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Martha Miriam Murillo Talavera

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Martha Miriam Murillo Talavera UNIVERSIDAD MICHOACANA DE SAN NICOLÁS DE HIDALGO PROGRAMA INSTITUCIONAL DE MAESTRÍA EN CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS ÁREA TEMÁTICA DE FISIOLOGÍA Y GENÉTICA VEGETAL DESARROLLO in vitro DE MICROPLANTAS DE Oncidium tigrinum Y Laelia autumnalis ILUMINADAS CON DIODOS EMISORES DE LUZ (LEDs) TESIS QUE PRESENTA MARTHA MIRIAM MURILLO TALAVERA COMO REQUISITO PARA OBTENER EL GRADO DE MAESTRÍA EN CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS TUTORA MARTHA ELENA PEDRAZA SANTOS DOCTORA EN CIENCIAS EN FISIOLOGÍA VEGETAL URUAPAN, MICHOACÁN. FEBRERO 2016 CONTENIDO ÍNDICE DE CUADROS............................................................................................................. vii ÍNDICE DE FIGURAS............................................................................................................... x I. RESUMEN GENERAL.......................................................................................................... 1 II. SUMMARY............................................................................................................................. 4 III. INTRODUCCIÓN GENERAL........................................................................................... 7 IV. REVISIÓN DE LITERATURA GENERAL...................................................................... 12 4.1 Generalidades de Oncidium tigrinum y Laelia autumnalis.......................................... 12 4.1.1 Oncidium tigrinum............................................................................................... 12 4.1.2 Laelia autumnalis................................................................................................ 13 4.2 Micropropagación.......................................................................................................... 15 4.3 Condiciones de incubación............................................................................................ 16 4.4 Luz tubular fluorescente (LTFs).................................................................................... 17 4.5 Diodos emisores de luz (LEDs)..................................................................................... 17 4.6 Iluminación LED en tejidos in vitro.............................................................................. 20 4.7 Tipos de foto-receptor y otras moléculas que absorben la energía lumínica.............. 22 4.7.1 Clorofilas............................................................................................................. 24 i 4.7.2 Carotenoides........................................................................................................ 25 4.7.3 Criptocromos....................................................................................................... 25 4.7.4 Fitocromos........................................................................................................... 26 4.8 Instrumentos de medición de la luz............................................................................... 26 V. BIBLIOGRAFÍA GENERAL............................................................................................... 28 CAPÍTULO I. GERMINACIÓN in vitro DE Oncidium tigrinum y Laelia autumnalis BAJO DIFERENTE CALIDAD DE LUZ LED RESUMEN............................................................................................................... 36 SUMMARY............................................................................................................. 37 I. INTRODUCCIÓN..................................................................................................... 38 II. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS................................................................................ 40 2.1 Material vegetal............................................................................................... 40 2.2 Medio de cultivo.............................................................................................. 40 2.3 Establecimiento del experimento..................................................................... 40 2.4 Tratamientos evaluados y diseño experimental............................................... 41 2.5 Etapas de germinación de las semillas............................................................. 42 2.6 Variables evaluadas......................................................................................... 43 ii 2.7 Análisis de datos.............................................................................................. 43 III. RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIÓN............................................................................ 44 3.1 Imbibición de las semillas............................................................................... 44 3.2 Diferenciación de protocormos y formación de primordios foliares............... 44 IV. CONCLUSIONES.................................................................................................. 53 V. BIBLIOGRAFÍA..................................................................................................... 54 CAPÍTULO II. CALIDAD DE LUZ LED Y DESARROLLO in vitro DE Oncidium tigrinum Y Laelia autumnalis (ORCHIDACEAE) RESUMEN............................................................................................................... 58 SUMMARY............................................................................................................. 59 I. INTRODUCCIÓN..................................................................................................... 60 II. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS................................................................................ 62 2.1 Material vegetal............................................................................................... 62 2.2 Medio de cultivo.............................................................................................. 62 2.3 Establecimiento del experimento..................................................................... 62 2.4 Diseño experimental y tratamientos................................................................ 63 2.5 Variables evaluadas......................................................................................... 64 iii 2.6 Análisis de datos.............................................................................................. 65 III. RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIÓN............................................................................ 66 3.1 Desarrollo de Oncidium tigrinum.................................................................... 66 3.2 Desarrollo de Laelia autumnalis...................................................................... 70 IV. CONCLUSIONES.................................................................................................. 76 V. BIBLIOGRAFÍA..................................................................................................... 77 CAPÍTULO III. INTENSIDAD DE LUZ SOBRE LA GERMINACIÓN in vitro DE Oncidium tigrinum y Laelia autumnalis RESUMEN............................................................................................................... 81 SUMMARY............................................................................................................. 82 I. INTRODUCCIÓN..................................................................................................... 83 II. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS................................................................................ 85 2.1 Material vegetal............................................................................................... 85 2.2 Medio de cultivo.............................................................................................. 85 2.3 Establecimiento del experimento..................................................................... 85 2.4 Tratamientos evaluados y diseño experimental............................................... 85 2.5 Etapas de germinación de semillas.................................................................. 86 iv 2.6 Variables evaluadas......................................................................................... 87 2.7 Análisis de datos.............................................................................................. 87 III. RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIÓN............................................................................ 89 3.1 Efecto de la intensidad de la luz en la germinación de semillas de Oncidium tigrinum.................................................................................................................. 89 3.1.1 Imbibición de las semillas........................................................................ 89 3.1.2 Diferenciación de protocormos y formación de primordios foliares............................................................................................................... 89 3.2 Efecto de la intensidad de la luz en la germinación de semillas de Laelia autumnalis.............................................................................................................. 92 3.2.1 Imbibición de las semillas........................................................................ 92 3.2.2 Diferenciación de protocormos y formación de primordios foliares....... 93 IV. CONCLUSIONES.................................................................................................. 97 V. BIBLIOGRAFÍA..................................................................................................... 98 CAPÍTULO IV. INTENSIDAD DE LUZ LED Y DESARROLLO in vitro DE PLÁNTULAS DE Oncidium tigrinum Y Laelia autumnalis RESUMEN..............................................................................................................
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