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Briefing Paper
NEW ISSUES IN REFUGEE RESEARCH Working Paper No. 65 Pastoral society and transnational refugees: population movements in Somaliland and eastern Ethiopia 1988 - 2000 Guido Ambroso UNHCR Brussels E-mail : [email protected] August 2002 Evaluation and Policy Analysis Unit Evaluation and Policy Analysis Unit United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees CP 2500, 1211 Geneva 2 Switzerland E-mail: [email protected] Web Site: www.unhcr.org These working papers provide a means for UNHCR staff, consultants, interns and associates to publish the preliminary results of their research on refugee-related issues. The papers do not represent the official views of UNHCR. They are also available online under ‘publications’ at <www.unhcr.org>. ISSN 1020-7473 Introduction The classical definition of refugee contained in the 1951 Refugee Convention was ill- suited to the majority of African refugees, who started fleeing in large numbers in the 1960s and 1970s. These refugees were by and large not the victims of state persecution, but of civil wars and the collapse of law and order. Hence the 1969 OAU Refugee Convention expanded the definition of “refugee” to include these reasons for flight. Furthermore, the refugee-dissidents of the 1950s fled mainly as individuals or in small family groups and underwent individual refugee status determination: in-depth interviews to determine their eligibility to refugee status according to the criteria set out in the Convention. The mass refugee movements that took place in Africa made this approach impractical. As a result, refugee status was granted on a prima facie basis, that is with only a very summary interview or often simply with registration - in its most basic form just the name of the head of family and the family size.1 In the Somali context the implementation of this approach has proved problematic. -
Somaliland Assistance Bulletin
Somaliland Assistance Bulletin 1 – 30 November 2005 HUMANITARIAN SITUATION Security & Access The overall security situation in Somaliland remained stable. A verdict was issued on the trail case of the 10 arrested suspects of the killings of four humanitarian workers occurring in 2003 and 2004. The case originally started in March 2005. According to the regional court in Hargeisa, 8 men were found guilty of "terrorism" and were sentenced to death. Following the killing of the 4 expatriate humanitarian workers, the UN in collaboration with the national authorities established a Special Protection Unit (SPU) initially to provide protection for humanitarian workers of UN & international NGOs, subsequently extended to the rest of the community. Since then no further incidents were reported. A deadly mine accident occurred in Burao on 16 November 2005 where a vehicle diverted from the main road towards a roadside short cut. Three out of a total of seven passengers were reported dead, including one UN staff member. Somaliland Mine Action Center (SMAC), supported by UNDP, coordinates mine action activities, since late 1999, an approximate area of around 115 million square meters has been cleared. Food Security/Livelihoods Aerial Photograph of Burao settlements, source UN Habitat. Deyr rain started on time, whereby most areas received Ministry of Health & Labour (MOH&L), the Somali Red normal to above normal rains except for parts of Crescent Society, Save the Children Fund, Candlelight southern Awdal region. Rainfall distribution and intensity and Havoyoco. Sources of income among Burao were good and allowed for further replenishment of water settlements were labeled more irregular and unreliable. -
Somalia Hunger Crisis Response.Indd
WORLD VISION SOMALIA HUNGER RESPONSE SITUATION REPORT 5 March 2017 RESPONSE HIGHLIGHTS 17,784 people received primary health care 66,256 people provided with KEY MESSAGES 24,150,700 litres of safe drinking water • Drought has led to increased displacement education. In Somaliland more than 118 of people in Somalia. In February 2017 schools were closed as a result of the alone, UNHCR estimates that up to looming famine. 121,000 people were displaced. • Urgent action at this stage has a high • There is a sharp increase in the number of chance of saving over 300,000 children Acute Water Diarrhoea (AWD/cholera) who are acutely malnourished as well cases. From January to March, 875 AWD as over 6 million people facing possible cases and 78 deaths were recorded in starvation across the country. 22,644 Puntland, Somaliland and Jubaland. • Despite encouraging donor contributions, • There is an urgent need to scale up the Somalia humanitarian operational people provided with support for health interventions in the plan is less than 20% funded (UNOCHA, South West State (SWS) especially FTS, 7th March 2017). Approximately 5,917 in districts that have been hard hit by US$825 million is required to reach 5.5 NFI kits outbreaks of Acute Watery Diarrhoea million Somalis facing possible famine until (AWD). Only few agencies have funding June 2017. to support access to health care services. • More than 6 million people or over 50% • According to Somaliland MOH, high of Somalia’s population remain in crisis cases of measles, diarrhea and pneumonia and face possible famine if aid does not have been reported since November as match the scale of need between now main health complications caused by the and June 2017. -
Shabelle Relief and Development Organization (SHARDO)
Shabelle Relief and Development Organization (SHARDO) ASSESSMENT REPORT ON THE MECHANISMS AND NEEDS OF THE POPULATION LIVING IN JOWHAR, ADALE AND ADAN YABAL, WARSHEIKH DISTRICITS OF MIDDLE SHABELLE REGION. 1. General principles: Name of the implementing Agency Shabelle Relief and Development Organization (SHARDO) Name of the Funding Agency Somali – Swedish Intellectual Banadir Organization (SIBO) Assessment Period: 1st – 10th December 2007 Reporting Period: 15th December 2007 Contact Person: Mohamed Ahmed Moallim Tell: +252 1 644449 Mobile: +252 1 5513089 Email: [email protected] 1 2. Contents 1. General Principles Page 1 2. Contents 2 3. Introduction 3 4. General Objective 3 5. Specific Objective 3 6. General and Social demographic, economical Mechanism in Middle Shabelle region 4 1.1 Farmers 5 1.2 Agro – Pastoralists 5 1.3 Adale District 7 1.4 Fishermen 2 3. Introduction: Middle Shabelle is located in the south central zone of Somalia The region borders: Galgadud to the north, Hiran to the West, Lower Shabelle and Banadir regions to the south and the Indian Ocean to the east. A pre – war census estimated the population at 1.4 million and today the regional council claims that the region’s population is 1.6 million. The major clans are predominant Hawie and shiidle. Among hawiye clans: Abgal, Galjecel, monirity include: Mobilen, Hawadle, Kabole and Hilibi. The regional consists of seven (7) districts: Jowhar – the regional capital, Bal’ad, Adale, A/yabal, War sheikh, Runirgon and Mahaday. The region supports livestock production, rain-fed and gravity irrigated agriculture and fisheries, with an annual rainfall between 150 and 500 millimeters covering an area of approximately 60,000 square kilometers, the region has a 400 km coastline on Indian Ocean. -
(I) the SOCIAL STRUCTUBE of Soumn SOMALI TRIB by Virginia I?
(i) THE SOCIAL STRUCTUBE OF SOumN SOMALI TRIB by Virginia I?lling A thesis submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of London. October 197]. (ii) SDMMARY The subject is the social structure of a southern Somali community of about six thousand people, the Geledi, in the pre-colonial period; and. the manner in which it has reacted to colonial and other modern influences. Part A deals with the pre-colonial situation. Section 1 deals with the historical background up to the nineteenth century, first giving the general geographic and ethnographic setting, to show what elements went to the making of this community, and then giving the Geledj's own account of their history and movement up to that time. Section 2 deals with the structure of the society during the nineteenth century. Successive chapters deal with the basic units and categories into which this community divided both itself and the others with which it was in contact; with their material culture; with economic life; with slavery, which is shown to have been at the foundation of the social order; with the political and legal structure; and with the conduct of war. The chapter on the examines the politico-religious office of the Sheikh or Sultan as the focal point of the community, and how under successive occupants of this position, the Geledi became the dominant power in this part of Somalia. Part B deals with colonial and post-colonial influences. After an outline of the history of Somalia since 1889, with special reference to Geledi, the changes in society brought about by those events are (iii) described. -
External Interventions in Somalia's Civil War. Security Promotion And
External intervention in Somalia’s civil war Mikael Eriksson (Editor) Eriksson Mikael war civil Somalia’s intervention in External The present study examines external intervention in Somalia’s civil war. The focus is on Ethiopia’s, Kenya’s and Uganda’s military engagement in Somalia. The study also analyses the political and military interests of the intervening parties and how their respective interventions might affect each country’s security posture and outlook. The aim of the study is to contribute to a more refined under- standing of Somalia’s conflict and its implications for the security landscape in the Horn of Africa. The study contains both theoretical chapters and three empirically grounded cases studies. The main finding of the report is that Somalia’s neighbours are gradually entering into a more tense political relationship with the government of Somalia. This development is character- ized by a tension between Somalia’s quest for sovereignty and neighbouring states’ visions of a decentralized Somali state- system capable of maintaining security across the country. External Intervention in Somalia’s civil war Security promotion and national interests? Mikael Eriksson (Editor) FOI-R--3718--SE ISSN1650-1942 www.foi.se November 2013 FOI-R--3718--SE Mikael Eriksson (Editor) External Intervention in Somalia’s civil war Security promotion and national interests? Cover: Scanpix (Photo: TT, CORBIS) 1 FOI-R--3718--SE Titel Extern intervention i Somalias inbördeskrig: Främjande av säkerhet och nationella intressen? Title External intervention in Somalia’s civil war: security promotion and national Interests? Rapportnr/Report no FOI-R--3718--SE Månad/Month November Utgivningsår/Year 2013 Antal sidor/Pages 137 ISSN 1650-1942 Kund/Customer Försvarsdepartementet/Ministry of Defence Projektnr/Project no A11306 Godkänd av/Approved by Maria Lignell Jakobsson Ansvarig avdelning Försvarsanalys/Defence Analysis Detta verk är skyddat enligt lagen (1960:729) om upphovsrätt till litterära och konstnärliga verk. -
Imperial, Neo-Liberal Africa?
Review of African Political Economy No. 113: 417-422 © ROAPE Publications Ltd., 2007 ISSN 0305-6244 Imperial, Neo-Liberal Africa? Alfred B. Zack-Williams & Giles Mohan Now that the fanfare and euphoria surrounding what has been called Tony Blair’s passionate denunciation of impoverishment in Africa as ‘a scar on the conscience of the world’ (Lone, 2007), the ‘development buzz’ (Collier, 2007) generated by rock stars and the ‘make poverty history campaign’ has all died down, it seems quite a good time to reflect on the ‘achievements’ to date. These campaigns were preceded by the UN millennium development goals on poverty alleviation, which in turn were followed by the Report of the Commission for Africa. More than a third of the way towards the 2015 goal, it is clear as Salim Lone suggests, that the developed world is falling behind on its commitments to African countries and the plight of many Africans is getting worse. According to Lone, no sub-Saharan African country has met the criteria on poverty alleviation and it would have been unthinkable that Western Governments, which gleefully presided over the creation of new classes of super- super rich, would use their considerable influence to push African leaders to pursue policies which would shift resources away from the rapacious national elites towards the poor … Nor was it likely the west would permit Africa to stray from the neo-liberal orthodoxies prescribed for the continent by the World Bank and the IMF. Readers of this journal would be familiar with the challenge and critical engagement, which the Editorial Working Group has posed to the new orthodoxies of ‘neo-liberalism’ and, in particular, the World Bank and IMF-sponsored structural adjustment programmes (SAPs) in Africa. -
With Funding Status of Each Report As
Humanitarian Response Plan(s): Somalia 2016 List of appeal projects (grouped by Cluster), with funding status of each Report as of 23-Sep-2021 http://fts.unocha.org (Table ref: R3) Compiled by OCHA on the basis of information provided by donors and recipient organizations. Project Code Title Organization Original Revised Funding % Unmet Outstanding requirements requirements USD Covered requirements pledges USD USD USD USD Agriculture SOM-16/A/84942/5110 Puntland and Lower Juba Emergency VSF (Switzerland) 998,222 998,222 588,380 59% 409,842 0 Animal Health Support SOM-16/A/86501/15092 PROVISION OF FISHING INPUTS FOR SAFUK- 352,409 352,409 0 0% 352,409 0 YOUTHS AND MEN AND TRAINING OF International MEN AND WOMEN ON FISH PRODUCTION AND MAINTENANCE OF FISHING GEARS IN THE COASTAL REGIONS OF MUDUG IN SOMALIA. SOM-16/A/86701/14592 Integrated livelihoods support to most BRDO 500,000 500,000 0 0% 500,000 0 vulnerable conflict affected 2850 farming and fishing households in Marka district Lower Shabelle. SOM-16/A/86746/14852 Provision of essential livelihood support HOD 500,000 500,000 0 0% 500,000 0 and resilience building for Vulnerable pastoral and agro pastoral households in emergency, crisis and stress phase in Kismaayo district of Lower Juba region, Somalia SOM-16/A/86775/17412 Food Security support for destitute NRO 499,900 499,900 0 0% 499,900 0 communities in Middle and Lower Shabelle SOM-16/A/87833/123 Building Household and Community FAO 111,805,090 111,805,090 15,981,708 14% 95,823,382 0 Resilience and Response Capacity SOM-16/A/88141/17597 Access to live-saving for population in SHARDO Relief 494,554 494,554 0 0% 494,554 0 emergency and crises of the most vulnerable households in lower Shabelle and middle Shabelle regions, and build their resilience to withstand future shocks. -
Transition Initiatives for Stabilization Plus (Tis+) Program Year Three – Annual Work Plan
TRANSITION INITIATIVES FOR STABILIZATION PLUS (TIS+) PROGRAM YEAR THREE – ANNUAL WORK PLAN (OCTOBER 1, 2017 – SEPTEMBER 30, 2018) Revised November 2017 This publication was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development. It was prepared by AECOM. Annual Work plan | Transition Initiatives for Stabilization Plus (TIS+) Program i TRANSITION INITIATIVES FOR STABILIZATION PLUS (TIS+) PROGRAM YEAR THREE – ANNUAL WORK PLAN (OCTOBER 1, 2017 – SEPTEMBER 30, 2018) Contract No: AID-623-C-15-00001 Submitted to: USAID | Somalia Prepared by: AECOM International Development DISCLAIMER: The authors’ views expressed in this document do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Agency for International Development or the United States Government. Year Three - Annual Work Plan | Transition Initiatives for Stabilization Plus (TIS+) Program i TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents ........................................................................................................................................ ii Acronym List .............................................................................................................................................. iii Stabilization Context .................................................................................................................................. 5 Goals and Objectives of USAID and TIS+ ............................................................................................... 6 Methodology ........................................................................................................................................ -
UNESCO Condemns Killing of Journalists Assassinated Journalists in Somalia
UNESCO Condemns Killing of Journalists Assassinated Journalists in Somalia Abdirisak Said Osman (Somali) Reporter radio Assassiné le 18 septembre 2018 Communiqué UNESCO Abdirizak Kasim Iman (Somalian) Cameraman for the Somali Broadcasting Services (SBS) Killed on 26 July 2018 UNESCO Statement Response of Member State 2018 Mohamed Ibrahim Gabow (Somalia) TV anchor Killed on 11 December 2017 [UNESCO Statement] Ali Nur Siad-Ahmed (Somalian) Free-lance journalist Killed on 14 October [UNESCO Statement] Abdullahi Osman Moallim (Somalia) Broadcast journalist Killed on 13 September [UNESCO Statement] Mahad Ali Mohamed (Somalian) Reporter for Radio Codka Mudug Killed on 6 November 2016 in Somalia [UNESCO Statement] Abdiaziz Mohamed Ali (Somalian) News presenter on Radio Shabelle 1 UNESCO Condemns Killing of Journalists Assassinated Journalists in Somalia Killed on 27 September 2016 in Somalia [UNESCO Statement] Sagal Salad Osman (Somalian) Broadcaster for state-run Somali National Television and Radio Mogadishu Killed on 5 June 2016 in Somalia [UNESCO Statement] Hindiya Haji Mohamed (Somalian) Reporter for Radio Mogadishu and Somali National TV Killed on 3 December 2015 in Somalia [UNESCO Statement] Mustaf Abdi Noor (Somalian) Camera operator for national and international broadcasters Killed on 1 November 2015 in Somalia [UNESCO Statement] Abdullahi Ali Hussein (Somalian) Editor for the news website, Waagasucub Killed on 8 September 2015 in Somalia [UNESCO Statement] Mohamed Abdikarim Moallim Adam (Somalian) Reporter for Universal TV Killed -
Fråga-Svar Staden Gaalkacyo I Regionen Mudug Samt Gränsen
2011-10-28 Landinformationsenheten Fråga-svar Staden Gaalkacyo i regionen Mudug samt gränsen mellan Puntland och centrala Somalia Fråga Information önskas om staden Gaalkacyo i Somalia. Gaalkacyo en delad stad där en del tillhör Puntland och den andra de södra och centrala delarna av landet. Vilka delar av staden Gaalkacyo tillhör Puntland? Information önskas även om de olika stadsdelarna i Gaalkacyo. Svar Puntland Development Research Center (PDRC) (2010) skriver om gränsen mellan Puntland och södra/centrala Somalia och Somaliland. District and regional administrative jurisdictions of Puntland are lacking clear delineations; yet even the State’s borders with its neighbours from the north and southcentral are still undefined, as a participant from Galkayo recalled: “Let alone the lack of internal jurisdictions, Puntland borders with south-central and Somaliland are not clear. You don’t know where your jurisdiction ends as a State and where the other one starts.” (s. 18) Galkayo – an important crossroads Another area requiring careful attention is the complexity and volatility of Galkayo town and its administrative and social interactions among the various communities living or transiting in this important junction. Galkayo constitutes the epicentre of much of the social, economical and political troubles in the Mudug region as two distinct and often feuding administrations exist. (s. 34) 2 Food Security and Nutrition Analysis Unit- Somalia (FSNAU) (2010) ger i sin rapport en detaljerad beskrivning av Gaalkacyo (norra och södra Gaalkacyo) vad gäller olika samhällsfunktioner i staden såsom skolor, vägar, sjukhus, skolor och marknader m.m. Information finns också till viss del om i vilken del av staden en viss plats eller byggnad finns. -
UN Joint Programme on Local Governance and Decentralized Service Delivery (JPLG)
UNITED NATIONS SOMALIA UN Joint Programme on Local Governance and Decentralized Service Delivery (JPLG) 2nd Quarterly Report 2010 June 2010 UN Joint Programme on Local Governance and Decentralised Service Delivery JPLG 2nd Quarterly Report April – June 2010 Participating UN UN Habitat, UNDP, UNICEF, ILO Cluster/Priority United Nations Transitional Plan for Organization(s): and UNCDF. Area: Somalia 2008 -2010 Outcome Two Implementing Ministries of Interior in Somaliland, Puntland and the Transitional Federal Government and target Partner(s): District Councils. Joint Programme Title: UN Joint Programme on Local Governance and Decentralized Service Delivery (JPLG) Total Approved Joint US$ 37,187,000 Programme Budget: Location: Somaliland, Puntland and south central Somalia SC Approval Date: April 2008 Joint Programme Phase One – 2008 – 2010 and Starting Completion 31/12/ 01/04/2008 Duration: Phase Two 2010 - 2012 Date: Date: 2012 2009 -2010 Through JP pass through with UNDP as AA: Donor Donor Currency USD SIDA 30,000,000 SK 3,378,378 DFID 1,875,000 GBP 2,705,620 NORWAY 6,000,000 NOK 936,622 Through JP and bilateral to UNDP EU 5,000,000 Euro 7,350,000 Parallel Funds 2009 % of Funds Committed: UNDP Italy: $1,800,00; 1,800,000 52% USAID: $458,840 458,840 Approved: DK:$693,823 693,823 Norway: $723,606 723,606 UNDP TRAC: $100,000 100,000 SIDA: $132,000; 132,000 BPCR: $132,930 132,930 Parallel Funds 2009 -2010 4,041,199 UNCDF $832,000 TOTAL APPROVED 2009 – 2010 19,243,819 *SIDA – first tranche = $1,240,695 (transferred from UNDP as AA - % of 18 th March 09).