ACCRETION INTO and EMISSION from BLACK HOLES Thesis By
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Chairman of the Opening Session
The Universe had (probably) an origin: on singularity theorems & quantum fluctuations Emilio Elizalde ICE/CSIC & IEEC Campus UAB, Barcelona Cosmology and the Quantum Vacuum III, Benasque, Sep 4-10, 2016 Some facts (a few rather surprising...) • Adam Riess, NP 2011, at Starmus (Tenerife), about Hubble: • “Hubble obtained the distances and redshifts of distant nebulae…” • “Hubble discovered that the Universe was expanding…” • No mention to Vesto Slipher, an extraordinary astronomer • Brian Schmidt, NP 2011, at Starmus (Tenerife) & Lisa Randall, Harvard U, in Barcelona, about Einstein: SHOES- • “Einstein was the first to think about the possibility of a ‘dark energy’…” Supernovae • No mention to Fritz Zwicky, another extraordinary astronomer • Fritz Zwicky discovered dark matter in the early 1930s while studying how galaxies move within the Coma Cluster • He was also the first to postulate and use nebulae as gravitational lenses (1937) • How easily* brilliant astronomers get dismissed • How easily* scientific myths arise *in few decades How did the “Big Bang” get its name ? http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/space/universe/scientists/fred_hoyle • Sir Fred Hoyle (1915–2001) English astronomer noted primarily for the theory of stellar nucleosynthesis (1946,54 groundbreaking papers) • Work on Britain's radar project with Hermann Bondi and Thomas Gold • William Fowler NP’83: “The concept of nucleosynthesis in stars was first established by Hoyle in 1946” • He found the idea universe had a beginning to be pseudoscience, also arguments for a creator, “…for it's an irrational process, and can't be described in scientific terms”; “…belief in the first page of Genesis” • Hoyle-Gold-Bondi 1948 steady state theory, “creation or C-field” • BBC radio's Third Programme broadcast on 28 Mar 1949: “… for this to happen you would need such a Big Bang!” Thus: Big Bang = Impossible blow!! But now: Big Bang ≈ Inflation ! • Same underlying physics as in steady state theory, “creation or C-field” • Richard C. -
What Is the Universe Made Of? How Old Is the Universe?
What is the Universe made of? How old is it? Charles H. Lineweaver University of New South Wales ABSTRACT For the past 15 years most astronomers have assumed that 95% of the Universe was in some mysterious form of cold dark matter. They also assumed that the cosmo- logical constant, ΩΛ, was Einstein’s biggest blunder and could be ignored. However, recent measurements of the cosmic microwave background combined with other cos- mological observations strongly suggest that 75% of the Universe is made of cosmo- logical constant (vacuum energy), while only 20% is made of non-baryonic cold dark matter. Normal baryonic matter, the stuff most physicists study, makes up about 5% of the Universe. If these results are correct, an unknown 75% of the Universe has been identified. Estimates of the age of the Universe depend upon what it is made of. Thus, our new inventory gives us a new age for the Universe: 13.4 ± 1.6 Gyr. “The history of cosmology shows us that in every age devout people believe that they have at last discovered the true nature of the Universe.” (E. Harrison in Cosmology: The Science of the Universe 1981) 1 Progress A few decades ago cosmology was laughed at for being the only science with no data. Cosmology was theory-rich but data-poor. It attracted armchair enthusiasts spouting speculations without data to test them. It was the only science where the errors could be kept in the exponents – where you could set the speed of light c =1, not for dimensionless convenience, but because the observations were so poor that it didn’t matter. -
Tinkering with Time the NEW TIME TRAVELERS: a JOURNEY to the on Our FRONTIERS of PHYSICS by DAVID TOOMEY Bookshelf W
BOOKS & ARTS Tinkering with time THE NEW TIME TRAVELERS: A JOURNEY TO THE On our FRONTIERS OF PHYSICS BY DAVID TOOMEY bookshelf W. W. Norton & Co.: 2007. 320 pp. $25.95 Years ago, David Toomey picked up H. G. Wells’ moving clocks tick slowly, making time travel The Time Machine and couldn’t put it down. to the future possible. We now know a number The Mathematics of He was most interested in the drawing-room of solutions to Einstein’s equations of general Egypt, Mesopotamia, discussion between the time traveller and his relativity (1915) that are sufficiently twisted to China, India, and Islam: friends in which time as a fourth dimension was allow time travel to the past: Kurt Gödel’s 1949 A Sourcebook discussed, but wanted to know more about just rotating universe; the Morris–Thorne–Yurtsever edited by Victor J. Katz how that time machine might work. Toomey was wormhole (1988); the Tipler–van Stockum infinite therefore delighted to learn that that drawing- rotating cylinder, moving cosmic strings (myself), Princeton Univ. Press: room conversation continues today — this time the rotating black-hole interior (Brandon Carter), 2007. 685 pp. $75 among physicists. a Roman ring of wormholes (Matt Visser), the We’re aware that Toomey captures well the personalities Everett–Alcubierre warp drive, my and Li–Xin Li’s the ancient cultures of the ‘new time travelers’ — those physicists self-creating universe; Amos Ori’s torus; and were mathematically interested in whether time travel to the past is others. The book discusses all of these. advanced. Now possible — from Stephen Hawking’s sense of But can a time machine really be constructed? translations of early texts humour to Kip Thorne’s penchant for placing Hawking, like one of the time traveller’s sceptical from five key regions are scientific bets. -
Vancouver Institute: an Experiment in Public Education
1 2 The Vancouver Institute: An Experiment in Public Education edited by Peter N. Nemetz JBA Press University of British Columbia Vancouver, B.C. Canada V6T 1Z2 1998 3 To my parents, Bel Newman Nemetz, B.A., L.L.D., 1915-1991 (Pro- gram Chairman, The Vancouver Institute, 1973-1990) and Nathan T. Nemetz, C.C., O.B.C., Q.C., B.A., L.L.D., 1913-1997 (President, The Vancouver Institute, 1960-61), lifelong adherents to Albert Einstein’s Credo: “The striving after knowledge for its own sake, the love of justice verging on fanaticism, and the quest for personal in- dependence ...”. 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION: 9 Peter N. Nemetz The Vancouver Institute: An Experiment in Public Education 1. Professor Carol Shields, O.C., Writer, Winnipeg 36 MAKING WORDS / FINDING STORIES 2. Professor Stanley Coren, Department of Psychology, UBC 54 DOGS AND PEOPLE: THE HISTORY AND PSYCHOLOGY OF A RELATIONSHIP 3. Professor Wayson Choy, Author and Novelist, Toronto 92 THE IMPORTANCE OF STORY: THE HUNGER FOR PERSONAL NARRATIVE 4. Professor Heribert Adam, Department of Sociology and 108 Anthropology, Simon Fraser University CONTRADICTIONS OF LIBERATION: TRUTH, JUSTICE AND RECONCILIATION IN SOUTH AFRICA 5. Professor Harry Arthurs, O.C., Faculty of Law, Osgoode 132 Hall, York University GLOBALIZATION AND ITS DISCONTENTS 6. Professor David Kennedy, Department of History, 154 Stanford University IMMIGRATION: WHAT THE U.S. CAN LEARN FROM CANADA 7. Professor Larry Cuban, School of Education, Stanford 172 University WHAT ARE GOOD SCHOOLS, AND WHY ARE THEY SO HARD TO GET? 5 8. Mr. William Thorsell, Editor-in-Chief, The Globe and 192 Mail GOOD NEWS, BAD NEWS: POWER IN CANADIAN MEDIA AND POLITICS 9. -
What's Inside
Newsletter A publication of the Controlled Release Society Volume 33 • Number 1 • 2016 What’s Inside Modern Drug–Medical Device Combination Products Controlled Release of Levofloxacin from Vitamin E Loaded Silicone- Hydrogel Contact Lenses Encapsulation of Gold Nanoparticles to Visualize Intracellular Localization of Lipid and Polymer-Based Nanocarriers The One Health Initiative and Its Impact on Drug Development DDTR Update Chapter News Controlled Release Society Annual Meeting & Exposition July 17–20, 2016 Seattle, Washington, U.S.A. COLLABORATE CONNECT INNOVATE Registration Opens in March! Visit controlledreleasesociety.org for the latest details. Don’t miss out on the must-attend event in delivery science and technology! This is your opportunity to: • Learn about cutting-edge research and innovation • Meet esteemed industry experts, researchers, and young scientists • Build your network and collaborate controlledreleasesociety.org Newsletter Charles Frey Vol. 33 • No. 1 • 2016 Editor > TABLE OF CONTENTS 4 From the Editor 5 Preclinical Sciences & Animal Health The One Health Initiative and Its Impact on Drug Development Steven Giannos Editor 8 Special Feature Modern Drug-Medical Device Combination Products 10 Scientifically Speaking Controlled Release of Levofloxacin from Vitamin E Loaded Silicone-Hydrogel Contact Lenses 12 Scientifically Speaking Encapsulation of Gold Nanoparticles to Visualize Intracellular Arlene McDowell Localization of Lipid and Polymer-Based Nanocarriers Editor 15 CRS Foundation 2016 Allan Hoffman Student Travel Grant Program 16 Chapter News Drug Delivery Australia 18 Chapter News Rheology: How to Get into the Flow Bozena Michniak-Kohn 20 Chapter News Editor Micro- and Nanotechnologies to Overcome Biological Barriers: Eighth Annual CRS Italy Local Chapter Workshop 22 DDTR Update Drug Delivery and Translational Research Update 24 People in the News 25 Companies in the News Yvonne Perrie Editor Cover image: ©krugloff / Shutterstock.com Rod Walker Editor 3 > FROM THE EDITOR Editors Charles Frey Steven Giannos Roderick B. -