NOTES ON THE FAUNA OF THE CHIPOLA FORMATION-XV1II

SOME NEW OR OTHERWISE INTERESTING MEMBERS OF THE (: )

EMILY H. VOKES TULANE UNIVERSITY

I. CAL YPTRAEA (TROCHITA) 25 specimens from six localities (pl. 1, figs. 3, 5 ). Not surprisingly the same two also Although Gardner (1947) lists several occur in the Miocene beds of the French species of Calyptraeidae from all three Aquitaine Basin. Both forms are cited by members of the , some very Cossmann and Peyrot (1919, pp. 483, 485) as interesting forms were not known to her. Aquitanian and Burdigalian, thus being exact Present work has revealed three species of correlatives of the Chipola forms. The Trochita Schumacher, 1817 (type species: members of Trochita are frequently Trochita spiralis Schumacher ; Turbo widespread in their distribution;certainly the trochiformis Born), a group not found in the Eocene C. {T.) aperta (Solander, 1766) occurs western Atlantic today. The Recent members in both the Old World and the New, and no occur primarily on the west coast of South special significance can be attached to this America, with the species Calyptraea Miocene occurrence. (Trochita) trochiformis (Born, 1778), and The more common of the two Chipola Mexico, with C. (T.) spirata (Forbes, 1852). species of Trochita is Calyptraea (Trochita) The modern forms are rock-clingers, and Keen costaria Grateloup, 1827. The rarer is C. (T.) (1971, p. 456) notes that C. spirata "may be ornata Baste rot, 1825. The latter is marked by found clinging tenaciously to the most ornamentation consisting of small tubules and surf-beaten rocks on exposed coasts." is probably the direct descendant ofC. aperta, Therefore, the presence of two species of which also has tubules. The Eocene species is Trochita in the Chipola Formation and a third common throughout the London and Paris in the Oak Grove Sand is of paleoecological Basins and also in the Gosport Sand of Alabama. In addition it has been reported value. from the Vicksburg Oligocene. The two Chipola species were not known From the literature alone it is impossible to to Gardner but she did have the Oak Grove know exactly whether a reported species is form, which she described as Calyptraea actually C. aperta or C. ornata. The chief crenata (1947, p. 562, pl. 56, figs. 1, 2), not distinguishing characteristic between the two recognizing it as a Trochita. The holotype is species is in the nature of the basal septum, refigured here (pl. 1, fig. 1) and it can be seen and unless this is shown, the specimen could that, in spite of its small size (15 mm be either. In the younger C. ornata the free diameter), it is unquestionably a good Trochita. So far as is known the type lot of edge of the septum is straight across; in the two specimens are the sole representatives of Eocene form it is somewhat curved, although the species to be taken in the Alum Bluff not as much as in C. costaria (compare text Group. However, five examples of a closely figs. 1-4). Unfortunately these septa are very related, if not identical, form have been fragile and are frequently broken, so that of collected in the early lower Miocene beds at the entire lot of specimens from the Chipola Silverdale, North Carolina (TU 866). The not one C. costaria has an unbroken septum. largest of these is 13 mm in maximum However, the septa of C. ornata and C. diameter, so it would seem to be a relatively costaria are well figured in Cossmann and small species. Peyrot (1919, pl. 13, ftg. 32, and pl. 14, fig. The two Chipola species are less rare, but 3). none theless uncommon. The frrst is Calyptraea aperta (as "C. trochiformis represented by five examples, the largest here Lamarck") was reported by Dall (1915, p. ftgured (pl. 1, ftg. 2). The second has a total of 103) from the early lower Miocene Tampa

163 164 Tular~e Studies in Geology ar~d Paleontology Vol. ll

Text figure 1, Calyptraea (Trochita) ornata Basterot. Text figure 2, Calyptraea (Trochita) aperta (Solander). Text figure 3, Calyptraea (Trochita) costaria Grateloup. Text figure 4, Calyptraea (Trochita) trochiformis (Born). Text figure 5, Crepipatella dilatata (Lamarck).

Formation. The material is too poor to controversy, and has been discussed by several determine the nature of the septum, but in the authors (especially Palmer, 1963; Robertson, correlative Silverdale beds of North Carolina 1963). The original usage of the name is (TU 562) the species that occurs is defmitely somewhat confused but the reference to a C. aperta. Probably the Tampa form is also. well executed figure in Knorr (1768, A similar form has been reported from the Vergnugender Augen, pt. 3, pl. 29, figs. of New J erscy and Maryland 1,2 ), plus the ruling by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature under the name Infundibulum perarmatum (Opinion 715, 1964) that the name Trochus Conrad, 1841. There are no specimens in the conchyliophorus Born, 1780, refers to the Tulane collections and from the available carrier-shell Xenophora, thus leaving the illustrations it is impossible to be certain name trochiformis nomenclatorially whether the species should be considered a available for the Trochita from South synonym of C. aperta or of C. ornata but the America, has led to the acceptance by recent specimen illustrated by Richards and authors (e.g., Keen, 1971; Marincovich, Harbison (1942, pl.18, fig. 23) from Millville, 1973) of this name. Frequently in the New Jersey, looks very much like the Chipola pre-1964 literature this species is cited as C. ornata. Trochus radians Lamarck, 1816, which is a junior synonym. Although the name C. trochiformis Lamarck, 1804, has been used extensively for The name trochiformis Gmelin, the Eocene species it is a junior synonym of C. 1791, is also involved. Several of the aperta (Selander). However, it is a source of references cited by Gmelin apply to one or some confusion in the literature as the Recent another species of Trochita. Gmelin does not West Coast form is now known by th e name refer to Born and there being no indication Trochita trochiformis (Born). that he was using the name in the serise of The name Turbo trochiformis Born, 1778, Born, it is probably just a coincidence. But has been the subject of some nomenclatural from his description of the shell as No.3 Fauna of the Chipola Formation-XVIII 165 longitudinally plicate, with the inner lip cf. radians). On the basis of over 400 lateral, it would seem that a Trochita was specimens of C. jloridana in the Tulane what he was describing. However, his first collections (373 from a single locality-TU reference is to a different form ftgured in 770) it can be seen that Jung's ftgured Chemnitz (1788, ConchyL-Cab., v. 10, figs. specimens fall well within the rather wide 1626, 1627), which Rehder (1943, p. 43) as range of variability of this species. The form "first reviser" selected as the species to bear that occurs in the Gatun Formation of the name. This, as Rehder indicated, is now Panama (Woodring, 1957,pl.19,figs.ll-14) regarded as a m ember of Bicatillus is the Mexican C. spirata, as noted (Desmaulus), a group more closely related to subsequently by Woodring (1973, p. 4 74 ). Crucibulum. In addition to its occurrence on the west coast of South America, the species C. CALYPTRAEA (TROCHITA) trochiformis is also found on the west coast of Africa, from the Cape Verde Islands to CRENATA Gardner Benguela, Angola (Nickles, 1950, p. 73). If Plate 1, fig. 1 one examines ocean currents one can see this is a plausible distribution. Given a long-lived Calyptraea crenata GARDNER, 1947, U.S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Paper 142-H, p. 562, pl. 56, figs.!, 2. larval stage, such as Trochita has, if a species were to move all the way to the southern tip Figured specimen: USNM 136053 (holotypc); of South America, th e larvae would then get maximum diameter 15.6 mm, height 7.0 mm; into the eastward-moving Cape Horn Current. locality USGS 2646 (=TU 91). From the r e they would move into the· northward Ee nguela Current, and the next land-fall is southwest Africa. The two occurrences may represent remnants of a CALYPTRAEA (TROCHITA) formerly continuous range, for the group is ORNATA Basterot found today throughout the Magellanic area, but the species from Tierra del Fuego to Cabo Plate 1, fJg. 2 San Anto nio, northern Argentina, as well as the Falkland Islands, is slightly different from C. trochiformis. It has a more sinuated Calyptraea ornata BASTEROT, 1825, Mbn. Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris, v. 2, p. 72, pl. 4, fig. 2. septum, much like that seen in the figure of C. costaria (text fig. 3 ), which well may be a F£gured specimen: USNM 647324; maximum secondary development in this geographically diameter 25.0 mm, height 11.0 mm; locality TU distinct area. 1051. Other occurrences: TU locality nos. 546,830. The western American species of Trochita probably all descended from a common ancestor, possibly the form figured by Woodring from the La Boca CALYPTRAEA (TROCHITA) Formation of western Panama (1973, pl. 72, COSTA RIA Grateloup figs. 12, 16, 19). Closely related to this Panamic species is the Florida Pliocene C. Plate 1, figs. 3, 4 jloridana (Olsson and Petit, 1964, p. 563, pl. 81 , Hgs. 2, 2a), which is common at some Calyptraea costaria GRA TELOUP, 1827, Soc. Linn. localities in the Brighton facies of the Bordeaux,Actes, v. 2, p. 82; 1847, Conch. F ossile Pinecrest beds. Two other records in the BassinAdour, Atlas, pl. 1, figs. 60-63. w estern Atlantic for the latter are the Pliocene Matura F ormation of Trinidad (Jung, 1969, Figured specimens: F;g. 3, USNM 647323; maximum diameter 27.0, height 13.0 mm; locality pl. 47, fJgs. 12, 13, as T. radians) and the late TU 999. Fig. 4, USNM 647322;maximumdiameter Miocene beds of the Paraguana Peninsula of 24.0 mm, height 10.0 mm; locality TU 459. Other Venezuela (J ung, 1965, pl. 66, figs. 1,2, as T. occurrences: TV locality nos. 547,548,825,1048. 166 Tulane Studies in Geology and Paleontology Vol. 11

II. CREPIPATELLA several nominal species of Crepipatella in western South America, with ncrepidula" dilatata the first to be named. Broderip (1835, The second group of Calyptraeidae that is p. 202) named two additional forms from of unusual interest in the Chipola Formation Peru as ucrepidula" foliacea and "C. " is the otherwise eastern Pacific s trigata, but large collections made at Crepipatella Lesson, 1830, a relative of Antofagasta, Chile (TU R-226 ), indicate they Crepidula. So far as is known the Chipola are probably all the same species. However, species here described is the first to be Broderip described a third species, recorded outside of that area. However, in "Crepidula" dorsata (1834, p. 38) that is very Cossmann and Peyrot (1919, pl. 14, fig. 11) different from C. dilatata. It is this latter to there is a specimen figured that is said to be which the Chipola species is most nearly Crepidula (]anacus) gibbosa Defrance. This related. illustrated specimen bears little resemblance There is another possible species of to the other two figures supposedly of the Crepipatella in the western Atlantic, same species, and looks suspiciously like the Calyptraea greensboroensis Martin, based on modern "Crepidula" dilatata Lamarck, 1822, one specimen from the middle Miocene of Peru and Chile, type species of Calvert Formation of Maryland (1904, pl. 59, Crepipatella. Unfortunately, only the fig. 3). The illustration shows a shell with a external view is given of this specimen, coiled marginal apex, an ornamentation whereas the principal differentiating pattern much like Crepipatella dilatata, and character between Crepidula and Crepipatella unfortunately a broken septum. It may be a is the nature of the internal septum or deck. In specimen of the group named fustrycapulus Crepidula it is approximately straight across Olsson and Harbison, 1953 (type: Patella but in Crepipatella it is detached along one aculeata Gmelin, 1791) but the nature of the side (see text fig. 5 ). One could take a ornamentation is more like Crepipatella, as is specimen of Crepipatella to be a rugose the portion of the septum that remains. In Crepidula with the septum apparently broken addition, the shell has an almost circular along one side. outline, again more like Crepipatella. Therefore, there may well be a species of Although the Calvert is just slightly younger Crepipatella in the Helvetian of Aquitaine, than the Chipola Formation, there is no but if so it is more closely related to the possibility that the two occurrences are the modern Crepipatella dilatata than to the same species for the Maryland form has a contemporaneous Chipola species. There are completely different type of ornamentation.

PLATE!

Figures Page

1. Calyptraea (Trochita) crenata Gardner (X 3) ...... 165 USNM 136053(holotype) ;maximum diameter 15.6 mm, height 7.0 mm. Locality: USGC 2646 (=TU 91 ). Oak Grove Sand,(?) late lower Miocene.

2. Calyptraea (Trochita) ornata Basterot (X 2) ...... 165 USNM 647324;maximum diameter 25.0 mm, height 11.0 mm. Locality: TU 1051. Chipola Formation, late lower Miocene.

3, 4. Calyptraea (Trochita) costaria Grateloup (X 2) ...... , .. 165 3. USNM 647323; maximum diameter 27.0 mm, height 13.0 mm. Locality: TU 999. Chipola Formation, late lower Miocene. 4. USNM 647322;maximum diameter 24.0 mm, height 10.0 mm. Locality: TU 459. Chipola Formation, late lower Miocene. No.3 Fauna of the Chipola Formation-XVIII 167

PLATE 1 168 Tulane Studies in Geology and Paleontology Vol. 11

Jung (1965, p. 500, pl. 66, figs. 7-9) has scarce, with the exception of large specimens named a species from the Miocene of the of Crucibulum chipolanum Dall in fair Paraguana Peninsula, Venezuela, as numbers. "Crepidula ' (Crepipatella ?)" insculpta that appears to be a form of Crucibulum rather than Crepipatella. The internal septum is CREPIPATELLA APPRIMUS distinctly depressed into an apical hollow and E. H. Vokes, n. sp. this, combined with the total lack of external sculpture, suggests a species very near Plate 2, figs. 1, 2 Crucibulum (Dispotaea) constrictum Description; Shell flattened patelloid, very (Conrad, 1842). irregular in outline but generally about the same in The type lot of Crepipatella apprimus n. maximum and minimum diameter. Protoconch sp., consists of over 100 specimens, all but small, of about one and one-half highly polished four from a single locality in the Chipola-TU whorls, in almost the same plane as the remainder of 555. The environment of this particular area the shell but placed nearer to one edge than to the center. A small smooth raised part encircling the must have been somewhat unusual, for found polished portion of the protoconch, like a small cap, here are several species, e.g. , Neritopsis ending abruptly at a "drop-ofP' into the stronger vokesorum Hoerle, which are confined external ornamentation, which consists of strong essentially to this locality, with perhaps a few costae radiating out from th e apex. Ornamentation specimens also being taken at TU 54 7. The extremely variable, the number of costae ranging from about 12 to 20, increasing with larger size by latter we know to have been a coral reef; intercalation. The costae nodulated along their whole coral heads abound at the site. length at irregular intervals in accord with the Geographically TU 555 is about one-quarter concentric groWth-lines that ring the apex; outer mile away but its exact relationship to the reef margin crenulatcd by the raised costae. Internal is uncertain. There is some coral present, but platform similar to that of Crepidula but more cup-like, and detached along one margin. only limited amounts compared with TU 54 7, Dimensions of holotype: maximum diameter and the fauna has many otherwise unknown 14.4 mm, diameter at rightangles to maximum, 12.5 species. The Trochacea are particularly well mm, height 3.5 mm. represented with numerous specimens of Holotype' USNM 647 331. Calliostoma spp., Tegula cf. T. fasciata Type locality: TU 555, east bank of Chipola River, about 1,000 feet above Four Mile Creek (SW (Born), Turbo cf. T. haraldi Robertson, Turbo %Sec. 29, TIN, R9W),Calhoun County, Florida. cf. T. canaliculatus (Hermann) to mention Occurrence: Chipola Formation, Florida; late only a few. Calyptraeidae on the whole are lower Miocene.

PLATE 2 Figures Page

1, 2. Crepipatellaapprimus E. H. Vokes, n. sp...... 168 1. (X 4) USNM647331 (holotype);maximum diameter 14.4 mm, height 3.5 mm. 2. (X7) USNM 647332 (paratype);maximum diameter 7.0 mm, height 2.5 mm. Locality: TU 555. Chipola Formation, late lower Miocene.

3. Cheileaequ.estris (Linne) (X4) ...... 171 USNM 647325 ;maximum diameter 12.8 mm, height 4.5 mm. Locality: TU 54 7. Chipola Formation, late lower Miocene.

4 - 6. uncinata (Reeve) ...... 171 4. (X 5) USNM 647326;maximum diameter 10.5 mm, height4.3 mm. Locality: TU 459. Chipola Formation, late lower Miocene. 5. (X 2) USNM 647327;maximum diameter (incomplete) 24.0mm, height 10.3 mm. Locality: TU 821. Chipola Formation, late lower Miocene. 6. (X 3) USNM 739424 ;maximum diameter 18.4 mm, height 10.0 mm. Locality: TU R-180, Masachapa, western Nicaragua. Recent. No. 3 Fauna of the Chipola Formation-XVIII 169

PLATE2 170 Tular~e Studies in Geology and Paleontology Vol. ll

Figured specimens: Fig. 1, USNM 647331 is considered desirable then C. stella (Reeve, (holotype). Fig. 2, USNM 647332 (paratype); 1858), described from Belice (formerly maximum diameter 7.0 mm, diameter at right angles to maximum, 6.5 mm, height 2.5 mm; locality TU British Honduras), could be recognized. 555. Other occurrences: TU locality nos. 459, 547. has previously been reported from the Pleistocene of Florida by Discussion: This new species is Hoerle (1970, p. 62) and the Caloosahatchee characterized by its small size, the holotype Formation by Dall (1892, p. 348). Jung also being the largest specimen seen, and by its reported it from the Pliocene Matura very irregular ornamentation. Crepipatella Formation of Trinidad (1969, p. 469), dilatata, the type of the genus, has more Woodring figured one of several specimens numerous, finer radial costulae and its overall from the Bowden Formation of Jamaica outline is more akin to Crepidula, being longer (1928, p. 375, pl. 30, Hgs. 1, 2),anditoccurs than wide. The nearest form is the Recent in the Pliocene Agueguexquite Formation of West Coast species C. dorsata (Broderip ), Mexico (TU 638). Perrilliat recently has which differs mainly in the shape of the figured a specimen from the middle Miocene septum. In C. dorsata the free edge is nearly of Santa Rosa, Veracruz, Mexico (1972, p. 59, stright but in C. apprimus it is deeply curved pl. 26, figs. 1-4 ). The specimen here figured forward. from the Chipola Formation is thus the oldest record of the species in the western Atlantic, III. CHEILEA for on the basis of one specimen there is no specific difference to be observed between the The third genus-group of Calyptraeidae lower Miocene and the Recent forms. This is here reported for the first time in the Chipola not unexpected, however, as Cheilea Formation is Cheilea Modeer, 1793 (type boutillieri (Cossmann, 1888) from the middle species: Patella equestris Linne, s.d., Eocene of the Paris Basin is so nearly the same Woodring, 1928, p. 374 ). Although primarily it should probably also be considered the an Indo-Pacific genus, there are representatives in both the Caribbean and same species. the eastern Pacific. The nomenclature of In addition to Cheilea equestris, there is a Cheilea has been complicated greatly by second species of this genus in the Chipola, authors who seemingly did not recognize the which is the same as the modern Carib bean C. variation within a species. Reeve (1858 ), uncinata (Reeve, 1858). This species too has who monographed the group (under the an Eocene ancestor, C. bernayi (Cossmann, generic name Calyptraea), included 17 1885), from the upper Eocene of the Paris species from the Philippine Islands alone. Basin. C. uncinata may be distinguished Other authors have gone to the opposite from C. equestris by its more regularly oval extreme and placed almost all of the species outline, its finer ornamentation, and its in synonymy. The truth undoubtedly lies larger internal process. Clearly this is a very somewhere in between, but the author does conservative group with the two lines of not have the comparative material necessary descent from the Eocene almost unchanged for such a study. The name for the most today. Although Keen (1971) lists no common Caribbean form is usually cited as eastern Pacific equivalent of the C. C equestris (Linne), nominally an uncinata~bernayi line, one specimen :&om Indo-Pacific species. Whether this species has Masachapa, western Nicaragua (TU R-180), world-wide tropical distribution or whether in the Tulane Collections is apparently the Caribbean form is different is not referable to C. uncinata (pl. 2, fig. 6 ). known. In any case, it seems certain that the Gardner had a single specimen of this shell eastern Pacific C. cepacea (Broderip, 1834) from the at Shell is the same as this Caribbean specie~; Bluff, Shoal River, Florida. She named it as a therefore should C. equestris prove new species, Cheilea dryas (1947, p. 570, pl. unacceptable for the Caribbean form then C. 57, figs. 20, 21),but there is no reason to cepacea is available. If geographic separation separate it from the Recent C. uncinata. No. 3 Fauna of the Chipola Formation-XVIIl 171

CHEILEA EQUESTRIS (Linne) 459. Chipola Fm., east bank of Chipola River, steep bank about 1500 feet above the mouth of Taylor Plate 2, fig. 3 Lake B

The following are Tulane University fossil The following are Tulane University locality numbers: Recent locality numbers:

91. Oak Grove Sand, type locality, west bank of R-226. On rocks in front of Hotel Antofagasta, Yellow River, about 100 yards below bridge at Antofagasta, Chile. Oak G'ove (NE '4 Sec. 20, T5N, R23W), R-180. Beach collection, Masachapa, Nicaragua OkaloosaCo., Florida. (Pacific Ocean). 172 Tulane Studies in Geology ar~d Paleontology Vol. 11

LITERATURE CITED NICKLES, MAURICE, 1950, Mollusques testacCs marins de Ia cOte occidentale d'Afrique: Manuels BRODERIP, W. J., 1834, Description of Ouest-Africains, v. 2, 269 p., 464 figs. several new species of Calyptracidae: Zoo!. Soc. OLSSON, A. A., and R. E. PETIT, 1964, Some London, Proc. for 1834, p. 35--40. Neogene Mollusca from Florida and the BRODE RIP, W. ]., 1835, Descriptions of some new Carolinas: Bulls. Amer. Paleontology, v. 47, no. species of Calyptraeidae: Zoot. Soc. London, 217, p. 509-574, pis. 77-83. Trans., v. I, p. 195-206, pis. 27- 29. PALMER, K. V. W., 1963, Trochus conchyliophorus COSSMANN, A. E. M., and A. PEYROT, 1919, Born, 1780, a junior objective synonym of Turbo Conchologie NeogCnique de I'Aquitaine, v. 3 trochiformis Born, 1778, Z.N.(S.) 1483' Bull. (Gastropodes), livr. 2, p. 385-695, pis. 11 - 17 Zoo!. Nomencl., v. 20, pt. 1, p. 1-9,5 figs. [extracted from Soc. Linn. Bordeaux, Actcs, v. PERRILLIAT [MONTOYA], M.C., 1972, 70]. Monografia de los Moluscos del Mioceno medio DALL, W. H., 1892, Contributions to the Tertiary de Santa Rosa, Verzcruz, Mexico. Parte l fauna of Florida: Wagner Free Inst. Sci., Trans., v. (Gasteropodos: Fissurellidae a Olividae): 3, pL 2, p. 201-47 3, pis. 13-22, I map. Palcontologia Mcxicana, no. 32, 119 p., 51 pis., 1 DALL, W. H., 1915, A monograph of themoUuscan map. fauna of the Orthaulax pugnax zone of the REEVE, L.A., 1858, Conchologia Iconica, v. 11, Oligocene of Tampa, Florida: U.S. Natl. Mus., Calyptraea, 8 pis. Bull. 90, 17 3 p., 26 pis. REHDER, H. A., 9143, The molluscan genus GARDNER, JULIA, 1947, The molluscan fauna of Trochita Schumacher with a note on Bicatillus the Alum Bluff Group of Florida, Part 8: U. S. Swainson: Bioi. Soc. Washington, Proc., v. 56, p. Geol. Surv. Prof. Paper 142-H, p. 493- 656, pis. 41 - 46, pl. 3. 52-62. RICHARDS, H. G., and ANNE HARBISON, 1942, HOERLE, S. E., 1970, Mollusca of the "Glades" Miocene invertebrate fauna of New Jersey: A cad. Unit of southern Florida, Part ll: List of Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc., v. 94, p. 167-250, pis. molluscan species from the Belle Glade Rock Pit, 7-22. Palm Beach County, Florida: Tulane Stud. Geol. ROBERTSON, ROBERT, 1963, Further comments Paleont., v. 8, no. 2, p. 56-68. on the name of the type-species of Xenophora JUNG, PETER, 1965, Miocene Mollusca from the Fischer von Waldheim, 1807: Bull. ZooL Paraguani Peninsula, Venezuela: Bulls. Amer. Nomcncl.,v.20,pt.1, p.l1-l4. Paleontology, v. 49, no. 223, p. 385-652, pis. WOODRING, W. P., 1928, Miocene mollusks from ·50-79, 2 tables, 2 text figs. Bowden, Jamaica; part 2, Gastropods and JUNG, PETER, 1969, Miocene and Pliocene discussion of results: Carnegie Inst. Washington, mollusks from Trinidad: Bulls. Amer. Pub!. 385,564 p., 40 pis. Paleontology, v. 55, no. 247, p. 289-657, pi& WOODRING, W. P., 1957, Geology and 13-60, text figs. l--4. paleontology of Canal Zone and adjoining parts KEEN, A. M., 1971, Sea shells of tropical west of Panama; Geology and description of Tertiary America, Marine mollusks from Baja California to Mollusks (Gastropods: Trochidae to Peru. Second Edition. Stanford, California. 1064 Turritellidae): U. S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Paper p., 22 color plates, ca. 4,000 figures, 6 maps. 306·A,p.l-145,pls.1-23,4figures. MARINCOVICH, LOUIE, JR., 1973, Intertidal WOODRING, W. P., 1973, Geology and mollusks of lquique, Chile: Nat. Hist. Mus. Los paleontology of Canal Zone and adjoining parts Angeles County, Sci. Bull. 16, 49 p., 102 figs., 1 of Panama; Description of Tertiary Mollusks map. (Additions to gastropods, scaphopods, MARTIN, G. C. in W. B. CLARK et aL, 1904, pelecypods: Nuculidac to Malleidae): U.S. Geol. Maryland Geological Survey. Miocene. clv + 543 Surv. Prof. Paper 306-E, p. 453- 539, pis. 67- 82. p., 135 pis.

February 5, 1975

HECE:\IT BOOJ..:S

STATISTICAL METHODS FOR THE PETROGENESIS OF METAMORPHIC EARTH SCIENTIST: An Introduction, ROCKS, by Helmut G . F. Winkler. Pub­ by Roger Till. Published by Halstead lished by Springer-Verlag, New York, Press, a division of John Wiley & Sons, Heid elberg, Berlin, 1974, Third Edition, New York, Toronto, 1974, ix + 154 pp., xi+ 320 pp., illus., $9.80 illus., $11.75