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Home , Ahed Tamimi, Land Day, Naharayim, Nir Barkat, Sara Netanyahu

IEMed. Mediterranean Yearbook 2019 382 Chronology of Events in and Palestine Appendices inaugurates itsdelegation on16May. is joinedbythatofGuatemala, which President Trump’s electoralpromises, the HolyCity, therebyfulfilling oneof ton’s decision to move its embassy to subsequent Arab-Israeliwar.Washing- of the State of Israel in 1948 and the pelled orforcedtofleewiththecreation 700,000 Palestinianswhowereex- whichremembersthe in ), ans commemorateNakba(catastrophe takes placeadaybeforethePalestini- Ukraine andGeorgia.Theinauguration public, Albania,FYROM,Serbia, tria, Romania,Hungary, theCzech Re- a numberofcountriesincluding,Aus- which isattendedbyrepresentativesof matic delegation,theceremonyfor inauguration dateforthenewdiplo- Palestine’s LandDay, and14May, the rusalem, especiallyasof30March, lence inGaza,theWest BankandJe- sparks anew surge in protests and vio the diplomaticarena,USdecision its embassytoJerusalem.Outsideof against the US over its decision tomove complaint filed by the State of Palestine tice announcesthatithasreceiveda state andtheInternationalCourtofJus- until Israelrecognizes Palestineasa end securityandeconomiccooperation its recognitionoftheStateIsraeland ganization (PLO) decides to suspend capital, thePalestinianLiberationOr- borders andwithEastJerusalemasits estine as astate with the pre-1967 for theUnitedNationstorecognize Pal- League announcesadiplomaticdrive response to the US decision, the Arab of the Arab-Israeliconflictfor 2018. In from Tel Avivsetsmuchoftheagenda subsequent moveoftheUSembassy rusalem asthecapitalofIsraeland on 6December2017torecognize Je- The decisiontakenbytheUnitedStates and Palestine Chronology of Events in Israel Chronologies - velopments in2018, suchasWashing- principles leads to other worrying de- to theObamaAdministration’sguiding wards Israel and Palestine with respect the Trump Administration’sstrategyto- But the change indirectionof Home). wing YisraelBeiteinu(Israel Our Lieberman, and leader of the ultra-right- Israeli Defence Minister, Avigdor meetings leadstotheresignationof and 13 November. The second of these kered by Egypt and the UN on 21July violence inGaza,agreedtalksbro- Hamas inanefforttohaltthespiralof worthy ceasefires between Israel and territory. In addition, there are two note response totheprotestsonPalestinian countries, whichcondemnsIsrael’s eral Assembly, backedbytheArab proval ofaresolutionintheUNGen- Israeli militaryoperationsandtheap- alleged violationsandabusesinthe international commissiontoinvestigate to urgentlydispatchanindependent UN HumanRightsCouncil’sapproval Criminal Court(ICC)inTheHague,the complaint inMaytotheInternational the yearpromptingPalestinetofilea attacks continueunabatedthroughout Israel’s corresponding response. The missile attacks launched from Gaza and most intensesince2014,asarethe strators andtheIsraeliarmyare Clashes betweenPalestiniandemon- rael respondstowithasimilarmeasure. embassy opening, a decision that Is the contextofprotestsagainst the deathof60PalestiniansinGaza pels theIsraeliconsulinIstanbulover Union’s criteria.Turkey, incontrast,ex- the measure, which goes against the the firstEU membercountrytoadopt ras, BrazilandRomania,thelatterbeing transfer toJerusalem,includingHondu- Other countriesalsoannouncetheir - - estinian territories, throughout2018, the Israeli settlements in occupied Pal- unanimity inthecourtruling.Asregards courts and eliminates thecriteria of ity to apply the death penalty to civil Beiteinu andwhichextendstheauthor - high treason,drivenforwardbyYisrael rorism, crimesagainsthumanityand ing the death penalty for crimes of ter- the finaldraftofnewlawonapply- Aviv andothercities,thedebateon which sparks large-scale protests in Tel the widelycriticized nation-statelaw, gets - and bytwo new laws in Israel: particularly withattacksonIraniantar- in the conflictin neighbouring Syria - marked by Israel’s growing involvement and Israel. The year’s events are also resolving the conflict between Palestine state solution is the only viable way of and Palestine,insistingthatthetwo- create aconfederation between ning of themonthUSproposalto despite Jordan’srejectionatthebegin- contemplates the two-state solution, be presentedinearly2019.Thedeal “Deal oftheCentury,” willbereadyto for theregion,ambitiouslydubbed in September, that the new peace plan the UnitedNationsGeneralAssembly ald Trump announces,inthecontext of bassy inJerusalem.Inthisregard,Don- and whichisabsorbedbythenewem- Palestinian National Authority (PNA) which actedasrepresentationforthe the ConsulateGeneralinJerusalem, tion in Washington and downgraded ordered theclosureofPLO delega- nized JerusalemasthecapitalofIsrael, US Presidenthimselfwhenherecog- locked peacetalks,dynamitedbythe at forcingPalestinetoresumethedead- adecisionaimed Refugees (UNRWA), United Nations Agencyfor Palestinian ton’s decisiontocutUSfundingofthe restores theGaza Strip’spowersupply • with East as its capital. established beforethe1967war and recognition asastatewiththeborders Nations to gain Palestine’s international nounces adiplomaticdriveinthe United • the energy crisis. against thepooreconomicsituationand the northofGazaStripinprotest ians demonstrateatarefugeecampin • Palestine decision to sell land to Jewish groups. Jerusalem inprotestagainsthischurch’s carrying the Greek Orthodox Patriarch of of ChristianPalestiniansattackthecar • estinians. terrorismagainstPal- state-sponsored that its definitive approval will lead to by the Palestinian authorities, who warn far-right , is condemned Minister from the ism. Thebill,sponsoredbytheDefence penalty foranyonefoundguiltyofterror- to thepossibilityofapplyingdeath Parliament) givesitspreliminarybacking • Israel January 2018 of different corruption probes. who isbeinginvestigatedinanumber uled for2019byBenjaminNetanyahu, leading toearlyelectionsbeingsched- service lawforultra-Orthodox Jews, government coalition over the military Israel ends with a disagreement in the against Israel at the ICC. The year in leads thePLO to fileanewcomplaint peal filedbyitsresidents.Thisruling Khan al-Ahmarafterrejectingtheap- the demolitionofBedouintown the IsraeliSupremeCourtauthorizes the GazaStrip.InSeptember,however, and ontheborderbetweenIsrael the Temple Mount/NobleSanctuary which leadtounrestattheentrances in theWest Bank,likeAdamorEfrat, with extensionstovarioussettlements new constructionsareapproved,along On 7JanuarytheIsraeligovernment On 6JanuarytheArabLeaguean- On 4JanuaryhundredsofPalestin- On 6January, inBethlehem,agroup On 4 January the (Israeli day inTheNewYork TimesonanIs- denies areportpublishedtheprevious • Israel February 2018 demonstrators are arrested. north oftheWest Bank.Afurthertwo in clashes with Israeli forces in Jenin, • Israeli soldiers. cousin fromashottotheheadfiredby raeli soldiers followingthe death of her filmed in December 2017 hitting Is trial on31January. Theteenagerwas estinian teenagerAhedTamimi untilher court extendsthedetentionofPal- • Bank. is killedinclashesJayyous,theWest • January in clashes in the . tinian teenagerwhowaskilledon3 clashes following the funeral of a Pales- by shotsfiredIsraeliforcesduring • Israel. Palestinian enclavelandinthesouthof hours afterthreemissilesfiredfromthe Hamas positionsintheGazaStrip, • Conflicts between the Parties Israeli capitalin December 2017. when herecognizedJerusalemasthe namited bytheUSPresidenthimself to resumenegotiationswhichweredy- threat is aimed at forcing the measureisappliedgradually. The plans tocutUSfundingofUNRWA, if support fortheTrump Administration’s • Peace Negotiations capital. to recognizeJerusalemastheIsraeli light oftheUSdecisionon6December its recognitionoftheStateIsrael,in committee votesin favour ofsuspending • to the Palestinian enclave. ments fortheelectricityIsraelsupplies after thePNAagreestoresumepay- On 4FebruarytheEgyptianarmy On 17 January a Palestinian is killed On 17 January an Israeli military On 15JanuaryayoungPalestinian On 4JanuaryaPalestinianisinjured On 3JanuarytheIsraeliarmybombs On 6JanuaryIsraelexpressesits On 15JanuarythePLO executive - owned “commercial” land-i.e., Israeli government,underwhichchurch- against thetaxmeasurestaken by the Holy Sepulchreindefinitelytoprotest in Israel close the Church of the ers • freesheet, tion inthecirculationofrival of Netanyahuinexchangeforareduc- Mozes, togivepositivenewscoverage newspaper andYnetnewssite,Arnon group in control of the as of2009withtheownermedia Case 2000Netanyahuheldmeetings producer ArnonMilchan.Accordingto James PackerandtheHollywoodfilm 2016 fromtheAustralianbusinessman than 200,000 euros between 2007 and hus receivedgiftstothevalueofmore According toCase1000,theNetanya- so-called Case1000and2000. bribery, fraudandbreachoftrustinthe Benjamin Netanyahubechargedfor recommend thatthePrimeMinister • Iran and Syria. gers arapidescalationbetweenIsrael, 1982 LebanonWar. Thesituationtrig- been shot down by enemy fire since the This isthefirstIsraelifighterjettohave is shotdownandexplodesinGalilea. siles atIsraeliwarplanes,oneofwhich Bashar al-Assad’sregimefire25mis- its part, the defensive batteries of from whereIranhadsentthedrone.For ity closetotheSyriancityofPalmyra, Israeli fighterjetsattackamilitaryfacil- and notbyHezbollah.Inaddition,eight sent directlyintoIsraeliairspacebyIran intercepts anddownsthefirstdrone • Israel. partially locatedinwatersdisputedby and Frenchcompanies,despiteitbeing agreement signedwithRussian,Italian plore anoilandgasfield,following that preparationsareunderwaytoex- Minister Cesar Abi Khalilannounces • 3,500 dollars and a flight ticket. in exchangeforfinancial supportof them toleavethecountrywithin60days grants fromSudanandEritrea,asking to between35,000and40,000mi- starts the procedure of issuing notices • thorized by Cairo. raeli airstrikeonjihadists in Sinai, au- On 25FebruarytheChristianlead - On 13FebruarytheIsraelipolice On 10FebruaryanIsraelihelicopter On 9 FebruarytheLebaneseEnergy On 4 February the Israeli government Israel Hayom.

IEMed. Mediterranean Yearbook 2019 383 Chronology of Events in Israel and Palestine Appendices IEMed. Mediterranean Yearbook 2019 384 Chronology of Events in Israel and Palestine Appendices the reactor. confirm Basharal-Assad’splansto build to northernSyriagatherevidence to him Othmanandthatsoldierswere sent Syrian AtomicEnergyCommission Ibra- into thecomputerofhead of the agents inViennasuccessfullyhacked Syrian nuclearreactorafterMossad dered thedestructionofanincipient Israeli Prime Minister or- first time that, in March 2007, the then documents, Israelacknowledgesforthe army’s decision to declassifysecret • Israel March 2018 Tzur settlement, in the West Bank. other agentattheentrancetoKarmei guard afterstabbingandwoundingan down andkilledbyanIsraelisecurity • assailant, who then fled the scene. West Bank, allegedly by a Palestinian to deathneartheArielsettlementin • Conflicts between the Parties vices. Hamas forcontroloverthepublicser- to the struggle between the PNA and operation foraperiodof10days,due reserves tokeepcriticalservicesin the entitysaysthereareonlyenough immediately totheGazaStrip,where itarian catastropheiffuelisnot sent (OCHA) warnsofanimminenthuman- Coordination ofHumanitarianAffairs • Palestine began on 13 February. nize JerusalemasthecapitalofIsrael theUSdecision to recog- against test slapping an Israeli soldier during apro- ance AhedTamimi, whosetrialfor young symbolofPalestinianresist- arrested are family members of the tary operationinNabiSaleh.Allthose arrests 10Palestiniansduringamili- • by Jerusalem. not dedicatedtoworship-istaxable On 21Marchinthecontextof On 7 February a Palestinian is shot On 5FebruaryanIsraeliisstabbed On 6FebruarytheUNOfficefor On 26FebruarytheIsraeliarmy - legalize thesituation of16,000undoc- decade. The government was set to have enteredIsraelillegallyoverthe last expel morethan30,000migrants who nounces thecancelationofplan to • Israel April 2018 day in the Strip since the war in 2014. strators arekilledmakingitthe bloodiest turn” protest.Atleast16 ofthedemon- Israel duringthe“GreatMarchofRe- proaching thefenceonborderwith 30,000 Palestiniandemonstratorsap- ,afterIsraelisoldiersfireon protests inrecentyearsbreakoutthe • deen al-Qassam Brigades. out byHamas’ armedwing,theEzze- came frommilitarymanoeuvrescarried the Stripidentifiedasmissiles.Theshots to machine-gun fire coming from inside system mistakenly activates in response hours aftertheIronDomeanti-missile two targetsinthenorthofGazaStrip • lem as the Israelicapital. Donald Trump’s recognitionofJerusa - mark 100daysfollowingUSPresident Hamas hadcalledforaDayofRageto ment intheWest Bank,onadaywhen tinian, closetotheMevoDotansettle- ramming attackcarriedoutbyaPales- killed andafurthertwoinjuredincar- • Conflicts between the Parties plant. to inaugurateawastewatertreatment during anofficialvisittotheGazaStrip noun shortlyafterhisconvoypassed harmed fromabombblastinBeitHa- Minister RamiHamdallahescapesun- • Palestine Watch. according totheNGOHumanRights exchange foreightmonthsinprison, in bargain” withthemilitaryprosecution ager AhedTamimi’s reachesa“plea • On 2AprilBenjaminNetanyahu an- On 30Marchsomeofthefiercest On 26MarchtheIsraeliarmyattacks On 16MarchtwoIsraelisoldiersare On 13 March the Palestinian Prime On 21MarchthePalestinianteen- from the Palestinian enclave. Protestors from thePalestinian enclave.Protestors tests atthefencethatseparates Israel tors participatinginthelarge-scale pro- injure atleast40Palestiniandemonstra - • at the end of March. protesting overthedeathsthatoccurred where dozens of demonstrators are rest ontheborderwithGazaStrip, the Bureijrefugeecampduringun- dead byIsraelisoldierstotheeastof • Conflicts between the Parties cessor Barack Obama. agreement, undersigned by his prede- the possibleUSwithdrawalfrom the Donald Trump adoptsafinaldecisionon vised, daysbeforetheUSPresident agreement tobesuspendedandre- his presentation, Netanyahu asks for the reached withtheG5+1in2015.During what islaidoutintheagreement called “ProjectAmad” therebyviolating Islamic Republichasasecretplan service. AccordingtoNetanyahu,the dence obtained by the Israeli secret appearance inwhichhepresentsevi- tain nuclearweaponsduringapublic lying about its secret programme to ob- accuses Iran of • temala and Honduras. try tofollowtheUSinitiative,afterGua- to Jerusalem,makingitthefirstEUcoun- it will move itsIsraeli embassy inTel Aviv • Atlantic. the Palestinians,inaninterviewwithThe raelis’ rightstohave“theirownland,” like the Saudicrownprince,recognizesIs- • Minister . his greatright-wingrival,theEducation fearing thelossofhisbasesupportto April he officially cancels the agreement reached withtheUnitedNations.On3 the applicationofagreement back onthedecisionandsuspending Facebook page saying that he is going anyahu himself posts a messageon his in theParliament.Sixhourslater,Net- ment iscriticalfortheright-wingparties the comingfiveyears.Theannounce- 16,000 peopletoWestern countriesin have managed the relocation of another umented migrants,whiletheUNwould On 6AprilIsraelisoldiersfireand On 3AprilaPalestinianmanisshot On 30ApriltheIsraeliPrimeMinister On 21 April Romania announces that On 3AprilMohammedbinSalman, of a further 1,400 homes. authorization for the future construction settlements andthathewillalsoask for 2,500 Israelihomesin30West Bank he willaskforapprovalaplanto build ister AvigdorLiebermanannounces that • Gurcan Turkoglu. the Turkish consulinJerusalemHusnu of Nakba.Israelrespondsbyexpelling lem andthecommemorationofday opening oftheUSembassyinJerusa- the contextofprotestsagainst hands oftheIsraeliarmyon14May, in over thedeathof60Palestiniansat Israeli consulinIstanbulEitanNaeh, Guatemala’s decision,Turkey expelsits 14 May. Intheoppositedirectionto initiative ledbytheUS,whichdidsoon in to Jerusalem following the first countrytomoveitsIsraeliembassy • Minister and the Defence Minister. down tojusttwopeople-thePrime which bringsthedecisiontodeclarewar law, by 62votes in favour to 41 against, • Israel May 2018 ing to the Palestinian Health Ministry. 200 peoplehavebeeninjuredaccord so-called Marchof Return, in whichsome Strip borderduringthefifthFridayof dead byIsraelisoldiers ontheGaza shot • obtain weaponsforfightingagainstIsrael. tists andtechnicianstoothercountries Gaza to send itsmostprominent scien- ject runbytheHamasgovernmentin is saidtobeaimedatdismantlingapro- The which although unrevealed are cited by man’s familyandintelligencesources, secret service,Mossad,bytheyoung pur, inanactionattributedtotheIsraeli the entrancetoamosqueinKualaLum- and scholarFadial-Batshisshotdeadat • diers ontheborderwithGazaStrip. estinians areshotdeadbyIsraelisol- the so-calledMarchofReturn,twoPal- • over to the Israeli side of the fence. set firetotyresbeforethrowingthem On 24 May the Israeli Defence Min- On 16MayGuatemalabecomesthe On 4 May the Knesset approves a On 27AprilfourPalestiniansare On 21AprilthePalestinianengineer On 20AprilonthefourthFridayof New York Times.Theassassination - promises. Palestinian groupscallfor one ofPresidentDonaldTrump’s election embassy inJerusalem,therebyfulfilling • Conflicts between the Parties and Development (UNCTAD). United NationsConferenceonTrade ment Organization(UNIDO)andthe the UnitedNationsIndustrialDevelop- other twoUnitedNationsmechanisms: entry intoforce on 16 June, andan- forits Weapons Convention(CWC), instrument ofaccessiontotheChemical • to Jerusalem. transfer of the US embassy from Tel Aviv raeli ForeignMinistrytocelebratethe event organizedon13MaybytheIs- four countriesinIsraelparticipatean tations aftertheambassadorsofthese public, HungaryandAustriaforconsul- sentatives inRomania,theCzechRe- summons its main diplomatic repre • during the commemoration of Nakba. tween demonstratorsandIsraelisoldiers during clashesintheGazaStripbe- try into its territory of Palestinians injured • and Palestine. between JewsandtheterritoryofIsrael as fartoclaimthat there isnorelation bearing norelationtoJudaism.Hegoes and thatIsraelisamerecolonialproject the ThirdReichandwouldbeuseful” Jewish State would be under the rule of estine undertheBritishmandate“so the Jews money for them to go to Pal- He alsoaddsthatAdolfHitleroffered attack againsttheJewsin1,400years.” the Islamicworldtherewas“notasingle related tobanksandinterests,” whilein the “socialbehaviour” and“activities sult notoftheirreligion,butbecause century untiltheholocaustwerere- by theJewsinEuropesince11th tions, pogromsandmassacressuffered meeting, Abbassaysthatthepersecu- and otherPalestinianfactions.Atthe is boycottedbyHamas,IslamicJihad the first time in 22 years, an event which committee, whichmeetsinRamallahfor lected chairmanofthePLO’s executive • Palestine On 14MaytheUSinaugurates its On 17MaythePNApresentsits On 16 May the PNA Foreign Minister On 15MayEgyptauthorizestheen- On 4 May is ree- - southern Israel.In response,theIsraeli which haveleftfivepeopleinjured in siles launchedfromtheGaza Strip, intercepted mostofthe70orso mis- Forces saytheirIronDomesystem has • detonated by an Israeli army robot. planted thepreviousday, subsequently border whereanexplosivedevicewas of theGazaStrip,locatednextto lamic Jihadborderpositioninthesouth an Is- attack on Israeli in an are killed • salem and in the Gaza Strip. ments intheWest BankandEastJeru- crimes and other crimes in the settle plaint about Israel to the ICC for war • policy in the region. protests against Israel and the new US killed and19,000injuredduringthe December 2017,142peoplehavebeen to thePalestinianHealthMinistry, since which beganinMarch2018.According military operationsagainsttheprotests ported inthecontextofIsraeli vestigate theviolationsandabusesre- ternational commissiontoGazain- urgent dispatchofanindependentin- two againstand14abstentions,the Council approves,by29votesinfavour, • the Gaza Strip. of Hamas militarypositionsinthenorth • commemoration of the day of Nakba. new USembassyinJerusalemandthe tests against the inauguration of the fired bytheIsraeliarmyduringpro- Palestinian HealthMinistry-fromshots 1,360 injured-2,700accordingtothe after atleast58peoplearekilledand lethal force.Thecondemnationcomes border fencedoesnotjustifytheuseof attempt tojumpover or damage the nate killing” andremindsIsraelthatan nounces Israel’s“seeminglyindiscrimi- Commissioner forHumanRightsde- • jihad against the US. of al-QaedaAymanaz-Zawahiri callsfor li war 70 years ago. For its part, the head of Israel and the subsequent Arab-Israe- pelled orforcedtofleewiththecreation the 700,000Palestinianswhowereex- Nakba, which,on15May, remembers the measureandtocommemorate widespread marchesandprotestsagainst On 29-30MaytheIsraelDefence On 27MaythreePalestinianmilitants On 22MayPalestinefilesacom- On 18 May the UN Human Rights On 17MaytheIsraeliarmyattacks On 15MaytheUnitedNationsHigh -

IEMed. Mediterranean Yearbook 2019 385 Chronology of Events in Israel and Palestine Appendices IEMed. Mediterranean Yearbook 2019 386 Chronology of Events in Israel and Palestine Appendices attacks around20 targetsintheGaza • civilian lives.” along theboundaryfence,endangering rockets intoIsraelandincitingviolence condemn Hamas“forrepeatedly firing narrowly rejectsaUSamendment to The approvalcomesaftertheAssembly be organizedforthePalestinianpeople. demands that international protection response to the protests in Gaza and Arab countrieswhichcondemnsIsrael’s bly approvesaresolutionbackedbythe • declared unilateral ceasefire. unidentified group,therebybreakingthe tar shellsfromPalestinianterritorybyan in response to the launching of two mor positions in the north of the Gaza Strip that it hasattackedaround 15 Hamas • focus. Gaza, becauseofits“grosslyone-sided” the protectionofPalestinianciviliansin resolution proposed by Kuwait calling for proval intheUNSecurityCouncilofa • Conflicts between the Parties tween 2010 and 2013. in expensesattheofficialresidencebe- by rackingupmorethan84,000euros of systematicfraudandbreachtrust” ister’s wifeSaraNetanyahuof“crimes ecutor formally accuses the Prime Min- • attempts to“damagenationalsecurity.” alize soldiers” andupto10yearsfor prison sentencesforattemptsto“demor- Israeli troops, and envisages five-year or publishingfootageoftheactions man, foradraftlawwhichbansfilming by theDefenceMinisterAvigdorLieber- nationalist YisraelBeiteinu,sponsored the proposalputforwardbyultra- • Israel June 2018 dition that it is respected by Israel. ceasefire fortheGazaStrip,oncon- • Islamic Jihad positions. air forcebombssome80Hamasand On 18and20JunetheIsraeliarmy On 13JunetheUNGeneralAssem- On 2JunetheIsraeliarmyreports On 1 June the US vetoes the ap- On 21JunetheIsraelipublicpros- On 17Junethegovernmentapproves On 30MayHamasdeclaresa - the Gaza Strip. break through the maritime blockade on and Falestine, which were trying to alongwiththeshipsFreedom Freedom Flotilla, and escorts it to fromthe the shipal-Awda(Return), • estinian territories. test againsttheoccupationofPal- December 2017, during a Friday of pro two IsraelisoldiersinNabiSalehon15 held thereforeightmonthsslapping prison intheWest Bank,afterbeing Ahed Tamimi isreleasedfromHasharon • trolled airspace. tered twokilometresintoIsraeli-con- down aSyrianfighterjetwhichhaden- • fighting in the Syrian province of Quneitra. of thecountry, facedwiththeincreasein operative sinceMarch2017inthenorth Sling defencesystemforthefirsttime, • tion to Jews. and restrictstherighttoself-determina- communities in Israel as a national value language, defines the creationof Jewish tablishes Hebrewastheonlyofficial tional homeoftheJewishpeople,” es- tions, which defines Israel as “the na in favour,55againstandtwoabsten- proves thenation-statelawby62votes • schools and speaking with students. Palestinians fromaccessingIsraeli the government’spoliticstowards a lawthatcouldstopgroupscriticalof • by Iran’s Revolutionary Guard. port, inAleppo,whichwasbeingused facility closetotheSyrianNayrabAir- that Israelirocketshavehitamilitary • Israel July 2018 with Israel. protests inGazanexttotheborderfence by shotsfiredtheIsraeliarmyinnew killed andmorethanahundredinjured • from the Palestinian enclave. several incendiary kites and balloons Strip inresponsetothelaunchingof On 29 July the Israeli navy intercepts On 29 July the Israeli navy intercepts On 29JulythePalestinianactivist On 24JulytheIsraeliarmyshoots On 23JulyIsraelactivatesitsDavid’s On 19JulytheIsraeliParliamentap- On 17JulytheParliamentapproves On 15JulySyria’sstatemediareport On 29JunetwoPalestiniansare - - lan Heights. lan metres from the Israeli-occupied Go heavy weapons to a distance of 85 kilo forces inSyriahavewithdrawn their ficient, accordingtowhichthe Iranian information providedbyRussiaas insuf- • Israel August 2018 rity forces. demonstratorsandthesecu- between in Jerusalem, and clashes break out Israeli policeneartheal-Aqsamosque, fireworks andstonesinthedirectionof • Noble Sanctuary in Jerusalem. at theentrancestoTemple Mount/ the border between Israel and Gaza and forces. Therearealsonewclasheson ian demonstratorsandIsraelisecurity sailant’s home town,between Palestin- day, thereareclashesinKobar, the as- is alsokilledintheaction.Onsame the settlement by aPalestinian man, who the previousday’skillingofanIsraeliin Bank settlementofAdaminresponseto struction of400newhomesintheWest igdor Liebermanannounces the con- • near , in the West Bank. raid ontheDheishehrefugeecamp, shot deadbyIsraelisoldiersduringa • mediated by Egypt and the UN. Fawzi Barhoumannouncesaceasefire, wing arekilled.Hamas’ spokesman which atleastfourmembersofitsarmed large-scale attackonHamastargetsin response, theIsraeliarmylaunchesa a newFridayofprotestsintheStrip.In dead byPalestiniansnipersinGaza • Hamas training facility. by attackingabuildingthatservedas agogue inSderot.Israelthenresponds southern Israel,oneofwhichhitsasyn- launch ofaroundahundredmissilesinto Israel’s action is responded to with the siles at Israeli locations near the border. Strip, inresponsetothefiringof35mis- more than 40 Hamas targets in the Gaza • Conflicts between the Parties On 1AugustIsraelconsiders the On 27Julyyoungmaskedmenshoot On 27 July theDefence Minister Av- On 23JulyaPalestinianteenageris On 20JulyanIsraelisoldierisshot On 14JulytheIsraeliairforceattacks - - of which are intercepted. Israel responds of whichareintercepted. Israelresponds fired fromGazaintosouthernIsrael, 30 • from the Strip. sponse toapreviousattacklaunched bombing in thenorthofGaza, inre- sam Brigadesarekilledinan Israeli mas’ armed wing the Ezzedeen al-Qas- • Conflicts between the Parties and Palestinians. reactivate peacetalksbetweenIsraelis played theroleitshouldhavedoneto ably flawedoperation” whichhasnot UNRWA, describingitas“anirredeem- that it will no longer commit funding to • Peace Negotiations security reasons. the Jordanian border for unspecified since 2010byIsraelisecurityforceson postal service, whichhadbeen withheld and packagesovertothePalestinian Israel hashanded10tonnesofletters • Palestine their previous administrative detention. in Israelijails,thisbeingarenewalof 36 Palestinians,26ofwhomarealready indefinite detentionwithoutcharge-of order theadministrativedetention-i.e., • settlement, inthedistrictofBethlehem. to build106newhomesintheEfrat approve anapplicationfromthesettlers • truce with Hamas in the Gaza Strip. al-Sisi todiscussapossiblelong-term meet withthePresidentAbdelFattah Netanyahu travelledinMaytoEgypt mits that the Prime Minister Benjamin • Jewish people. the newlawonnation-stateof people demonstrateinTel Avivagainst • Gaza. tempt to break the Israeli blockade on new FreedomFlotilla,asasymbolicat- second ofthreeshipsthatmakeupa cepts theSwedishshipFreedom, • On 8-9 August 180 missiles are On 7AugusttwomembersofHa- On 31AugusttheUSannounces On 16 August the media reports that On 26AugusttheIsraeliauthorities On 20AugusttheIsraeliauthorities On 14Augustthegovernmentad- On 4and11Augustthousandsof On 4AugusttheIsraeliarmyinter- been filedagainst IsraelwiththeICC Saeb Erekatannouncesthatacase has For itspart,thePLO secretarygeneral October asthedeadlineforeviction. dents. The Civil Administration sets 1 rejecting theappealpresentedby resi- Bedouin villageofKhanal-Ahmar after of Israelauthorizesthedemolition • context of improved bilateral relations. sworn intohispostinAmman,the the newIsraeliambassadorinJordan,is • tion to expel UNRWA from the city. salem NirBarkatannounceshisinten- • Israel September 2018 and the Gaza Strip. soldiers ontheborderbetweenIsrael Palestinian demonstratorsandIsraeli ians are injured in clashes between • Médecins Sans Frontières. the GazaStripworkedforNGO throwing abombatIsraelisoldiersfrom raeli securityforcesafterfiringand Palestinian assailant shot down by Is- • posed on the Gaza Strip. symbolically breaktheblockadeim- on dozensofPalestinianshipstryingto • creation of the State of Israel. lands theywereexpelledfromwiththe the rightsofrefugeestoreturn which beganon30Marchtodemand of theGreatMarchReturnprotests Strip. Theunrestcomesinthecontext border betweenIsraelandtheGaza es withIsraelisecurityforcesonthe ians arekilledand241injuredinclash- • tinian. runoverandkilledbyaPales- cidently home inNablusafteranIsraeliisac- numerous vehiclesandaPalestinian • thanks to Egyptianand UN mediation. a ceasefireagreementfortheGazaStrip, twenty injured,IsraelandHamasreach leaves three people dead and around the massive exchange of fire, which by bombing150targetsinGaza.After On 5 September the Supreme Court On 5SeptembertheSupremeCourt On 3SeptemberAmirWeissbrod, On 3SeptemberthemayorofJeru- On 31Augustatleast120Palestin- On 24AugustIsraelreportsthata On 19AugusttheIsraelinavyfires On 17AugustatleasttwoPalestin- On 16AugustIsraelisettlersattack stabbed to death by a Palestinian close to stabbed todeath by aPalestiniancloseto • Conflicts between the Parties an impartial party in the process. since henolongerconsidersthe USas exclusively undertakenbyWashington, nism, wherebymediationwouldnotbe and implementingamultilateralmecha- ing the internationalpeace conference bas puts forward the alternative of hold- Abbas asa“US-Israelipeaceplan.” Ab- the “Deal of the Century” - described by named bytheUSPresidenthimselfas opposition toTrump’s peaceplan-nick before theUNGeneralAssemblyhis Mahmoud Abbas declares in his speech respect, the Palestinian President based onthetwo-statesolution.Inthis a solutiontotheArab-Israeliconflict Donald Trump expresseshissupportfor since heassumedtheUSPresidency, • federation as a solution to the conflict. President DonaldTrump proposedcon- Mahmoud AbbasrevealsthattheUS comes afterthePalestinianPresident Palestine andIsrael.Theannouncement able waytoresolvetheconflictbetween on the two-state solution as the only vi- between JordanandPalestineinsists possibility of creating a confederation • Peace Negotiations embassy in Israel to Jerusalem. over Washington’s decision to move its the StateofPalestineagainstUS es ithasreceivedacomplaintfiledby • PLO’s delegation in Washington. Donald Trump orderstheclosureof • Palestine diplomatic delegationin Jerusalem. late theUSandrelocatecountry’s cio Cartesdecidedon21Maytoemu- Aviv afterthepreviousPresidentHora- country’s embassyinIsraelbacktoTel nounces that he will be moving the itez’s newgovernmentinParaguayan- • ation of Khan al-Ahmar. for warcrimes,withregardtothesitu- On 16 September an Israeli man is On 26September,forthefirsttime On 3SeptemberJordanrejectsthe On 29SeptembertheICCannounc- On 10SeptembertheUSPresident On 5SeptemberMarioAbdoBen- -

IEMed. Mediterranean Yearbook 2019 387 Chronology of Events in Israel and Palestine Appendices IEMed. Mediterranean Yearbook 2019 388 Chronology of Events in Israel and Palestine Appendices ing grounds for the arrest. of Jerusalem Adnan Gheith withoutgiv- the Palestinian governor of the district • sus on the city’sstatus quo. seven decadesofinternationalconsen - which impliesaradicalvolte-face to from Tel AvivtoJerusalem, inadecision by the embassy that hasbeen moved The consulate general is now absorbed which dealt with relations with the PNA. the consulategeneralinJerusalem, • the State of Israel. and Sanctions (BDS) movement against campaign oftheBoycott,Disinvestment Aviv Airportaccusedofsupportingthe been detainedsince2OctoberatTel University of Jerusalem, but who had after beingacceptedbytheHebrew visa fromtheIsraeliconsulateinMiami ians Lara Alqasem, who had received a student andgranddaughterofPalestin- allows theentryintoIsraelofUS • the controlofareabyrebelgroups. 2014 becauseofthecivil war inSyriaand and whichhasbeenclosedsinceAugust Syria andlocatedintheGolanHeights, Quneitra crossing,ontheborderwith • in the West Bank. raeli settlementinthecentreofHebron, ment approves the expansion of an Is- • vices begins. of public funds toorder catering ser ter BenjaminNetanyahu,forthemisuse Netanyahu, thewifeofPrimeMinis- • Israel October 2018 lem, Yasser Darwish. of thesecretaryFatahinEastJerusa- estinian demonstrators afterthe arrest between IsraelisecurityforcesandPal- • and Israel. on theborderbetweenGazaStrip ly, byIsraelisoldiersduringnewprotests Palestinians areshotdead,respective- • the assailant is shot down. the settlement, after which On 20OctoberIsraelipolicearrest On 19OctobertheUSdowngrades On 18OctobertheSupremeCourt On 15OctoberIsraelreopensthe On 14OctobertheIsraeligovern- On 7OctoberthetrialagainstSara On 23Septemberclashesbreakout On 20, 23 and 24 September three - the United Nations that indicate that un report supports thepredictions made by • authorization. border crossingafterreceiving Israeli tinian territorybytheKerem Shalom Strip’s onlypowerstationenters Pales- tar to Gaza to allow the operation of the • July by the IsraeliParliament. against thenation-statelaw, passedin to support the protests of Arab-Israelis Gaza Striptakepartinageneralstrike West Bank,EastJerusalemandthe • Palestine ian flags, who try to boycott the voting. with Druzedemonstratorscarrying Syr- In theGolanHeightsthereareclashes mayoress ofonethemainIsraelicities. Rotem, the first woman to become with astrongvictoryforEinatKalisch secutive term.LabouralsowinsinHaifa Labour’s RonHuldaiwinshisfifthcon- 1967 and the annex in 1980. InTel Aviv, against theIsraelioccupationsince lem boycott the elections in protest part, thePalestiniansfromEastJerusa- each otherinthesecondround.Fortheir will comeupagainst party (Wake up), Berkowitz, fromtheliberalHitorerut party, and the secular candidate Ofer tive MosheLeon,fromtheOurJerusalem of thevote.InJerusalem,conserva- palities wherenocandidatewins40% held on 13 November in those munici- elections which will see a second round • the Ottoman era. archate, theowneroftemplesince el, withouttheparticipationofPatri- lem’s St.MichaeltheArchangelChap- starting urgentworktorestoreJerusa- against Israel’sAntiquitiesAuthority of the Orthodox Copts in Jerusalem quell aprotestheldbythePatriarchate • Jordanian control in 2019. both areaswillcomeundercomplete to Israel. Under the annulment, brew), Ghumar (NaharayimandZofar,inHe- lishes the25-yearleaseofBaqouraand signed in1994withIsrael,whichestab- annexes tothebilateralpeacetreaty announces hisintentiontoannultwo • On 16 October a Rand Corporation On 16OctoberaRandCorporation On 9OctoberfueldeliveredbyQa- On 1OctoberPalestiniansinthe On 30OctoberIsraelholdsmunicipal On 24 October Israeli police forcibly On 21 October Abdullah II of Jordan - minors arekilled byanIsraelimissile • tributes to Hamas. 30 rocketsintoIsrael,whichIsrael at- in responsetothelaunchofmore than tacks around80militarytargetsin Gaza • clave. a rocketfiredfromthePalestinianen- targets intheGazaStripresponseto • emergency government meeting. interrupts hisvisittotheUS attendan and theIsraeliarmychiefGadiEizenkot es airstrikesonHamaspositionsinGaza In response,theIsraeliairforcelaunch- the Mediterranean close to Gush Dan. the Gaza Strip land in Beersheva and in • raeli community. to carry out an attack on a nearbyIs- says thatitwasbuiltbyHamasinorder Israeli territoryfromtheGazaStripand destruction ofatunnelthatpenetrated • Brigade base, in the West Bank. estinian outsidetheSamariaTerritorial wounded afterbeingstabbedbyaPal- • ment, in the West Bank. dustrial estate near the Barkan settle- dead byayoungPalestinianonanin- • nautical miles. of thefishingzoneinGazafrom9to6 Avigdor Liebermanordersthereduction strations, theIsraeliDefenceMinister in responsetothepersistentdemon- more than370injured.On6October, tors dead, from Israeli army gunfire, and Gaza andIsraelleavethreedemonstra- Palestinians ontheborderbetween • Conflicts between the Parties ognizes Palestine as a state. tion andeconomicrelationsuntilitrec- tion ofIsraelandendsecuritycoopera- Council decides to suspend its recogni- • est cause of infant deaths. illnesses intheterritoryandisgreat- able, which is responsible for 25% of the the waterforGazansisnolongerdrink decade. Thestudystatesthat97%of Strip willbeuninhabitableafterthenext der thestrictIsraeliblockade,Gaza On 28OctoberthreePalestinian On 27 October the Israeli army at- On 25 October Israel bombs Hamas On 17Octobertwomissilesfiredfrom On 11OctoberIsraelreportsthe On 11 October an Israeli soldier is On 7OctobertwoIsraelisareshot On 5Octoberthedemonstrationsof On 29OctoberthePLO’s Central - Israeli army in protests in the Gaza Strip. Israeli army in protests in the Gaza Strip. tinian demonstratorsareinjured by the • truce with Hamas in Gaza. over itspreviousday’sacceptance ofa ter disagreementswiththegovernment Minister Avigdor Lieberman resignsaf- • Berkovitch. date MosheLeonwinsagainstOfer lem, theSephardiconservativecandi- round, heldon30October.InJerusa- has won40% of the vote in the first those municipalitieswherenocandidate second roundofitslocalelectionsfor • Adolf Eichmann was executed. Israel since 1962, when the Nazi officer alty hasnotbeeneffectivelyappliedin ity inthejudges’ ruling.Thedeathpen- courts anditdoesnotrequireunanim- ordered bothbymilitaryandcivilian ruling. Nowcapitalpunishmentcanbe posed of three judges by a unanimous handed downbyamilitarycourtcom- which deathsentencescouldonlybe limitations oftheprevioustext under approved. Themodificationremovesthe since January, whenits first readingwas awaiting thePrimeMinister’sgreenlight stitution, LawandJusticeCommittee had beenheldintheParliament’sCon- Avigdor Lieberman’s Yisrael Beiteinu, sored by the former Defence Minister manity andhightreason.Thebill,spon- crimes ofterrorism,againsthu- penalty can be applied in Israel for cation ofthelawunderwhichdeath debate the finalapprovalof the modifi- Netanyahu authorizes the Parliament to thePrimeMinisterBenjamin Home), tali Benet’sHaBayitHaYehudi (Jewish of hiscoalitiongovernmentpartner,Naf- • bassy inIsraelfromTel AvivtoJerusalem. his intentiontomovetheBrazilianem- elect thefar-rightJairBolsonaroconfirms • Israel November 2018 trying to storm the border fence. cording totheIsraeliarmy, theywere between GazaandIsrael,when,ac- fired fromadroneclosetotheborder On 16 November at least 23 Pales- On 14NovembertheIsraeliDefence On 13NovemberIsraelholdsthe On 5Novemberwiththeagreement On 2NovemberBrazil’sPresident- • in December’s forum in Marrakech. Migration, whichisduetobeapproved the UnitedNationsGlobalCompactfor that, togetherwithPoland, itwill not sign • West Bank. the IsraeliarmyinDeirAbuMash’al, estinians are injured by shots fired by • ian factions, and 150 attacks from Is than 400rocketslaunchedbyPalestin - mander. On14November,after more leave the Strip, after killing a Hamas com was takenbysurprisewhentrying to Israeli specialforcesoperation, which lence eruptsinGazafollowingthe failed • Conflicts between the Parties four years ago. reactivate thepeacetalks,whichstalled tween theIsraelisandPalestiniansto Moscow’s readinesstomediatebe- eign MinisterSergeiLavrovreiterates • Peace Negotiations Gaza, after receiving Israel’s approval. 23,000 Palestiniancivilservantsin ment of part of the salaries owed to the UN,Qatarproceedswithpay- • Palestine like Bahrain and Oman. The strategywillalsoincludecountries cupation ofthePalestinianterritories. tury ofregionalisolationsincetheoc- countries, therebybreakinghalfacen- matically tocertainArabandAfrican government’s strategytoopendiplo- 1972. ThemeetingispartoftheIsraeli diplomatic ties, which were severed in edented visittoIsraelreestablish who, twodaysbefore,begananunprec- with thePresidentofChadIdrissDeby, Minister BenjaminNetanyahumeets • group. rael tobepartofanunspecifiedarmed suspicion ofrecruitingacitizeninIs- home inSilwan,EastJerusalem,under tinian governorofJerusalem,athis ities rearrestAdnanGheith,thePales- On 25 November the Israeli author On 20 November Israel confirms On 19NovemberatleastfourPal- On 11Novemberanewsurgeinvio- On 23NovembertheRussianFor- On 9 November, in coordination with On 27NovembertheIsraeliPrime - - - Justice Ministers ofBenjaminNetan- • rael Resilience). and liberalpartyHosenLeYisrael (Is- chief BennyGantzlaunchestheZionist • tions in April 2019. proves itsdissolutiontoholdearlyelec- • in the West Bank. tion of2,191newhomesinsettlements ment approvesplansfortheconstruc- • ultra-Orthodox Jews. law regulatingthemilitaryenlistmentof ment inthecoalitiongovernmenton tions forApril2019duetothedisagree- yahu announces early legislative elec- • will remain in Tel Aviv. although for the time beingits embassy nizes JerusalemastheIsraelicapital, • Hezbollah. tack tunnelsfromLebanon,dugby to locate anddestroycross-border at- launch ofOperation Northern Shield • anyahu, the Cases 1000 and 2000. probes involvingtheMr.andMrs.Net- case isaddedtoanothertwopolice age of Netanyahu andhiswife.This in exchangeforfavourablenewscover- er andpersonalfriend,ShaulElovitch, Bezeq telecommunicationsgroupown- that wasfinanciallybeneficialtothe Minister supportedgovernmentpolicy ary, between2012and2017,thePrime police inquiries,whichbeganinFebru- Bezek-Walla Affair.Accordingtothe what isknownasCase4000orthe jamin Netanyahu and his wife Sara in ommends openingatrialagainstBen- • Israel December 2018 November. truce betweenIsraelandHamason14 and whichleadtoanEgypt-brokered in the Palestinian territory since 2014, es a Palestiniancivilian,intheworstclash- estinian militants,oneIsraelisoldierand toll inGazastandsat,atleast14Pal- raeli fighter jets and artillery, the death On 31 December the Education and On 31 December the Education and On 27 December the former army On 26DecembertheKnessetap- On 25 - 26 December the govern- On 25DecemberBenjaminNetan- On 17DecemberAustraliarecog- On 4DecemberIsraelreportsthe On 2DecembertheIsraelipolicerec-

IEMed. Mediterranean Yearbook 2019 389 Chronology of Events in Israel and Palestine Appendices IEMed. Mediterranean Yearbook 2019 390 Chronology of Events in Israel and Palestine Appendices tlement byshotsfiredaPalestinian, killed intheWest BankGivatAsaf set- • lice raid. trator iskilledon13Decemberinapo- settlement intheWest Bank.Theperpe- and killedbyaPalestinianintheBarkan the Israelisecurityforcesarerundown • ing a newbornbabydead. Ofra settlementintheWest Bank, leav- is shotatbyaPalestinianmaninthe • with Palestinian demonstrators. hammed Habali’s death sparksclashes West BankTulkarem refugee camp.Mo- ing in any protest, during a raid on the Palestinian man, who was not participat Forces killayoung,mentallydisabled • Conflicts between the Parties in 2019. lars inhumanitarianaidforPalestinians and thePNAappealfor350milliondol- • Palestine services. lishes finesforanyonesolicitingsexual mechanisms for sex workers and estab- createssocialrehabilitationtution, ment passesabillthatoutlawsprosti- • doning HaBayit HaYehudi. HeHadash (The New Right) after aban- Ayelet Shaked,foundthepartyHaYamin yahu’s government,NaftaliBennettand On 13DecembertwoIsraelisare On 11 December two members of On 9DecemberagroupofIsraelis On 4DecembertheIsraeliDefence On 17DecembertheUnitedNations On 31DecembertheIsraeliParlia- - the town of Sebastia, the West Bank. perse aprotestagainstanIsraeliraidon gas used by the Israeli forces to dis tinian studentsaresuffocatedbytear • raeli territory from the Strip. porting thelaunchofamissileintoIs- Hamas militarytargetinGazaafterre- • eight injured. which leaveonedemonstratordeadand context oftheGreatMarchReturn, new clasheswiththeIsraeliarmyin day ofProtestinGazawhichends • homes in the Ofra settlement. general forpermissiontobuild82new and collaboratorsasktheattorney the West Bankofrelativesterrorists tors’ homes,revokepermitsforleaving accelerated demolitionoftheperpetra- Bank tocarryoutraids,announcethe reinforcements totheoccupiedWest block the entrances to , send to encirclethetownofal-Birehand in violenceleadstheIsraeliauthorities is thenshotdownbypolice.Thesurge salem carriedoutbyaPalestinianwho stabbing attackintheOldCityofJeru- Israeli police officers are wounded in a unborn babydies.Paralleltothis,two jured includingapregnantladywhose settlement, whichleftsevenpeoplein- and anotheron9DecemberintheOfra which twoIsraeliswerekilledinBarkan Qassam Brigades: one on 7Octoberin Hamas’ armedwing,theEzzeldeenal- ians involvedintwoattacksclaimedby after theIsraeliforceskilltwoPalestin- who thenfleestowardsRamallah,hours On 30DecemberdozensofPales- On 29 December Israel bombs a On 28DecemberthereisanewFri- - United Nations News Centre RTVE Radio Free Europe / RadioLiberty Press Releases of the Spanish and Press Releases of the European Observatorio Político ElectoraldelMundo L’Orient Le Jour Le Monde Le Figaro Jeune afrique IRIS International Relations&Security Network International Crisis Group Il Corriere della Sera FRIDE Europe Media Monitor Euronews El País El Mundo Courier International Chatham House Carnegie Endowment for International BBC Associated Press Al-Monitor Al-Jazeera Al-Ahram Agencia EFE Affaires Stratégiques Al-Masry al-Youm Sources Belgian presidencies of the EU Commission Árabe y Musulmán (OPEMAM) Peace