugh Leroy. Les Daude­ latin (1969) de Claude Tousignant et Rondes lin, Hayvaert, Trudeau, Gnass et Bonet y figu­ rouges et bleues (1967) de Denis Juneau qui, rent également en bonne place. Les œuvres entre autres, représentent la seconde vague du monumentales ne forment à ce jour qu'un fai­ mouvement, possèdent, malgré leur éloigne- ble ensemble mais l'aménagement longuement ment dans le temps, de réelles affinités au ni­ souhaité d'un jardin de sculpture laisse pré­ veau de leur commune recherche des effets voir, pour un proche avenir, un élargissement vibratoires de la couleur dans un espace sa­ de ce corpus. vamment mesuré et organisé. L'art de la gravure a pris un véritable essor Très nombreux sont les peintres qui, bien à Montréal grâce au talent de professeur et qu'ils aient pu manifester à un moment quel­ d'animateur du regretté Albert Dumouchel. Il a conque de leur carrière des sympathies pour su provoquer chez ses disciples et chez ses les idées esthétiques de l'un ou l'autre des étudiants un amour du patient et méticuleux groupes militants, se sont maintenus à une cer­ ouvrage et leur faire découvrir les infinies pos­ taine distance, afin de poursuivre leurs recher­ sibilités des diverses techniques de l'estampe.
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