DOCSLIB.ORG

Operational Guidelines for Wash in Emergencies

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh Ministry of Local Government Rural Development &Co-operatives OPERATIONAL GUIDELINES FOR WASH (Water Sanitation and Hygiene) IN EMERGENCIES - BANGLADESH Second Edition 2017 ii | Page WASH Emergency Guidelines Secretary Local Government Division Ministry of Local Government Rural Development & Co-operatives Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh Foreword WASH Emergency Guidelines iii | P a g e Foreword Md. Reaz Ahmad Director General (Addl. Secretary) Department of Disaster Management (DDM) Govt. of Bangladesh, Dhaka iv | Page WASH Emergency Guidelines WASH Emergency Guidelines v | P a g e Foreword Edouard Beigbeder Representative UNICEF Bangladesh vi | Page WASH Emergency Guidelines Preface Engr. Sudhir Kumar Ghosh Dara Johnston Chief Engineer, DPHE, Dhaka WASH Chief, UNICEF, Dhaka WASH Emergency Guidelines vii | P a g e Acknowledgement Md. Moniruzzaman Zakariyah (Bisi) Agberemi Co-lead, WASH Cluster WASH Cluster Coordinator WASH Section Superintending Engineer (Store) UNICEF, Dhaka DPHE, Dhaka, Bangladesh Bangladesh viii | Page WASH Emergency Guidelines Abbreviations AILA : Name of a Cyclone in 2009 ART : Arsenic Removal Technology CCDMC : City Corporation Disaster Management Committee CPP : Cyclone Preparedness Programme CPPIB : Cyclone Preparedness Programme Implementation Board CSDDWS : Committee for Speedy Dissemination of Disaster related Warning Signal DC : Deputy Commissioner DDM : Department of Disaster Management DDMC : District disaster Management Committee DG : Director General DMC : Disaster Management Committee DMTATF : Disaster Management Training and public Awareness building Task Force DND : Dhaka- Narayanganj- Damra DPHE : Department of Public Health Engineering DWASA : Dhaka water and Sewerage Authority ED : Excreta Disposal EOC : Emergency Operation Center of DDM EPAC : Earthquake Preparedness Awareness Commottee EPP : Emergency Preparedness Plan EWS : Early Warning System FAP : Flood Action Plan FPOCG : Focal Point Operation Co-ordination Group HCTT : Humanitarian Co-ordination Task Team HH : House Hold HTH : Name of a Non Chlorinating Oxidizer (powder) HWT : Home Water Treatment IMDMCC : Inter-Ministerial Disaster Management Co-ordination Committee INGO : International Non-Governmental Organization JNA : Joint Need Assessment KII : Key Information Interview LCG : Local Consultative Group LCG-DER : LCG Disaster and Emergency Response LGD : Local Government Division LGRD : Local Government and Rural Development NDMAC : National Disaster Management Advisory Committee NDMC : National Disaster management Council NFI : Non Food Item NGO : Non Governmental Organization NGOCC : NGO Co-ordination Committee NPDRR : National Platform Disaster Risk Reduction WASH Emergency Guidelines ix | P a g e NDRCC : National Disaster Response Co-ordination Center of DDM ORS : Oral Rehydration Salt PDMC : Pourashava Disaster Management Committee PIO : Project Implementation Officer PSF : Pond Sand Filter RAB : Rapid Action Battalion RWHS : Rain Water Harvesting System SAE : Sub Assistant Engineer SAG : Strategic Advisory Group SIDR : Name of Cyclone in 2007 SOD : Standing Order on Disaster SOS : Name of the form for Loss and Damage and Emergency Requirement SW : Solid Waste TWG : Technical Working Group UDMC : Union Disaster Management committee UN : United Nations UNICEF : United Nation’s Children Fund UNO : Upazila Nirbahi Officer UzDMC : Upazila Disaster Management Committee VC : Vector Control VDP : Village Defense Police WASA : Water and Sewerage Authority WASH : Water, Sanitation and Hygiene WATSAN : Water and Sanitation WB : World Bank WPT : Water Purification Tablet WS/WSS : Water Supply/Water Supply & Sanitation WT : Water Treatment x | Page WASH Emergency Guidelines Table of Contents PART A Chapter 1: Introduction ................................................................................................ 3 1.1 Disasters in Bangladesh ....................................................................................... 3 1.2 Impacts of Disasters on WASH .......................................................................... 11 1.3 Impacts in Rural and Urban areas ..................................................................... 12 1.4 Disaster Management Cycle .............................................................................. 14 1.5 Code of conduct in disaster response activities ................................................ 16 1.6 Cross-cutting issues ........................................................................................... 16 1.7 Purpose and scope of the Guidelines ................................................................ 17 1.8 Contents of the Operational Guidelines ........................................................... 18 Chapter 2: Institutional and Regulatory Framework for Disaster Management .......... 3 2.1 National Disaster Management Institutional Framework .................................. 3 2.2 National Water Supply and Sanitation Institutional Framework ........................ 5 2.3 Coordination between Bangladesh Government and Development Partners ... 6 2.4 The WASH Cluster................................................................................................ 7 2.5 Regulatory Framework ........................................................................................ 8 Chapter 3 Preparedness for WASH ............................................................................. 29 3.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................... 29 3.2 General Preparedness ....................................................................................... 29 3.3. WASH Sector Preparedness .............................................................................. 31 3.4 WASH Cluster preparedness ............................................................................. 35 Chapter4 WASH Emergency Response ...................................................................... 39 4.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................... 39 4.2 WASH assessments for disaster response ........................................................ 39 4.3 Assessment for Emergency Response ............................................................... 40 4.4 Roles and responsibilities of stakeholders ........................................................ 43 4.5 WASH Information management ...................................................................... 46 4.6 Implementation of emergency WASH response ............................................... 46 4.7 Guidelines .......................................................................................................... 50 WASH Emergency Guidelines 1 | P a g e Chapter 5 Early Recovery ........................................................................................... 51 5.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................... 51 5.2 Assessment and Tools ....................................................................................... 51 5.3 Roles and responsibilities of stakeholders in earlyrecovery phase .................. 59 5.4 WASH Information management ...................................................................... 62 5.5 Implementation of emergency response .......................................................... 62 Chapter 6: Decommissioning of Water Supply, and Hygiene Facilities.......................... 69 6.1 Introduction: ...................................................................................................... 69 6.2 Items that need to retained if disaster resilient ............................................... 69 6.3 Decommissioning of different facilities ............................................................. 69 PART B Guideline 1: Water Guidelines for Emergency Relief and Early Recovery ........................ 73 Guideline 2: Excreta Disposal Guideline for Emergency Relief and Early Recovery ....... 101 Guideline 3: Inclusiveness Guidelines for Relief and Early Recovery .............................. 120 Guideline 4: Hygiene Promotion Guidelines for Emergency Relief and Early Recovery . 125 Guideline 5: WASH Non-Food Item (NFI)Guidelines for Emergency Relief and Early Recovery ...................................................................................................... 137 Guideline 6: Waste, Drainage and Vector Control Guidelines for Emergency Relief and Early Recovery ............................................................................................. 147 PART C Detailed Design and Costing of Water Supply Options related to Disaster Management ..................................................................................................................... 155 2 | Page WASH Emergency Guidelines Chapter 1: Introduction CHAPTER OUTLINE 1.1 Disasters in Bangladesh 1.2 Effect of Disasters on WASH 1.3 Effects in Rural and Urban Areas 1.4 Disaster Management Cycle 1.5 Code of conduct in disaster response activities 1.6 Cross-cutting Issues 1.7 Purpose and scope of the guideline 1.1 Disasters in Bangladesh Natural disasters like cyclone, storm surge, flood, tornado, earthquake, riverbank erosion and landslide have been threatening mankind since history. With the rapidly rising global population the impact of natural disasters is becoming more severe. Moreover,
Recommended publications
  • Odhikar's Fact Finding Report/5 and 6 May 2013/Hefazate Islam, Motijheel

    Odhikar's Fact Finding Report/5 and 6 May 2013/Hefazate Islam, Motijheel

    Odhikar’s Fact Finding Report/5 and 6 May 2013/Hefazate Islam, Motijheel/Page-1 Summary of the incident Hefazate Islam Bangladesh, like any other non-political social and cultural organisation, claims to be a people’s platform to articulate the concerns of religious issues. According to the organisation, its aims are to take into consideration socio-economic, cultural, religious and political matters that affect values and practices of Islam. Moreover, protecting the rights of the Muslim people and promoting social dialogue to dispel prejudices that affect community harmony and relations are also their objectives. Instigated by some bloggers and activists that mobilised at the Shahbag movement, the organisation, since 19th February 2013, has been protesting against the vulgar, humiliating, insulting and provocative remarks in the social media sites and blogs against Islam, Allah and his Prophet Hazrat Mohammad (pbuh). In some cases the Prophet was portrayed as a pornographic character, which infuriated the people of all walks of life. There was a directive from the High Court to the government to take measures to prevent such blogs and defamatory comments, that not only provoke religious intolerance but jeopardise public order. This is an obligation of the government under Article 39 of the Constitution. Unfortunately the Government took no action on this. As a response to the Government’s inactions and its tacit support to the bloggers, Hefazate Islam came up with an elaborate 13 point demand and assembled peacefully to articulate their cause on 6th April 2013. Since then they have organised a series of meetings in different districts, peacefully and without any violence, despite provocations from the law enforcement agencies and armed Awami League activists.
  • Sediment Dispersal Process and Its Management in the Meghna

    Sediment Dispersal Process and Its Management in the Meghna

    Sediment Problems and Sediment Management in Asian River Basins 203 (Proceedings of the Workshop held at Hyderabad, India, September 2009). IAHS Publ. 349, 2011. Sediment dispersal processes and management in coping with climate change in the Meghna Estuary, Bangladesh MAMINUL HAQUE SARKER, JAKIA AKTER, MD RUKNUL FERDOUS & FAHMIDA NOOR Center for Environmental and Geographic Information Services (CEGIS), House no.6, Road no. 23/C, Gulshan-1, Dhaka-1212, Bangladesh [email protected] Abstract Due to flat terrain and dense population, the Bengal Delta is highly vulnerable to sea level rise. At present the delta building process is active in the Meghna Estuary. Information on sediment dispersal processes in the estuary and their response to different exogenic and anthropogenic forces is an important requirement for managing the sediment and developing adaptive measures to counter the potential impact of climate change. Historical maps, satellite images and tidal water level data were analysed and the response of the Meghna Estuary to extreme events, e.g. the 1950 Assam earthquake, as well as anthropogenic interventions, was assessed. The issue of sediment management was addressed, based on an understanding of the response of the estuary to the extreme natural event and anthropogenic interventions, along with an assessment of the response of the estuary to sea level rise. Among other interventions, emphasis has been directed to promoting vertical accretion by injecting sediment into polders. Key words Bengal delta; Meghna Estuary; sea level rise; sediment dispersal processes; vertical accretion; sediment injection INTRODUCTION Deltas are a large accumulation of both fluvial and marine sediments which have infilled river mouths and extended onto the continental shelf (Fookes et al., 2007).
  • 71: How the Bangladeshi War of Independence Has Haunted Tower Hamlets

    71: How the Bangladeshi War of Independence Has Haunted Tower Hamlets

    Institute of Geography Online Paper Series: GEO-020 The Spirit of ’71: how the Bangladeshi War of Independence has haunted Tower Hamlets. Sarah Glynn Institute of Geography, School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Drummond St, Edinburgh EH8 9XP [email protected] 1 Copyright This online paper may be cited in line with the usual academic conventions. You may also download it for your own personal use. This paper must not be published elsewhere (e.g. mailing lists, bulletin boards etc.) without the author's explicit permission Please note that : • it is a draft; • this paper should not be used for commercial purposes or gain; • you should observe the conventions of academic citation in a version of the following or similar form: Sarah Glynn (2006) The Spirit of ’71: how the Bangladeshi War of Independence has haunted Tower Hamlets, online papers archived by the Institute of Geography, School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh. 2 The Spirit of ’71: how the Bangladeshi War of Independence has haunted Tower Hamlets abstract In 1971 Bengalis in Britain rallied en masse in support of the independence struggle that created Bangladesh. This study explores the nature and impact of that movement, and its continuing legacy for Bengalis in Britain, especially in Tower Hamlets where so many of them live. It looks at the different backgrounds and politics of those who took part, how the war brought them together and politicised new layers, and how the dictates of ‘popular frontism’ and revolutionary ‘stages theory’ allowed the radical socialism of the intellectual leadership to become subsumed by nationalism.
  • Bangladesh Other Countries and Regions Monitored

    Bangladesh Other Countries and Regions Monitored

    BANGLADESH OTHER COUNTRIES AND REGIONS MONITORED KEY FINDINGS RECOMMENDATIONS TO THE U.S. GOVERNMENT In 2016, the frequency of violent and deadly attacks against religious minorities, secular bloggers, intellec- USCIRF recommends that the U.S. government should: tuals, and foreigners by domestic and transnational provide technical assistance and encourage the Ban- extremist groups increased. Although the government, gladeshi government to further develop its national led by the ruling Awami League, has taken steps to inves- counterterrorism strategy; urge Prime Minister Sheikh tigate, arrest, and prosecute perpetrators and increase Hasina and all government officials to frequently and publicly denounce religiously divisive language and acts protection for likely targets, the threats and violence of religiously motivated violence and harassment; assist have heightened the sense of fear among Bangladeshi the Bangladeshi government in providing local govern- citizens of all religious groups. In addition, illegal land ment officials, police officers, and judges with training on appropriations—commonly referred to as land-grab- international human rights standards, as well as how to bing—and ownership disputes remain widespread, investigate and adjudicate religiously motivated violent particularly against Hindus and Christians. Other con- acts; urge the Bangladeshi government to investigate cerns include issues related to property returns and the claims of land-grabbing and to repeal its blasphemy law; situation of Rohingya Muslims. In March 2016, a USCIRF and encourage the Bangladeshi government to continue staff member traveled to Bangladesh to assess the reli- to provide humanitarian assistance and a safe haven for gious freedom situation. Rohingya Muslims fleeing persecution in Burma. BACKGROUND the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS).
  • CIFORB Country Profile – Bangladesh

    CIFORB Country Profile – Bangladesh

    CIFORB Country Profile – Bangladesh Demographics • Obtained independence from Pakistan (East Pakistan) in 1971 following a nine month civil uprising • Bangladesh is bordered by India and Myanmar. • It is the third most populous Muslim-majority country in the world. • Population: 168,957,745 (July 2015 est.) • Capital: Dhaka, which has a population of over 15 million people. • Bangladesh's government recognises 27 ethnic groups under the 2010 Cultural Institution for Small Anthropological Groups Act. • Bangladesh has eight divisions: Barisal, Chittagong, Dhaka, Khulna, Mymensingh, Rajshahi, Rangpur, Sylhet (responsible for administrative decisions). • Language: Bangla 98.8% (official, also known as Bengali), other 1.2% (2011 est.). • Religious Demographics: Muslim 89.1% (majority is Sunni Muslim), Hindu 10%, other 0.9% (includes Buddhist, Christian) (2013 est.). • Christians account for approximately 0.3% of the total population, and they are mostly based in urban areas. Roman Catholicism is predominant among the Bengali Christians, while the remaining few are mostly Protestants. • Most of the followers of Buddhism in Bangladesh live in the Chittagong division. • Bengali and ethnic minority Christians live in communities across the country, with relatively high concentrations in Barisal City, Gournadi in Barisal district, Baniarchar in Gopalganj, Monipuripara and Christianpara in Dhaka, Nagori in Gazipur, and Khulna City. • The largest noncitizen population in Bangladesh, the Rohingya, practices Islam. There are approximately 32,000 registered Rohingya refugees from Myanmar, and between 200,000 and 500,000 unregistered Rohingya, practicing Islam in the southeast around Cox’s Bazar. https://www.justice.gov/eoir/file/882896/download) • The Hindu American Foundation has observed: ‘Discrimination towards the Hindu community in Bangladesh is both visible and hidden.
  • Bangladesh Country of Origin Information (COI) Report COI Service

    Bangladesh Country of Origin Information (COI) Report COI Service

    Bangladesh Country of Origin Information (COI) Report COI Service Date 31 August 2013 Bangladesh 31 August 2013 Contents Go to End Preface Background Information 1. Geography ................................................................................................................... 1.01 Public holidays ................................................................................................... 1.07 Map of Bangladesh ............................................................................................... 1.08 Other maps of Bangladesh ................................................................................. 1.09 2. Economy ...................................................................................................................... 2.01 3. History .......................................................................................................................... 3.01 Pre-independence: 1905- 1971 ............................................................................ 3.01 Post-independence: 1972 - 2012 ....................................................................... 3.03 General Election of 29 December 2008 ............................................................... 3.08 Political parties which contested the general election ........................................ 3.09 Results of the general election ........................................................................... 3.10 Post-election violence .......................................................................................
  • “Crossfire:” Continued Human Rights Abuses by Bangladesh's Rapid

    “Crossfire:” Continued Human Rights Abuses by Bangladesh's Rapid

    Bangladesh HUMAN “Crossfire” RIGHTS Continued Human Rights Abuses by Bangladesh’s Rapid Action Battalion WATCH “Crossfire” Continued Human Rights Abuses by Bangladesh’s Rapid Action Battalion Copyright © 2011 Human Rights Watch All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America ISBN: 1-56432-767-1 Cover design by Rafael Jimenez Human Rights Watch 350 Fifth Avenue, 34th floor New York, NY 10118-3299 USA Tel: +1 212 290 4700, Fax: +1 212 736 1300 [email protected] Poststraße 4-5 10178 Berlin, Germany Tel: +49 30 2593 06-10, Fax: +49 30 2593 0629 [email protected] Avenue des Gaulois, 7 1040 Brussels, Belgium Tel: + 32 (2) 732 2009, Fax: + 32 (2) 732 0471 [email protected] 64-66 Rue de Lausanne 1202 Geneva, Switzerland Tel: +41 22 738 0481, Fax: +41 22 738 1791 [email protected] 2-12 Pentonville Road, 2nd Floor London N1 9HF, UK Tel: +44 20 7713 1995, Fax: +44 20 7713 1800 [email protected] 27 Rue de Lisbonne 75008 Paris, France Tel: +33 (1)43 59 55 35, Fax: +33 (1) 43 59 55 22 [email protected] 1630 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., Suite 500 Washington, DC 20009 USA Tel: +1 202 612 4321, Fax: +1 202 612 4333 [email protected] Web Site Address: http://www.hrw.org May 2011 ISBN 1-56432-767-1 “Crossfire” Continued Human Rights Abuses by Bangladesh’s Rapid Action Battalion Map of Bangladesh ........................................................................................................................... ii Summary ........................................................................................................................................... 1 Key Recommendations: .............................................................................................................. 9 Methodology ................................................................................................................................... 11 I. Killings and Other Cases of Abuse by RAB Since the Awami League Government Came to Power in 2009 .................................................................................................................................
  • Prospects of Energy Resources and Analysis of Hybrid Energy at Bhola Island, Bangladesh: a Realistic Way to Alleviate Energy Demand Rashed Al Amin

    Prospects of Energy Resources and Analysis of Hybrid Energy at Bhola Island, Bangladesh: a Realistic Way to Alleviate Energy Demand Rashed Al Amin

    International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 5, Issue 1, January-2014 1106 ISSN 2229-5518 Prospects of energy resources and analysis of hybrid energy at Bhola island, Bangladesh: A realistic way to alleviate energy demand Rashed Al Amin Abstract— Power is one of the most important factors for a developing country like Bangladesh. Human lives are closely bonded with electrical power. Like the rest of the countries of the world, the demand for power is increasing day by day in our country. The rapid increase of gap between demand and power supply has created power crisis in Bangladesh. This paper focuses on the fact that how proper district based investigation on the resources and its proper utilization can help to give an easy realistic solution on the way of sustainable energy security of Bangladesh. To make the renewable power system more stable and reliable a Hybrid Power System is introduced by interconnecting both conventional power sources and non-conventional power sources to increase optimized source of energy. Index Terms— Solar energy, Wind energy, Biogas energy, Tidal energy, Gas turbine energy, Hybrid energy. —————————— —————————— 1 INTRODUCTION Angladesh lacks a sufficient electricity generation capacity and grid networks to electrify the whole nation and never B VERVIEW OF HOLA ISLAND enjoyed 100% electrification. 80% of the total population 2 O B in Bangladesh lives in rural areas. Only 10% of the rural Bhola is a district to the South-Western side of the Bangladesh households have electricity connection and there are some and it is a part of Barisal division. This district is bounded by parts of Bangladesh which will not get the access of electricity the Lakshmipur and Barisal districts to the north, Bay of Ben- connection from the national grid within next 30 years [1].
  • United Nations CRC/C/BGD/5

    United Nations CRC/C/BGD/5

    United Nations CRC/C/BGD/5 Convention on the Distr.: General 16 December 2014 Rights of the Child Original: English Committee on the Rights of the Child Consideration of reports submitted by States parties under article 44 of the Convention Fifth periodic reports of States parties due in 2012 Bangladesh* [Date received: 23 October 2012] * The present document is being issued without formal editing. GE.14-24494 CRC/C/BGD/5 Contents Paragraph Page Abbreviations and acronyms ................................................................................... 3 Foreword ................................................................................................................. 1–7 7 I. Background ............................................................................................................. 8–22 8 II. General measures of implementation ...................................................................... 23–86 10 III. Definition of the child ............................................................................................. 87-88 21 IV. General principles ................................................................................................... 89–120 22 V. Civil rights and freedoms ....................................................................................... 121–160 26 VI. Family environment and alternative care ................................................................ 161–202 31 VII. Disability, basic health and welfare .......................................................................
  • Human Rights Monitoring Report of July 2017, Despite Facing Persecution and Continuous Harassment and Threats to Its Existence Since August 10, 2013

    Human Rights Monitoring Report of July 2017, Despite Facing Persecution and Continuous Harassment and Threats to Its Existence Since August 10, 2013

    August 1, 2017 Human Rights Monitoring Report July 1 – 31, 2017 Extrajudicial killings Death in jail Torture, inhuman treatment and lack of accountability of law enforcement agencies Enforced disappearances Public lynching Political violence Election Commission and future elections Hindrance to freedom of assembly Interference on freedom of expression and the media Situation of workers’ rights Indian government’s aggressive policy towards Bangladesh Violence against Women Activities of Odhikar hindered Odhikar believes that democracy is not merely a process of electing a ruler; it is the result of the peoples’ struggle for inalienable rights, which become the fundamental premise to constitute the State. Therefore, the individual freedoms and democratic aspirations of the citizens – and consequently, peoples’ collective rights and responsibilities - must be the foundational principles of the State. The democratic legitimacy of the State is directly related to its willingness, commitment and capacity to ensure human rights, dignity and integrity of citizens. If the state does not ensure full participation in the decision making process at all levels – from the lowest level of administration to the highest level – it cannot be called a ‘democratic’ state. Citizens realise their rights and responsibilities through participation and decision making processes. The awareness about the rights of others and collective benefits and responsibilities, can be ensured and implemented through this process as well. The Parliament, Judiciary and Executive cannot and should not, have any power to abrogate fundamental civil and political rights 1 through any means, as such rights are inviolable and are the foundational principles of the State. Odhikar, being an organisation of human rights defenders in Bangladesh, has been struggling to ensure internationally recognised civil and political rights of citizens.
  • Standing Orders Disaster

    Standing Orders Disaster

    Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh Standing Orders on Disaster Ministry of Food and Disaster Management Disaster Management & Relief Division Disaster Management Bureau April 2010 Message I welcome the initiative of the Disaster Management Bureau (DMB) to publish the revised Standing Orders on Disaster (SOD) aiming at ensuring every possible preparedness measure and reducing disaster risks. The SOD was first introduced in 1997 during our previous tenure in office. We are happy that the revised version of the SOD is being published now in accordance with the changed circumstances. The revised SOD has reflected the vision of the government and clearly outlines the role and responsibilities of the ministries, divisions, agencies, organizations, committees, public representatives and citizens to cope with any natural disaster. I hope that the DMB and Disaster Management and Relief Division in cooperation with other stakeholders will materialize the government commitments for disaster risk reduction and emergency response issues in line with SOD. The SOD, I believe, will play an important role in disaster management and disaster risk reduction in the country. Joi Bangla, Joi Bangabandhu May Bangladesh Live Forever Sheikh Hasina ii FOREWORD Bangladesh is one of the most disaster-prone countries in the world. The country has had a long experience of severe cyclonic events, floods, landslides, arsenic poisoning, tornadoes, and is under threat from earthquakes. The country is also highly vulnerable to climate change, which is also threat for livelihoods and food security. Government of Bangladesh has had the Standing Orders on Disaster (SOD) in effect since 1997. Considering the adverse impact of climate change and the recommendation of the World Conference on Disaster Reduction 2005, the updating of the SOD was essential.
  • A Professional Journal of National Defence College Volume 17

    A Professional Journal of National Defence College Volume 17

    A Professional Journal of National Defence College Volume 17 Number 1 April 2018 National Defence College Bangladesh EDITORIAL BOARD Chief Patron Lieutenant General Chowdhury Hasan Sarwardy, BB, SBP, BSP, ndc, psc, PhD Editor-in-Chief Air Commodore M Mortuza Kamal, GUP, ndc, psc, GD(P) Editor Colonel (Now Brigadier General) A K M Fazlur Rahman, afwc, psc Associate Editors Brigadier General Md Rafiqul Islam, SUP, ndc, afwc, psc Lieutenant Colonel A S M Badiul Alam, afwc, psc, G+, Arty Assistant Editors Assistant Director Md Nazrul Islam Lecturer Farhana Binte Aziz ISSN: 1683-8475 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in retrieval system, or transmitted in any form, or by any means, electrical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. Published by the National Defence College, Bangladesh Design & Printed by : ORNATE CARE 87, Mariam Villa (2nd Floor), Nayapaltan, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh Cell: 01911546613, E-mail: [email protected] DISCLAIMER The analysis, opinions and conclusions expressed or implied in this Journal are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the NDC, Bangladesh Armed Forces or any other agencies of Bangladesh Government. Statement, fact or opinion appearing in NDC Journal are solely those of the authors and do not imply endorsement by the editors or publisher. iii CONTENTS Page College Governing Body vi Vision, Mission and Objectives of the College vii Foreword viii Editorial ix Faculty and Staff x Abstracts xi