January 31, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 1859

IN THE NAVY subect to qualification therefor as provided MEDICAL CORPS The following named lieutenant com­ by law: Bercier, Charles H., Jr. LINE manders of the line and s,taff corps of the SUPPLY CORPS Navy for temporary promotion to the grade Akers, Max N. Erner, Eugene J. Cunningham, Philip T.Desmarais, Norman D. of commander pursuant to title 10, United Hoel, Jack I. Fuller, Robert H. Haver, David J. Tack, Curtis A. States Code, section 5787, while serving in, or Ivey, Clarence G ., Jr. Jackson, Morse R. ordered to billets for which the grade of com­ Knapp, Norman E., Jr. CIVIL ENGINEER CORPS mander ls authorized and for unrestricted Klinedist, Paul R., Jr. appointment to the grade of commander Konkel, Harry W. Newton, George B., Jr. Wood, William L. when eligible pursuant to law and regulation Peters, John D. Stubb, George R.

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS he has used his considerable prestige and made public his long standing offer of peace BETTS RECORD EARNS "A" MARKS poUtical power to serve what he considers to our enemy in North Vietnam; and the besrt interests of the United States. Whereas, these proposals include-a total Perhaps locally, he will be remembered cease fire throughout all of Indochina, the HON. DELBERT L. LATTA particularly for his ability to maintain a immediate release of all prisoners of war, the OF OHIO genuinely mode.sit, unassuming manner. total withdrawal of all American and allied IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Though he has met with Presidents, dined forces within six months of acceptance of this proposal by Hanoi, and the resignation of Monday, January 31, 1972 with diplomats, and walked with illusrtrious figures of modern his,tory, he is still the calm, the political regime of South Vietnam to be Mr. LATTA. Mr. Speaker, soon after friendly representative of Ohio's 8th Con­ followed by free elections including the Na­ gressional district, which he has served so tional Liberation Front; and our good friend and colleague, the Hon­ Whereas, these proposals have been offered orable JACKSON BETTS of Ohio an­ well. secretly in good faith for many months in nounced that he planned to retire from His amiruble, gracious manner will make Lt easy for Jackson E. Bertts to retire to direct private negotiations between the Congress, his hometown newspaper, the Findlay and practice law. But unpretentious United States and Hanoi; Now therefore: Republican Courier, ran an editorial con­ as he is, Congressman Betts is leaving be­ Be it resolved that the House of Repre­ cerning him which I am certain every­ hind him a solid record of public service sentatives of the State of Delaware congratu­ one in this Chamber would like to read. which forever disrtinguishes him here and late the President for his efforts and sincerely The person who wrote this editorial abroad with the well earned title, "States­ encourage his continued efforts to bring world man." peace and the safe return of all our American truly knows JACK BETTS and I wish to fighting men from North and South Vietnam commend him for its excellence. The edi­ as soon as possible. torial follows: SUPPORT FOR THE PRESIDENT Be it further resolved that the text of this BETTS RECORD EARNS "A" MARKS resolution be spread upon the House Journal Rep. Jackson E. Betts has made official and that the original be forwarded to Presi­ his decision not to seek re-election to Con­ dent Richard M. Nixon, with copies to U.S. HON. J. CALEB BOGGS Senators J. Caleb Boggs and W1lliam V. Roth, gress. The Findlay legislaitor thus plans to OF DELAWARE bring to close a record of public elective Jr., Congressman Pierre S. DuPont, IV, to the service which is highly distinguished. IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES leadership of the North Vietnam government He is presently completing -his' 11th term Monday, January 31, 1972 in Hanoi, and to the members of the North in the U.S. House of Representatives, where Vietnam negotiating team in Paris. he has risen to a position of gre·at influence Mr. BOGGS. Mr. President, the Presi­ and unusual prominence. He is currently dent of the United States recently re­ [From the Washington Post, Jan. 31, 1972) the second ranking Republican on the vealed the far-reaching offers that have A SICK REACTION TO NIXON powerful House Ways and Means committee, been made in the effort to end the war in (By William Raspberry) regarded as one of the two or three mOSlt im­ Vietnam. I, for one, believe it is a most Two of the three primary reactions to the portant commititees in all Congress. logical and honorable proposal, one that President's recent revelation of his secret Betts' assignment to that select committee Vietnam negotiations are fairly easy to talk was solid evidence of the esteem in which no reasonable nation could reject. It is encouragement to note that many people about. They are more or less clearcut and he has regularly been held by his colleagues, have more or less articulate spokesmen. and of the widespread respect throughout are in agreement with it. First is the reaction of triumph (or cha­ Washington for his abmty and judgment. The House of Representatives of the grin, depending on your point of view) that Perhaps even a more significant indica­ Delaware General Assembly last week for the past several months Mr. Nixon was tion of the prestigious character of Betts adopted a resolution of support for the doing precisely what his most respected was his assignment a few years ago as the President's initiative. I ask that this reso­ critics were accusing him of refusing to do: senior member of the House of Representa­ Offering American withdrawal-even by a tives committee on Standards of Official Con­ lution, offered by Representative Thomas duct. His own exemplary sense of ethics and L. Little, be printed at the end of my "certain date"-in exchange for the return remarks. of American POWs. · public trust was inevitably a major criterion The President's announcement embar­ in his selection to this post. Also, this morning I was interested to rassed those (particular the Democratic read in the Washington Post a column presidential hopefuls among them) who had A major share of Betts' adult life has been by Mr. William Raspberry. Mr. Rasp­ been demanding just that sort of proposition. dedicated to public service. He launched his berry, ari astute observer of the American It vindicated those whose faith was that political career as Hancock County prosecutor scene, offers some thoughts on the Presi­ the President really did want to extricate in 1933. He later served as the county's rep­ dent's proposal. He is opposed to our in­ his country from the war and was sparing resentative to the Ohio House of Representa­ no effort to do so. In either case, it must tives, reaching that chamber's highest office volvement in Vietnam, but he has an in­ teresting commentary about some forms be counted a political plus for Mr. Nixon of Speaker of the House in 1945. for the time being, although it may blow up He was successful in an uphill district-wide of opposition. His column says, in part: in his face between now and November. battle for the Republican nomination for But it is sick to work at delivering your The second reaction is that the President's Congress -in 1950, winning such a substantial own comeuppance, and that is what some of eight-point proposal, whethdr sincerely of­ majority in his home county of Hancock, those who oppose the war and Richard Nix­ fered or not, cannot work-for the simple thait he over.took his opponents who carried on's handling of it are proposing. reason that Hanoi can gain more heavily by every other county in the district in tha.t Mr. President, I also ask that Mr. not agreeing to anything. inLUal balloting. He has since consistently America clearly is getting out ot Vietnam received district-wid·e majorities and has Raspberry's thoughtful column be without the benefit of negotiation, the argu­ been unopposed in several general elections. printed. ment goes. In light of that irrevocable trend Highly respected, even by members of the There being no objection, the resolu­ Hanoi could only lose by entering into serio~ opposition party, he has enjoyed the esteem tion and the article were ordered to be negotiation. The smart thing from Hanoi's and admiration of a substantial ma.jO!"ity of printed in the RECORD, as follows: point of view would be to avoid anything his constituents throughout the year. HOUSE RESOLUTION No. 75 drastic-either at the bargaining table or Congressman Betts' history of political on the battlefield-and simply permit the service is exemplary. Scrupulously honest and Congratulating the President of the United continuing withdrawal of the American sincere, he has never attemprted to build in­ States on his efforts for world peace forces. fiuence for his own benefit or glory. Rather, Whereas, the President o! the United States The first two reactions are essentially prac- ' 1860 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 31, 1972 tical, and have to do with whether this plan stantila.l and stimulating. The space shuttle urging the United States to demand our or that plan can work. program represents a new eria that wm a.ppealJ. agricultural trade rights with the EEC. There is a third, more troubling position to many Americans &S bringing more practi­ that is difficult to document because it has cal applications o! spiace science and tech­ Over 50 later signed a joint letter to no respected spokesman. It is that America nology. President Nixon expressing a;pprorval with does not deserve a graceful exit from the In any event, most should agree that the our initial negotiations position on the war and must not be permitted to have one. country's massive investment in that field issue, but cautioning against retrench­ The American involvement in Vietnam was cannot now be written off and the program ment. immoral from the very beginning, the feeling dismantled. There already has been too strong Secretary Butz' remarks would indi­ seems to be, and it is immoral for immorality a drift in thia.t direction; the aerospace in­ to go unpunished. cate the administration is standing firm dustry is hanging by a thread and 200,000 on American agriculture trade rights. It is the same reaction some of us have sp·a.ce-relia.ted jobs have been eliminated. With to "liberal" talk about prison reform or re­ the last two Apollo moon shots scheduled for At this time, I would like to include in hab111tation of criminals. It is the same feel­ this year, the whole space enterprise has the RECORD an article from the Janu­ ing some of us would have had if Hitler had been rapidly losing speed. ary 27 edition of the Washington Post: been able to negotiate an honorable end to -That's good, some people will say. After UNITED STATES SEEKS EUROMART FARM ACCORD World war II. all, Americans hia.ve. kicked around on the Agriculture Secretary Earl L. Butz sug­ Someone (maybe it was Sam Smith of the moon enough and Mars is out of the ques­ D.C. Gazette) once said that the notion of gested yesterday that the United States delay tion, so why not proclaim the conquest of implementation of its a.greemerut to devalue America. getting out of Vietnam with honor space and save the money? The answers are ts like a prostitute getting out of her pro- the dollar pending an agreement from Oo,:rn­ several. Certainly much money will be saved, mon Mark~ countries not to post high ta.riffs fession with her virginity intact. · in comparison to the peak Apollo develop­ Nor is it a new feeling. Its most blatant on American agricultural exports. ment yea.rs. The sp:ace shuttle will cost $5 Speaking to reporters over breakfast , Butz manifestation came in the chants of "Ho, or $6 billion over a six-year period, and that Ho, Ho Chi Minh, NFL is gonna win" that said the White House is "pressuring now" for is not an exorbitant outlay, it seems to us, such an understanding before send'l.ng de­ used to mark the big peace demonstrations. for the continued gleaning of knowledge But it also showed up in some of the reac­ va.l ua.tion legtslation to C'Olllgress. from space. He said that the United States could serve tions to such military initiatives as the Cam­ Moreover, the shuttle's function also wm bodian and Laotian "incursions": not merely as a constructive force in convincing some be, in very large measure, to broaden man's Oommon Market members, notably West that the initiative couldn't work for this or knowledge of the earth. It will be an orbiting that military reason, nor even that the ini­ Germany, to reform their domestic agricul­ runabout, in which the crew may peer at tural economies by developing larger farms. tiative amounted to an immoral widening of their leisure a.t the natural and human phe­ the war. Butz predicted a substallltial rise in farm nomena below and 'conduct studies of poten­ income this year and said that the Office of Those reactions were there of course. But tiia.lly great va.lue. There is, needless to say, also there was the feeling-the fear-that Management and Budget had begun releasing some national security advantage in the impounded agricultua.rl funds a.ppropriated these gross actions might work, and since maneuverability it will afford and the im­ their success would be vindication for im­ by Congress. proved surveillance cia.pa.b111ty. He acknowledged that "it's the right time" morality, they must be opposed. And in addition, the shuttle will be sort I suppose it is the psychological equivalent to release such funds because 1972 is an elec­ of a repair truck of the heavens, making tion year. He also endorsed. the decision ot of those sick people who keep finding new possible the fixing of broken-down sa.telHtes ways to fail because they subconsciously feel his predecessor, Olifl'ord Hardin, t.o raise milk and the servicing of space laboratories. It support prices last year. that they don't deserve success. could even be an ambulance, rescuing"a.stro­ But you can treat sick people who insist na.uts in trouble. Like a.n a.irpl1a.ne, it would on punishing themselves. A nation cannot soar back down for ea.rth l181Ildings a..fter afford to indulge in that sort of self-destruc­ the completion of lengthy orbital missions. tion. Some of the costs would, of course, be CONGRESSMAN ANNUNZIO INTRO­ I don't argue with those who say the war recovered through economic expansion gen­ DUCES NATIONAL BLOOD BANK wair-is-wrong, nor even with those who erated by the program-mainly through ACT OF 1972 say a proper comeuppance for our folly might restoration of 50,000 aerospace jobs and pre­ be a good thing. vention of the loss of others. Perhaps, too, But it is sick to work at delivering your the ooministria.tion will succeed in its laud­ own comeuppance, and that is what some of able efforts to bring some European countries HON. FRANK ANNUNZIO those who oppose the war and Richard Nix­ in on the endeavor, to the tune of 10 or 15 OF ILLINOIS on's handling of it are proposing. per.cent of the cost. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Extrication from the wa.r--even without Congress should go a.long with this pro­ honor-is going to be difficult enough under posed investment, knowing that 1! the coun­ Monday, January 31, 1972 any circumstance. The moralistic posturing try's highly efficient space organization 1& Mr. ANNUNZIO. Mr. Speaker, the suc­ of self-righteous critics won't make it any killed, it will not easily be revived. There's cessful transfusion of blood from one easier. still much work to be done on those peace­ human being to another stands as one ful cosmic frontiers that can spread many benefits and much inspiration on this trou­ of the great achievements of modem NEW THRUST IN SPACE bled earth. medicine. Lifesaving transfusions, how­ ever, have not always been rout~ely suc­ cessful. Although they were tned on an HON. OLIN E. TEAGUE UNITED STATE'S SEEKS EUROMART experimental basis for hundreds of years, OF TEXAS FARM ACCORD it was not until Landsteiner discovered IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES blood groups in 1901 that transfusions could be given with reasonable assurance Monday, January 31, 1972 HON. VERNON W. THOMSON of safety. Today, over 6.6 million pints Mr. TEAGUE of Texas. Mr. Speaker, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES are collected, processed and distributed in the editorial section of the Evening OF WISCONSIN annually in this country. Sophisticated Star Wednesday, January 26, 1972, an Monday, January 31, 1972 cross-matching techniques have virtually analysis is made of the importance of eliminated problems arising from incom­ proceeding with the space shuttle pro­ Mr. THOMSON of Wisoonsin. Mr. patibility. Improved techniques for freez­ gram. This editorial succinctly describes Speaker, I read with considerable pleas­ ing and storage have permitted collection the important gains that this Nation ure the remarks of Secretary of Agricul­ and retention of blood for both short and will make by investing in a low cost earth ture Earl L. Butz recently made on agri­ long-term storage in thousands of blood orbital transportation system. The edi­ cultural trade with the Eurapean banks across the country. But the fact torial further points out that the bene­ Common Market. remains that blood, as a unique human fits and opportunities available through Many of us in Congress have been seri­ resource, falls far short of its potential pursuing a space shuttle program will ously concerned over the implications of to save lives. The problem now lies in the far oust weight its relatively low initial the highly protectionist and discrimina­ fact that transfusion of improperly costs. I commend this editorial to your tory community agricultural policy. This screened, contaminated blood annually reading: became particularly acute when it be­ causes thousands of cases of a serious and NEW THRUST IN SPACE came evident Denmark, Ireland, Norway, often fatal disease known as serum Just tn the nick of time, President Nixon and the United Kingdom would soon be­ hepatitis. has re-ignited the fizzling U.S. space pro­ come members of the Common Market. In the past 30 years, we have wit­ gram, Ml.d the benefits from the new venture To express our concern, nearly 50 Mem­ nessed the emergence of several hundred he approved the other day promise to be sub- bers of Congress introduced resolutions independent profit and nonprofit blood January 31, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 1861 hepatitis problem, the bill calls for edu­ be made to implement it until it is too late banks throughout the country. While for it to be effective. most of these banks have performed val­ cation of the public with regard to the We try scattered-site public housing (or uable, lifesaving services, many-in desirability of giving blood on a nonre­ cash housing subsidies) as an alternative to attempting to meet immediate problems munerative basis. It provides for a na­ public housing concentration camps, but of critical blood shortages-have failed tiona1 program to recruit donors, and only after the problem has grown so large to properly screen the individuals who requires that the source of each pint of that there aren't enough sites left in which donate their blood. This is particularly blood-voluntary or commercial-must to scatter the poor. be clearly labeled. The bill also calls for We decide to move against crime and nar­ true of profitmaking blood banks which cotics in the ghettos only after they have be­ purchase blood from donors who rely on the establishment of a national registry come virtually intractable (and after they the sale of their blood as a source of in­ of undesirable donors so that those who have become a problem for the nonblack come. Unlike "voluntary" donors who do not meet the requisite health stand­ and nonpoor) . contribute their blood for the good of the ards may be prevented from contributing And particularly have we moved too late community, these "commercial" donors to the Nation's blood supply.·In addition, in public education. are often prisoners, alcoholics and nar­ the bill would require all blood banks to When some basic education would have cotics addicts who are seeking early pa­ utilize the latest testing techniques for been a desirable thing for blacks, white the detection of the serum hepatitis an­ Americans made it illegwl to teach blacks to role or support for their various habits. read and write. All too often they are unaware or unable tigen. Although the present tests are only When blacks would have been ecstatic to relate histories regarding previous dis­ 25-30 percent effective, their applica­ over really good segregated schools, they eases or personal habits which might pre­ tion to each pint of blood collected in got schools that were separate but awful. dispose them to be carriers of the hepati­ this country could reduce the incidence Local authorities are now willing to tis agent. Yet studies show that their of posttransfusion hepatitis by one­ desegregate their schools, but only after the blood is at least 10 times more likely to third. courts have said desegregation isn't enough: Mr. Speaker, under this proposal, You have to integrate. transmit hepatitis than is that of the Always one step behind. It would be almost "volunteers." As a result, many unsus­ there would also be established a Na­ laughable, except for the fact that the prob­ pecting recipients of this "commercial" tional Blood Bank program in the office lems keep growing worse. Remedies that blood develop debilitating if not fatal of the Secretary of HEW. The time has would have worked a fP.W years ago become cases of posttransfusion hepatitis. Ac­ certainly come for the creation of an inadequate when they are applied too late. cording to the National Academy of agency devoted specifically to the task of And we've finally reached the point where Sciences, over 30,000 cases of clinically seeing that all blood banks are licensed no one, white or black, has any olear idea identifiable posttransfusion hepatitis oc­ and regulated. This organization will not of what will work now. only be responsible for licensing all of the Virtually no one wants busing on the cur each year and between 1,500 and level it would take to integrate the schools 3,000 of these result in death. Nation's blood banks but also for setting in most metropolitan areas. The problem is obviously not insoluble standards for the selection of donors. I, for one, would be wining to take one and can be reduced in large part by the Until enough volunteers can be recruited step backward, to honest desegregation. That elimination of these paid donors. Progress to meet the Nation's needs, the Director is, let us move forthrightly against any at­ in dealing with this problem to date has of the National Blood Bank program will temp·t at official discrimination. But at the been hindered primarily by the lack of be able to set limits on the number of same time, let us end the humiliation of paid donors to be allowed for each blood chasing after rich white children. centralization and national regulation of And it is humiliating. For one thing it the blood banking system. Inadequate in­ bank. In addition, a centralized agency says to black children that there is some­ spection and supervision of the Nation's such as this will be able to collect hard thing inherently wrong with them, some­ blood banks has allowed these question­ data on the Nati'on's blood banking sys_ thing that can be cured only by the presence able practices to continue. State laws tem-data which are now sadly lacking. of white children. Some of us don't believe have been inadequate to the task-in Mr. Speaker, the proposal which is that. fact, 17 States have no laws whatsoever now before you will do much toward pro­ Some of us believe that given adequate in blood banking. The part which the viding the Nation with an adequate sup­ resources, financial and otherwise, black children can learn, no matter what colo[' Federal Government has played to date ply of safe and pure blood. I urge its their seatmates happen to be. in regulating these areas is negligible. Of early consideration. We started off chasing after white people the 7,000 blood banks in this country, the because that was (we thought) the sure way Division of Biologics Standards at the to get the resources we needed. Now some of National Institutes of Health licenses us are continuing the chase although we've only 166; and no provision is made for SCHOOL CHANGES ARE LATE forgotten why it started. screening the vast quantities of blood As provocative as Judge Merhige's Rich­ now imported by our country. mond degree was, I would have preferred a ruling that said not that pupHs must be Mr. Speaker, I wish to join today with HON. WILLIAM L. HUNGATE bused without regard to city boundary-lines those who would correct this problem by OF MISSOURI but that school money and resources must no introducing the National Blood Bank Act IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES longer stop at those boundaries. of 1972. This piece of legislati'On is essen­ It may still come to that. If the current tially identical to H.R. 11828, introduced Monday, January 31, 1972 trend continues, there will likely be an end by Congressman VEYSEY of California Mr. HUNGATE. Mr. Speaker, the to property taxes as the chief means of fi­ whose excellent work and attention to House Judiciary Committee will soon be nancing schools. And one result wm be that all the schools within a state wUl be on equal the Nation's needs in this area will do holding hearings on the question of con­ footing, no matter whether they are in rich much toward eliminating this national stitutional amendments affecting schools, neighborhoods or poor. disgrace. To his bill I am adding two school busing, and judicial abolition of When the white and the rich discover that amendments which would serve to en­ district lines. they cannot finance good public schools for courage both public and private employ_ Accordingly, I thought the views of their own children and lousy ones for the ers to permit their employees to partici­ Washington Post columnist, William rest, we will see the beginning of equality pate in voluntary blood programs and Raspberry, appearing on Wednesday, in public education or we will see the end would make it easier for blood banl{ per­ January 26, 1972, should be considered. of public education. sonnel to gain access to space in Federal The article follows: buildings for the purpose of collecting SCHOOL CHANGES ARE LATE blood. · (By Wllliam Raspberry) NATIONAL COMMITTEE SUPPORTS The purpose of the National Blood America can never seem to figure out what FINANCING OF PUBLIC BROAD­ Bank Act of 1972 is twofold: first, to en­ to do about its poor and its black citizens. CASTING courage the donation of "voluntary" It forces them into concentrations, wheth­ blood and to provide for donor screening er through economics, commercial manipu­ and blood testing so as to insure an ade­ lation or outright segregation. And then it HON. TORBERT H. MACDONALD quate supply of uncontaminated blood; announces that it would be possible to deal OF MASSACHUSETTS and second, to provide for Federal over­ with their problems if only the people weren't IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sight of the Nation's blood banks in or­ so concentrated. Monday, January 31, 1972 der to see that they live up to standards Even when some reasonably logical solu­ established for the benefit of the entire tion does suggest itself, it is almost an arti­ Mr. MACDONALD of Massachusetts. population. In order to help stem the cle of American faith that no attempt wm Mr. Speaker, I call the attention of my 1862 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 31, 1972 colleagues to some of the support which permanent financing is put into effect, and nomic burden that these work stoppages has been announced today for the legis­ continued delay in providing such long-range ~ave placed on the innocent third par­ financing threatens the very existence of lation which I have introduced to pro­ public broadcasting, and; ties to these strikes. Legislation to bring vide long-range financing for public Whereas, the Corporation has provided about a permanent solution to these broadcasting (H.R. 11807). substantial financial asststa~ce to all quali­ strikes has been introduced by me. I urge As I have ~aid many times in the past, fied public television and radio stations Congress to adopt such a measure as the need to msulate public broadcasting through its program of annual community soon as possible. from governmental pressure has become service grants, and recognizes the need for a The editorial follows: increasingly imperative. The bill which sizeable increase in this kind of support in DOCK STRIKE "OBSESSION" I have introduced and on which the Sub­ order to strengthen local stations; Therefore be it resolved that the Advisory Some have·charged that Farm Bureau and committee on Communications and Pow­ Committee of National Organizations of the others have an obsession with dock strikes er will begin hearings tomorrow is an Corporation for Public Broadcasting urges and imply that this is being used as an es­ overdue step in the direction of perma­ Congress and the Executive Branch for Pub­ cape from grappling with the real agricul­ nent financing-a type of financing lic Broadcasting possible to provide long­ tural issues. which will provide this insulation. range financing for the Corporation for Pub­ If you call it an obsession to being con­ I include the statement issued today lic Broadcasting in order to enable CPB to cerned with the ability to move production effectively build and strengthen the public from 1 out of every 4 acres harvested to by the Advisory Committee of National overseas markets, then we plead guilty. Organizations of the Corporation for broadcasting system that best serves the greatest number of American listeners and Export markets are extremely important Public Broadcasting. Also included is the viewers. to agriculture. Without export markets list of separate organizatfons which have Be it further resolved that those constit­ farmers and the nation would have to retire specifically endorsed my bill. uent organizations which have representa­ another 35 to 40 million acres of land besides The material follows: tives on the Advisory Committee of National the announced goal of 50 million acres un­ NATIONAL COMMITTEE SUPPORTS FINANCING OF Organizations_ and which are in a position der the t972 feed grain and wheat pro­ PUBLIC BROADCASTING to do so, be asked to endorse and advocate the grams. And we would have to retire or find concept of long-range financing for CPB and other uses for 45 million acres now devoted WASHINGTON, D;C., January 31.-Represent­ to soybean production. atives from 30 major national organizations the adoption of H.R. 11807, "Public Broad­ casting Ac~ of 1971" or similar legislation Farmers know that $1 . out of every $7 of have endorsed a resolution supporting long­ farm income comes from the export market. range financing for public broadcasting. which provides long-term financing for the Corporation for Public Broadcasting. We wish we could be as complacent as The resolution was unanimously passed by some that the export movement of :teed delegates attending the meeting of the Ad­ Delegates from the following organizations voted for the CPB Advisory Committee res­ grains, wheat and soybeans will be as great visory Committee of National Organizations as it would have been without the dock of the Corporation fair Public Broadcasting olution on the Macdonald bill for long-range financing: strikes. on January 11. (A list of the organizations First, this doesn't help the farmer who and a copy of the resolution are attached.) AFl.r-CIO. American Bar Association. · sold at harvest time when the dock strikes The Advisory committee resolution specifi­ depressed prices and estimated -10 cents per cally expressed support for H.R. 11807, leg­ American Association of University Women. American Jewish Committee. bushel on corn and an estimated 25 cents islation sponsored by Rep. Torbert H. Mac­ per bushel on soybeans. donald (D-Mass.), whic:P, contains some as­ Associated Councils of the Arts. Boy Scouts of America. Second, this complacency ignores the pects of long-range financing. report that our foreign customers are turn­ Rev. William F. Fore, executive director of Consumer Federation of America. General Federation of Women's Clubs. ing to other markets for these products be­ the Broadcasting and Film Division of the cause we couldn't supply them when they National Council of Churches and chairman Girl Scouts of America. League of Women Voters. wanted the products and the uncertainty of the CPB Advisory Committee, said the· about future deliveries. resolution· was being released now to coin­ National Association of Counties. National Association of Manufacturers. No one argues that the enormous produc­ cide with the opening of hearings by the tion in 1971 is not a factor in the low corn House Subcommittee on Communications National Audubon Society. National Conference of Christians and prices. But that is the very reason for the and Power on H.R. 11807 and other financing extra concern about the dock strikes. With legislation. Congressman Macdonald is chair­ Jews. National Congress of Parents and Teachers. extra large production and possible stitr Inan of the subcommittee. foreign competition, we need to be in a posi­ In addition to the action by the Advisory National Council of Churches of Christ. National Council of Negro Women. tion to move the feed grains, wheat and soy­ delegates, 13 of the member organizations beans when our customers want them. It is have taken official action individually in National Council of Senior Citizens. National Council of Women. much better to sell this surplus and get it support of long-range financing for public o1I our backs than to pile it up in govern­ broadcasting. These include the AFL-CIO, National Education Association. National Grange. ment storage, have the costs of this storage American Association of University Women, charged against farmers in the federal budg­ American Bar Association, American Jewish National 4-H Club. National League of Cities. et and then depress the market when stocks Oommittee, National Association of Counties come back on the market-as they always National Council of Churches National Legal Aid and Defender Associa- Broadcast!~ tion. have. and Film Commission, National Council of Farm Bureau does have an obsession in Senior Citizens, National Council of Women National Recreation and Park Association. National Urban League. doing everything possible to improve farm National Education Association, Nationai income, including fighting hard for legisla­ Grange, National League of Cities, United U.S. Catholic Conference. U.S. Conference of Mayors. tion to put an end to the devastating and Auto Workers and U.S. Conference of Mayors. costly transportation strikes, such as the Members of the CPB Advisory committee U.S. Jaycees. U.S. National Student Association. present dock srikes. have been meeting with Corporation leaders An effort is being made to make changes regularly to provide counsel on both policy in the present government farm program issues and programming since CPB became to retire additional acreage to bring adjust­ operational in 1969. ments in the supply demand situation for DOCK STRIKE HANGS ON corn. In its policy resolutions and other ac­ RESOLUTION ENACTED BY CPB ADVISORY COM­ tions, Farm Bureau has urged the Secretary MI'ITEE OF NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS, JANU­ of Agriculture to use his broad authority ARY 11, 1972 under the 1970 agicultural act in such a Whereas Congress, by enactment of the HON. WILLIAM J. SCHERLE manner that farmers will have economy Public Broadcasting Act of 1967, declared OF IOWA opportunities more comparable to those of that involving public broadcasting as "an ex­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES persons in other segments of our national pression of diversity and excellence" was a Monday, January 31, 1972 economy. matter of national importance, that would But while there ls adequate leglsla.tlon if help raise the educational level and public Mr. SCHERLE. Mr. Speaker, the intol­ properly administered· to handle the supply welfare of the nation generally, and; erable west coast dock strike continues to and adjustment in agriculture, there is not Whereas, in 1967, the Carnegie Commission hang on. In the next few days, the Taft­ now satisfactory legislation to handle the urged that the Corporation for Public Broad­ problems of transportation industry strikes casting be financed on a long-term basis in Hartley injunction will expire in the east that are costly to agriculture, the publtc order to permit its operation to be free from coast and gulf ports disputes. The follow­ and the nation. "political interference.", and; ing editorial by the Iowa Farm Bureau And we intend to be obsessed with the Whereas, the full promise of public broad­ Spokesman entitled "Dock Strike 'Ob­ need for action on this issue until Congress casting cannot be achieved until a plan for session'" graphically illustrates the eco- demonstrates that it is concerned and acts. January 31, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 1863 SALUTE TO JAYCEES Additional information that I have re­ self has got to protect its donors. So the maillng will be done in such a way that the ceived conclusively proves that the Re­ Republican donors will not know that their publican National Committee had al­ names have been supplled by the Republican HON. PHILIP M. CRANE ready taken command of the league's National Committee. OF ILLINOIS fund-raising activities before the Demo­ , Mr. Havens, Mr. Wagner, and Dr. Ladley IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES cratic Party was even contacted. Final feel that we must make another appeal for arrangements for Republican fund rais­ donastions soon. Thus, we ask you to con­ Monday, January 31, 1972 ing management of the league were sider this carefully, discuss it with the other Mr. CRANE. Mr. Speaker, this past finalized 8 days before the league even Boa.rd members, and send or phone your weekend, much of the political news requested similar assistance from the votes in to Jane Denton (703) 340-6349 as soon as possible. generated by the presidential candidates Democratic National Committee. JOAN. originated in Florida, at the annual I believe that the belated letter to the meeting of the Florida Jaycees. It should Democratic National Committee was a APRIL 14, 1971. come as no_surprise that the candidates Republican coverup hiding the link be­ Memorandum for: The League of Families. are sharing their views with the Jaycees tween the Republican National Commit­ From: Robert P. Odell, Jr. and hoping for their support in return. tee and the league. The GOP took over Subject: League solicitations. As I, and many of my colleagues, know fund raising activities for the league se­ I. COMPUTER SERVICES very well, the jaycees are among the cretly without any notification to the Maurice DuFour, President of IBMI, has more influential and dedicated citizens in general memership of the organization. agreed to maJ.ntaJ.n and print the necessary thousands of communities throughout With the league receiving fund-raising documents for the past contributors to the the Nation. ad vice and help from the Republican League. Someone on the staff of the League I am fortunate to have more than a National Committee, it comes as no sur­ should call Mr. DuFour at 965-5015 to make dozen hard-working jaycee chapters in the necessary arrangements for transferring prise that they followed the administra­ the tape from the faal.lity that Gorman was my district. Each year, during January, tion's line on the Mansfield-Boland using. the jaycees observe the founding of their amendment which was considered by this II. MAINTENANCE OF PAST CONTRIBUTOR FILE organization and I would like to take House in November. It was no mere co­ this opportunity to salute the jaycees, incidence that the position of the Nixon (a) Certain statistical counts should be particularly those in the north region of made of the current file including the total administration and the league were number of names, breakdown of individual Illinois. identical. contribution amounts, etc. I have attended several Jaycee func­ The connection between the league (b) The League should determine whether tions and have been deeply impressed by and the Republican National Committee or not each and every individual who con­ their hard work and their dedication to has apparently become so close that the tributed something through the direct mail their communities. These young men, national coordinator of the league and program has actually been thanked and pro­ who range in age from 21 to 35, spend Senator ROBERT DOLE, of the Republican vided with an action pack. Those who have countless hours of volunteer time in serv­ National Committee, have made similar contributed $100 or more should be ex­ ice to their fellow men. In so doing, they tracted from the file and a special letter of' statements to the press. appreciatlon sent to them. not only receive great personal satisfac­ I have renewed my call to · Senator tion, but they also are developing the im­ (c) Approximately 6 months after the in­ DoLE to immediately pull his advisers out itial solicitation, it would be appropriate and portant qualities of leadership and public of the league affairs so that the league worthwhile to re-solicit these individuals for service. can operate in a truly nonpartisan man­ a contribution. The letter should indicate Mr. Speaker, earlier this month, Pres­ ner. I applaud the decision of the league that the League recognizes their past sup­ ident Nixon, a former jaycee, paid tribute port and is returning to its friends with the to the jaycees by declaring a "National to form a nonpartisan political commit­ hope that they may be able to help out Jaycee Week." I would like to offer my tee to study the positions of various pres­ again. This solicitation should also indicate, best wishes to the jaycees and, for my idential candidates on POW issues. My in rather specific terms, what the money colleagues who are not familiar with the only hope is that the GOP is removed will be used for. jaycees, I include the Jaycee Creed. Its from the affairs of the league so that this III. NEW SOLICITATIONS message is one I think very worth spread­ nonpartisan political committee can (a) It is my suggestion that the League ing. truly be nonpartisan. develop ,a soHcltation program for new con­ THE JAYCEE CREED The documents follow: tributors. The program should include the We believe: selection and use of lists which might be WASHINGTON, D.C., made available to the group on a free basis. That fa1Jth in God gives meaning and pur­ April 14, 1971. pose to human life; (b) Copy should be developed by a profes­ DEAR BOARD MEMBER: The attached outline sional on a no fee basis. That the brotherhood of men transcends was submitted to us by Bob O'Dell and the sovereignty of nations; ( c) A knowledgeable and experienced indi­ Wayne Bradley who volunteered to help us vidual on a volunteer basis should purchase Tha.t economic justice can best be won by in direct-mall sollciting. Bob O'Dell ls Re­ free men through free enterprise; supplies and coord:lnwte the physical arrange­ publican National Committee (Finance) ments for the mailing. That government should be of laws, rather Executive Director, and Wayne Bradley ls than of men; (d) A group of informed volunteers should Executive Director of the American Medical act as a steering committee to set overall Thalt earth's great treasure lies in human Association in Washington, D.C. personality; policy and direction for the mail solicitation. Both, when we first met with them, be­ It should be always understood that the And that service to humanity ls the best lieved that we paid very high prices for ou_r work of life. solicitation mSJling also spreads the word la.st campaign, though the results were fairly about the POW-MIA situation. Therefore, good. We were given an outline of costs, great care should be taken to insure that the which is as follows: message in the mail ls very very clear. SECRET GOP LINK PROVEN Per thousand IV. FULFILLMENT Postage ------$16 Malling services ------8 (a) Each and every contributor should re­ HON. LES ASPIN Letter printing ------4 ceive a receipt and/or thank you letter for OF WISCONSIN Printing card (computer) ------10 their contribution. Those who contribute a substantial sum should receive a personal IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Enclosure ------5 Lists ------letter from the head of the League. Monday, January 31, 1972 Envelopes (750,000 already printed and (b) If 1't is the purpose of the League to unused per thousand) ------send its message to as many people as pos­ Mr. ASPIN. Mr. Speaker, on Friday, sible and to enlist support for its cause across January 22, I inserted into the CON­ Total ------43 the country, it should either on a regular or GRESSIONAL RECORD a series of documents Mr. Bradley will have the sollcitation let­ continuing basis, mail to its contributor list that revealed the link between the Re­ ter written, and we belleve paper for the information on its activities. Indlvidu:als who publican National Committee and the letters and the enclosures will be donated. have already contributed ha.ve indicated leadership of the National League of Most importantly, no one wm know that their support, but should be kept up to date Families of American Prisoners of War we are using the lists owned by the Republi­ on the problems and the work of the League and Missing in Action in Southeast Asia. can National Committee. The Committee it- on a continuing baSiis. 1864 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 31, 1972 NATIONAL LEAGUE OF FAMILIES OF dicate that he believed a meeting could bear­ only reason we remain in Vietnam, nor do we AMERICAN PRISONERS AND MISS­ ranged between some of our members and want them to be the only reason we leave. ING IN SOUTHEAST ASIA, theiir embassy. Immediately thererufter, we Washington, D.O., April 22, 1972. contacted the North Vietnrunese embassy, re­ JANUARY 26, 1972. Mr. LARRY O'BRIEN, quested a.n appointmenrt for five of our mem­ Hon. ROBERT DOLE, Oh.airman, Democratic National Committee, bers, ·and were told tha.t they would call us Republican National Committee, Washington, D.O. back with 'an answer. In toto, we contacted Washington, D.C. DEAR MR. O'BRIEN: As you know, the them seven times---ea.ch with the answer, "No DEAR SENATOR DOLE: It has come to my at­ League has certain expenses in its continuing appointment has yet been arranged." tention that the Republican National Com­ efforts to remind the American people and Needless to say, we were extremely disap­ mittee finalized plans to, in effect, take on arouse world opinion to the situation involv­ pointed in the other side's ret'usaJ. to see us. the management of the League of Families of ing the prisoners of war and Inissing in ac­ We believe that if they are sincere in their American Prisoners and Missing in Action tion in Southeast Asia. Whi'le these financial desiire for a 11asting peace, they would open in Southeast Asia before the Democratic Na­ needs are not gree.t, nevertheless, they are their door to the people who haive truly felt tional Committee was even notified. real. the effeots of this tragic war. The memorandum from the Republican Through a groups of volunteers in the di­ Because the Presidenrt; said thait he wanted National Financial Committee giving de­ rect-mail business, we are planning to solicit a commitment from the communists, regard­ tailed advice on fund-raising was dated April funds from a wide range of the American ing the release of prisoners, we attempted to 14. On April 22 the League asked the Demo­ public. In an earlier fund-raising effort, we oontact the North Vietill81me6e and the PRG cratic National Committee for help only as were charged for the use of lists. Our advisors to ask them to make this commitment pub­ an afterthought and as a cover up for Repub­ suggested that we contact you in your post licly to Ambassador Bruce. We have been lican control. as Chairman of the Democratic National deeply frustrated by the reports Of various · The League supposedly is a non-partisan Committee to ask if it would be possible to congressmen and newsmen and other groups organization. How can the League pretend to use the Committee's donor lists. We were ad­ who sincerely believe that the other side has be non-partisan or to represent the real vised by our consultants that your names made a commitmenit for the release Of prison­ views of the POW families when it is depend­ can be used in such a way that the donors ers Of war. However, no such statement is on ent on Republican funds and political ad­ will 0e unaware that the names are furnished the official record, although those words vice? by the Democratic National Committee. would clea.r the way for the President to an­ I renew my call for you to immediately We would be most grateful for your con­ nounce total wi·thdrawal of troops from In­ pull your advisors out of the League's affairs, sideration of this request. docihina. We urge the oommun1sts to make so that it can operate in a truly non-partisan Very sincerely, this cl1arification. manner. JOAN M. VINSON, In no other war in history have prisoners Sincerely, National Coordinator. been used to this degree to bargain for poli­ LEE ASPIN, tical concessiO'IllS. It seems to us that the Member of Congress. whole question Of peace in Indochina. has CBS INTERVIEW WITH ROBERT DOLE, JUNE 29, now been focused, by both sides, on the 1971 prisoner of war issue. If the handling of the CRONKITE. The Senate's mandate last week prisoners truly is the major stumbling block, for an end of American involvement in In­ then it seems to us thait it can be solved very PUBLIC OPINION POLL OF LEGION dochina-if the prisoners are released-puts easily by relatively minor move6 by both sides. OF ESTONIAN LIBERATION new pressure on President Nixon to announce It's diffi.cult to imagine that our relatives e. withdrawal date. But as it was written by in Southeast Asia can survive any more ex­ Majority Leader Mansfield, it is a statement tended wranglings and negotiations. The HON. LAWRENCEJ. HOGAN of SenaJte policy; it is not binding law. Even North Vietnamese have told us that they do OF MARYLAND if the House had not rejected it yesterday, not intend to take the first step. They do IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Mr. Nixon could have refused to implement not intend to release and account for our rel­ its nine-month deadline. And present indica­ atives until after the date for total with­ Monday, January 31, 1972 tions are he wlll reject any such deadline. drawal has been set. We can, therefore, only Mr. HOGAN. Mr. Speaker, the Le­ It also now appee.rs that the Administra­ hope that the President and his negotiators gion of Estonian Liberation recently tion is de-emph·asizing the POW issue it has in Paris are prepared to initiate other means espoused so ardently during the last two of resolving the war in Indochina and se­ conducted an opinion poll among its years, and is putting more emphasis on the curing the release and accounting for our members to determine their feelings ability of Saigon to survive. Republican Na­ men. about a wide variety of current issues. tional Chairman Robert Dole indicated e.s We would like to see both sides demon­ Mr. Maido Kari, executive secretary of much In an interview with Bob Schieffer. strate more flexibility and conciliation than the legion, wrote to President Nixon fol­ DoLE. we have to be very candid a>bout it, is represented by the over-simplified "Set a lowing the compilation of the results, we don't want to stay there just for the pris­ withdrawal date, and we'll tliscuss release of saying that he believed the statistics to be oners, we don't want to get out just for the prisoners," and "Promise to release the pris­ indicative of the general views of Es­ prisoners. They're very important, but they oners, and we'll discuss a withdrawal date." represent less than one-half of one percent of Surely there is room for negotiations some­ tonians in the United States, and I now the Americans who've died in South Viet­ where between these two undeviating posi­ insert the results of the questionnaire nam. tions. into the RECORD: It has also been charged that the prisoner LEGION OF ESTONIAN LIBERATION, INC., STATEMENT OF MRS. JOAN VINSON, NATIONAL of war qeustion is not the real issue. That it Gaithersburg, Md., December 14, 1971. COORDINATOR is being used as an excuse by one side or the Hon. RICHARD M. NIXON, 174 of our members returned Sunday ·a.f.ter other to prolong the war and avoid a settle­ The White House, an 8-day mission to Geneva, Paris and 9 ment at this time. We resent the possibility Washington, D.O. other European caipita.l•S. The main go·al of that our men's lives have become meaning­ DEAR MR. PRESIDENT: It is a plc•asure to the ft.rat por.tion of the trip, in Geneva, was less ciphers in the manipulation of interna­ forward for your information the results Of to ask the representatives of some 35 coun­ tional politics. Their lives mean too much the second annual opinion poll among the tries to respect and insure respect for the to us. members of the Legion of Estonian Libera­ Geneva Conventions of 1949 Relaitive to the If the prisoners are not the real issue, then tion, Inc. The mailed poll was conducted Treatment of Prisoners of War. Though we it is time for both sides to start talking about during the mid and latter pa.rt of November have no way of knowing at this time the ulti­ what may be the real problems in achieving with a 21.9·% return. The average age of mate results of our efforts, we do know tha.it a settlement of this war. It has been specu­ the respondents was 54.3 years. on the first day Of the conference, the mat­ lated that there are issues beneath the sur­ It is clear from the poll that our members ter of prisoners of war-which had not previ­ face, beyond troop-withdrawal dates and support the recently 1nit~ated economic pro­ ously been on the agenda for discussion­ discussion for release of prisoners. Some say grams and opposed the Congressional with­ was introduced by ainother country. the North Vietnamese will demand conces­ drawal of funds for the SST. · On May 27, in Paris, our entire group oib­ sions in the area of American air power, mil­ Your overtures toward the Peoples Re­ served the arrivals of the four parties in­ itary advisors and coalition governments as public of China as well as your trip to volved in the Peace Talks. Reporters present well as settlements in Laos and Cambodia. Peking are opposed by the majority. The asked the North Vietnamese and the Pro­ If these are root issues, they should be same holds true for the trip to Moscow visional Revolutionary Government delegates dealt with directly. The prisoners should be and increasing of trade with the Soviets. if our members would be permitted an audi­ removed from such bartering and afforded Our membership supported the adminis­ ence with either of their delegations. The the protections dictated by humanitarian tration in its policies to admit the Peoples PRG representative refused. The North Viet­ law. Republic of Cihina to the United Nations namese representative stated thait he did not We would like to have the POW/MIA issue while retaining Nationalist China a.s a UN feel that members of his delegation would put in its proper perspective. member. have enough time to meet with us. He did in- We do not want the prisoners to be the They disapprove the Mayday demonstra.- January 31, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 1865 tions in Washington, D.C. and think that tional security is from the Soviet Union and members and 55.1 % would have voted for you the best deterent to crime is stiffer punish­ that the most pressing internal problem fa­ as President during the polling period. ment. cing the Nation is inflation. Respectfully, The respondents to the questionnaire Your performance in office was rated MAIDO KARI, thought that the biggest threat to the na- either excellent or good by 66.4% of our Executive Secretary. [In percent}

No No No No Yes No opinion answer Yes No opinion answer

1. Do you support the President's troop with- 19. What do you think are the best 3 means to cut the drawal program in Vietnam?_ ____ ------64. 8 31. 8 1.8 1. 8 crime rate: (a) Provide better police training and selection? ______No No 77. 6 9. 3 ------13.1 Favor Oppose opinion answer (b) Stiffer punishment? ______92.6 3. 7 ------3. 7 (c) Increase the capacity of courts to 2. Do you favor or oppose a firm deadline (Mar. 31, handle criminal cases? ______83. 2 5. 6 ------11. 2 1972) for complete withdrawal of all U.S. (d) Improve rehabilitation programs in troops from Vietnam?______8.4 84. 2 5. 6 1. 8 prisons? ______43. 0 28. 0 ------29. 0 3. 9o you favor or oppose the President's price, wage and rent freeze? ______-- 86.0 10.3 3. 7 No No Favor Oppose opinion answer No No Agree Disagree opinion answer 20. Would you favor or oppose the legalization of marihuana? ______14. 0 76. 6 9. 3 4. Do you agree or disagree with the phase 11 of the freeze program to control inflation?______82.3 11. 2 5. 6 . 9 No No ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Yes No opinion answer No No Favor Oppose opinion answer 21. Do you support the concept of an all volunteer army? ______------17. 7 74. 8 7. 5 3. 7 5. Do you favor or oppose a freeze on interest 22. Do you support a constitutional amendment rates? ______-··- ______72.9 17. 8 7. 5 1. 8 which would allow prayer in the public 6. Do you favor or oppose a freeze on corporate schools? ______------____ --- 84.1 3.8 8.4 3. 7 profits? ______65.9 19. 2 13.1 1. 8 23. Should the U.S. Constitution be amended to 7. Did you favor or oppose the action of Congress guarantee equal rights for men and women?_ 59. 0 22.4 14. 9 3. 7 in withdrawing Government financial support 24. The biggest (rank in order from 1 to 5) threat to for development of the supersonic transport our national security in the next 5 years will (SST)? _____ ------21. 4 62. 7 13.1 2.8 come from: 8. Do you favor or oppose President Nixon's over- 1. Soviet Union______53. 4 ture to the Peoples Republic of China?______32. 7 51. 5 14. 9 . 9 2. International communism_____ 41. 0 9. Do you favor or oppose the President's proposed 3. Peoples Republic of China_____ 2. 8 trip to Peking?______32. 7 55.1 12. 2 4. The Middle East______2. 8 10 Did you favor or oppose the admission of the 5. North Vietnam______0 Peoples Republic of China to the United Na­ 25. Foreign aid: tions, provided Nationalist China (Taiwan) (a) Should the United States continue to ex­ retained its seat in the United Nations?______54. 4 35. 5 5.6 4. 5 tend military aid to non-Communist 11. Did you favor or oppose the admission of the nations? __ ------____ ------__ 76. 7 4. 7 2. 7 15. 9 Peoples Republic of China to the United Na­ (b) Should the United States continue to ex­ tions, even if it resulted in Nationalist China's tend economic aid to other nations?_ __ 36.6 46. 7 9. 3 7.4 withdrawal or removal from the United 26. Should the Federal Government .enact laws to Nations? ______6.5 84. 2 6.5 2.8 prevent strikes by public employees? ______88.1 2. 7 6. 5 2. 7 12. Do you favor or oppose an amendment to the 27. Do you favor or oppose stepped-up Federal U.S Constitution which would require that no spending programs to combat water, air, and public school student shall because of his 1 76. 7 8.4 11. 2 3. 7 race, color, or creed be assigned to or required 28. Don~~~et~r~ ~~~~i iocainewspapers (othertliaii- to attend a particular school?______41.3 38. 3 15. 9 4. 5 in editorials) report the news impartially? ___ _ 37.6 45. 6 11.2 5.6 No No No No Yes No opinion answer Favor Oppose opinion answer 13. Do you believe Israel should withdraw from 29. Do you favor or oppose President Nixon's trip occupied territories as a precondition to peace to Moscow? ___ ------28. 9 62. 7 3. 7 4. 7 30.8 56.1 13.1 14. Th~eiitia~~osn~~corne iii e-su ii fect-iif receiif coii:- No No troversy: Yes No opinion answer (a) Are you satisfied with the FB l's gen- eral performance? ______82.2 8.4 9.4 0 30. Do you favor increasing trade between the (b) Do you think the FBI Director J. United States and Soviet Union?_------11.2 81. 3 5.6 1. 8 Edgar Hoover should retire now?._ 17. 7 64.6 14.9 2. 8 31. Do you support the continuation of the space program at its present level? __ ------79. 8 9. 3 8. 2 2. 7 Disap­ No No 32. In your opinion what are the most pressing Approve prove opinion answer problems facing the Nation? (please number in order of importance): 15. In general, do you approve or disapprove of the 1. Inflation ______39.3 Mayday demonstration against the war in 2. Crime ______36.5 Washington, D.C. this spring? ______1. 9 93. 4 4. 7 3. Unemployment______17. 8 16. Do you approve or disapprove of the way the 4. Drug addiction ______3. 7 Washington police handled the demonstra- 5. Vietnam war______2. 7 tion? ______84.1 4. 7 6. 5 4. 7 6. Pollution ______0.9 Too Right Too No No Excellent Good Fair Poor much amount easy opinion answer 33. How do you rate President Nixon's and Vice 17. Do you think the Washington police used too much President Agnew's performance in office? force in handling the demonstrations, about President Nixon_------_____ ---- 27. 2 39.2 21. 5 12.1 the right amount, or were the police too easy on Vice President Agnew ______58. 0 32. 7 9.3 0 the demonstrators? ______33.6 59. 0 6. 5 . 9 34. If Presidential elections were held tomorrow whom would you vote for President? No No 1. Richard Nixon______55.1 Favor Oppose opinion answer 2. Spiro Agnew______24. 3 3. Governor George Wallace______14. l 18. Do you favor or oppose Congress enacting a 4. Senator Jackson_------1. 9 national health insurance program to cover 4. Governor Nelson Rockefeller___ 1. 9 catastrophic or prolonged illness? ______73. 8 11. 2 10. 3 4. 7 5. Lyndon B. Johnson______1. 8 6. Representative Wilbur Mills____ • 9

HAVRE DE GRACE GI KILLED IN Sp4c. Ronald A. Spudis, was recently Saturday, the Department of Defense an­ INDOCHINA killed in action in Vietnam. I would like nounced yesterday. commend his courage and to honor his Neither the family's parish priest nor the to Army chaplain who brought the news of HON. CLARENCE D. LONG memory by including the following ar­ the infantryman's death to the family were OF MARYLAND ticle in the RECORD: able to furnish any details other than thalti IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The article follows: "he was killed in Southeast Asia as a reSUlt HAVRE DE GRACE GI KILLED IN INDOCHINA of hostile action." Monday, January 31, 1972 Army Spec. 4 Ronald A. Spudis, 21, son of A native of Havre de Grace, Specialist Mr. LONG of Maryland. Mr. Speaker, Mr. and Mrs. Albert A. Spudis, of Havre de Spudis was president of his class at John a fine young man from Maryland, Army Grace, was kllled in action in Indochina Carroll Senior High School. While there he 1866 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 31, 1972 partLclpated ln all sports, according to his The only way to construe that statement THE SOVIET NAVY mother, and was a member of the Glee Club. 'is that Muskie thinks that right now "we" no Before he was drafted ln August, 1970, he longer love our country, no longer believe in was attending Harford Junior College. He it and a.re unwilling to fight and die for it as was active ln the affairs of St. Pa/trick's we once did. HON. MICHAEL HARRINGTON Church. That, in our opinion, ls hogwash. The f!'loct OF MASSACHUSETTS Specialist Spudis ls survived by his par­ that Muskie and a horde of fellow Democrats IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ents, a sister, Mrs. Barbara Bullock, of Edge­ are scrambling for the nomination is evi­ wood, Md., two nephews, David and Anthony dence that the great majority of the citi­ Monday, January 31, 1972 Bullock and a niece, Claire Bullock. zenry loves and believes enough in the Ameri­ Mr. HARRINGTON. Mr. Speaker, in can dream to work toward it through the this year of the administratior..'s esca­ two-party system. lating requests for military appropria­ To simply, as Muskie does, say that "we" tions we shall be hearing much about YOU CAN TRUST MUSKIE are unwilling to fight and die is a gross insult to the hundreds of thousands of American the threat of the expanding Soviet Navy military men who as careerists or draftees and the need for a massive buildup of HON. JOHN J. DUNCAN today serve the nation at home and abroad. the U.S. Navy in response. The public Credibillty is a legitimate enough issue. and Members of Congress will be bom­ OF TENNESSEE But the candidate who chooses to make it barded with the latest exciting details of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES one carries an extra burden of proof of his Soviet submarine construction, antiship Monday, January 31, 1972 own credibllity. And we suspect Muskie ls a more credible man than much of his oratory missiles, merchant marine tonnage, de­ Mr. DUNCAN. Mr. Speaker, I read a thus far would indicate. ployments to the Indian Ocean and the very interesting editorial in the Janu­ Mediterranean, and ominous hints that ary 22, 1972, Knoxville, Tenn., News­ the Soviets are finally, at last, building Sentinel. I think it provokes ~ome de~p WBBM RADIO SPEAKS OUT ON THE a genuine aircraft carrier. We will cer­ thought about our presidential can~1- NEED FOR VOCATIONAL EDUCA­ tainly be made aware of the threat in all dates and their credibility. I woUld llke TION its infinite detail. to share it with my colleagues by placing What we will not be given is a coherent framework for understanding what the it in the RECORD. The article follows: HON. ROMAN C. PUCINSKI growth of the Soviet Navy really means You CAN TRUST MUSKIE OF ILLINOIS for the national security of the United so say the signs that blossom when Sen. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES States. We will not know what reasonable Edmund s. Muskie of Maine takes his can­ Monday, January 31, 1972 and necessary steps should be taken on didacy for the Democratic presidential nom­ our part. There is a clear danger of an ination across the land. Mr. PUCINSKI. Mr. Speaker, WBBM Scripps-Howard's chief political writer, Ted aimless, tit-for-tat reaction that is based radio in Chicago has a reputation as one on nothing more than a primitive intui­ Knap, reports Muskie braintrusters s.et great of the most influential molders of public store by polls which show their mans credi­ tion that we must constantly have more bility quotient is higher than President opinion in my city. That station through and better, matching the Soviets ship Nixon's. its editorial series has spoken out force­ for ship, sub for sub. The astonishingly Thus, in what has come to be known as fully and responsibly on most of the ma­ gigantic increase in funding for the the "packaging" of the candidate, the poli.ti­ jor issues faced by Chicagoans. ULMS submarine program in the fiscal cal packagers and the candidate himself are Therefore, it was with great pleasure 1973 defense budget, responding to t.he seeking to exploit the "down-home" image that I heard WBBM add its influential alleged threat from an almost totally in­ of Muskie as a man whose word is his bond. voice to the call for a more realistic atti­ effective Soviet antisubmarine warfare Fair enough. Not all Administration prom­ tude toward vocational education in our ises have been kept. effort, is a first indication of the tren4 But at this relatively early stage of the society. I have been advocating the same toward overreaction to the Soviet Navy. game we would suggest that the Muskie pack­ idea for years and it is therefore with a We may confidently expect that there agers supply the candidate with some words great measure of pride that I bring to is more to come, unless we stop and think. more readily bondable than a good deal of the House's attention the editorial en­ There are very few Western experts the simplistic pap he has been offering. dorsing this position. on Soviet naval developments to whom For example: Mr. Speaker, the editoriail follows: one can turn with some confidence that 1. "The surest way to make jobs is to make VOCATIONAL EDUCATION jobs." one will receive an informed and bal­ WBBM feels it's time for a more realistic anced appraisal. The former British 2. "I believe we should bring American attitude toward vocational education. What's troops home by bringing all of them home." naval commander Michael MccGwire is wrong wt.th working with your hands? A a fortunate exception to the rule. Mr. This sort of "wisdom" might send a Zen major newspaper reports thalt by 1980 some Buddhist into rapturous contemplation of eighty per cent of all jobs will require less MccGwire served in the Royal Navy for his navel, but it's hardly adequate for the than a college degree. But these jobs will re­ some 25 years and was assistant naval American taxpayer-citizen who wants to quire skills. This demand is going to have to a ttache in Moscow. He is currently visit­ know precisely how these things are ·to be be met and it seems unlikely that a person ing professor of· military and strategic done, how much they will cost and what who has spent years studying the Romance studies at Dalhousie University, Halifax, their long-range domestic or international Languages would have these skills. Nova Scotia. effects will be. Certainly there will always be a need for The "jobs" issue, it turns out, a.mounts Michael MccGwire's writings provide a student who has mastered the Romance an insight into Soviet naval activi­ merely to expanding the existing program of Languages. But what we're talking about is making the Government the employer of last what we might call the average student. ties that can be found almost nowhere resort. Bright ... but not brilliant. Brilliant ... else in unclassified discussions. In the And the "bring the troops home" issue, but in a different way. Goaded by his parents July 1, 1971, RECORD, I previously brought Muskie says, means he'd stop bombing North he might go to college to become an account­ to my colleagues' attention two papers Vietnam and offer to withdraw all U.S. forces ant when he really wanted to be a barber. by Mr. MccGwire published by the Royal from South Vietnam by a fixed date in ex­ Everyone doesn't have to go to college to United Service Institution, "Soviet Naval change for release of American prisoners and be successful. Perhaps we were all shaken in guaranteed safety of the withdrawing forces. Capabilities and Intentions" and "Soviet the 50's when the Russians launched the Naval Procurement." Today I would like This seems to be a tactical, rather than stra­ sputnik. America, the world leader, was being tegic difference with an Administration that outstripped. In more recent years young peo­ to insert in the RECORD an article by Mr. already has made significant strides toward ple have attended colleges and graduate MccGwire that appeared in the October- bringing the troops home. schools to avoid being drafted. November 1971 issue of NATO's Fifteen Likewise Muskie proclaims: "I think what Polls indicate that Americans are most con­ Nations, "Russian Maritime Require­ we want once again is a country we can love, cerned about the economy. The economists a country we can believe in, fight for and die ments." I am also inserting a paper by talk about a thing called "proper allocation Robert Weinland of the Center for Naval for. If we build that kind of country nobody of resources." Youth ls probably our most will have to die for it." vital resource. We aren't going to achieve this Analyses, "The Changing Mission Struc­ We think even the candidate himself might favorable balance with a society of trades­ ture of the Soviet Navy," that provides have axed that ringing line 1! he had had men . . . nor will we achieve it with a so­ an interesting critique of some of Michael an opportunity to think about it a bit. ciety of eggheads. MccGwire's work. The material follows: January 31, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 1867 [From NATO's Fifteen Nations, October­ operations. They encouraged withholding by Khrushchev to force through these con­ November 1971] engagement, and co-ordinated attacks, rela­ troversial decisions. RUSSIAN MARITIME REQUIREMENTS tively close to shore. Of longer-term impor­ 1957-58 ance was the "young school's" pragmatic ap­ The Soviet Navy came to realise that it had · (By Miohael MccGwire) proach, which challenged the "western" doc­ (NoTE.-Michael MooGwlre is visilting Pro­ been geographieally and technologically out­ trine of command of the sea, questioned the flanked; the maritime threat once more be­ fessor a! Millta.ry and Strategic Studies at relevance of fleet actions such as Jutland, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia. came a national, rather than a single-service, denied the existence of some universal mari­ problem. The US Navy's A3D carrier-borne (As a Commander in the Royal Navy he time strategy applicable to all nations, and served in the function of .Assistant Naval At­ nuclear strike aircraft could reach Russia's argued that it was not necessarily best to industrial areas from the South Norwegian taohe in Moscow. He is a Russian Interpreter. match like against like. The post-war evo­ Latterly he has been "lecturer on Russian Sea and the Eastern Mediterranean; the US lution of the Soviet Navy suggests that this Navy's submarines had a much higher per­ Affairs" in the Department of International iconclastic approach was thoroughly as­ Politics at the University of Wales.) formance than the Soviet classes about to similated by the present high command, who begin delivery; and the US Navy was estab­ In the past, Russia's mru-itime policy has were then in their formative years as naval been di·citated by her extended coastline and lishing an anti-submarine area-defence sys­ officers. tem · off its seaboard which would largely the fa.ct thM; four quite separate seas waSlh 1945 her shores, requiring four self-sufficient fleets counter Soviet strategic delivery units. The to defend them. This has meant that al­ Although the "young school's" concept of repercussions of the consequential short­ though Russ•i& is predominantly a land maritime defence was by-passed by the Ger­ term decisions were considerable; they in­ power, for the last 200 yeairs her navy has man land offensive, it was directly relevant cluded curtailment or outright cancellation generally been the third or fourth largest to the threat which faced the Soviet Union of programmes which had been newly pro­ in the world. The Revolution did not allter after the war. Her likely opponents were now jected in 1954 (Kynda, J-Class and Longbin), the essential basis of Russian nav·aJ require­ the "traditional maritime powers", who had the cancellation of the second generation ments; what did change was her position in just demonstrated their capacity to project SSBN and the re-allocation of nuclear hull/ the international system and the new dogma and sustain continental-scale armies by sea. propulsion units to what was now the top that all caipitalist stwtes were adversaries. Operational concepts and, to a lesser extent, priority task of countering the carrier. Ohanged, too, was the style of government; building programmes were carried over The quiintum jump in the range of carrier­ this enabled ruthless decisions on relative wholesale from before the war, and the So­ borne aircraft had fundamental policy impli­ national priorities 8IIld an un-Russian per­ viet Navy's two main tasks continued as be­ cations. The maritime defence Of Russia had sistence in •their application. fore, but with the recent wartime priorities until then been synonymous with the ta.sk But continuity, if not persistence, has been inverted. The likelihood of invasion by the of defending the separate fleet-areas. Soviet a basic feature of Russian naval policy. Until West was seen as a substantial threat and operational concepts and naval force require­ the l·ate 1950's, their operational concepts the task of defending the fleet areas de­ ments had therefore been predicated on the were substantiaJly those established in the termined the size and shape of the twenty­ assumption that the main engagement zone 1937 "Fighting Instructions" (BUMS-37, year building programme; no shipyard ca­ with Western units (including carriers) pronounced "booms", not "bums"); and it pacity was allocated to the task of support­ would always lie within range of shore-based is symptomatic that the post-World War II ing military operations ashore. air oover; this was no longer valid. A nuclear reconstruction of the navy was the fourth Strategic delivery was added as a third, submarine was the only naval unit capable such Twenty-Year Programme to have been new task. Being the only weapon available, of meeting the new requirement that car­ started in 65 yea.rs. the submarine-torpedo was the original de­ riers must be countered in distant sea areas; The question which concerns us here, is livery vehicle, but a submarine-launched hence the decision to build-up a force of nu­ whether this continuity was broken in the ballistic missile (SLBM) had been developed clear submarines as the main offensive arm early sixties, and Whether we are now faoed by 1955. The task of strategic delivery was of the fleet. As a corollary, cruise-missile with a radically new style of Soviet naval given priority in the allocation of nuclear armed units would have to rely on their own policy, seeking to pursue what we, in the propulsion within the fleet. sensors for target location, which meant that West, see as the traditional policies of a mar­ 1954 horizon-range systems must be developed. ttime power. The first major adjustment to Soviet mari­ The inadequacies of the original classes of The short answer is no, but. The evidence time policy came after Stalin's death in early strategic delivery units meant an increase for this assertion lies in Soviet warship '53. This engendered a review of national rather than a cut-back in the construction building programmes, the composition of defence, which concluded that the primary of SSBN (nuclear-powered ballistic-missile their navy and the pattern of operational threat was from surprise nuclear attack, and submarines). With this additional require­ deployments. The fundamental change has belittled the likelihood of major maritime ment it necessitated a threefold increase in not been in ·the aims of Rlussian naval pol­ invasion. At this period, the post-war naval nuclear submarine building capacity; this icy, but in the nature of maritime warfare; building programme had just reached full was scheduled to begin deliveries to the fleet most particularly the range from which production; besides her submarine force in 1968. devastating military force can be launched (planned to be 1200 strong by 1965) the A very differerut type of consequential de­ against strategic targets on land. But; the Soviet Union was building a large and rea­ velopment was the establishment in 1958 of a question does not lend itself to short unqual­ sonably well-balanced surface fleet. Horizon­ forward submarine base in the Mediterran­ ified answers, and must be viewed in per­ range cruise missiles were ready to enter ean, whereby a tender and (ultimately) 8 spective. serv10e aboard surface ships, and the Soviet W-Olass were deployed to Valona in Albania. PERSPECTIVE Navy had reason to believe that they were 1961 If we bear in mind such factors as the Rus­ ahead of the US Navy in submarine­ The third, and most far-reaching shift in sian Navy's flair for technical innovation launched ballistic missiles (SLBM), and run­ naval policy took place in 1961 1 and was and the sorry record of poor administrative ning ~evel on nuclear propulsion. prompted by three developments; (the inter­ support, it wm be sufficient to start with If the Soviet Union had chosen to con­ natiOiltal climate at this period is typified by the rebuilding of the Red Fleet. During the tinue the existing allocation of resources to the U-2 incident and the Berlin wall). Before 1930's work was put in hand to more than naval new-construction, this would have Polaris was deployed, there were widely held double Soviet naval building capacity, and yielded a surplus of capability over her re­ doubts about its usefulness, and the Soviet for the first time a sustained and sucess­ assessed defensive requirements. It is there­ navy was not alone in assuming that it was ful effort was made to establish four largely fore significant that her political leaders primarily intended to close the northern arc self-sufficient fleets. The Twenty Year Pro­ chose instead to shift resources into the da­ of threat against Russia; hence the reconfig­ gramme (1928-47) provided for about 9 cap­ mestic economy and into building up the uration of the cancelled Stalingrads to pro­ ital ships, 30 cruisers, 200 destroyers, 400 merchant and fishing fl.eets. The allocations duce the Moskva olass of "anti-subinarine submarines and large numbers of torpedo of resources to strategic delivery was not cruiser" (the Soviet designation) which was boats and naval aircraft. The scale of con­ diminished and it was maritime defence intended to extend helicopter coverage and struction was not excessive, either by com­ which bore the brunt; this involved re­ the anti-submarine defense zone in the Ba­ parison with pre-revolutionary programmes assigning the remaining 7 cruiser-ways and rents Sea. However, by 1961 it was clear that (e.g. 1970) or the threat which faced the really savage cuts in current and projected the threat from Polaris would cover 270° of Soviet Union. What was unusual by con­ naval building programmes, including halt­ arc, of which the northern sector was prob­ temporary standards was the composition of ing the construction of medium-type subma­ ably the least significant. the Red Fleet, with its seemingly dispro­ rines. This cut-back in warship production portionate number of submarines, torpedo­ Second, the Soviet naval leadership also boats and aircraft, backed by coastal surveil­ was made possible by the Soviet leaders' will­ perceived the particular nature of "nuclear­ lance systems. ingness to gamble on the successful develop­ missile war" at sea. The essential distinction This reflected the operational concepts de­ ment of long-range cruise missiles for ship­ rived from the so-called "young school" of board application, which replaced the need 1 I.e. before September 1962; the Cuban naval strategy; these had been incorporated for large numbers of individual units. It was crisis only served to confirm that in Ameri­ in BUMS-37, and emphasised the navy's the present C-in-C of the Navy, Admiral can waters a diesel submarine is a dead sub­ role as one component of combined military Gorshkov (then only 45) , who was promoted marine. 1868 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 31, 1972 between sea-borne strategic delivery systems are good indications that between 1961-67, meet the changed requirements since they is that it is practical to with-hold the for­ increasing but unavailing pressure was were first designed. Many of what might seem mer from the initial exchange with a fair brought on Egypt to provide sheltered berths to be the Soviet Navy's proudest ships, fall assurance that the weapons will remain and limited support facllities ashore. After within this category. available for a deferred strike. Nuclear war Egypt's defeat, both port and maritime air ECONOMIC FACTORS is a possibility inherent in mutual deter­ facllities became available and the quantum rence, and although the Soviet Union wishes jump in the scale, quality and effectiveness 1. In 1953, the Soviet Union's merchant to avoid such a war, should it happen she in­ of the Soviet naval presence in the Medi­ tonnage was barely adequate for intra-Rus­ tends to prevail; one might assume that her terranean was notable. This was a significant sian coastal trade, and if she was not to re­ plans allow for the occupation of a largely development, not least in the unprecedented main completely in hostage to the West for undamaged western Europe. This intention commitment of the Soviet Flag. It raises far­ the carriage of a.id as well as trade, she had could be thwarted if the USA retained a reaching questions as to whether similar base to build up her own merchant fleet. By 1959 monopoly of sea-bornli' nuclear weapons, with facilities will be essential in other areas, and the Soviet Union was managing to carry over which she could dictate the final outcome. the extent to which Soviet foreign policy half her own trade, but this had fallen back The Soviet Union was not able to rely on will be influenced by these requirements. to 37% in 1961, by which time the annual currency drain was running at about $100 matching this monopoly with an equivalent CONTEXT force of her own; her recent experience had Mn. The proportion rose again to 50 % in shown that she could. not be certain that So much for perspective. Now a few facts 1965, but despite the volume of new shipping her new-design submarines would have the to set Soviet policy in context. tonnage, was back to 47% in 1967. It ls plan­ margin of performance which would guaran­ STRATEGIC FACTORS ned to carry 75 % of Soviet trade In Soviet tee their evasion of US counter-measures. In 1. To quote Admiral Gorshkov's assessment, ships by 1980, but this will still leave some consequence, if the Soviet Navy was to fore­ in 1967 one third of the United States stra­ 70 mlllion tons of Soviet exports to be close the US option of withholding naval tegic strike capabllity was seaborne, and by shipped in foreign bottoms. systems from the initial exchange, it had to 1970 the proportion would rise to one half. 2. Fish provides about 20% of the protein provide for at least the possibility of the de­ 2. For the last 14 years Western aircraft consumed in Russia; fish products now earn struction of such units at the outbreak of carriers have simulated launching nuclear foreign currency and are a welcome form of war, irrespective of whether or not the ef­ strikes against Russian territory, in the aid. fective reaction time was likely to prevent course of major NATO exercises in the South MARITIME POLICY the actual launch of these strategic weapons. Norwegian Sea. It will help us determine whether, or in The third imperative to action was the So­ 3. With the increased range of strategic what way Soviet naval policy has changed if viet Navy's eviction from its Albanian base delivery systems, the ea.stern basin of the we consider it in terms of their maritime in mid-1961. Mediterranean is now in many ways of strategy. FORWAHD DEPLOYMENT greater defensive concern to the Soviet Union Maritime strategy is concerned with the The most far-reaching policy implication than her Arctic Seas. Moscow is equidistant use of the sea; both for a nation's own pur­ was the shift to forward deployment. Faced between the two, but whereas the population poses and the way in which others may use by the maritime preponderance of the West, and industry thin out to the north, to the it to harm the nation's interests. A nation's this was no simple decision, and Gorshkov south and east of thre capital lies the greater maritime policy reflects the relative im­ has mentioned the need to "meet the quali­ part of Rusisa's industrial strength. A3D portance it attaches to both these strategic tatively new requirement" which involved strike aircraft were operating from carriers aspects (which I will call "purposive" and the "organic restructuring of traditional in the Mediterranean by 1958; Polaris de­ "preventive" respectively), and its material naval policy." The Soviet Navy appears to ployed on patrol in the Mediterranean in capacity to pursue effective policies in sup­ have evolved a new operational concept March 1963. port. which depends on the fact that where nu­ 4. The Arabian Sea is the optimum area Western theory has tended to equate mari­ clear missiles are concerned, the shift from from which to target both Russia and China time strategy with maritime control, but this peace to war is instantaneous. Hence, if So­ with the 3000 nm Poseidon missile; it also reflects our particular experience and cir­ viet naval units are within weapon-range of provides good Polaris coverage of industrial­ cumstances. Use of the sea is not synonymous their Western opponents at the outbreak of ized central Russia, reaching to just west of with the use of force at sea, nor is control war, they only have to survive long enough Moscow. Well publicised US/ Australian dis­ of the sea always essential to its use. Sea to discharge their weapons. This concept cussions begain in 1961, resulting in the 1963 power is only one element of maritime could be described as posing a permanent agreement that the US Navy should build a strategy, and its influence ls variable. counter using the protection of peace. The VLF station (i.e. to communicate with sub­ By tradition, and through force of circum­ central (and radical) decision, to by-pass the merged submarines) at N.W. Cape in Aus­ stances, Russian maritime policy has been basic naval requirement to be able to sur­ tralia. less concerned to pursue a purposive strategy vive in a hostile environment, is funda­ 5. If "Soviet" submarines deployed to mark than to prevent others from using the sea to mental; it has allowed the Soviet Navy to U.S. naval strike units, had a point d'appui her disadvantage; but Tsarist policy was base its future plans on the forward support in the Carribean, this would permit a sub­ frequently ineffective because of lack of poli­ of unprotected units on distant deployment. stantial reduction in transit time to the tical will and inadequate material support. Militarily, it is only tenable in the context of attachment area off the U.S. Navy's East During the inter-war years the Soviet mutual deterrence. Coast bases. This would enable an increase Union pursued a traditional Russian mari­ An important adjunct to this concept of in time-on task of 20%-40% (depending on time policy but with a difference; her lead­ marking Western strategic delivery units, was the standard length of deployment) allowing ers were convinced of the policy's vital im­ the physical extention of the existing Soviet either a corresponding reduotion in the num­ portance and made strenuous efforts to en­ zones of maritime defence (their separate ber of units required or an increase in the sure the necessary material capacity to imple­ "fleet areas") to cover the more vital sea­ density of cover. ment an effective preventive strategy. This areas of threat, such as the Norwegian Sea MATERIELE FACTORS process was carried through to the post-war and the Eastern Mediterranean. This would 1. As a measure of the allocation of re­ years, when the great bulk of the navy's re­ deny Western units the advantage of unim­ sources to Naval power, in the 13 years 1958- sources were allocated to maritime defence. peded access, simplify the problem of coun­ 70, Western nations (i.e. NATO plus Aus­ By the middle fifties, Soviet maritime pol­ tering carriers 1n the area and enable the tralia, New Zealand and Japan; eX'Cluding icy had developed two purposive elements, Soviet Navy to apply certain of its tactical Sweden and Spain) built 2-3 times as many and needed to use the world's oceans: procedures for area defence. These extensions surface ships of 1000 tons or more, as did a. For the deployment of strategic delivery and the requirement to provide forward the Warsaw Pact countries. If account is submarines. support to un1'ts on distant deployment ne­ taken of the considerable disparities in size b. For fishing, trade and aid. cessitated .the partial reh~b111tation of the and capability at every level of comparison, Between 1957-61, there was a five-fold in­ surface ship as a vital component of the Western resource allocation has been 3-4 crease in the range from which maritime :fleet; this was evidenced by various high­ times as great. attack could be launched aigainsit targets on ranking statements in early 1962, and the 2. Until 1968, the USA was building more land. Shifting the engagement zone to far decision to convert Katlin and Krupneyj to nuclear s:ubmarines per annum than the So­ distant waters changed the substance of pre­ SAM-armed ASW ships. But this did not viet Union; thereafter the Soviet rate has vellltive strategy, and the advent otf nucle·ar diminish the exposed nature of the forward been rising to about 16-18 a year (a three­ missiles meant that what were essentially deployments, or the danger that the West fold increase) while U.S. construction wartime tasks, had to be discharged contin­ would see them as convenient hostages to dropped to about :n.ve. :luring the last 13 years uously in pea.cetime. But, it did not change Soviet good behaviour. It was considered im­ the West built more nuclear submarines, but the type of strategy. prudent to rely too heavily on the protec­ the Soviet Union built more diesel units. This is not just semantics. The why of an tion of peace, and future new-construction 3. As a measure of the problems which have aotLon is qu!Jte as important as the what, surface units were to be adequately armed, hampered Soviet post-war naval construc­ since it determines the degree of political in order to discourage a pre-emptive strike or tion, at least 13 surface and eight submarine commitment. In terms of Soviet maritime seizure. building programmes have been cancelled or strategy, this has two major implications. 1967 curtailed, comprising over half of those pro­ 1. Naitlonal security takes priority over all The Arab/Israeli war in June 1967 provides jected. In Russian eyes at least, the perform­ other Soviet iruterests, and defence Of the a final insight into Soviet naval policy. There ance of these classes was inadequate to homeland ls the irreduclble core of any na- January 31, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 1869 tional strategy. Political commitment to the [INS Professional Paper No. 80, Institute of bution to our understanding of Soviet naval preventive strategy of a forward naval de­ Naval Studies, Center for Naval Analyses, developments--and it is now clearly in­ ploymerut is therefore likely to be high. The Oct. 7, 1971] cumbent upon those who would speak to requiremelllts of this strategy are likely, there­ THE CHANGING MISSION STRUCTURE OF THE this subject to at the very least specify the fore, to influence Soviet foreign policy, and SOVIET NAVY nature and degree of divergence between their arguments and his. Justify action which in other circumstances (By Robert G. Weinland) might be seen as running counter to Russia's In addition to his timely and te111ng com­ long term interests; (eg the deep embroil­ Robert G. Weinland is a member of the ments on the origins and generally counter­ ment in Egypt.) professional staff of the Center for Naval productive consequences of alarmism, a 2. The Soviet Union will naturally extract Analyses, Arlington, Virginia. The ideas ex­ charge which I hope cannot be leveled against the maximum polttical advantage from the pressed in this paper are those of the author. my remarks here today, McGwire makes a enforced presence of Russian naval units in The paper does not necessarily represent the set of observations concerning Soviet naval distant sea a..reas. But options which might views of either the Center for Naval Analyses, policy and practice that upon close exami­ lead to a need for positive action will be the United States Navy, or any other spon­ nation appear to be generally consistent cautiously pursued and she will be particu­ soring agency. with the available evidence, and well worth larly chary of any initiative which might This discussion makes two basic points: repeating. At the risk of te111ng you some­ prejudice her primary mariJtime interests. To 1. the character of Soviet naval operations thing you already know, let me briefly list a considerable extent, these rely on corutinu­ has changed significantly over the last few what one might take to be his principal ing maritime stiab111ty and the freedom of years, and these changes reflect a modifica­ points. the seas, both of which lie within the gift tion of the navy's mission structure. 1. Post World War II Soviet naval develop­ of the West. 2. we in the West should be more aware of ment has taken place in response to, and has There M'e both dangers and opportunities this change, and its implications, than we therefore been shaped by, the threat per­ to NATO in this siturution. On the one hand, are at present. ceived posed to the USSR by Western naval Soviet naval action in support of their ma.in The essence of the argument to be pre­ capabilities. prevent! ve strategy will be backed by a far sented is that, while ·the defense of the homf~­ 2. The primary mission of the Soviet fleet greater degree of political commitment than land against attack from the sea has been, is is the defense of the homeland against at­ were it a case of traditional maritime ex­ now, and will undoubtedly continue to be its tack from the sea: their attention is conse­ pansionism or an urge to gunboait diplomacy. primary mission, the Soviet navy has recently quently focused on at least blunting, if not On the other hand, lesser categories of Soviet acquired an additional responsibility-a re­ negating, the principal threat of such at­ naval initiative will be subject to cQllSider­ sponsib111ty for the "protection of the state tack-Western seabased strategic strike ca­ able constraints, and the degree of political interests of the USSR on the seas and pabilities-and their force ls designed to per­ commitment will be even lower than could oceans"-and it has begun to carry out that form this task in the period when that threat otherwise be expected. In this respect the mission. As a result, it can no longer be is most imminent--the transition to, and Soviet Union will be more responsive to regarded as simply one component of the initial period of, a general war; the domi­ clear-cut statements of Western iruterest, more or less reactive Soviet defense estab­ nant element in this strategy is essentially and sensitive to prompt and positive Western lishment, it must also be considered an active that of damage-limitation, and involves, to reactions to a probing initiative. instrument of Soviet foreign policy-and use McGwire's wording, "posing a per­ There remains the question of whether the hence the proper subject of greater concern manent counter under the protection of Soviet Union, now that her fleet has been to the West than has heretofore been the peace"; and it is in order to be able to pose drawn forward, will be tempted by the poli­ case. this "permanent counter" that they have tical opportunities to develop a traditional There are two questions that must be ad­ adopted a posture of forward deployment. world-wide maritime capab111ty in support of dressed before ·this argument can be taken up, 3. Their ability to exploit this forward an expansionist policy. On balance, foT sever­ however. The first concerns the relationship deployment for purposes other than stra­ al reasons, this does not seem likely. The of this to other explanations of recent Soviet tegic defense is limited by: sheer scale of Western maritime preponder­ behavior. The second concerns the likely ade­ a. the very requirements of strategic de­ ance; the cost in men and resources of a large quacy of any explanation of Soviet behavior. fense that originally brought them fgnize : il'irst, that some portion of their behavior illuminate the extent to which their forward there is no reason to believe that they will is the result of explicl..t decisions of the deployments serve not only strategic defen­ have other than complex answers. Soviet government, some the result of gen­ sive but other ends as well. One way is to Any attempt to describe and explain recent eral naval policies, and some the result of examine the Soviet forward deployment pos­ Soviet naval activities must explicitly come the initiative of local commanders-and we ture as a whole, and see where ·and how to grips with two major problems that lie at often can't tell which is which; and closely it parallels the disposition of Western the heart of this complexity. The first is our Second, we have to recognize that much strategic strike forces-colocation presum­ imperfect knowledge of the subject. The sec­ -0f their behavioc cannot be explained as the ably being the sine qua non of a capability ond is the fact that, while for purposes of result of some one or another rationally ar­ to counter these forces. The other way in­ analytical convenience we tend to treat the ticulated and implemented policy, since it ls volves the identification and examination of Soviet navy as a more or less homogenous the product of physical and organiza.tional specific cases in which the Soviet navy has and distinct, even autonomous, entity, in constraints--some of which we can identify, clearly acted, not in defense of the homeland, reality it ls not that at all. and some of which we cannot. but to protect state interests. Let us go as far For a variety of reasons, our knowledge of The antecedents of most of the external as we can down each of these paths, and see Soviet naval policy and practice is at best behavior of complex organizations such as how close we can come to a plausible explana­ imperfect. In the first place, our information this are woefully difficult to recognize. This tion of their behavior to date, and a forecast base consists primarily of observations of is especially so when our access to the in­ of what they appear likely to do in the future. those things that are more or less readily ob­ ternal goings-on of these organizations is With the exception of an abortive attempt servable-the statements and actions which limited, and we are forced to infeqo anteced­ to circumvent the restrictive provisions of the are the end products of the policy process. ents from their observable consequences­ Montreux Convention by stationing sub- The farther back up that policy cha.in we remembering all the while that any action , marines in Albania in the late 1950's, the So­ attempt to go in analyzing their behavior, oan, and most actions probably do, have viets did not establish a significant combat­ the less we are able to rely on empirical more than one antecedent. ant presence outside their home waters until evidence, and the more dependent we become In some instances, both the action and the 1964, when they began to deploy surface on inference. The most directly observable context in which it occmrs will be sufficiently forces into the Med!lterranean on a regular phenomenar-operations conducted outside unambiguous to permit identification of the basis. Although they had been making oc­ Soviet waters.--turn out to be those furthest relevant antecedents. In other instances, how­ casional cruises to foreign ports since the removed from their policy origins, and thus ever, that wm simply not be the case. mid 1950's, had been conducting annual exer­ most susceptible to intervening factors. We This is be ca use-as indicated several ti:mes cises in the North and Norwegian Seas since can see how deployed forces are used, and already-most of these . actions will be in the late 1950's, and had caused quite some learn quite a bit from such observation, but fact reactions, responses to changes in the consternation around Cuba in 1962, 1964 we can't see the antecedent decisions being international environment. Again, as already must nevertheless be regarded as the start­ made and policies being articulated-and indicated, most of these environmental ing point for what we see today. these are, of course, the very things we need changes will be changes in the military pos­ Since 1964, they have effected a better than to know most about in order to understand tures of the West-in particular, seabased ten-fold increase in their out-of-area deploy­ why the Soviets act as they do. strategic strike capabilities. Perhaps as little ments-with the major portion of this in­ Secondly, this imperfection in our knowl­ as five years ago--<:ertainly ten years ago-­ crease occurring during and after 1967, and edge ~s unevenly distributed throughout the one could have stated with very high con­ concentrated in the Mediterranean. Steady.. analytical community. For obvious reasons, fidence that, not most, but all of the changes state deployment in the Indian Ocean began most of what is known does not appear in that elicited such Soviet reactions would have in 1968, and periodic cruises to the Carib­ the public record. Furthermore, most people been changes in Western seabased strategic bean were initiated in 1969. Operational days have no way to assess the quality of that strike capability. That cannot be said today. in the Atlantic and Pacific are accounted for information which is in the public domain. Today the Soviets are responding not only primarily by periodic deployments for their Even if it is assumed that most of this in­ to Western strategic forces, they are also own exercises and monitoring of Western ex­ formation is accurate, there is no way for responding to events in the international ercises, as wen as by inter-fleet transfers-­ them to tell how representative it is of Soviet political arena that have no bearing whatso­ the principal steady-state deployments here behavior as a whole. eve·r on the strategic bal · an~nd their are those of intelllgence collectors a.nd their These two faotors acting in combination actions are not only responsive. but initiatory own strategic strike forces. have severely coDJStrained systemaitic analy­ as well. At the ons-et of this discussion it was The question a.t issue-whether these for­ sis of Soviet naval policy and practice. Not st ated tha-t "the character of Soviet naval ward deployments are related to the presence only has the circle of those directly engaged operations has changed significantly over the in such research generally been restricted to last few years, and these changes reflect a of Western strategic strike forces or are the relative few Who have access 1n one way modification of the navy's mission struc­ undertaken for other purposes-must be ap­ or another to ofilcial daita sources, the un­ ture." This increase in the political content proached region by region. With the excep­ equal distribllltion of information has also of their naval operations in the change to tion of operations in the Gulf of Tonkin,' inhibited the development of a working which that statement referred; and the in­ dialog with those outside this circle-a dia- dicated modification to the Soviet naval Footnotes at end of article. January 31, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 1871 the general deployment patterns of U.S. paranoid than ls usually thought the case, or 2. protection of their clients against forces capable of launching strategic strikes both. I would hesitate to do either. threats both foreign and domestic, and against the Soviet Union-in effect the at­ Western strategic strike forces are not now, 3. assistance in the establishment or en­ tack aircraft c&Tiers 8illd ballistic missile and never have been, stationed in the Indian hancement ot political influence with non­ launching submarines-have not appreciably Ocean; and, given the exigencies of geography clients. varied since before the Soviets began moving and the current and foreseeable strategic bal­ Some operations apparently have more forward. ance, there ls little incentive for the West to than one such objective. The CVA's have been opera.ting in the place its offensive capabilities there. We could As indicated, what is said here about these Mediterranean and Western Pacific for more do it, of course, but it would cost more than operations is based on reported observa­ than two decades. The first SSBN went on it would buy, and the Soviets can calculate bles-overt Soviet activities and public state­ patrol in the Atl&ntic in 1960, the Mediter­ this as well as we can. . ments-and on inferences linking these So­ ranean patrol rurea was established in 1963, Since they cannot be operating in defense viet activities with the contexts in which and patrols from Guam were init~ated in of the homeland, there being no strategic they occurred. Reporting on these operations 1964. threat against. which to defend, the Soviets in the press has been rather minimal, but There is no point in attempting to con­ must be doing something else in the Indian enough has been revealed to permit the fol­ test the attribution of a strategic defensive Ocean. As their actions to date have shown, lowing three undertakings to be pieced to­ motive to Soviet Mediterranean deployments. this "something else" is essentially political gether.6 The West maintains signifioont strategic in character. The first-a case in which the Soviets ap­ strike capabiUties there, and the Soviets have Their periodic deployments to Cuba remain parently acted to protect their own re­ good reason to be concerned about them. somewhat enigmatic. Had they been allowed sources--occurred in February-March 1969, If we were in their shoes we would be con­ to run their course, the purpose of these and involved the attempted application of cerned as well. operations might have become clearer-but "pressure" to Ghana to expedite the release Having just granted a strategic defensive U.S. actions have obviously distorted the sit­ of two Soviet fishing vessels impounded the mission for the Soviet forces in the Mediter­ uation. preceding October. The evidence is purely ranean, if only on the basis of colocation, Soviet operations off the west coast of circumstantial, but two facts lead one to the following points should nevertheless be Africa, on the other hand, leave little to the suspect a resort to classic gunboat diplo­ made: imagination; and provide ample evidence of macy here: (1) the unprecedented deploy­ CVA's had been there for at least 15 yea.rs the changing character of their activities. ment of three combatants to this area was before the Soviets responded with a perma­ There are two aspects to this change: a sig­ undertaken after a series of less radical nent counter, and the Soviets cannot have nificant increase in the scope and intensity moves-including strongly-worded protests thought them any less rumgerous to them­ of their operations in the region, and an and the imposition of significant economic selves when first deployed there than they equally if not more significant increase in sanctions-had not effected release of these think them to be today; the political content of these operations. trawlers, (2) the release of the trawlers co­ SSBN's had been deployed there for over Prior to the changes, Soviet naval activity incided with the obvious presence of the a year before the Soviets undertook anything off the West African coast was both infre­ Soviet units in the Gulf of Guinea, most that could conceivably be regarded as a quent and unrelated to events on the littoral. likely directly off the Ghanian coast {they counter-deployment, and for five years before Their naval presence in the area was ac­ took 13 days to go from an unusually well­ the anti-submarine cruiser Moskva came out; counted for primarily by various R&D ac­ publicized visit to Conakry, to a hastily-ar­ The initial Soviet combatant deployment tivities, and the passage of units in transit ranged visit to Lagos, a trip that normally coincided with the 1964 Cyprus crisis, and elsewhere. Within the last two years, how­ takes about 4 days). This is, of course, only the major esoolation in their deployment co­ ever, this situation has come to be the exact an inference. There is no direct evidence. It incided with the 1967 Arab-Israeli war-but opposite. Soviet naval activity off the West is, however, a plausible explanation for an neither coincided with a major change in African coast has become more or less con­ otherwise a.mazing set of coincidences. CV A or SSBN operations, because there was tinuous, and directly related to events on the no such change; and finally The second operation-a case in which the littoral. Their naval presence in these waters Soviets have apparently been acting to pro­ While some of the Soviet forces in is now accounted for primarily by operations tect a client-ls equally if not more signifi­ the Mediterranean may be performing underta~en in defense of established Soviet cant than the first. Until the Daily Tele­ all a strategic defensive function of the state interests in the region, and the navy graph lifted the lid somewhat, there was next time (e.g., shadowing carriers), and most has been employed in active support of So­ to no information available on this opera­ if not all of their forces may act in that viet foreign policy undertakings aimed at the tion.6 What information there is suggests capacity some of the time (e.g., as they did establishment of new state interests there. during the invasion of Czechoslovakia) , some that, in the aftermath of the Portuguese­ Before identifying and examining a set of supported attack on Conakry last November of these forces indisputably perform other cases in which naval operations in this area missions (e.g., deterring Israeli strikes on 22nd, the Soviets established and have since have been conducted in defense, not of the maintained a regular combatant patrol off Port Said and Alexandria) in no way con­ Soviet homeland, but its overseas interests­ nected with the defense of the Soviet home­ one in tempted to say its imperial, if not the coast of Guinea, to deter or prevent a land, but clearly in defense of Soviet inter­ imperialist, interests-the parallel between recurrence of such events-perhaps some­ ests in the region. Soviet activities off West Africa and their op­ thing roughly analogous to our MARKET Furthermore the Soviets have not been re­ erations in the Indian Ocean should be made TIME operation off the coast of Vietnam. If luctant to discuss their Mediterranean de­ clear. Just as there are no Western strategic this is the case, it represents a significant ployments in public. While admitting a stra­ strike forces deployed in the Indian Ocean, departure from their previous caution-since tegic defensive mission for these forces, they and hence no need to defend against such a in acting for Guinea, they are of course act­ put equal or greater stress on another, essen­ threat from that quarter, there are no West­ ing against Portugal, one of the least power­ tially political mission: neutralizing Western ern strategic strike forces deployed along the ful members of NATO, but nevertheless a interventionary capabilities, particularly as West African littoral, and no reason to sus­ member. I will return to this point in a represented by the U.S. Sixth Fleet, and di­ pect that there ever would be. Once again, moment. rected against their Arab clients. the costs of operating there outweigh the The Third operation, in which the Soviets As stated earlier, a deployment such as the likely gains, and the Soviets are just as capa­ acted to establish their influence with a non­ Soviets have effected in the Mediterranean ble as are we of calculating those costs and client, ls well documented in the public can have more than one antecedent, and gains. media. It occurred this May, and involved therefore be intended to perform more than It is conceivable that the Soviets might an ostensible "business call" to Freetown, one mission. Consequently, given the com­ ultimately want to establish some sort of Sierra Leone, by a Ka.shin-class DLG (pos­ plexity of the context, and the ambiguous basing structure of their own in the area, sibly detached from the Guinea Patrol for nature of many Soviet actions there, while perhaps to support forward deployments this purpose) . There is nothing especially re­ we clearly must grant the Mediterranean elsewhere in the Atlantic. Doing so would markable about most Soviet "business Squadron a strategic defensive mission, we have much to recommend it; but the chances calls"-they require fuel, water, proviSlons, must also grant it other functions-in this of their acquiring the necessary rights ap­ and an opportunity for crew R & R just as case political in character. pear slim indeed, and they would probably does everyone else. This "business call," on In most of the other regions where they be reluctant to pay the costs involved. In the other hand, is remarkable on two have assumed a forward deployment posture, any event, this ls not what they appear to be grounds-the activities undertaken by the the situation is more clear cut, and the con­ doing at the moment-and it is not likely Soviets while in Freetown (which were not text and content of their operations makes that they will attempt it in the near future. at all those typical of "business calls") and identification of their motives comparatively Their recent naval activities in this region the local political situation in which the visit easy. As already indicated, Soviet operations can be classified in at least three categories­ took place {which was extraordinarily recep­ in the North Atlantic and Pacific are clearly each of which apparently represents a dif­ tive to outside influence) . governed by strategic offensive and defensive ferent aspect of the overall mission of pro­ Siaka Stevens, who had just declared Sierra considerations. The establishment of a per­ tection of their state interests. These activi­ Leone a republic and engineered his own manent presence in the Indian Ocean, on the ties are: elevation to the Presidency, was at that mo­ other hand, cannot be regarded as motivated 1. protection of their own resources-per­ ment in deep trouble-seriously in need of by the same considerations-unless we regard sonnel and equipment-operating in the the Soviets as grossly uninformed, or more area, Footnotes at end of article. 1872 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 31, 1972 some means of establishing the legitimacy fl.cation of their activities in defense of state discussed this type of activity at some length, of his regime in the eyes of his constituents interests presented earlier in given in order in particular in his very recent book: Gun­ and heading off what was widely believed to of what might be termed ascending adven­ boat Diplomacy: Political Applications of be an impending coup. The Soviets provided turousness-from reaction to int.tiative, from Limited Naval Force, London: Chatto and at least the requisite legitimization, and pos­ self-prostection to at least internationalism if Windus, 1971. This paper is an attempt to sibly also a visible deterrent to the coup. not rank imperialism. This is the direction reinforce much of what he has said, arid What was announced to the outside world to in which they appear to be going, and it ap­ carry the argument somewhat further. be a routine "business call" by the Ka.shin was pears to be the result of conscious choice on 'Which, it should be noted, have elicited pointedly portrayed to the people of S'ierra their part. no Soviet countering actions. Leone as what is normally referred to as an The most recent step in that direction­ 5 These descriptions are based on the in­ "official visit"-involving all of the customary the proclamation of a "policy of ac·tive coun­ formalities and protocol exchanges, with teraction to Imperialist aggression" in the formation presented in: James M. McConnell, their implied recognition of Stevens• legiti­ wake of the 24th CPSU Congress-has not The Soviet Navy in the Indian Ocean, CNA mate status and visible demonstration of yet been put ito the acid test. If they mean Professional Paper No. 77, August 1971 (Un­ Soviet solidarity with him. It seems to have what they say, however. and their behavior classified) . worked. in Egyp·t demonstrates beyond doubt that e Cf. The Daily Telegraph (London), 27 Now it is admittedly tempting upon hear­ they are willing, under certain circumstances, September 1971; 4 October 1971; 11 October ing about these three relatively obscure un­ to commit their own forces to combat in de­ 1971. dertakings to say "so what?". With the ex­ fense of a client, it would appear that sooner ception of the purported Guinea patrol, these or later a situation might arise-perhaps off actions are in and of themselves insignificant. the coast of Guinea, perhaps off the horn of Their importance, of course, lies in the fact Africa-in which both East and West, acting A,POLOGY TO DR. KISSINGER that they are not just isolated instances of in defense of their own interests, or in sup­ the use of naval forces for political purposes. port of Third World clients, meet on at In the first place, they continue a trend sea-perhaps inadvertently, certainly well initiated in 1967, when the Soviets estab­ away from the accustomed arenas and estab­ HON. K. GUNN McKAY lished a permanent naval presence in the lished patterns of confrontation in the OF UTAH Port Said and Alexandria areas-openly com­ Northern Hemisphere, and probably in a sit­ mitting themselves to the defense of Egypt, uation over which each has at best only IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and attempting thereby to deter further partial control. Monday, January 31, 1972 Israeli strikes. The process by which they Both the Soviets and NATO have demon­ have subsequently become ever more closely strated some ability to control the course of Mr. McKAY. Mr. Speaker, there has identified with the defense of Egypt, par­ events on the center stage in Europe and in been some discussion recently about the ticularly in the first two years, is too well the Mediterranean, where the stakes and uses which have been made of the Exten­ known to require exposition here. risks are clearly very high. One wonders if sions of Remarks section in the CON­ Secondly, these are not the only instances, both will be able to exercise the same re­ and West Africa is not the only arena, in straint out on the periphery, where the stakes GRESSIONAL RECORD. While I frequently which they have undertaken such operations and risks appear to be much lower. find myself in disagreement with some of over the last two years. They have, for exam­ Some may not find this scenario particu­ what is printed in this section, I gen­ ple, done essentially the same thing in the larly appealing. There are, of course, many erally have felt that it serves a useful Indian Ocean-the principal target there ap­ factors which make it unlikely of realiza­ purpose in disseminating information to parently being the Somali Republic. That, tion-not least of which is the growing in­ however, is the proper subject of discussion clination on the part of both the United both Membevs of Congress and the gen­ at another time and place. States and the other major NATO powers to eral public. A recent insert, however, does For a variety of reasons, politically oriented studiously avoid becoming involved in local neither. It serves no useful purpose. In operations such as these have not received conflicts in the Third World. fact, it adds only to increasing distrust the attention they deserve. Five reasons why It is not, however, an incredible scenario­ and suspicion about Government. Such this might be so come readily to mind: especially if the Soviets are, as just depicted, 1. most such activities, far from being in­ becoming increasingly adventurous. an attitude eventually discredits all of us sidious attempts to export Communism, are Much more likely-and I would submit and does nothing to uplift our already rather straightforward exercises in the ap­ only slightly less dangerous in the long run­ sagging spirits.· plication of seapower for influence purposes, ts a situation in which a NATO member with The article to which I refe.r was en­ long a common feature of interna.tional in­ clearly defined and strenuously defended in­ titled in the RECORD, "Herr Kissinger te.rcourse; terests south of the Tropic of Cancer-Por­ 2. the principal areas in which these oper­ tugal for instance-winds up facing the So­ Swings Secretly in Harlem." While I have ations are currently being conduc·ted-the viets down there alone. Portugal's policies not always a.greed with the President's East and West African littorals-are not con­ and practices in Africa are not universally foreign policy nor with the role of Dr. sidered of vital import to the West today; popular, and the Tropic of Cancer is clearly Kissinger in the formulation of foreign 3. these operations have very low military defined as the Southern boundary of NATO content, present little if any immedia;te responsibility-both factors which would policy, surely Dr. Kissinger deserves more threat to vital Western interests, and do not make it easy for the other NATO members than to reprint a scandalous notation directly affect the strategic balance; to opt out of whatever might ensue. from a newspaper of dubious repute. The 4. and this is the principal point of this Could the Alliance-or what is left of the article has overtones of attitudes which discussion-this change in Soviet behavior All1ance-take the strain that such a situa­ Congress should work to discourage, not ls sufficiently recent, and sumciently at vari­ tion would engender? I don't propose to ance wlth their previous modus operandi, so answer that question; I simply propose that encourage through reprinting. that, coupled with the relative paucity of we take now whatever steps appear to be There is always room in Government information on Soviet operations in general, appropriate to insure that such a situation for legitimate criticism. It is even in the few observers would recognize these activities does not arise in the future. best interests of good Government. But for what they are unless looking specifically for such behavior; and FOOTNOTES it is not necessary to bring imputations 5. thus far, the Soviets have been lucky­ 1 Let me note here that the "we" refers in against another man's character, in­ none of these operations has backfired. very cavalier fashion to that amorphous col­ tegrity, or honor. I have always felt that To a certain extent, by being exceedingly lective of organizations and individuals, both persons who occupy po.sitions of public cautious in selecting their course of action private and official, which provides informa­ trust and responsibility, o.f whatever in each case, and by being very discrete in tion and advice to policymakers. discussing such activities in public, they have 2 In particular, his paper on "Soviet Naval party, are entitled to some measure of manufactured this luck. They have, never­ Capabilities and Intentions,'' presented at a sympathy and understanding in the dis­ theless, been lucky. joint RUSI-Southampton University seminar, charge of their duties. It is difficult to One of these days, their luck might run Milford-on-Sea, 23-25 March 1970, and sub­ please everyone and the best of policies out. This being a non-zero-sum world-in sequently published by the RUSI in: The adversely affect someone. However, there which Soviet loss does not necessarily signify Soviet Union in Europe and the Near East: is no justification for personal attack Western gain-it is quite possible, and if the Her Capabilities and Intentions, London, West does not take the appropriate steps 1971. (Reprinted in: Congressional Record, either against someone's character or beforehand it is quite likely, that whatever vol. 117, pt. 18, pp. 23362-23370.) loyalty. I for one wish to apologize to Dr. losses are incurred will be mutual. a That this change has occurred should Kissinger for the unnecessary and un­ It is no accident that the three-fold classi- come as no surprise. James Cable has recently called for slur. January 31, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 1873 CONGRESSMAN OTIS G. PIIKE RE­ preservation of the wild mustangs, high diverse groups as the American Legion PORTS TO HIS CONSTITUENTS ON school students wrote about the possibil­ and the International Ladies Garment FIRST SESSION, 92D CONGRESS ity of getting college loans, college stu­ Workers Union. Just for the record, Gar­ dents wrote about the 18-year-old vote. diner's Island is owned by the estate of Defense workers wrote about unemploy­ Sarah Diodati Gardiner and the United HON. OTIS G. PIKE ment, Federal workers and teachers States Trust Co. of New York is the exec­ OF NEW YORK wrote about pay and pay freezes, retirees utor of the estate. Under the bill the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES wrote about inflation and the cost of liv­ two people who nJw have the life use of Monday, January 31, 1972 ing. Despite the huge volume of mail, the property could continue to hold it we answered it, and we tried to help for life or for 25 years. The proposal is a Mr. PIKE. Mr. Speaker, the first ses­ where we could. long-term one but in view of our popula­ sion of the 92d Congress convened on Many issues which were of national tion pressure I believe we must plan for January 21, 1971, and did not finally ad­ concern were of immediate concern to the future and preserve some open spaces journ until the week before Christmas. eastern Long Island, too. The national for our children. Accordingly, my 11th annual report to concern over the preservation of our en­ As we look forward to 1972, we can ex­ my constituents could not be placed in vironment was made more specific at pect many of the same issues to be be­ the RECORD until the second session be­ home by the threat of drilling for oil off fore Congress this year. It will probably gan. This, however, is it, and although our south shore and by oil spills in the be another busy year as far as votes are it is not as attractive as a Christmas card, sound. Suffolk County's unemployment concerned and it will surely be a contro­ people should have a bit more time to rate ran well above the national average versial one. Election years, particularly peruse it now. because of the stronger slump in the presidential election years, are frequent­ The first session of the 92d Congress aerospace industry. The F-14 program ly so rife with maneuvering for partisan was not the longest on record, because of was under attack in some quarters in advantage that very little gets done. As summer and election recesses, but it did Congress, and remains in difficulty today, you know, I am a Democrat, but I sup­ result in more record votes than any not because of the performance of the ported the President more than half of other session in history by a wide mar­ aircraft, but simply because of its cost. the time in the first session. I will con­ gin. During the year-long session, 320 The immediacy and importance of tinue to do so when I believe his pro­ record votes were held on almost every these problems caused a flood of meet­ posals are sound, but I will not support vital issue concerning America and ings, correspondence, and legislation them all. For example, during the cur­ Americans. This compares with only 177 which had to be attended, written, and rent fiscal year we anticipate a huge record votes 2 years ago and with only sponsored. I have done and shall continue deficit of approximately $40 billion in our 116 in 1961, the year I entered Congress. to do all that I can responsibly and use­ Federal budget. The budget just pre­ Most Americans would agree that the fully do to prevent any drilling for oil sented to Congress already anticipates three issues most concerning Americans off our shores at this time for I believe another $25 billion deficit for the fiscal are the continuing war in Vietnam, an that there is no way in which present year which begins on July l, and Jan­ economy combining recession and infla­ technology can conduct such drilling uary predictions are notoriously opti­ tion, and the preservation of our en­ without serious danger of great damage mistic. This is no time for an insolvent vironment, and these were indeed the is­ to our waters, our beaches, and our ma­ government to be talking about sharing sues on which the greates,t controversy, rine life. revenue it does not have or of guaran­ the most debate, and the largest number As to the problems of the F-14, I have teeing an annual income to others when of votes took place. Other very serious been in constant communication with it cannot guarantee its own. We must cut issues on which the Congress took at both the heads of the Grumman Corp. down on waste in our Federal spending, least some action included crime control, and the Navy officials responsible for the from the defense budget to the welfare drug abuse, health, civil rights generally program. For the best interests of both budget. We can, and we can make more and women's rights in particular, con­ our national security and our local econ­ money available for our elderly, our de­ sumer protection, education, including omy it is essential that Grumman con­ prived, and our handicapped, our unem­ the peripheral issues of school prayer and tinue to produce an aircraft with all of ployed, and our environment, without schoolbusing, election reform, welfare the capabilities which the F-14 contains bankrupting the Nation. By the same reform, and all the myriad problems in the most efficient and least expen­ token, I felt obliged to vote against tax which confront our Nation, seemingly in sive manner possible. Any further cur­ cuts which would only increase the ever-increasing numbers. tailment of the program would have deficit. 'I1le Congress started slowly, as com­ very serious effects on our whole Long Congress has all too often a voided is­ mittees were assigned new members and Island economy q,nd on our aerospace in­ sues rather than meeting them. On v.otes began hearings on new bills, but by the dustry. as vital as the Mansfield amendment and end of the session votes were coming at One issue which involves both na­ the contempt citation of CBS, all our such a frantic pace on the floor of the tional legislation, conservation, and east­ votes were procedural rather than "yes" House that all Members of Congress were ern Long Island in particular is the bill I or "no" votes on the merits of the issue. finding it difficult getting their other have i.."ltroduced to create a Gardiner's For example, I voted against sending the work done. While legislation is a major Island National Monument from Gardi­ CBS contempt citation back to the com­ job of the Congressman, no less impor­ ner's Island, some small outlying islands, mittee, not because I thought that CBS tant is the job of acting as a liaison man and over 1,000 acres of land at Napeague should have been cited for contempt of between his constituents and the Federal on ~he south shore of Lung Island. My Congress, but because we should have Government. While after the 1960 census hope is to carefully preserve the wild­ faced the issue. our district had approximately 415,000 life and trees and buildings of the island With these general philosophies in persons in it, the 1970 census shows that by restricting access to it, while provid­ mind, I hope you will look at the voting it has today approximately 850,000 peo­ ing additional swimming, camping, and record appended hereto. This does not ple, making it the second largest in the recreational facilities for our exploding include all of the votes we had-with Nation and more than twice as large as population on the Napeague property. As 320 votes it would take a book-but it some. Our offices in Washington and with any major issue, some voices were does include the most important, the Riverhead received over 200 letters, tele­ heard in opposition, but the general con­ most controversial, and the toughest grams, postcards, and phone communica­ cept has now been endorsed by the Audu­ ones. One other explanation is necessary. tions each day, much of it pertaining to bon Society, the Wilderness Society, the On every law which requires the spend­ legislation, but more of it pertaining to Open Space Institute. the Suffolk County ing of your money, we have four sepa­ other problems people were having with Planning Commission, the Nassau-Suf­ rate votes. First, we authorize a certain the Federal Government. Young people folk Planning Board, the East Hampton amount of money. The Senate usually were concerned with their chances of be­ Conservation Advisory Council, and authorizes a somewhat different figure ing drafted, older people were concerned other conservati0n groups. It has been and then the House and Senate get to­ about a lost social security check. Grade opposed by the Daughters of the Ameri­ gether in a conference and work out a school students wrote concerning the can Revolution, but supported by such compromise. We then have a second. vote 1874 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 31, 1972 on the compromise on the authorization. PIKE VOTING RECORD Authorize the Secretary of Agriculture The compromises are called "conference DATE, ISSUE, AND PIKE VOTE to provide additionru $150 million for free January 21: Election of Speaker (Albert school lunch programs for needy children reports.'' When the authorizing process (yea 332; nay O), Yea. is through we have a third vote on an ap­ 250; Ford 176), Albert. March 3: Increase permanent debt ce1llng Establish an environmerutal draita system propriation bill which actually provides (yea 304; nay 18), Yea. the money and a fourth and last vote on from $395 billion to $430 billion (yea 228; nay 162), Yea.. · Provide criminal penalties for shooting at the conference report on the appropria­ March 10: Extend Presidential autho or rce water project presently under consideration. which previously b ad been used freely b y and to those ideals that cause us to be The latest technological advances in other many individuals whose lan ds overlie t he a cohesive nation of many peoples. fields are combined with desalting in the plan basin , ( 4) use for no]" ular recr ?ational pur­ Should our country ever falter, I am worked out by Langdon W. Owen, Secretary­ poses of lands and waters employed in the certain that the Ukrainians will be Mgr., and the District's staff and approved by u nique system of rech arge of groun dwaters the District's farsighted Board. and ( 5) r ~ lat i vely loose cont ent of the de­ among the first to become a pillar of sup­ Financing of the $31,000,000 cost of the livery of d omestic supolies undergrou nd to port. project has been assembled from Federal, the households and other water users in the January 31, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 1881 District. An additional measure of the suc­ order to preserve environment of the vast lay on authorization has become ap­ cess of the District in its pioneering work in region. parent as programs have been deferred these fields is fact that to date it is the only Frequently, Federal and State reviewers one among more than 1100 such public look at such projects as WF-21 as potential right and left. New York State has in­ agencies in the State to have worked out contributors to degradation of the existing vested heavily on the assurance of Fed­ practicable answers to all of these problems. environment. But in this case, a careful im­ eral reimbursement, but now the hard­ POPULOUS ORANGE pact study of WF-21 was made and the proj­ pressed State has clamped the lid on any ect was found satisfactory up through the further prefinancing and programs all Necessity, again, has been the mother of highest level of review (WDR, 4 Nov. '71, 1). the inventions of the Orange County Water over the State have been shelved indef­ No problem of thermal pollution of the ocean, initely. District. Orange County is 48th in size among noxious odors, air pollution, or noise abate­ Calif.'s 58 counties, but its 1.4 million people ment was foreseen that could not practically The Public Works Committee has make it the second most populous county be resolved, and for which solutions were not ordered a basic bill reported and has in­ in the State. Between 1960 and 1970, Orange incorporated into the plan. The time has ar­ dicated it expects to be rearty for floor County grew faster than any other county in rived in the maturity of America when such action within a month. Then, the meas­ Calif., having a rate of growth of 101 per cent. environmental precautions should be taken ure goes to the Senate. Final acti.on thus Orange County is semi-arid. It's at the end with respect to the construction of every is at least 2, maybe 3, months away of the water supply systems that serve it, the project, especially one like WF-21 which will Colorado River through the Colorado River It is essential that there be new in­ be a key element in the environmental en­ terim action through another continuing Aqueduct; the Santa Ana River, over devel­ hancement of the region that it will serve. oped primary source of supply for Orange resolution. The pollution problem is County; and the State Water Project's Calif. CONTINUITY DEMANDED great; the need is clear. Aqueduct, which in any event, is not expected In an arid and semiarid land, such as the to bring Feather River water·to the areas of Southwest, in which Orange County is but an the Orange County Water District until 1980. impacted spot on the map of the whole, popu­ Waters of the Santa Ana River, used and re­ lation growth and economic development in­ used in the basin above the Orange County exorably demand development of the water THE MEDICAL SITUATION IN SOUTH line, presently average about 750 ppm TDS and related land resources. Once started, the VIETNAM on arrival in Orange County. The Colorado processes of development must be continuous water also contains 750 ppm at the point because early solutions become later prob­ above Parker Dam at which diversions are lems in resources use and management in a HON. BELLA S. ABZUG made into the Colorado River Aqueduct. Each never ending progression as growth proceeds. OF NEW YORK reuse of water in Orange County adds up to It's far too early to foresee wh9.t Water 250 ppm. Factory 22 may be, when it is proposed 100 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Hence, the most severe assault on the en­ yrs. from now. But those interested Jn the Monday, January 31, 1972 vironment of Orange County is not made by maintenance of a satisfactory quality of life pollution of the waters, but by the progres­ in the Southwest Region may clearly recog­ Mrs. ABZUG. Mr. Speaker, I recently sive almost imperceptible degradation of the nize WF-21 as the next answer required of received from a group of medical per­ we.ter quality through increasing the burden the present generation. sonnel-doctors, nurses, and para­ of dissolved solids that the water carries. And The threshold of urgency has been reached medics-who have worked in South Viet­ those who would protect the environment by first in the Southwest because of the aridity nam two most upsetting letters. It would urging recycling of the waters, as by reclaim­ of the region and because of the intense im­ appear that in "Vietnamizing" that war­ ing the sewage waters that are discharged pact of population growth. But other regions into the sea, a.re engaged in a self-defeating will not lag far behind. torn country, Mr. Nixon is withdrawing contest unless a source of high quality water WF-21 may find sites where it will be du­ medical personnel and humanitarian can be provided to improve the average qual­ plicated on the Merrimack, the Androscoggin, programs at a faster rate than combat ity of the supply. About one more use and and Lake Erie as well as in the Southwest in troops and materials. the reclaimed sewage, though free of all con­ the waning yrs. of this century. The letters also point out that the re­ taminants, nevertheless woul<1 become un­ duced American casualty rate does not healthful. mean that the war itself is being reduced. Wl'-21 GENIUS All that it means is that more of the This ts the genius of Water Factory 21. It DELAY ON POLLUTION CONTROL -killing in Indochina is of and by people makes feasible recapture and reuse through as many as two or three additional cycles of with yellow skin, and that nonwhites are as much reclaimed sewage as the desalting being victimized to protect American in­ water that it provides. QON. THADDEUSJ. DULSKI terests and the nonelected Thieu govern­ OF NEW YORK ment. DUPLICATE PLANTS IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The United States, ·having laid waste The significance here is not found in the 3 MGD of desalted water that the VTE/ MSF Monday, January 31, 1972 much of Indochina, cannot just pack its test module will provide, but rather in the bags and go home. We bear a serious fact that WF-21 will open the door to ways Mr. DULSKI. Mr. Speaker, the Federal responsibility with regard to restoring the to restore and enhance the environment of water pollution control program is in the health and vitality of the peninsula and many areas much larger than Orange County. awkward position of having funds avail­ its people. The attached letters point this WF-21 could be usefully duplicated anywhere able, but no authorization to spend them. out, and I include them at the conclusion in the Southern Calif. coastal plain, where Twice, the Congress has enacted con­ of my remarks: 11 million people live. Almost no one living tinuing resolutions to keep the programs JANUARY 24, 1972. in the coastal plain enjoys drinking water operating under supervision of the En­ Congresswoman BELLA ABZUG, of recommended quality, unless he can afford vironmental Protection Agency, the sec­ House of Representatives, to have it brought to him in a 5-gal. glass Washington, D .C. jar and fed to him through a private foun­ ond one expiring last October 31. The House approved another 3-month exten­ DEAR. CONGRESSWOMAN ABZUG: The enclosed tain. The water factories wouldn't all be iden­ open letter documents the tragic medical tical. But they would be similar and they sion, but the Senate cut it back to a situation in south Viet-Nam today. It was would enhance environments to which they mon1 .h and then the measure became written by doctors, nurses, and paramedical were adapted, just as WF-21 will enhance moot as it got lost in the end-of-the-ses­ personnel from seven countries whose cumu­ environment of the Orange County Water sion maze of legislation. lative experience in south Viet-Nam goes­ District. Today, I have joined my colleague back as far as 1967. Several of the doctors are The whole of the lower Colorado River working for AMA and USAID sponsored pro­ Basin, including most of Arizona, Southern from New York LEY. l.Y.tr. Speaker, coopera­ manitarian programs should be among the South Viet-Nam, the South Vietnamese peo­ tion between the United States and the last to be withdrawn. ple are not receiving anything close to ade­ Soviet Union in our effort to establish an In addition to the undersigned, many quate medical care. improved relationship has been aided by other foreign medical personnel in Vietnam These policies reveal a savage disregard actual and potential agricultural trade. have concurred With all or most of this let­ for the Indochinese people whose lives are The sale of feed grains in 1971 and the ter, but are under obligation not to engage being damaged and destroyed by the pro­ longation of this war. Together with the potential sales of U.S. soybean products 1n actions in Vietnam which might be con­ are good indications of discussions which strued as "political" in nature. They are continued host1lities they result in the fol­ primarily concerned with continuing their lowing additional facts which characterize can lead to improved relationships be- work, and previous protests from concerned the present health care situation in south­ tween our two nations. foreign c1v111ans in Vietnam have often re­ ern Viet-Nam: Another excellent method of improv­ sulted in threats or harassment, and in some (1) The crowded, filthy conditions in ing the understanding and relationships cases expulsion from the country. poorly staffed RVN province hospitals have between our two countries is through an In a society where a citizen can be "legally" often been a source of comment, but these exchange of information. imprisoned and sentenced to death for conditions have not changed appreciably in Prof. D. E. Alexander, geneticist at "spreading rumors" or "weakening the will the past five years--until recent policies have of the army to fight," it should be obvious imposed new hardships. the University of Illinois, has been why we have not invited our Vietnamese (2) Preventive medicine programs should honored for his contribution in this effort friends and counterparts to sign this letter. be given the highest priority, but they are through his work with Russian graduate January 31, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 1883 going up, meaning that more jobs will not the President's assistant for international students attending OW' university. Pro­ affairs, said it might take two years for the to come with added business; in others imports fessor Alexander has been named the are expected to pluck the fruit of an eco­ changes to show up. Russian All-Union Academy of Agricul­ nomic pickup, and in still others the present Another disappointment for those hoping tural Sciences for his contribution in de­ production rate can handle increased con­ to whittle down unemployment wm be the veloping com with higher oil and protein sumer buying without new hiring. automobile industry. An extra million vehicle content. He visited Russia in 1962 upon This does not mean there is no hope for sales would mean a quarter-million jobs, the the invitation of the Minister of Agricul­ reducing unemployment in the new year. Administration announced last fall as it The entire manufacturing segment of the moved to help the industry. tW'e and spent 10 days as a maize con­ The 7 per cent auto excise tax was removed. sultant. economy accounts for only a fifth cl'! the nation's work force. The number of jobs in And the '72 new car price increase was rolled Election to the academy is the highest services, wholesale and retail trades, and lo­ back to 3 per cent instead of 4 to 5 percent, honor Russians give agricultW'al scien­ cal governments continues to grow even in meaning that the 1972 new cars are priced tists. Professor Alexander is the first the recession. under the 197l's. American to be so honored. And, the failure of big industries to add Currency changes completely wiped out the A spokesman for the Soviet Embassy, significantly to the employment rolls does price advantage of small foreign imports over in making the presentation, called Alex­ not mean that President Nixon's new eco­ the American made small cars. And it is pos­ nomic program is a failure. Some of the ac­ si:ble that a half-million or even a million ander's election to the academy "an more American-type cars could be sold in the omen of a very bright future for the im­ tions of the last five months may have saved the industries from major production cut­ nation this year over 1971. But the return in provement of relations between OW' two backs and .more layoffs. new jobs will be low through much of the countries." I agree and salute Professor But it does help explain why high unem­ year. Alexander for his contribution to im­ ployment has persisted as the economy "We built 400,000 vehicles over retail de­ proved relations between the people ot swings up and why the jobless rate remains mand in 1971,'' said a high-ranking execu­ the United States and the Soviet Union. burdensome in the old manufacturing cen­ tives of the General Motors Corporation. ters that depend on such industries even as That added production was to make up for strike loses in 1970. But it means that G.M. the nation prospers. 1 The nation's unemployment rate averaged requires a big sales increase in 1972 just to keep production and employment at last MAJOR INDUSTRIES NOT LIKELY 5.9 per cent in all of 1971 and 6.1 per cent in the month of December. Economists are pre­ year's levels. TO CURB THE UNEMPLOYMENT dicting some decline this year, generally to CALLBACKS AND LAYOFFS RATE IN THE UNITED STATES a rate close to 5.5 per cent, higher at the The company is calling back or hiring 3,900 beginning of the new year, lower at the end. workers in the first three months of this HON. ROMAN C. PUCINSKI In the steel industry, according to an year-and will add 1,400 more by fall to in­ analyst of the United Steel Workers at the crease production-but laying off 1,000 others OF ILLINOIS union's Pittsburgh headquarters, "Even un­ because it does less new model styling. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES der the added levels [of steel making expect­ But the G.M. executive said the year's em­ Monday, January 31, 1972 ed in 1972) you're not going to get above ployment would probably be around the level depression levels of employment." of 1968 for the big automaker, or 425,000 Mr. PUCINSKI. Mr. Speaker, the New Last fall the steel industry's job number hourly workers, not much above the 421,000 York Times of January 30 carried a fell to 430,000 hourly and salaried workers at the end of 1971. front-page story indicating that our from 536,000 in the summer-the lowest em­ Other carmakers promise no more in the major industries are not likely to curb ployment level since the Depression days be­ job field. Stocks of new cars are high and the high unemployment rate in the fore World War II. if modest production increases are needed There were special troubles: A strike threat they can come from overtime. United States. meant steel users built up inventory last year Just as important, the high and steady While we have gone through three but there was no strike. The users then production rate expected this spring is budget deficits in a row and a variety worked down their hoard rather than buy counted on, as in steel, to make for produc­ of economic game plans before the Presi­ new metal while imports from abroad soared tivity gains. New plants and equipment, too, dent's new economic policy was an­ far beyond voluntary quota agreements. add to those giants in high production peri­ ods. Ford's new foundry at Flat River, Mich., nounced last August 15, I submit these MORE TONS, FEWER WORKERS is an example; it replaces a 50-year-old plant plans merely attempt to treat the symp­ Last year the nation's steel makers pro­ a few miles north and will produce as many toms of inflation rather than the causes. duced 120 million tons of the metal. This engine blocks and other castings with 15-to- Other news accounts report that for­ year, an industry analyst in Washington pre­ 20 per cent fewer workers. eign automobile manufacturers have ab­ dicts, tonnage is expected to climb to 131 ROLE OF FOREIGN CARS sorbed the added costs of their cars be­ million tons, perhaps more. But in 1965 the steel makers used 584,000 In the consumer electronics field, analysts cause of the dollar devaluation, and they predict 3.5-million more television sets, home will be selling their cars at about the employes to produce 131 million tons; in 1968 they used 522,000 for that tonnage; in 1970 radios and tape recorders and players will be same price as before in the United States, they used 531,000 for the same total, and this sold this year over 1971, but 4-million more thus negating any advantage we may year, the industry analyst predicts, 131 mil­ will be imported from abroad, meaning few­ have in this area. It is expected that lion tons could be produced with 520,000 er manufacturing j01bs. other foreign manufacturers will do like­ Major electronics companies do not ex­ employes-not even as many as were at work pect employment gains. The Westinghouse wise since the United States is still the last spring. Electric Corporation in Pittsburgh said it biggest export market for Europe and "As volume goes up, output per man hour started 1971with145,000 employes and ended rJapan. will go up," he predicts, with the steel mak­ this year with 5,000 fewer and is not pre­ Mr. Speaker, the excellent New York ers finally cashing in on billions of dollars dicting any job gain in 1972. Times article follows : in capital spending over the last decade. The General Electric Corporation, with Even the currency changes, which halved nearly 300,000 United States workers at the BIG INDUSTRIES NOT LIKELY TO CUT DOWN the price advantage of imported steel, and JOBLESS RATE start of last year, was down 2.5 to 3 per cent expected steel imports restrictions, which are at the year's end, and early ·this month closed (By Jerry M. Flint) being negotiated now, will still leave imports plants in Buffalo and Cleveland. DETROIT, January 29.-Some of the nation's at high levels, better than 10 per cent of the largest industries, even those especially market. SEES A STABLE JOB LEVEL favored by the Nixon Administration's new In December the Administration said the Motorola, which raised its United States economic policies, wm do little to bring down currency revaluations could alone add be­ employment by 7,000 in 1971, said it expected the nation's unemployment rate this year. tween 500,000 and 750,000 to the nation's job the job level to be staible this year. An in­ These industries, including steel, auto­ total. But the figures came from no industry­ dustry committee has complained that 121,- mobiles, electronics and textiles, have been by-industry survey but rather from general 000 jobs have been lost in the industry to big job producers in the past and expect theories that for every billion-dollar improve­ foreign competition in five years. major gains this year in the things they ment in the balance of trade-and the cur­ The textile industry, too, is looking for make and sell. But they are not expecting to rency changes would bring that turnaround- more sales in 1972. Analysts predict clothing add substantially to employment in the 60,000 to 80,000 are added to the employ­ sales will go up 8 per cent or so and while months to come. m ent total. Steel, clothing and furniture were employment gains may come they wm not Indeed, some may not have as many work­ among t he industries mentioned that could be that large. ers in mid-1972 as in mid-1971, and some may gain. The job force in apparel making dropped have fewer workers than only two or three However, the American Federation of Labor to 1.3 m1llion last year from 1.4 million in years ago. and Congress of Industrial Organizations, 1968. There are a variety of reasons for the dim says it sees no evidence that the devaluation Stanley Nehmer, Deputy Assistant secre­ job prospects. In some cases productivity ls will create the jobs and Pete!r G. Petersen, tary of Commerce, said the textile industry 1884 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 31, 1972 employment had declined by 100,000 workers also aware that predictions of an equally who have come of age. But the hot pace of in less than three years, and without recent productive 1972 have been quite freely housing construction, a key to reviving the quotas set for imports "this figure could economy in this election year, is beginning to have been expected to rise to as high as a offered. I am, however, endeavoring to show signs of overheating and could turn quarter of a million jobs lost by the end of look beyond this year and, in my con­ sluggish by next fall. this year." sidered opinion, I cannot at this time These conclusions, which aren't really as The quotas, however, will not stop the share in the general optimism currently contradlc·tory as they appear, emerge from import growth, but slow it down. Man-made in vogue. interviews and discussions with a broad sam­ fiber, textile and clothing imports to the There is no doubt in my mind-and I pling of the 50,000 builders, materials sup­ United States permitted under the agreement will shortly be addressing this body fur­ pliers and housing analysts attending the with Asian nations are still allowed to grow meeting here of the National Association of by 5 per cent to 7.5 per cent a year, which is ther on the more general aspects of this Home Builders. larger than the recent growth in the United weaknes~that the money market in the "Sales of housing continues to climb, and States market. United States is facing a severe and much of this is in response to young first­ abrupt disruption. The information SHmT MARKET CAPTURED home buyers-the postwar baby crop," says which I am presently compiling indicates Michael Sumichrast, chief economl&t of the But that is "only one-tenth of the ab­ we will soon see a drastic upswing in the NAHB. But Mr. Sumichrast adds that the normally high growth rates which these current rate of housing starts is about as countries had experienced in our market last demand for money in the open market, a demand which cannot but drive up the high as it will go and that a leveling-off year," Mr. Nehmer, said. could come as early as the second half of this The low labor-cost nations of Asia cap­ bellwether of the construction industry, year. tured the market for low cost men's and the interest rate. Echoing Mr. Sumlchrast, many housing ex­ boy's shirts and girl's sportswear. Many observers of the housing indus­ perts here agree that a plentiful supply of But a bright spot is that Industry analysts try cite the coming of age of the war ba­ mortgage money combined with housing figure new agreements with Japan and other bies as an indication of the health and needs as yet unfulfilled are providing the nations aimed at slowing the growth of tex­ momentum to carry the home-building in­ tile and clothing imports will at least give continued well-being of the home indus­ try. I feel compelled to point out, how­ dustry in 1972 to its second s•traight year of American companies a bigger share of the two million new dwellings. But despite this expected gain in sales this year. ever, that without financing, homes are heady possibility, many of the builders say That is true in the other industries, too, not built, regardless of demand. Also, their bullishness extends only until No­ which means that the employment prospects when interest rates climb as the supply vember. are better than they would be without an of money declines, those who control the POSTELECTION POSSIBILITIES economic revival or without the devaluations money automatically look to investments that raised the price of foreign products or November, of course, is election month; without agreements limiting imports. with higher and more immediate returns and after the elections, the builders say, than can be realized from long-term there is the possibility that home building And the men in these industries also note may be ignored by the administration in that selling more things--cars or TV sets or home mortgages. It is thus that I point with pride to the power or may become a victim of further ef­ slabs of steel-creates jobs outside of the forts to curb inflation. "The building in­ basic manufacturing industry in the de­ accomplishments of the housing indus­ dustry is always the casualty when the gov­ partment store floors for example, or at try yet simultaneously view with alarm ernment needs a tool to manage the econ­ the repair shops. the apparent and severe problems that omy," asserts G. E. Harrington, a San An­ But the thrust of these industries appears industry is facing in a future all but upon tonio builder. to be to increase productivity, which can us. And it is thus that I call on this Con­ Housing, indeed, has historically moved mean fewer workers per unit of inflation. gress and this Government to reevaluate in cycles counter to the economy. The in­ "The real message is to worry about pro­ its policies and role in meeting this need dustry has often helped pull the country out ductivity," said a General Motors executive. of a recession. Then, however, as the econ­ "If we can get that kind of job accom­ of our people and to consider possible alternatives to these policies, policies omy has gained steam, people have spent plished we'll create opportunities, and the more and saved less. A tight-money situation employment will take care of itself." conceived in the past with now outdated has then ensued, and housing has suffered as inputs. If we are to respond to the de­ its financing was siphoned off by corporate mands for housing in a responsible fash­ and government borrowing. ion, we must explore new vehicles, ve­ Despite government assurance to the con­ CURRENT HOUSING BOOM SEEN hicles which recognize today's realities. trary, some housing analysts here are saying LIKELY TO FADE SOON In the area of low income housing, at current federal budget deficits will lead to once both the most demanding yet most increased government bmrowing at rates sufficiently competitive to attract funds away neglected market, entirely new institu­ from residential-construction lending agen­ HON. RICHARDT. HANNA tions and relationships may be neces­ cies. The NAHB's Mr. Sumichrast anticipates OF CALIFORNIA sary. As Chairman PATMAN of the House that, as the nation's economic activity in­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Banking and Currency Committee and I creases, pressure on mortgage funds will be have both noted, revisions of the existing evident by the second half of this year. Monday, January 31, 1972 financing appartus may be in order if we "Housing will be subject to the same old Mr. HANNA. Mr. Speaker, in this po­ are to preserve the commitment of the pressures of monetary and fiscal policies as litical world of Washington, one finds industry to this vital need. It has been in the past," he says. two types of people-either those who suggested, for example, that the Govern­ FLUSH WITH CASH view with al1arm or those who point out ment ought to insert itself into the fi­ For the moment, however, the thrift in­ with pride-and also two types of subject nancing aspect of housing construction stitutions that make mortgage loans are matter-again that which is viewed with in an effort to guarantee a continued :flush with cash, and interest rates have alarm or that which is pointed to with supply free from market-imposed de­ dropped as low as 7 % . Purchases of new houses have therefore become possible for pride. pressions. We also should consider the families who couldn't afford to buy at the What one rarely finds is an individual development of a more structured and previously higher rates. For example, studies and a subject matter to which both of formal partnership between the Govern­ by the Larwin Group, a home-building sub­ these activities can be ascribed-yet this ment and the suppliers of this market as sidiary of CNA Financial Corp., show that is precisely which I propose to do today. another alternative. in 1970, when mortgage interest rates were My actions and fea.rs are prompted im­ If we respond to this need, if we take near g % , less than 22 % of the fam111es in mediately by a recent a.rticle in the Wall appropriate and timely action after open metropolitan Los Angeles could afford the payments on a house that cost $32,000; but Street Journal, which I am also inserting discussion of the problems and alterna­ in 1971, after interest rates had declined, in the RECORD, and, more generally, by tive solutions, then we may again point nearly 32 % of the families could afford to my long involvement and sincere con­ with pride to our accomplishments. The buy the house--even though its price had cern for the needs of the people of this aforementioned article from the Wall climbed to $33,300. country for adequate and economical Street Journal follows: While it's expected that mortgage lend­ housing. [From the Wall Street Journal, Jan. 27, 1972) ers will lower their interest rates Sitlll further in the near future, many lenders neverthe­ Those of us who have been foUowing CURRENT HOUSING BOOM Is SEEN LIKELY To less say r.ates will probably start rising again the subject are aware that the year of FADE BEFORE END OF THE YEAR by next fall. For example, Lloyd Bissell, as­ 1971 was a record year in the number of (By Danforth Austin and James Tanner) sistant vice president in charge o.f real esitate housing units constructed-well in ex­ HousToN.-The current home-building loans for First National Bank of Oregon in cess of 2 million, an often elusive goal set boom is being freshly fuel·ed by the housing Portland, says, "We look for another quar­ by this Congress many years ago. We are demands of the post-World War II babies ter-point drop in our prime lending r:ate for January 31, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 1885 mortgage loans soon, but we don't anticipate struct up to 100 houses before the end of porations have greater capital investments tha.t the resulting 7~ % rate will last any this year. and spend more than most state and city longer than October." While the future of the industry is un­ governments. The federal government col­ Adding to builder worries is a threat from certain, this very uncertainty has encour­ lects and spends about two-ithirds of the key administration officials to trim the gov­ aged some home buiLders new to the field. funds devoted to the public seotor of the e.rnment s'ubsidies thait help low-income One such builder is Milio Brunetti, who until economy and is the major source of financial families to buy and rent homes. While the two years ago was a cotton farmer but is now support in local communities across this Department of Housing and Urban Develop­ building houses on his farm. "Since money country for programs ranging from birth ment could approve as many as 550,000 got loose, people are doing without other control to flood control. d wellings for subsidies this year, HUD Sec­ things so that they can get a house-they're Our problems with nature have been com­ retary George Romney nevertheless earlier scared interest rates are going back up,'' Mr. plicated enormously by technological ad­ this week told the home builders here tha.t Brunetti says. vances and human congestion. They can no his department will hoJd authocized sub­ longer be controlled wirthin the confines of sidized units to as low as 350,000 unless poUtical boundaries drawn by Pilgrims and weaknesses in the programs, such as graft, frontiers,men and gerrymandered by local corruption and kickbacks, are corrected. PLEADS FOR SENSIBLE REGIONAL political battles of succeeding generwtions Depending on HUD's decision, Mr. Romney without regard to the clashes between nature went on, housing starts this year could range BOUNDARIES and modern technology. between 2.1 mlllion and 2.3 mlllion. {lit was A century ago, it made no difference that Secretary Romney who, despite skepticiEm rivers ran through the politically inspired on the pall'lt of many builders, accurately pre­ HON. ROBERT F. DRINAN boundaries of several states. Today we know dicted a year ago that 1971 housing starts/ OF MASSACHUSETTS that we cannot clean pollution from part of would reach the level of two mlllion, aibout IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES a river any more than we can purge leukemia. one-quarter of which were subsidizied.) from part of a bloodstream. OMINOUS SIGN Monday, January 31, 1972 Air moves in airsheds, a fact not known or considered over most of the past 200 years Beyond the possible subsidy cutoff, the in­ Mr. DRINAN. Mr. Speaker, I am happy of political and bureaucratic maneuvering dustry has become increasingly concerned to bring to the attention of my colleagues by mayors and governors to establish state with signs of ov·erbullding-1>rimarily in a perceptive and challenging article writ­ and local jurisdictional lines. Today, we rec­ rental a.partments-in s·everal regions. ten by Mr. Joseph A. Califano, Jr., of "There are percepttble changes in the multi­ ognize that it is no more possible to clean the Washington law firm of Williams, t he air in Chicago without cleaning the air­ family sector (of housing) that one should read very carefully," says Michael Tenzer, Connolly & Califano. Mr. Califano, who sheds and currents in the surrounding sub­ senior vice president of the Larwin Group. was President Johnson's Special Assist­ urbs and Gary, Indiana, than it is possible to Mr. Tenzer and other housing producers say ant for Domestic Affairs, published this clear cigarette smoke only from the driver's areas overbuUt with rental apartments cur­ article in the Washington Post of Janu­ seat of an automobile. rently include Dallas, Houston, Cleveland, ary 30, 1972. The boundary lines of the 50 states and St. Louis, Chicago and parts of California the 25,000 cities and counties are simply not Mr. Califano's very cogent presenta­ drawn to accommodate present day environ­ and Florida. tion of the irrelevance of municipal and "Evidence of market weakness has become mental problems. To the extent they in­ quite apparent in the recent rising level of county boundaries and his eloquent plea spire and encourage parochial loyalty, more vaoancies," says Saul B. Klama.n, vice presi­ for the establishment of sensible regional often than not they complicate and impede dent and chief economist of the National boundaries should be read by everyone the solution of these problems. Association of Mutual Savings Banks. "There who is involved in seeking a resolution ModerJ;l technology, with its corporate could well be a downturn in multifamily of our urgent national problems. corollary of capital concentration, is a sig­ construction after midyear, which could The article follows: nificant element of the case against the carry total starts below the two-million present federal structure in America. The How SHOULD WE CHANGE CENTRAL AND level." automobile, the bus and the airplane have Richard W. O'Neill, a New York housing LOCAL GOVERNMENTS? added a dimension in mobility and human consultant, says he foresees a decline this (By Joseph A. Califano, Jr.) . congestion never conceived by the Founding year of 20 % from last year's starts in rental The Founding Fathers designed our fed­ Fathers. apartments. "I'm inclined to be bearish," eral system as a deliberate balance between Mass transportation problems cannot be Mr. O'Neill says. "By my estimates, we've got the original 13 states and the federal govern­ effectively eased by the center city alone, 200,000 new 'empties' as a consequence of ment. They wisely recognized the need to for most of the traffic comes from suburban two million starts this year." counterpoint local power against the central areas. If that city center is Manhattan, Other housing analysts say any decline in government to help preserve the individual then solution of the mass transit problem apartment starts will be more than offset by liberty essential for human development and and traffic congestion involves lower Con­ the expected rising sales of houses. However, provide the foundation for an enduring necticut and portions of New Jersey and the surge in housing construction thiat began democratic political system. The states were Pennsylvania. As the congestion spreads into more than a year aigo has had an important left to work out their own relationships with suburban areas, metropolitan transit au­ adverse side effect for the industry by creat­ the local communities within their bound­ thorities have begun to form across our na­ ing severe shorta.ges of construction crafts­ aries. tion and erode, at least for this limited pur­ men in some areas (despite published reports The notions of decentraliz·aition and the pose, the ralevance of state and local of an 11 % unemployment rate in the in­ distribution of governmenrt power remain jurisdictional lines. dustry as ·a. whole) . practical imperaitives to limit the power of Communication, production and computer "We are paying bricklayers $6 to $6.50 an the central government and thus provide a technology has precipitaited unprecedented hour, up $1 within the past year-when we political structure that will permit the en­ concentrations of capital in a relatively can get them," says L. A. Westenskow, an hancement of our democraitic values. But small number of national corporations. Not Ogden, Utah, builder. "Because we can't get our experience over the p·ast decade makes only consumer advocates, but most thought­ skilled help, we are behind six months on it increasingly doubtful whether we need ful aieademicians and commentators on cor­ the construction of the condominiums we 50 states with their existing boundaries to porate America recognize that few states, if have already sold." achieve this balance; and the empirical evi­ any, are equipped to protect the public in­ While all these difficulties may ultimately dence of domestic programs frustrated by terest vis a vis such large concentrations of take their toll, most of the builders inter­ fragmentaition eSJtablishes beyond reasonable corporate power. It is more than the fact viewed here still say they expect to construct doubt that our nation and its people would that General Motors has a gross product and more homes this year than in 1971 .. Los be far better off with more rational local gross income that far exceeds the gross Angeles-based Kaufman & Broad Inc., one of jurisdictions than the haphazard menagerie product and tax income of individual states. the biggest national housing producers, says of some 25,000 ci:ties and counties that Today, virtually all companies on the For­ it anticipates its starts this year will be stifle social and environmental progress. tune 500 list have far more resources, power 30 % above last year's 8,200 units. As a result, In the formative years of our republic, and single-mindedness Of profit-oriented says Eugene S. Rosenfeld, president, Kauf­ states and cities were regarded somewhat constituency than the State of Delaware, man & Broad's revenues this year should like shells to embryonic chicks; they pro­ where most of them are incorporated. The rise by 25 % or more from last year's $226 vided essential protection for early develop­ formal recognition of this fact through a million. ment. Today, the natural, technological and federal incorporation law dLsplacing our cur­ "The atmosphere is right for our business social forces at loose in our troubled society rent system of Sltate incorporation is long this year,'' says Mr. Rosenfeld. The "atmos­ have left those shells shwttered on the overdue. phere" has also encouraged new entrants in ground. Too much of the work of our na­ The profusion of consumer protection ac­ the field of home building. For exam.ple, tional, state and local poli>tical leaders today tl vity by the federal government constitutes Charles R. Brown, who sold office buildings resemble quixotic efforts to piece the shells recognition of the irrelevaince of state and in Atlanta last year, has now turned to together. local boundaries in the manufacture, distri­ building houses. With his partner, a former Congested populaitions now make many bution and consumption of most American aerospace engineer, Mr. Brown plans to con- cities larger than m.any states. Some cor- produots, which today are produced and dis- 1886 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 31, 1972 tributed nationally, and advertised on net­ The plight of thousands Of blacks and pooc accept the answers implied by the ques­ work television. Indeed, to corporate man­ whites in Harlem, Detroit and Chicago did agers themselves state and local lines have not begiin in those cities, any more tha.n it tioners. become unnecessary irritants except to the ls likely to end there. It began in la.rge meais­ For much of their information, they exitent that they provide the safe harbor of ure in the rural poverty of Ala.bama, Missis­ turned to the Kentucky Department of tax benefits when new plants a.re locaited sippi aind LoUisia.na, and in the hills and Economic Security and Mr. Merrit S. within their boundaries. To network tele­ mountains of Appalachia. Social justice for Deitz, who was then the department's vision, such boundary lines have never these disadvantaged Amertca.ns requires com­ commissioner. been-and are likely never to be--0f any mitment and action on a scale that has The answers they received are quite relevance. noth1ng to do with the lines on maips grap'hiC limits of Northern creasingly aware of the inhibitions state and cities ,and Southern states. are ones that frequently are asked here local boundaries impose on economic de­ During the past ten yea.rs, legislators amd in Congress, I include the following re· velopment and social progress. The trend political leaders have acted in gingerly, piece­ pprt in the RECORD: ls for the federal government to set up re­ meal fashion to circumvent state and local A KENTUCKY TAXPAYER DEMANDS gional bodies, like the Appalachia and New boundaries: in estrublishing regional com­ INFORMATION ABOUT W ELF ARE England Commissions, which recognize the missions for economic development; in the " ... the people who are forced to pay for environmental and population cha;nges that clean river and clean air legislatiOIIl of the these handouts have some questions we want have taken place during the past 50 years Johnson administration; in the educational answered. We want an accounting of how a.nd attempt to accommodate those changes parks to provide specialty secondary educa­ many of these children are legitimate, how to the natural characteristics of different re­ tion for metropolitan areas regardless of state many illegitimate, how many were born so gions. Thus, the development program for and city lines; and in the forthcoming Nixon the parents could get a welfare bonus of more Appalachia involves all of some s,ta.tes and prog,ra.m to finance public school education. tax money. portions of others. It may now be time for our scholars a.nd "How many of these parents spend most The increasing lack of financial resources foundatlon~to say notbing of our national of their time and money in some beer joint; in the public sector hes already begun to put Congress and Executive-to confront sys­ how many are disabled and receive little or pressure on states and cities to regionalize tematically and heed on the issue of how no help because of the criminals, deadbeats some of the public services and programs the country should be organized to preserve and social misfits who are on welfare." 1 once considered sacredly locail. The Safe the balance between central and local gov­ Streets Act of 1968, as originally conceived ernment, and at the same time encourage HOW MANY OF THESE CHILDREN ARE and proposed, contemplated the establish­ the establishment of sensible regional and LEGITIMATE? ment of regional training centers for state local boundaries that will fac111tate, rather Accurate statistics on the sexual behavior and local poUce forces. The fire safety legis­ than impede, the resolution of urgent na­ of any group of people are difficult to obtain, lation proposed in 1967 was designed in part tional problems and the achievement of but recent studies indicate that the percent­ to make uniform, on a regional or national worthy political and social goals. age of children conceived out of wedlock is basis, fl.re-fighting training and equipment. In Thomas More's Utopia there are 54 per­ much the same in the population at large as As the courts he.ve pla.ced state property fect, identical and permanent city-state, "all it is among recipients of Aid to Fam111es of taxes in constitutional jeopardy, a Republi­ spacious and magnificent, identical in lan­ Dependent Children. The national figures on can President has indicated that he will pro­ guage, traditions, customs and laws." The AFDC children show that about one third are pose a national system Of taxation to :finance city-states in More's Utopia have passed be­ lllegitimate. Kentucky estimates that 25,500 2 local public school systems. Interestingly, yond progress and beyond change, because of the 100,919 8 AFDO children in the state the most discussed technique is a value added they have achieved perfection. There the city are 1Uegitimate, or about one in four. tax, to be placed on each element of inel'e~ of man has very nearly become the city of But a year ago the Boston Sunday Globe mental value in the production and distribu­ God. reported that "one third of all first-born tion of goods, a tax which renders irrelevant Our cities and states will never achieve American children, born between 1964 and the states and localities in which goods are perfection. For them, significant improve­ 1966, were conceived out of wedlock."' At produced rund distributed. ment remains an elusive goal a.nd ea.ch higher social levels such situations are more Similarly to Reveil!Ue Sha.ring, the federa.l change that brings them closer to improve­ frequently concealed by shotgun marriages, government will collect the money and dis­ ment carries pro•blems ever more difficult and abortions, and adoptions, leaving us with the burse it through the s for which no is on the brink of an ecological cliff. A joint Section 3 provides . an additional $6 authorization exists. 1970 study by the governments of Canada and million for section 7(a) of the Federal I strongly urge immediate considera­ the United States-Project Hypo--has shown that unless the wastes being added to the Water Pollution Control Act--a total of tion and passage of this critical measure. lake, particularly from cities and towns, is $15 million for the 12-month period end­ At this point, Mr. Speaker, I would substantially reduced in the next five (5) ing June 30, 1972. This will permit the like to include a letter from Dr. Robert years, Lake Erie may go beyond the point States to continue the planning of their A. Sweeney, director of the Great Lakes where it can be changed from a liability to an programs in an orderly fashion. Laboratory of the State University Col­ asset. These scientists found that a larger Section 4 increases the authorization lege at Buffalo. I believe this letter is il­ section of the lake bot tom was becoming de­ for the basic grant program for waste lustrative of the very deep concern void of oxygen for a longer period of time treatment facilities under section 8 (d) each summer. This was due to the death and which many dedicated individuals and decay of algae, whose overpopulation had to $2 billion. environmental organizations in my dis­ been caused by municipal wastes. When the In addition, section 4 provides for ex­ trict share for the future of not only oxygen level at bottom reached zero, the nu­ tending section 8(c) of the Federal Lake Erie, but for the Great Lakes and trients that had accumulated on the bottom Water Pollution Control Act. Under this our total environment as well. for more than a hundred years were released. section certain States are eligible to be STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE Swept up into the water, these nutrients in­ reimbursed for the Federal share on such AT BUFFALO, duced the growth of more algae. This per­ projects as have been prefinanced under GREAT LAKES LABORATORY, petuated the vicious cycle. Oonditions are section 8(c). This section provides in Buffalo, N.Y., January 24, 1972. now being approached that the amount of part that: Congressman JACK KEMP, nutrients released may be sufficient to per­ In the case of any project on which Congress of the United States, petuate a year-round alga.e bloom. If this Washington, D.O. occurs, even if we cease all pollution of the construction was initiated in such State DEAR JACK: I share your disappointment lake, it will remain a festering pot of foul after June 30, 1966, which was approved regarding the President's decision concern­ smelling slime. by the appropriate State water pollu­ ing the Great Lakes clean-up program. As a Under oxygen-less conditions, other unde­ tion control agency and which the Secre­ result, I h ave compiled the following infor­ sirable processes occur. Mercury and other tary finds meets the requirements of this mation, which I hope will be of value to you heavy metals are released in the water. The section, but was constructed without such in preparing your address in the House. Since mercury that was added to Lake Erle and the assistance, such allotments for any fiscal we neither had a copy of EPA's proposal or Niagara and Detroit Rivers probably would year ending prior to July 1, 1971, shall the reason why it was turned down by the have caused little problem if it were not for administration, my remarks are not as specific the low dissolved oxygen in the bottom of also be available for payments in reim­ as I would have liked them to be. these waters. bursement of State or local funds used The costs of not in stituting a program to The mercury pollution damage to the Lake for such project prior to July 1, 1971, to abate pollution on the Great Lakes, partic­ Erie fishing industry, which was the most the extent that assistance could have ularly with respect to up-grading the effec­ profitable of all the Great Lakes for both the been provided under this section if such tiveness of municipal sewage collection and United States and Canada, wm exceed $60 January 31, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 1891 million. The costs on the sports fishing in­ Thank you for your consideration of these "How is my son?" A wife asks: "Is my dustry probably will exceed $100 m1llion. questions. husband alive or dead?" The impact of pollution on recreation Sincerely, should not be ignored, particularly from an LEE H. HAMILTON, Communist North Vietnam is sadisti­ economic point of view. Despite the fact that Member oj Congress. cally practicing spiritual and mental more boats are owned by people residing in genocide on over 1,600 Americ•an prison­ the Great Lakes basin than any other area ers of war and their families. in the country, the percentage of those peo­ DEPARTMENT OF STATE, ple who sal!l on the Great Lakes ls less than Washington, D.C., January 28, 1972. How long? 35 percent. Instead, they traller their boa.ts Hon. LEE H. HAMILTON, to other areas, particularly Canada. One sur­ House of Representatives, vey, conducted by the Great Lakes L8ibore.­ Washington, D.C. tory of the State University College at Buf­ DEAR MR. HAMILTON: The Secretary has SURVEYING AND MAPPING falo, demonstrated that the money spent by asked me to reply to your letter of January IN ALASKA Americans who crossed into Canada via three 10 requesting information on our policies re­ bridges on the Niagara Frontier for summer garding Bangladesh and India. boating vacations in Canada, far exceeded The United States has taken no position the amount spent by Americans in Europe on the question of recognition of Bangladesh. HON. NICK BEGICH during a compa:re,ble number of months. We have, however, kept a small group of con­ OF ALASKA When asked why they had not taken a sim­ sular personnel at our Consulate General in Uar vacation on the Great Lakes, the over­ Dacca. We believe there ls a good basis under IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES whelming reply was that they did not like international law to expect them to continue Monday, January 31, 1972 the pollution. consular functions on a limited basis, with­ The closing of bee.ches along Lakes Michi­ out prejudging the issue of recognition. We Mr. BEGICH. Mr. Speaker, the week gan, Erie and Ontario has not only resulted w111 continue to watch and assess develop­ of Febru~ry 1 through 5 has been set in the loss of revenue for local governments ments in the Subcontinent in the months aside as Surveying and Mapping Week in but it has induced further spending for the ahead, with careful consideration of their ef­ construction and maintenance of municipal fect on U.S. interests in the area. Alaska. This occasion, proclaimed by the and private pools. Likewise, the closing of It would be premature to consider extend­ Governor of Al•aska, William Egan, falls motels and other tourist oriented businesses ing regular developmental assistance to simultaneously with the Seventh Annual along the Great Lakes in Wisconsin, Michi­ Bangladesh since such aid requires formal Alaska Surveying and Mapping Con­ gan, Ohio, Pennsylvania and New York has government-to-government agreements. vention, that will be held in Anchorage. dealt serious economic blows to these areas. However, there ls still some United States If the problem ls not checked, even more assistance (mainly PL 480 food) in the pipe­ I rise to point out the importance of losses can be expected. line for East Bengal, and the USG ls prepared these men of the surveying and mapping It ls clearly evident that when all the costs to consider new requests for humanitarian professions, and the contributions they are examined, Lt ls far less expensive to abate assistance channeled through the United have made to the development of my pollution of the Great Lakes now, rather than Nations. The U.N. ls presently in the process postpone our efforts. of assessing the relief and rehabllitation State and this Nation. I ask my col­ Hope the e,bove ls some aid to you. Ple,ase needs of the area and resuming its relief leagues to join with me in honoring these no not hesitate to contact me for clarifica­ activities which were interrupted by the men for thei·r great work. tion and/or additional material. fighting in December. We expect that the The proclamation of the Governor of Respectfully, Secretary General w111 soon be making an ROBERT A. SWEENEY, Director. appeal for international contributions, to Alaska follows: which the USG can respond. PROCLAMATION: SURVEYING AND MAPPING Regarding our policy toward India, on De­ WEEK IN ALASKA cember 6, 1971 general economic assistance Alaska can only be 6SSU1'ed of obtaining STATE DEPARTMENT COMM:ENTS in the plpellne for India was suspended to full value and benefits from its subsurface ON AID TO BANGLADESH AND INDIA the extent it was not firmly committed to wealth of natural resources if we adequately suppliers or banks. This type of assistance, identify a.nd appraise our land areas with not tied to particular projects, ls normally proper surveying and mapping techniques. HON. LEE H. HAMILTON provided to support the general economy of OF INDIANA an aid recipient and thus support a develop­ The contribution of science and lindustry tows.rd the development of equipment and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ment effort. The suspension was undertaken on the basis of a determination that, in the methods makes it possible to p.roperly survey Monday, January 31, 1972 existing circumstances in India, the objective and map the expanse of this great State with of supporting a development effort could not speed, accuracy, and economy heretofore un­ Mr. HAMILTON. Mr. Speaker, I have be secured. The amount of aid affected by just corresponded with the state De­ attaAn&ble. the temporary suspension ls about $87.6 SW'veylng a.nd Mapping professions have partment regarding U.S. policy toward mlllion, whlle about $135 million, consisting made major contributions to past and pres­ Bangladesh a.nd India. The letters, of of $105 mlllion in firmly-committed non­ January 10 and 28, 1972, should be of project aid and $30 mllllon in project aid, ent development in the State of Al.a.ska, and interest to my colleagues. remained unaffected. The suspension re­ wm continue with greater efforts in the fu­ The State Department did not respond mains in effect while we keep the entire si-W:. ture, by employment orf the evolving tech­ to points three and five in my letter, but atlon in India and the neighb.oring areas niques, to improve the comfort, health, and the response is informative nonetheless. under close review. living standards of our people. The letters follow: I hope this information has been respon­ The Seventh Annua.l Alaska Surveying amd JANUARY 10, 1972. sive to your inquiry. Please do not hesitate to Mapping Convention will be held in Anchor­ Hon. WILLIAM PIERCE ROGERS, call on me again if you believe I may be of age, February 1-5, 1972, ·sponsored by the Secretary oJ State, further assistance. Alaiska Region of the American Society of DepCllT'tment oj State, Sincerely yours, Photogram.metry, the Alaska Section of the Washington, D.C. DAVID M. ABSHIRE, American Con~ess on Surveyi!Ilg and Map­ DEAR SECRETARY RoGERS: I would like to Assistant Secretary for ping, and the Ala.ska Society of Professional know what the policy of the United States Congressional Relations. Land Surveyors. This important Oonventlon ls going to be toward Bangla Desh. will dire.ct pu'blic attention to the accom­ More specifically: pUshments of the professional societies in­ 1. Will the U.S. recognize Bangla Desh? volved in surveyling and mapping Alaska's 2. wm we offer it aid? If so, how-through MAN'S INHUMANITY TO MA!N-HOW vast airea.s. West Pakistan, a third country, international LONG? agencies, or directly? As Governor of the State of Alaska, I, Wil­ 3. Can aid funds earmarked for West liam A. Ega.n, do hereby proclaim the week Pakistan be used for Bangla Desh? If not, of Felbruary 1 through 5, 1972, es "Surveying what kind of enabling legislation is needed? HON. WILLIAM J. SCHERLE and Mapping Week in Alaska" and urge all 4. What use will be made of multilateral OF IOWA libraries, schools, and all citizens of Alaska channels to aJ.d Bangla Desh? to Join in extending recognitlon a,nd hQIIlOr IN THE HOUSE OF REfRESENTATIVES 5. What assistance efforts will be made by to OW' surveyors and mappers. other countries, e.g., Western Europe and Monday, January 31, 1972 Dated this 3rd day of January, 1972. Japan? Mr. SCHER.LE. Mr. Speaker, a child WILLIAM A. EGAN, 6. What ls our pollcy regarding aid to Governor. India? asks: "Where is daddy?" A mother asks: 1892 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 31, 1972 DEVOTED YOUNG PATRIOT KATHY fell unconscious while dancing with her be built by Northrop. Each Talon was deliv­ CONNELLY BEGLEY husband at a New Year's Eve dinner­ ered on or ahead of schedule and production dance in New York. She died a short cost commitments were met. time later at Montefiore Hospital. The final Talon was accepted from Thomas HON. MARIO BIAGGI Kathy is gone; the world is less for V. Jones, Northrop President and Chairman, OF NEW YORK by Brig. Gen. Donald G. Nunn, Commander her passing, but her indomitable spirit of the Air Force Contract Management Divi­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES will prevail-it must-for America will sion. General Nunn then officially turned Monday, January 31, 1972 always have servicemen who thirst for over the aircraft to Brig. Gen. Michael C. the knowledge that the folks back home McCarthy, Chief of Staff of the Air Training Mr. BIAGGI. Mr. Speaker, I wish to really care. Command, prime user of the T-38. call the attention of my colleagues to the I am sure that my colleagues will join General Nunn, whose command oversees tragic and untimely death earlier this with me in extending our deepest con­ all USAF procurement contracts, said that month of a young American patriot from dolences to Kathy's husband Dennis, her Northrop's record in building T-38s has been my district, Kathy Connelly Begley. parents Harry and Elizabeth Connelly, outstanding in terms of "on schedule, on Following the first moratorium day in cost, and trouble-free deliveries." and her brothers Sgt. William Connelly General McCarthy, in accepting the air­ November 1969, Kathy, then a 21-year­ USAF, and Richard Connelly at home. craft, noted that the T-38 has "etched its old secretary, realized that the morale way into Air Force history by consistently of our American fighting men was at a achieving one of the best safety records of low ebb. any supersonic aircraft in the Air Force With the energy of a little dynamo, T-38 TALON SUPERSONIC TRAINER inventory." Kathy founded a group called Support Prior to the action delivery, Col. J. R. Lind­ Our Servicemen and organized a Support say, Deputy Director for the International Our Servicemen parade in New York on HON. BARRY M. GOLDWATER, JR. Fighter Program, cognizant office for T- 38 OF CALIFORNIA procurement, Aeronautical Systems Division, November 15, 1969. As a result, over 1,500 said that the success of the T-38 program Bronxites including myself, the only pub­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES can be attributed to a long period of coopera­ lic official present, marched down the Monday, January 31, 1972 tion between Northrop and the Air Force. Grand Concourse to an Honor America The delivery ceremony marked the end of Day rally at Poe Park. Mr. GOLDWATER. Mr. Speaker, to­ an era for Northrop, an era of continuously At a time in our country's history day at Palmdale in my district in south­ building T-38 aircraft for the past 14 years. marked by flag burning, confrontation, ern California, the Air Force is accept­ During peak production, in the 1960s, more and intimidation, Kathy's position was ing delivery of the fil)al T-38 Talon tlhan 3,800 Northrop employees in Haw­ a courageous one. The success of that supersonic trainer built by Northrop thorne, California, and the Antelope Valley Corp., and the T-38 production line were working on the T-38. In addition, the day, however, and the morale that it Talon program generated more than 16,000 provided for our men in uniform was closes down. I would like to call atten­ jobs throughout the state of California. largely attributed to the organizational tion to the little-known success story of Civilian, military and company officials at talents of Kathy Connelly Begley. At the the T-38 because it stands in such sharp the event were welcomed by Welko E. Gasich, time, she described her reasons for orga­ contrast to the accounts of defense cost Northrop's Aircraft Division and one of the nizing S.0.8.-Suppor,t our Servicemen­ overruns and stretchouts we hear so original designers of the T-38. in the following words: "It's not a polit­ often these days. Following the ceremony, the final Talon Delivery of the last Talon brings to was fiown to Randolph Air Force Base, Texas, ical thing." She said: by General McCarthy and Lt. Col. Vincent We exist solely for the purpose of letting 1,187 the number produced by Northrop Roy. our servicemen know that we back their for the Air Force since 1961. Every one The T- 38's career in the Air Force began efforts 100 percent. of those planes was delivered on sched­ with delivery of the first production aircraft ule, or ahead of it. The plane has sur­ Her efforts, however, did not fall on in March, 1961. Since that time more than passed its guaranteed performance on 24,000 student pilots have been graduated in deaf ears. As a result of her untiring speed, range, maintenance requirements the Talon, and more than 3.7 mUlion flight hard work, Kathy became vice president and reliability. And all contract cost hours have been logged by the aircraft. -0f the nationwide silent majority, a commitments were met, or bettered. The Talon 1s symbolic of Northrop's herit­ group dedicated to expressing concern The T-38 has returned other cost age of technology in designing lightweight, and support for the American prisoners dividends, while logging more than 3.7 simple and easy-to-maintain aircraft. The of war. Consequently, servicemen all over integrity of the preliminary design has been million hours and training some 20,000 demonstrated by the fact that no basic con­ the world were comforted. pilots. It has the lowest major accident In addition, she was presented with two figuration changes have ever been required rate of any supersonic aircraft in the and all airframe subsystems have exceeded .citations for patriotism by the William E. Air Force inventory, and attrition has the reliab11ity standards originally set by lrwin American Legion Post 774 and the been only a fraction of original esti­ the Air Force. ·Hendrik Hudson Memorial Post 3300, mates. Man-hours needed to maintain In 1959, the T-38 became the first super­ Veterans of Foreign Wars. the Talon also are less than half those sonic aircraft in the USAF's history to com­ Her energetic efforts soon won her the forecast. These savings in attrition and plete its fiight testing without incurring a -admiration of enlisted men and officers maintenance alone can be translated into major accident, a record equalled only by :alike, including Lt. Comdr. Francis J. Northrop's F-5 Freedom Fighter. Robinson-U.S. Navy (retired)-an aide cost dividends of more than $500 mil­ The compact and highly maneuverable lion-in effect, a savings to the U.S. Talon has held a number of world time-to­ ·to the former 7th Fleet commander, the taxpayer. :late Adm. J. J. "Jocko" Clark. climb speed records. It is powered by two This Air Force-industry team effort General Electric J85-5 turbojet engines. So great was their admiration and stands as a model in military aircraft The T-38's history of safety, easy main­ -respect for Kathy that both men, leaders procurement, a well-run, effective pro­ tainability and performance has also made in their branch of the service, were gram resulting in a high-performance it the choice of the Federal Republic of :among the onlookers at the St. Simon product at the lowest cost. The taxpayer Germany for its air force pilot training in Stock Church in the Bronx when Kathy would stand to gain if all of our Federal the United States, the U.S. Navy for test was married to Dennis Begley in June programs, nondefense as well as mili­ operations, and the National Aeronautics 1970. and Space Administration for astronaut tary, met the same standards of flight proficiency training. Dennis, an ex-marine, and his bride of efficiency. less than a year were blessed with a baby daughter 10 months ago. Donna Jean, At this point I would like to insert many say, looks just like her mom. But the text of a news release about today's the arrival of the baby and returning to delivery ceremony at Palmdale: PRISONERS OF WAR work did not alter Kathy's feeling of NORTHROP DELIVERS THE · LAST TALON patriotism or dedication to American­ One of the most successful U.S. mllitary HON. ROMAN C. PUCINSKI ism. She still attended events in support aircraft procurement programs ever con­ ducted culminated today with delivery to OF ll.LINOIS of our Government and its fighting men IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and was present for a VFW parade in the the U.S. Air Force of the last T-38 Talon Supersonic Trainer, built by Northrop Cor­ Monday, January 31, 1972 Kingsbridge area. poration, in a ceremony at Northrop's Palm­ Kathy, once called one of the most dale, California facility. Mr. PUCINSKI. Mr. Speaker, Mr. Peter patriotic young ladies by Admiral Clark, The milestone aircraft was the l,187th to Reich, aviation-space editor for Chicago January 31, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 1893 Today, undertook a humanitarian proj­ of war-however the North Vietnamese have CHRISTMAS SHARING ect during the holiday season by inter­ acknowledged holding only 339, and the Viet viewing and writing a story about two Cong and the Laotian communists have de­ families in the Chicago suburbs who nied all knowledge of the 79 and 3 Americans, HON. JEROME R. WALDIE respectively, known to be their prisoners. OF CALIFORNIA have POW's-MIA in Southeast Asia. Both Mrs. Pilkington and Mrs. Lane Mrs. Mildred Pilkington of Morton pleaded with Americans not to forget our IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Grove, whose son is a Navy pilot, and missing or captured men, some of whom Monday, January 31, 1972 Mrs. Peggy Lane of Winnetka, whose have had to endure unspeakable conditions brother is an Air Force pilot, both wear for seven long years. Mr. WALDIE. Mr. Speaker, each year, braceJets inscribed with the names of These conditions-amply documented by during early December, the Christmas their loved ones and the date they dis­ the handful of Americans who have managed spirit descends upon us and the spirit of to escape from Communist captivity in sharing, which has been hidden all year, appeared in Southeast Asia. Southeast Asia-have taken their toll al­ These commemorative bracelets, made again reappears. ready. I recently read an article by Norma available through the National League Mrs. Lane told of one P.O.W.'s wife who of Families of Americans Missing in Ac­ noticed that her pilot husband's handwriting Gray in the Oakland, Calif., Catholic tion or Prisoners of War in Southeast on the 6-line notes the North Vietnamese Voice entitled "Christmas Sharing." The Asia, bear the name of one of the 4 7 permitted him to send her every few months article described a very special mani­ Illinois men known to be a POW or MIA, was becoming progressively less legible. festation of the spirit of giving. Bob and the date he was captured or dis­ The last letter she received, just this Hughes and Dick Martin, well-known month, bore a notation from a Defense De­ nightclub entertainers, have given their appeared. partment analyst who had examined the This symbolic gesture of human trag­ time to organize a boys choir which per­ writing for authenticity: forms each Christmas season. Despite edy serves as testimony that we must do "Your husband has given up hope; we re­ everything possible to bring our POW's/ gret to inform you that he has become the demands made on them and their MIA's back home to their loved ones. It simple-minded." successes, Mr. Hughes and Mr. Martin is my hope that the first priority on the Mrs. Lane requested that the P.0.W.'s will accept none of the credit for their President's agenda on his upcoming trip name not be published. choir. They give all the credit for the to Peking and Moscow is the release of choir's s.uccess to the boys who are our men held captive by the Communist members. tyrants. Mr. Speaker, I feel that the time and The heart-rending story by Mr. Reich WASHINGTON STATE SENATE COM­ efforts given by these two men and the follows: MENDS PRESIDENT NIXON FOR boys in the choir deserve to be recog­ HIS NEW PEACE EFFORT nized. In an age when too many people AMERICAN PRISONERS OF WAR are concerned only with themselves, this (By Peter Reich) group has given of themselves to spread The slim, nickel bracelet on Mrs. Mildred HON. THOMAS M. PELLY the joy of Christmas. I feel that my col­ Pilkington's wrist is inscribed: "Lt. Thomas leagues will enjoy and benefit from this Pilkington-9-19-66'' OF WASHINGTON story. Lt. Pilkington is her son. Sept. 19, 1966, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES is the day his Phantom II jet disappeared The article follows: on a night flight over North Viet Nam. For Monday, January 31, 1972 CHRISTMAS SHARING the past five years, he has been one of the Mr. PELLY. Mr. Speaker, the Wash­ Each year as the holiday approaches we 1,199 Americans missing in action in the ington State Senate has passed a resolu­ find ourselves, perhaps for the first time all Viet Nam war. year, thinking more about others than about No word from any of them ever has been tion commending President Nixon for his eight-point peace plan and urged the ourselves. Talents grown rusty with disuse received by their families. are polished up and shared freely. Almost Mrs. Pilkington says she intends to wear Washington State congressional deiega­ the bracelet until she receives some official tion to pledge all possible support for his forgotten friends and relatives, those who news--good or bad-about her son. She have touched our lives, however briefly, are efforts. This is a nonpartisan request, remembered. All of a sudden, even hearts hopes other Americans Will join her in a Mr. Speaker, because the Washington locked up or held back all year long, spill similar gesture. by The National League of Families of Amer­ State Senate is controlled the Demo­ over with love and joy that cries out to be icans Missing in Action or Prisoners of War cratic Party. shared-through gifts and cards, through in Southeast Asia is making the commemora­ Speaking for myself, I do pledge my song, through self. tive bracelets available at cost to anyone re­ support for the President's peace plan, ·Being human, we grumble about the extra questing them. The charge ls $2.50 for a and I am inserting the aforementioned work, the extra expense, the extra time this nickel bracelet, $3 for a copper one. All bear resolution at this point in the RECORD: burst of loving and sharing takes. But would the name of one of the 47 Illinois men known we change it? to be M.I.A. or P.O.W. in Southeast A&ia, and RESOLUTION Certainly not Dick Martin and Bob the date he was captured, or disappeared. Whereas, The President's speech of Jan­ Hughes of St. Mark's parish, Richmond. Each Mrs. Pilkington said anyone desiring a uary 25, 1972 revealing secret negotiations Christmas season, these professional enter­ bracelet may write to: National League of covering twelve separate meetings over a tainers clear their calendars of commitments Families, Glenview Naval Air Station, Glen­ period of thirty months, in addition to the to return to their Richmond parish where view, Ill. 60026. previously publicized acts and offers, demon­ they go about transforming 50 healthy nor­ If he still is alive, Mrs. Pilkington noted, strates that the President's efforts are re­ mal boys, ages eight and up-boys of diverse this will be the sixth Christmas that her sponsive to his pledge to the American peo­ races and backgrounds from 14 public son has spent in captivity. He was 25 when ple, and to their demands for action by their schools in the city-into the very popular he failed to return to his carrier, the Coral government and his administration, in con­ St. Mark's Boys Choir. Sea. He Will be 31 soon. nection with the disengagement of our armed A crash program of 40 hours of rehearsal Her son attended Notre Dame High School forces from South Vietnam; and readies the boys for singing the joys of in Niles and graduated from Loyola Univer­ Whereas, The offers made public provide Christmas in hospital wards, homes for the sity before becoming a navy pilot, she said. the North Vietnamese the essential options sick and aged, cathedrals, parish churches, Mrs. Pilkington still lives at 9408 Normandy to consummate a compact for peace in famous hotels, city streets and squares, radio Av., in Morton Grove. Southeast Asia; stations and this year a special appearance Mrs. Peggy Lane, of 766 Prospect Av., Win· Now, therefore, be it resolved, Tha:t the at the Oakland Chancery Office. They expect netka, wears a bracelet inscribed with the Senate of the State of Washington com­ to perform for 150,000 people this season. 14 name of her brother, Lt. John F. Conlon III, mends the President for his efforts, acknowl­ appearances are scheduled for Dec. 21 alone. an air force jet pilot missing over South edges its gratitude therefor, and Ull'ges the Performances are gratis. The boys earn Viet Nam since March 4, 1966. Neither his congressional delegation from the State of money for the chartered buses they use for light observation a.trcraft nor his body ever Washington to pledge all possible support transpor.tation by singing on the street cor­ was found, so he is presumed to have fallen for his efforts; and ners near the parish church on the first into the hands of the Viet Cong or the North Be it further resolved, That the Secretary Sunday of Advent. Vietnamese. He, too, was 25 when he dis­ of the Senate cause copies of this resolution One of the highlights of the rehearsal appeared, and will be 31 soon. suitably embossed to be transmitted to the period is a "laundromat party" during Mrs. Lane pointed out that in addition to President and the members of the congres­ which the boys themselves clean and press the 1,199 Americans oftic'ially listed a.s llliss· sional delegation from the State of Wash­ the surplices, scapulars and big red ties ing, another 460 are known to be prisoners ington. which they wear. 1894 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 31, 1972 Climax of each season comes on Christmas LOST CORD CLUB AIMS AT To explain in simple teirms how a laryngec­ Eve when the choir sings the Midnight Mass REHABILITATION tomee tal~, said Mrs. Waldron, "we learn in St. Mark's Church. It ls on this evening to get air in the upper part of the esophagus that many former members return to visit and cause the a.ir to vibrate" as a substitute or sing along. Of the original group founded for the vi'bration of the vocaJ. cords which eleven years ago with nine boys, seven have HON. ROMANO L. MAZZOLI have been re·mo'Ved. finished college; six have been to Vietnam OF KENTUCKY Wheu Mrs. Waldron had surgery in 1946, and back safely. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES "there was nothing in the area in the way New boys must serve one year as postulants of rehabllitation," a.nd she d!l.dn't talk for a before being received into full membership Monday, January 31, 1972 year amd a half. After initial speech therapy in a special church ceremony. Mr. MAZZOLI. Mr. Speaker, I wish to at Northwestern Unive·rsity, she had further Bob and Dick consider it a privilege to be insert in the RECORD the following article training from Miss Miriam Robinson, a able to share some of their talents with from the Louisville Courier-Journal trained speech therapist, who at that time others. was teaching public speaking and drame. at "To us it's missionary work, and it might about a courageous group of people in my the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary. be a square idea, but we believe we are all home community who have not allowed (Miss Robinson now teaches at Belmont missionaries," says the pair, whose work a serious physical handicap to stop them College in Nashv1lle.) with the boys has brought Christmas delight from being heard. Later the two began visiting surgical pa­ to thousands. I refer, Mr. -Speaker, to the members tients in hospitals and teaching laryngec­ of an organization called the Lost Cord tomees in Mis Robinson's otllce. In 1951 they formed the Lost Cord Club. Club of Kentuckiana. These good citizens The club, sponsored by the Kentucky di­ share the common misfortune of having vision of the American Cancer Society, meet CHICAGO TRANSIT AUTHORITY undergone surgery for the removal of the in its otllces in the Medical Arts Building on larynx. the third Monday of every month. The profound effect of this operation is In the beginning there were six or eight . HON. FRANK ANNUNZIO a total loss p.f the ability to speak. The people. Now there are 15 to 20 dues-paying OF ILLINOIS club's president, Mrs. John Beha, says it members and the club has a mailing list of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES is a shattering experience "when you about 150. "People come and go," said Mrs. Waldron. "Once they are back at work and Monday, January 31, 1972 come out of that operation an.ct you open feel less need, they drop out." But there are your mouth and there's nothing there." Mr. ANNUNZIO. Mr. Speaker, as a some longtime members. The purpose of the Lost Cord Club is to Other otllcers in addition to Mrs. Beha are member of the House Banking and Cur­ cushion this postoperative shock and to Phtl Michels, vice president, and George rency Committee, which has jurisdiction assist patients in regaining the gift O·f T. Warren, secretary-treasurer. over all authorizing legislation for the speech through the use of the esophagus. The Kentuckiana club is a charter member Department of Transportation, I am de­ Among the prime movers in this most of the International Association of Laryn­ lighted to call to the attention of my gectomees, founded in 1952 and sponsored by worthwhile organization are Mrs. Robert the American Cancer Society. From 11 chap­ colleagues an editorial, entitled "Free Waldron, Mr. Phil Michels and Mr. Rides on the CTA?" which appeared in ters, it has grown to 165 clubs. George T. Warren. I think their com­ Mrs. Waldron is secretary of the inter­ the January 28 edition of Chicago Today. mendable activities are worthy of the no­ national group, and Robert F. Waitts of Lex­ Mr. Michael Cafferty, who is chairman tice of my colleagues in the House. I ington, who formed the Bluegrass Lost Cord of the Chicago Transit Authority, for­ therefore request that the following arti­ Club in 1961, is vice president. He is expected merly served as Assistant Secretary for cle entitled "Speaking of People, Lost to be elected president at the August meeting Environmental and Urban Systems at Cord Club Aims at Rehabilitation," writ­ in Florida. the Department of Transportation and Another club is in t he process of forming ten by reporter Joan Kay, be inserted in in Owensboro. received in 1970 from Secretary of Trans­ the RECORD. portation John A. Volpe a meritorious The article follows: ORGANIZE SPRING MEETING achievement award for his outstanding Mrs. Waldron hopes to organize a regional service. LOST CORD CLUB AIMS AT REHABILITATION meeting in the spring ma.inly "to find out if Since becoming chairman of the CTA (By Joan Kay) there are people we aren't reaching for last spring, Mr. Cafferty has offered many At most meetings of the Lost Cord Club therapy or help. We have no idea how many of Kentuckiana, the business session is brief people there are in the state we have never new ideas for improving public trans­ and then the members just sit a.roumd a.nd heard of." portation in the city of Chicago. He is talk. Many times doctors will alert Mrs. Waldron to be commended for his leadership and Talking is the ma.in purpose of the club or other club members about patients facing for the innovations he has suggested. I for it is made up of people who have lo.st laryngectomies, and they will visit them in know in the years ahead the citizens of their larynx ( oo- voice box) through surgery hospital to offer information and evidence Chicago will derive great benefit from and are learning to talk by using their that a person can learn to talk again. his excellent planning. esophagus. "We want to know early enough,'' said The chief a.Im of the group "is to get peo­ Mrs. Waldron, "so we can see people while The editorial follows: ple together a.nd let them know they are not they are in a state of depression. People al­ FREE RIDES ON THE CTA? alone with their problem-to provide emo­ ways say, 'If only I could have talked to you Free rides are about the most delightful tionraJ. support," said Hazel (MTS. Robert) before the operation or right after.' We feel prospect the Chicago Transit Authority could Waldron, one of the founde1"s of the club am.d club members can do so much to reassure offer. And apparently it isn't such a wild instructor of post-la.ryngectomy voice at the these people." idea; CTA chairman Michael Cafferty sug­ Rehabilitation Center. Though the club has some social activities, gests that it might be tried soon-perhaps Club get-togethers gdve lrairyngectomees such as a summer picnic, "We think of the when the distributor subway system is com­ (those who have had their larynges removed) club as a service organization rather than a pleted in 5 or 6 years, maybe even sooner. "a chance to express their feelings and a social club.'' It would only apply downtown, within chance to try their new voice," she continued. Mrs. Waldron, who was a volunteer teacher limits not yet described. But financially "When they first lea.T\ll they do not talk well for about eight years with Miss Robinson, at­ speaking, it would make getting from one and don't like to talk in front of strangeirs." tended workshops of the international asso­ part of the business district to another as Newly elected club president Mrs. Joihn ciation on teaching laryngectomees to speak painless as riding elevators. "We should have Beha attended her first meeting two months and has read widely in the field. She joined this concept in the Loop," Cafferty said, after surgery in 1965 and she has been 'going the Rehabilitation Center in 1957 as in­ "with people able to get on and off at any regularly eve1" since. structor of post-laryngectomy voice in a pro­ point." It is quite a shattering experience "when gram sponsored by the Kentucky Division of Everyone, including the CTA, benefits from you come out of that operation and you open the American Cancer Society. good business. Making it cheap and easy your mouth and there's nothing there," said Tbough people vary widely in their abillty for people to get around downtown ls the Mrs. Beha. "Ff you go to those meetings, you to master the new speech technique, with best business the CTA could get into. feel like you're not the only one. a normal post-operative recovery she esti­ Some cities including New York are weigh­ "If you take advantage of everything Hazel mates thalt generally it takes three to four ing the possibility of totally free systems. and the others at tihe club tell you and prac­ months of therapy once or twice a week to That could happen eventually, but ~t would tice with it, you've got no problem." have usable speech. "Control and loudness be an immense gamble to start with. The In a laryngectomy all ()If the larynx, which improve over the years with practice." CTA 's version, which pins I.ts hopes on includes the vocal cords, is removed. Though One important barrier a person must cross increased patronage thru the downtown free­ sometimes the larynx is re.moved because of is shyness "because the voice has a most un­ ride bonus, would test the idea at much less acid burns or a fracture resulting from Ml usual quality and many are reluctant to use risk. But the possibilities are dazzling, and accident, the major caUJSe i's a malignant it." She often encourages a paitient at first we hope to hear more of this plan soon. tumor. by taking him around the Rehab111tation January 31, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 1895 Center and introducing him to other staff role in the war in Indochina. Previous the International Brotherhood oif Team­ members. schemes have been entitled "agrovilles," sters, was honored in Chicago by the · In 1967 Mrs. Waldron was honored by the "strategic hamlets" and "new life hamlets." Anti-Defamation League Appeal. Kentucky Commission on Employment of the By whatever name, hundreds of thousands Mr. Gibbon was presented with the Handicaipped as "handicapped individual of of Vietnamese have been uprooted from their the year." traditional lives and forced into barren first annual Heritage of Liberty Award "Sometimes I've said that my life has been camps. sponsored by the Anti-Defamation much richer since I've been laryngectomized Each new relocation indicates a continued League. because a lot of new doors have opened up lack of South Vietnamese governmental con­ The award was presented to Mr. Gib­ to me." Before the operation as a housewife fidence in its political control of the country­ bons in recognition of his outstanding and mother of two sons, she did some com­ side, while directly violating Article 49 of the labor leadership, his vanguard role in the munity work, but "through the years I've Geneva Convention which prohibits "indi­ struggle against bias, his commitment to had so many wonderful experiences through vidual or mass forcible transfers." the work I've done. I think this is the atti­ State Department officials claim that this social justice, his distinguished public tude most laryngectomees have taken." latest movement, labeled "don dien," is dif­ service, and in a.ppreciation of his cham­ Though some never adjust, "most jump i_n ferent from those of the past. Only those pionship and generous support of Israel. with both feet to help others." Vietnamese who agree to move will go. The Heritage of Liberty Award has Mrs. Waldron is particularly pleased about Yet the c:ircumstances of the movement been established by the Anti-Defamation a local industry executive who began therapy raise serious doubts about how voluntary the League in recognition of labor's leading last June and now has resumed all his job moves will turn out to be in the future. The role in the advancement of the Nation's responsibilities, including conferences with people at one of the two camps involved It other businessmen. A 6-year-old boy she once wrote a letter last July 21 to a Vietnamese heritage. was conferred upon Harold trained to talk is now 17, holding a part-time Cabinet Minister asking to be moved. The Gibbons at a dinner in his honor for his job and involved in many school clubs. free will of those making the request is called steadfast advocacy of labor's rights, his "And I am just one of many people in the into question by their plea: "You witnessed leadership in the struggle against bigotry, field who feel this glow about it.... I think the miserable life of the inhabitants and and his untiring support of Israel's cause. this is the philosophy that most laryngecto­ told us that the Government has intention Cocha.irrnan for the dinner was the mees have-they want to help others who to move the people in Hathanh resettlement very highly respected Chicago industrial­ have been through the same experience." center." A survey conducted by the Americans five ist, Mr. Lester Crown. The honorary months before that request stated that "The chairman was Dore Schary and dinner people are opposed to any move outside of cochairrnan was Ray Schoessling, vice VIETNAMESE REFUGEE RELOCA­ Military Region I [I Corps)." president of the International Brother­ TION VIOLATES ARTICLE 49 OF By July the refugees supposedly had hood of Teamsters and presid·ent of the THE GENEVA CONVENTION changed their minds. There are sufficient District Council 25. Rabbi Eric Friedland precedents to show that the South Vietnam­ delivered the invocation and the Rev. ese Government has means to get the people Robert Reicher delivered the benediction. "willingly" to follow its desires. HON. BELLA S. ABZUG The motives of the South Vietnamese Remarks were made by Seymour Grau­ OF NEW YORK officials involved are also suspect. When ques­ bard, national chairman of the Anti­ IN, THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tioned about the move last Sept. 17, Dr. Phan Defamation League. Mr. John W. Gard­ Quan Dan, Minister of State in Vietnam and ner was the principal speaker and Monday, January 31, 1972 director of this movement, told me about im­ America's No. 1 satirist, Mr. Alan King, Mrs. ABZUG. Mr. Speaker, last Fri­ proved land and better security as reasons provided a lighter touch to the evening. day's New YoTk Times carried on its why Saigon favors the relocation. Mr. Gibbons richly deserves the honor "Op-Ed" page an article by John Isaacs, These reasons make som.e sense in light of the miserable conditions in the two camps of bestowed upon him a.t Mc:Cormack Place a young man who recently resigned from 8,200 people at Hathanh and 20,000 at Camlo, in Chicago, Ill. the U.S. Foreign Service. During the year with refugees living on sandy soil which that Mr. Isaacs worked with refugees in prevents all but the most elementary farm­ South Vietnam, he had ample opportu­ ing. Yet while the refugees want most of all nity to observe the coercion attendant to return to their ancestral lands, strategic THE ECOLOGY OF SOCIETY upon their ''voluntary" agreements to be considerations clearly outweigh human ones. relocated. These further considerations were admit­ These people-South Vietnamese citi­ ted by Dr. Dan, who said: "When the refugees HON. WM. JENNINGS BRYAN DORN zens--are the individuals whom we are are moved out of their camps, the Govern­ OF SOUTH CAROLIN A ment can turn much of the land into a free­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES supposedly protecting. With friends such fire zone. Then it will be much easier to fight as we, they hard:ly need any enemies. the Communists." Monday, January 31, 1972 Mr. Isaacs' article follows: It is doubtful how limited the move will Mr. DORN. Mr. Speaker, the Honor­ [From the New York Times, Jan. 28, 1972) remain or how much free- choice there will able John Lumpkin, a distinguished at­ A NATION OF WRETCHED WANDERERS be because the same minister expressed a desire to move as many as 330,000 people by torney, president of the South Carolina (By John Isaacs) the end of 1972. State Chamber Of Commerce, and chair­ WASHINGTON.-About 1,400 Vietnamese re­ Moreover, the refugees who are moving man of the board of the South Carolina fugees were recently moved from wretched constitute a suspect group for their long-held National Bank, delivered a splendid ad­ refugee camps in Quangtri Province of I sympathies with the Vietcong. An April, 1970, dress to the annual chamber of com­ Oorps, the northernmost region of South "Survey of the Attitudes of Refugees in VietnMn, to another camp 450 miles to the merce banquet in my hometown of Twelve Selected Camps in I Corps" found: It south. Vietnamese refugees have never before "There are large numbers of Vietcong sym­ Greenwood, S.C. was a very special been resettled so far from their former pathizers among the refugees in I Corps in privilege for me to hear Mr. Lumpkin's homes. general, but the most critical problems eloquent and timely address. It is This latest move points up the continuing pointed up by this survey are in the large thought provoking and challenging. I ground WM and a.gain revea.ls the failure of camps of Camlo and Hathanh." The move commend this great speech to the at­ Vietnamization to guarantee the security of only makes sense if there is a desire to get tention of my colleagues in the Con­ the peasants in their home aireas. The re­ the people out of the m1litfllrily sensitive I gress and trl the American people: location may be the first of many totaling Corps region threatened by North Vietnamese hundreds of thousands of refugees as the troops to the north and west. THE ECOLOGY OF SoCIETY South Vietnamese try to clear land fo!r mili­ I'd like to touch upon a. matter that is a tary operations. bit more serious and current, a matter that Large-scale relocations of refugees from I HAROLD J. GIBBONS, RECIPIENT OF affects us all these days. We have now solidly Oorps have been planned for ma.ny yoo.rs. I THE HERITAGE OF LIBERTY AWARD embedded in our working vocabularies, the was involved in such planning while in Viet­ word "ecology", and while I haven't looked nam, and sa.w other American preparations it up since school days, I seem to have it dating back to 1966 and 1968 for resettling HON. ROMAN C. PUCINSKI associated with the balance and/or inter­ relation of things in nature. And, I under­ up to 200,000 people. OF ILLINOIS Only a year a.go, the American hee.d of the stand that when any species of ecology's War Victims Directorate in Sa.igon announced IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES vast network is reduced or eliminated, its plans to move 200,000 to 400,000 refugees Monday, January 31, 1972 loss affects the entire system. Ecologists tell from I Corps, although premature publicity us they a.re concerned a;bout keeping all and the resulting outCTy killed the move. Mr. PUCINSKI. Mr. Speaker, recently, plant and animal species alive and intact not Forced reloca.ti.ons have long played a key Mr. Harold J. Gibbons, vice president of so much for the sake of preservation as for 1896 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 31, 1972 the sake of perpetuating all life. All of us, " ( 1) that a man might sell as dear as he after the crime than it ls to protect society they say, should be greatly concerned by the can, and buy as chea,p as he can; against the criminal's acts. Even the overt excessive tinkering with plant and animal "(2) if a man lose by casualty of sea, and revolutionary today can draw the sympathy life, lest the entire structure give way. so on, in some of his commodities, he may because he acts as an individual. against an There is a similar danger in tampering raise the price of the rest, and "oppressive" society. If his plight continues, with the ecology of society. This ecology is "(3) that he may sell as he bought, though he is often lionized. maintained by two important basics: One, he paid too dear . . ." The ancient Greek and Roman societies a system of laws protecting the social fabric, All false, cries the minister; to seek riches were built on the conception of subordina­ and two, a healthy marketplace. Both are for riches sake is to fall into the sin of tion of the individual to the community, of constantly undergoing changes, but neither avarice. the citizen to the state; It set the safety of is immune to destruction. Excessive change To this day, the notion is handed down the commonwealth, as the supreme aim of is a thing we must guard against. that to seek riches for riches sake ls a thing conduct, above the safety of the individual Two great interrelated forces work within of the devil. whether in this world or in the world to the system-the individual and society it­ Therefore, one of the great dangers in our come. When Oriental religions came along, self. Between the two there is an ever-pres­ social ecology is psychological. Puritan and all this was changed. The center of gravity ent interplay of war and love, of rejection primitive mores dictate feelings of modern was shifted from present to future life, and and acceptance, of aggression and coopera­ men. He rails excessively against the profit a general disintegration of the body politic tion. system or the market system. He causes laws set in. The ties of the state and the family We are all endowed with a fiercely self­ to be passed, judgments to be made and were lessened; the structure of society tended centered nature. It is our weakness that utterances voiced to the detriment of the to resolve itself into its individual elements f.oroes us to seek cooperation with each market. and thereby to relapse into barbarism; yet other. But our untamed, unconscious drives, Then, there is the matter of regulations civillzation ls only possible, says the his­ our selfish ways constantly threaten to dis­ and rules. torian Toynbee, through the active coopera­ rupt our social partnerships. France-1666. A regulation has been sent tion of the citizens and their willingness to In primitive society, the struggle between out warning against a dangerous and dis­ subordinate their private interests to the aggression and cooperation is taken care of ruptive tendency of too much initiative be­ common good. The obsession with Oriental by the environment; when the specter of ing displayed of late. The regulation says philosophies lasted for a thousand years. Men starvation looks a community in the face that henceforth the fabrics of Diyon and refused to defend their country and even every day-as with the Eskimos or the African Selangey are to contain 1,408 threads, neither to continue their own kind. The revival of hunting tribes-the pure need for self-pres­ more nor less. In four other manufacturing Roman law ma.rked the return of Europe to ervation pushes society to the cooperative towns, the threads are to number 1,376; at native ideals of life and conduct, to saner, completion of its daily tasks. But in an Chatmon, 1,216. (Any cloth found to be manlier views of the world. The tide of the advanced community, this tangible pressure objectionable is to be pilloried. If it is Oriental invasion had been turned. of the environment is lacking. When men found three times to be objectionable, the Here in the 20th century, we have wit­ no longer work shoulder to shoulder in tasks merchant is to be pilloried instead.) nessed a remarkable flirtation with these directly related to survival-indeed when half There is something common to all these same philosophies. The Woodstock set finds or more of the population never touches the scattered fragments of bygone worlds. It is a new god in "love", a new purpose in burn­ tilled earth, enters mines, keeps cattle or this: First, the idea of the propriety (not to ing draft cards, and a new manifestation in builds with its hands-the perpetuation of say the necessity) of a system organized on drugs. The affectation of flowing robes and the human animal becomes a remarkable so­ the basis of personal gain has not yet taken long hair and the propensity to occult teach­ cial feat. root. Second, a separate, self-contained eco­ ings reminds us of the ancient Oriental in­ The very existence of society is at the nomic world has not yet lifted itself from fluence. It is again a rebellion against society mercy of a thousand dangers. It can feel im­ its social context. The world of practical af­ and a gratification of personal likes and de­ mediately the effects of excessive govern­ fairs is inextricably mixed up with the world sires. The premise seems to be that man is a mental control. When trade union strikes or of political, social and religious life. noble creature corrupted only by the society consumer boycotts or civil strife come upon Even in this late 20th century these worlds surrounding him. It ls remindful of the the scene, we all are affected. The network have not yet fully separated. And, while the thesis propounded by Jean-Jacques Rosseau, of markets is so intricate and interwoven physical separation isn't really necessary, is intellectual godfather of the French Revo­ that the whole is affected by a small part it not important that we differentiate them lution. As you know, that revolution left us ... just as the tiny sting of a bee can cause in our minds and our reactions to their func­ along with many lofty sentiments a memory pain to a 200-pound man. In the extreme, if tions. of one of the bloodiest conflicts in history. our farmers should fail to plant enough crops There is sometimes the notion that the The Russian Revolution, built on the same or if too few men should suddenly offer their system owes the individual a living, must premise, led to the same result. There are no services as stevedores, miners or doctors or guarantee him a pension, must protect him contrary examples. Edward Bloomberg, au­ engineers, or if any of the millions of inter­ from cradle to the grave. Paradoxically, this thor of Student Violence, reminds us that, twined tasks of society should fail to get same notion says that enterprise can be sin­ "No government founded in the 'man is good' done, industrial life would soon become hope­ ful. In the Middle Ages, the Church taught principle (as opposed to society is good) has lessly disorganized. We face the possibility that, "No Christian ought to be a merchant." ever ended otherwise than in tyranny and of such a cataclysm daily-not from the In banking-in all industry for that mat­ blood." forces of nature, but from sheer human un­ ter-we frequently run across these primi­ The healthy baJance of our society, as we predictability. tive reactions to the system of marketing. have said, is dependent upon a system of In the market system, the lure of gain In recruiting, we sometimes find the young laws and a healthy marketplace. Each of steers each man to his task. And yet, al­ collegian is reluctant to join a corporation. these is experiencing pressures unequalled though he is free to go where his acquisitive He believes that in so doing he may lose his i:l. modern civilization. Our laws are chal­ nose directs him, the interplay of one man personal identity. He cannot find himself in lenged by revolutionaries and anarchists. Our against the other results in the necessary a corporate enterprise, and he does not want police are vilified and our traditional insti­ tasks of society getting done. to be guided by what he considers imper­ tutions are under .bombardment. There is an But through history, industry and profit sonal policies and procedures. It ls, in a impatience with the due process of law. The have been under attack and suspicion. sense, a kind of snobbery. It is brought on marketplace is imp.aired by an overzealous Throughout, there have been attempts to dis­ probably by the diminishing individuality in protection of the consumer's interest, by ex­ credit and destroy the process. our modern society. As the world grows cessive taxes, tax bookkeeping and general Boston-1644. A trial is in progress; Robert smaller by faster transportation and instant regulatory procedures. Keane, "an ancient professor of the gospel, a communications, and as the population soars, We say and we believe that this ecology can man of eminent wealth and having but one and as mass production continues to turn and will withstand this tampering, but there child, and having come over to conscience's out all manner of goods and materials, we is a warning in the words of Chief Justice sake and for the advancement of the gospel," get the idea that each one of us is too much Charles Evans Hughes, speaking decades ago is charged with a heinous crime. He has made like all the rest of us. And, we don't espe­ before a joint session of Congress: over sixpence profit on the shilling, an out­ cially like that. I'm told that brand names ". . . Forms of government, however well rageous gain. Question: Whether to excom­ don't have the appeal of a few years ago. contrived, cannot assure their own perma­ municate him for his sin. However, in view Perhaps it's because people now search for nence. If we owe to the wisdom and restraint of his spotless past, the court finally relents the offbeat, something with which to make of the fathers a system of government which and dismisses him with a fine of two hundred them different from the masses. People seem has thus far stood the test, we all recognize pounds. But poor Mr. Keane is so upset that to want to maintain an individual sovereign­ that it ls only by wisdom and restraint in our before the elders of the Church he does "with ty. This includes a personal interpretation own day that we can make that system last. tears acknowledge his covetous and corrupt of behavior, of morals and of rules and laws. If today we find ground for confidence that heart." A minister of Boston cannot resist There appears to be a strong sentiment for our institutions which have made for liberty this golden opportunity to profit from the the individual's rights over the rights of and strength will be maintained, it will not living example of a wayward sinner and he society. Laws are passed, judicial decisions be due to ab~ndance of physical resources or uses the example of Keane's avarice to thun­ are made and writings support the individ­ to productive capacity, but because these are der for in his Sunday sermon on some false ual's role against society's order. It is more at the command of people who still cherish principles of trade. Among them are these: popular today to protect the criminal's rights the principles which underlie our system January 31, 1972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 1897 and because of the general appreciation of AID FOR CAMBODIANS LOCAL SOLDIER'S GOAL necessity, since skin disease is one of the what is essentially sound in our governmental (By Tom Debley) worst problems of the people. structure." Sgt. Edwaird A. Artis has been home from The children and the old, as is often the These are rather alarming words, but they Vietnam less than a week. And he'll only be case in war :wnes, suffer the most, he says in are intended only as another recognition of in Concord for a little more than 40 days, a explaining how mammoth the problems are what might be-not what will be. Just as the brief period of time in which he hopes to in this way: reasonable men of science tell us about the launch an ambitious project with the help of "In two days we saw over 1,000 people. We balance of nature, we should give heed to area residents. went through all of our medical supplies." those who warn us about the ecology of our The sergeant, a medical corpsman who Artis, Rogers and three officers, Capt. society. The society we know today in Amer­ graduated from Clayton Valley High School Douglas Hagen, MD, Joe Maryluf, Mike ica, despite its avowed shortcomings, is the Feenye, and Pehn Young, have been work­ in 1962, has spent eight years in the Arm~. best man has ever devised. While changes and the last 23 months in Vietnam. ing at Katum, supplementing a public health refinements are constantly needed, we should And now the 26-year-old, thrice wounded team. always be aware and remind ourselves of soldier would like to go baick to war r.a.vaged Artis says as long as he can get materials Justice Hughes words, "forms of government Southeast Asia, but the Army has s.a.id no. to the others, most easily by mail, they can cannot assure their own permanence." Artis' desire to return is not because of any be distributed and help the people. We the benefactors must have the wisdom love for war. In fact, if you ask, he has And even though he has to leave for a for this assurance. definite views on the politics of wa.r. new base baick east in just over 40 days, Artis But Artis is not interested in the politics. believes that if he can get things rolling, "the He is concerned about people. Two small in­ people can carry the ball from there." What he needs now are the people inter· fants, for e~ample, whom he found in gar­ THOSE WHO SERVE bage cans. ested in helping. Of prime concern to him are Cambodian refugees who are suffering and dying from HON. JEROME R. WALDIE the effects of decades of war in Southeast Asia. Their plight, Artis says, is just as bad PROCLAMATION: ALIEN REGISTRA­ OF CALIFORNIA as the Bangladesh, but people have forgotten TION MONTH IN ALASKA IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES about the war victims of Cambodia as at­ Monday, January 31, 1972 tention has focused on this new world prob­ lem. HON. NICK BEGICH Mr. WALDIE. Mr. Speaker, the with­ "If there's a new thing, people look at drawal of American forces from South it more than the old," he says. OF ALASKA Vietnam has been greeted with enthusi­ As a medical corpsman, Artis became in­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES asm and relief by most Americans. But terested in the poor conditions of the ref­ Monday, January 31, 1972 there are some men who realize that this ugees in his spare time by becoming in­ country cannot extract its troops and volved in "civic action." Mr. BEGICH. Mr. Speaker, William A. "I hate busy work and I'd rather be doing Egan, Governor of Alaska, has pro­ then assume the problem is over. something that's beneficial," he says, ex­ Mr. Speaker, the war-ravaged people claimed the month of January 1972, as plaining how he began working as a volunteer Alien Registration Month in Alaska. of Southeast Asia have suffered for cen­ in the hospital emergency room while sta­ turies. A young man from Concord, tioned in Tay Ninh. He has done so in an effort to bring Calif., realizes this fact, and is trying to From there, Artis and members of a civic the attention to those visiting the Uni:ted do something about it. Sgt. Edward A. action team that was formed began working States from other countries that regis­ Artis has spent 8 years in the Army­ in their free time as volunteers with the tration is required by law. civilian population in other ways. One of I wish to share with all of my col­ almost 2 of those years in Vietnam where the men he met and who is now part of the he was a medical corpsman. He request­ leagues Governor Egan's proclamation. group was another Concordite, Bob Rogers, The proclamation follows: ed another extension of his duty in the son of retired Concord Police Capt. Sam war zone but the Army denied that re­ Rogers. PROCLAMATION: ALIEN REGISTRATION MONTH quest. It is ironic that one of the few Although Artis can now tell many stories, IN ALASKA men who wanted to stay and use his and show hundreds of pictures, about what Under the Immigration and Nationality medical skills to help the people was he has seen, it boils down one problem he's Act, most aliens in the United States are hoping to solve: clothing and soap for the obliged to report their address to the Im­ sent home, while other men who did not refugees. migration and Naturalization Service dur­ want to go in the first place were sent And that's where he hopes to have the help ing the month of January each year. in his place. of the people here at home. Right now, he's Aliens living in Alaska may comply with Sergeant Artis wanted to stay in Viet­ looking for the donation of office space and this law by completing an address report nam, Mr. Speaker, not because he likes a telephone so he can get his project started. card that is obtainable from post offices war, but because he felt he could help As for getting the materials to Vietnam, throughout the State, or from the Immigra­ the people. He is especially concerned he's not worried. "I'll pay for that myself if tion and Naturalization Service office. about the Cambodian refugees. In Viet­ I have to," he says. If sick or disabled, a friend or relative can But to get the donations of maiterials, he obtain the address report card, which should nam, Sergeant Artis used his free time wants to meet with groups of people--civic be returned to the post offioe or Immigration to work as a volunteer in a hospital clubs, fraternal organizations, church and Naturalization Service. Parents should emergency room and as part of a civic groups, anyone who wants to help. fill out cards for alien children under age action group working with the civilian In 10 to 14 days, the notes, slides and films 14. population. he has shot will arrive and he hopes to get As Governor of the State of Alaska, I, Wil­ Sergeant Artis is now back in the audiences to show them to in order to lit­ liam A. Egan, urge all aliens who reside in States, Mr. Speaker. In his hometown of erally show the need. this State to remember that the month of Concord, he has started a project to col­ In explaining this need, Artis s.a.ys food is January, 1972, is hereby designated to be not the major problem of Cambodians nor Alien Registration Month in Alaska and to lect clothing and soap for those ref­ the Vietnamese. In fact, as far as the Viet­ properly register as required by law. ugees. He is trying to get civic clubs, namese are concerned, "free world sources Dated this 27th day of December, 1972. church organizations and other groups are carrying them" and they don't need the to donate the clothing and soap to be help the Cambodian refugees need. sent to Vietnam. Artis explains that as the North Vietnam­ The work this young man is perform­ ese Army (NAV) moves through Cambodia, A NATION STILL STRUGGLES ing is already receiving the notice of local imposing taxes and conscripting soldiers, ref­ Concord citizens, but I feel it needs to be ugees are being evacuated into South Viet­ nam. At one village, Katum, the population brought to the attention of my colleagues jumped from 700 to 2,500 people in just two HON. EDWIN B. FORSYTHE in Congress and everyone who reads the weeks. OF NEW JERSEY RECORD. As a result, people are sleeping anywhere IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES With that thought in mind, Mr. Speak­ they can, including holes in the ground. Monday, January 31, 1972 er, I include the following article by Tom It is at this village that Artis has been Debley of the Concord Transcript for working. And clothing and soaip are in prime Mr. FORSYTHE. Mr. Speaker, last inclusion in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. need. Soap, especially, because it is a medical week the people of the Ukraine, who are 1898 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE February 1, 1972 not free, celebrated the 54th anniversary For, here is a nation of peace forced Ukraine, ending in 1920 with Soviet of their nation's declaration of in­ to exist behind the curtain of commu­ domination. _ dependence. nism, and its people still love to be free. Last week, the official celebration was held. But all freedom-loving people the Their courage and hunger for freedom - The Ukrainian people have never ac­ are examples of patriotism that should world over will join throughout the year be noted and remembered by some of cepted Soviet rule, although it was im­ in praying for the eventual emergence of America's own critics. posed upon them in an invasion of the independence in the Ukraine.

SENATE-Tuesday, February 1, 1972 The Senate met at 9: 15 a.m. and was The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem­ (2) S. 2801 addresses itself to the deep pore. Without objection, it is so ordered. seabed beyond the limits of the continental called to order by Hon. RoBERT C. BYRD, shelf. Is this not beyond the limits of na­ a Senator from the State of West Vir­ tional jurisdiction? ginia. THE DEEP-SEA MINERALS What ultimate agreement concerning the limits of exclusive national jurisdiction the PRAYER Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, the international community may reach is not The Chaplain, the Reverend Edward L. January 1972 issue of the Mining Con­ yet entirely clear. Our subcommittee con­ R. Elson, D.D., offered the following gress Journal, published by the American cluded that the entire continental margin Mining Congress, included an interview should be included within the limits of na­ prayer: tional jurisdiction. Several nations have sup­ with the distinguished Senator from ported a 200-mile limit. In any event, s. 2801 Eternal Father, who has promised that Montana