Universidade Federal Da Bahia Metallica Sob a Perspectiva Dos

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Universidade Federal Da Bahia Metallica Sob a Perspectiva Dos UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DA BAHIA FACULDADE DE COMUNICAÇÃO CURSO DE COMUNICAÇÃO SOCIAL HABILITAÇÃO: PRODUÇÃO EM COMUNICAÇÃO E CULTURA CAMILA HELENA BARBOSA METALLICA SOB A PERSPECTIVA DOS FÃS: A CRÍTICA NO WHIPLASH.NET. Salvador 2015.1 CAMILA HELENA BARBOSA METALLICA SOB A PERSPECTIVA DOS FÃS: A CRÍTICA NO WHIPLASH.NET. Trabalho de conclusão de curso apresentado ao curso de Comunicação com habilitação em Produção em Comunicação e Cultura, Faculdade de Comunicação, Universidade Federal da Bahia, como requisito parcial para obtenção do grau de Bacharel em Comunicação. Orientador: Prof. Guilherme Maia de Jesus Salvador 2015.1 AGRADECIMENTOS Aos meus pais, Carmo e Lenice, pelos ensinamentos, apoio, conselhos e por terem me dado o mais importante, o dom da vida. Por estarem ao meu lado durante minhas caminhadas e nesta longa jornada na faculdade. A minha irmã, Cristiane, que tanto me apoia. Obrigada por estar sempre pronta a me ouvir e me aconselhar, além de ter fornecido espaço e ferramentas para que eu pudesse realizar este e tantos outros trabalhos da faculdade. E, como não poderia faltar, MUITO OBRIGADA por ser minha companheira nos shows do Metallica e suportar toda a loucura. Ao meu irmão, Cássio, por ter colocado Metallica para a casa toda ouvir inúmeras vezes. Mesmo odiando durante tantos anos, um dia aprendi o que é bom de verdade, não é mesmo? Ao meu amigo Alexandre Souza, pelo companheirismo durante toda minha estada acadêmica. Obrigada pela paciência, por me ajudar a encontrar um caminho em meio a tantas confusões, a tirar tantas dúvidas. Pelas nossas conversas, risadas e a todos os momentos que pudemos compartilhar. Foi um enorme prazer ter estado com você. Ao meu orientador, Prof. Guilherme Maia, por ter aceitado o convite para orientar a "fã do Metallica". Obrigada pela paciência e pelas conversas tão proveitosas. A Profª. Drª. Annamaria Jatobá Palácios por sua sensibilidade e exímio conhecimento que me foi de extrema importância durante o anteprojeto. Também por sua atenção e interesse sobre o encaminhamento do meu TCC durante os semestres que se seguiram. A todos os mestres que fizeram parte da minha vida acadêmica, cujos ensinamentos fizeram parte do meu crescimento intelectual e pessoal. A todos os meus colegas que contribuíram de algum modo em minha estadia na faculdade. We got the metal madness When our fans start screaming It's right well alright When we start to rock We never want to stop again Metallica – Hit the Lights (1983) RESUMO O presente trabalho de conclusão de curso analisa as críticas dos fãs brasileiros a três álbuns do Metallica (Black Album (1991), St. Anger (2003) e Death Magnetic (2008)) publicadas no site Wihplash.net, onde será identificado o modo como estes álbuns e a banda Metallica são vistos pelo seu público. Para isso, faz-se necessário entendermos a importância do Metallica através de um breve histórico de sua carreira, além de utilizarmos conceitos sobre a crítica para entendermos o papel da crítica musical e do público nos meios virtuais. Palavras-chave: Rock; Metallica; Crítica musical; Música popular massiva; Fãs brasileiros. ABSTRACT The present final paper analyses the critics from brazilian fans to three albums of Metallica (Black Album (1991), St. Anger (2003) and Death Magnetic (2008)), published in Whiplash.net site, which it will be identified how these albums and the band Metallica are seen by its audience. For this, it is necessary to understand the importance of Metallica with a brief history of its career, in addition we use concepts about critics to understanding the role of music critics and audiences in virtual environments. Keywords: Rock; Metallica; Musical critics; Massive popular music; Brazilian fans. LISTA DE ILUSTRAÇÕES Figura 1 Atual formação do Metallica (2013) .................................................... 25 Figura 2 Capa do álbum Black Album ............................................................... 47 Figura 3 Capa do álbum St. Anger .................................................................... 51 Figura 4 Capa do álbum Death Magnetic .......................................................... 55 SUMÁRIO 1. INTRODUÇÃO ....................................................................................................... 9 1.1 Problema de pesquisa ........................................................................................ 11 1.2 Crítica, música massiva e história: um horizonte teórico ................................... 12 1.3 Objetivos e Justificativa ...................................................................................... 13 1.4 Metodologia ........................................................................................................ 16 2. CRÍTICA MUSICAL E OS MEIOS VIRTUAIS ...................................................... 17 3. METALLICA – HISTÓRICO ................................................................................. 24 4. METALLICA SOB A PERSPECTIVA DOS FÃS BRASILEIROS ....................... 43 4.1 Site Whiplash.net ................................................................................................ 43 4.2 O fã ..................................................................................................................... 44 4.3 Análise das críticas dos fãs brasileiros ............................................................... 46 4.3.1 Metallica (The Black Album) ............................................................................ 47 4.3.2 St. Anger .......................................................................................................... 51 4.3.3 Death Magnetic ............................................................................................... 55 5. CONCLUSÃO ………………………………………………………………….………. 60 6. REFERÊNCIAS ……………….............................................................................. 65 9 1. INTRODUÇÃO A partir da década de 20, em consequência do advento dos aparelhos de reprodução sonora como o toca-discos e o rádio, o consumo da música se intensificou e, com isso, configurou-se a ideia de “música popular massiva”, ou seja, o encontro da cultura popular com os artefatos midiáticos. [...] em termos mediáticos, pode-se relacionar a configuração da música popular massiva ao desenvolvimento dos aparelhos de reprodução e gravação musical, o que envolve as lógicas mercadológicas da indústria fonográfica, os suportes de circulação das canções e os diferentes modos de execução, audição e circulações audiovisuais relacionados a essa estrutura. (JANOTTI JÚNIOR, 2004, p. 2) A música produzida no século XXI só pode ser compreendida quando se leva em consideração seu entorno comunicacional. Segundo Janotti Junior e Nogueira (2010, p. 1), esse entorno engloba desde os artefatos que permitem a produção, gravação, reprodução e circulação da música, até seus aspectos sociais, ou seja, além de ouvir música, conversamos sobre predileções e desgostos musicais, afirmamos identidades e aferimos julgamentos de valor. Assim, dentro dos elementos presentes no consumo da música, estre trabalho irá tratar do elemento capaz de aferir valor, a crítica musical que, além desta característica, “sua função vai de informar e criar uma identidade a um determinado contexto de produção e consumo, além de documentar para a história” (MARQUES DE MELLO, 2003, apud NOGUEIRA, 2011, p. 138). Com a chegada da internet e seu gigante leque de possibilidades, a crítica musical, assim como todo o jornalismo, migram para os meios virtuais. A crítica musical, antes praticada pelo jornalismo tradicional, agora, com o surgimento de blogs, por exemplo, passam a ser feitas por fãs. Deste modo, o processo da crítica passa por “um fenômeno de remediação graças à Internet. Assim como o consumidor não está mais limitado a comprar para ouvir um produto musical, ele não segue, necessariamente, a orientação ao consumo feita pela crítica em jornais e revistas especializadas.” (NOGUEIRA, 2011, p. 143). A música faz parte de uma indústria que reproduz infinitamente uma mesma obra, transformando-a em produto de consumo. O público, por sua vez, detém hoje a tecnologia para distribuir essa mesma obra em quantidade exponencial. E, se em um primeiro momento, em sites de compartilhamento [...], essa prática tem um caráter inato mais genérico; nos blogs essa é uma prática ligada diretamente ao valor. (NOGUEIRA, 2011, p. 145) 10 Com esta ferramenta nas mãos dos fãs, a prática da crítica vem crescendo não somente em blogs como também sites, como é o caso do Whiplash.net. O Whiplash, que será a principal fonte de resenhas para este trabalho, é o mais antigo site de rock e heavy metal do Brasil e suas matérias e resenhas são escritas por colaboradores voluntários sem qualquer vínculo com outro site. Primeiro grande fenômeno de massa em escala mundial, dirigido ao público jovem, da indústria fonográfica, o rock’n roll nasce nos Estados Unidos, nos anos 1950, reverbera forte na Inglaterra nos anos 1960 e estabelece as bases para o surgimento de muitas outras manifestações musicais que se enquadram na chave do que hoje conhecemos como rock. O heavy metal, que tem suas raízes em bandas como o Led Zeppelin e Black Sabbath, no final dos anos 1960, é um dos gêneros1 que habitam este vasto reino do rock. No que diz respeito aos aspectos musicais, o heavy metal pode ser definido pelo timbre saturado e distorcido dos instrumentos eletrônicos amplificados, riffs e power chords2 de guitarra na região grave, bumbo da bateria e baixo “pesados”, graves, ativos e com destaque na mixagem. Outro aspecto
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