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DESIGNED BY: ZOE DRELLISHAK Welcome to Paradise

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DESIGNED BY: ZOE DRELLISHAK Welcome to Paradise FACTBOOKDESIGNED BY: ZOE DRELLISHAK Welcome to Paradise. Table of Contents BACKGROUND 6 GEOGRAPHY 10 PEOPLE & SOCIETY 14 GOVERNMENT 18 ECONOMY 22 ENERGY 26 COMMUNICATIONS 28 TRANSPORTATION 30 CREDITS 34 4 5 Although explored by the Spanish the United Provinces of Central early in the 16th century, initial America, but this federation attempts at colonizing Costa disintegrated in 1838, at which Rica proved unsuccessful due time Costa Rica proclaimed its to a combination of factors, sovereignty and independence. including disease from mosquito Since the late 19th century, only infested swamps, brutal heat, two brief periods of violence have resistance by natives, and pirate marred the country’s democratic raids. It was not until 1563 that a development. On 1 December 1948, permanent settlement of Cartago Costa Rica dissolved its armed was established in the cooler, forces. Although it still maintains fertile central highlands. The area a large agricultural sector, Costa remained a colony for some two Rica has expanded its economy and a half centuries. In 1821, Costa to include strong technology and Rica became one of several Central tourism industries. The standard American provinces that jointly of living is relatively high. Land declared independence from ownership is widespread. Spain. Two years later it joined BACKGROUND 6 7 Costa Rica joins the United Provinces US businessman Minor Cooper Keith of Central America, which also Costa Rica is part of the vice introduces banana cultivation and embraces El Salvador, Guatemala, starts the United Fruit Company. royalty of New Spain. Honduras and Nicaragua. 1808 1838 1917 1540 1823 1874 Coffee is introduced into Costa Rica becomes Frederico Tinoco ousts the elected Costa Rica from Cuba and fully independent. president, Alfredo Gonzalez, but is becomes the principal crop. himself deposed two years later. 8 9 GEOGRAPHY GEOGRAPHY GEOGRAPHY GEOGRAPHY GEOGRAPHY GEOGRAPHY GEOGRAPHY GEOGRAPHY 10 11 Location Elevation Central America, bordering both the Mean elevation: 746 m Caribbean Sea and the North Pacific Ocean, Lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m between Nicaragua and Panama Highest point: Cerro Chirripo 3,819 m Geographic coordinates Natural resources 10 00 N, 84 00 W Hydropower Map references Central America and the Caribbean Land Use Agricultural land: 37.1% (2018 est.) Area Arable land: 4.9% (2018 est.) Total: 51,100 sq km Permanent crops: 6.7% (2018 est.) Land: 51,060 sq km Permanent pasture: 25.5% (2018 est.) Water: 40 sq km Forest: 51.5% (2018 est.) Note: includes Isla del Coco Other: 11.4% (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 129 Irrigated land Area—comparative 1,015 sq km (2012) Slightly smaller than West Virginia Area comparison map Natural Hazards Land boundaries Occasional earthquakes, hurricanes along Total: 661 km Atlantic coast; frequent flooding of lowlands Border countries (2): Nicaragua 313 km, at onset of rainy season and landslides; Panama 348 km active volcanoes Coastline Volcanism 1,290 km Arenal (1,670 m), which erupted in 2010, is Maritime claims the most active volcano in Costa Rica; a 1968 Territorial sea: 12 nm eruption destroyed the town of Tabacon; Exclusive economic zone: 200 nm Irazu (3,432 m), situated just east of San Continental shelf: 200 nm Jose, has the potential to spew ash over the capital city as it did between 1963 and 1965; Climate other historically active volcanoes include Tropical and subtropical; dry season Miravalles, Poas, Rincon de la Vieja, and (December to April); rainy season (May to Turrialba November); cooler in highlands Geography. Terrain Coastal plains separated by rugged mountains including over 100 volcanic cones, of which several are major active volcanoes 12 13 Population 5,151,140 (JULY 2021 EST.) Country comparison to the world: 124 Nationality NOUN: COSTA RICAN(S) Adjective: Costa Rican Ethnic groups White or Mestizo 83.6%, Mulatto 6.7%, Indigenous 2.4%, Black of African descent 1.1%, other 1.1%, none 2.9%, unspecified 2.2% (2011 est.) Languages SPANISH, ENGLISH Religions PEOPLE & Roman Catholic 71.8%, Evangelical and Pentecostal 12.3%, other Protestant 2.6%, Jehovah’s Witness 0.5%, other 2.4%, SOCIETY none 10.4% (2016 est.) Age Structure 0 -14 years: 22.08% (male 575,731/female 549,802) 15–24 years: 15.19% (male 395,202/female 379,277) 25–54 years: 43.98% (male 1,130,387/ female 1,111,791) 55–64 years: 9.99% (male 247,267/female 261,847) 65 years and over: 8.76% (male 205,463/ female 241,221) (2020 est.) 14 15 Birth Rate Infant Mortality Rate Major infectious diseases Population Pyramid Total: 8.59 deaths/1,000 live births Degree of risk: intermediate (2020) Dependency ratios 14.53 BIRTHS/1,000 Male: 9.66 deaths/1,000 live births Food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea Total dependency ratio: 45.1 POPULATION (2021 Female: 7.46 deaths/1,000 live births (2021 est.) Vectorborne diseases: dengue fever Youth dependency ratio: 30.2 Life expectancy at birth Obesity—adult prevalence rate Elderly dependency ratio: 14.9 EST.) Total population: 79.41 years 25.7% (2016) Potential support ratio: 6.7 (2020 est.) Country comparison to the world: 124 Male: 76.75 years Country comparison to the world: 48 Median age Female: 82.22 years (2021 est.) Education expenditures Total: 32.6 years Death Rate Country comparison to the world: 59 7% of GDP (2019) Male: 32.1 years Total fertility rate Country comparison to the world: 13 Female: 33.1 years (2020 est.) 4.86 DEATHS/1,000 1.87 children born/woman (2021 est.) Country comparison to the world: 109 Country comparison to the world: 134 Literacy Population growth rate POPULATION Contraceptive prevalence rate Definition: age 15 and over can read and write 1.04% (2021 est.) Country comparison to the world: 200 70.9% (2018) Total population: 97.9% Net migration rate Male: 97.8% Maternal Mortality Rate 0.78 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2021 est.) Drinking Water Source Female: 97.9% (2018) 27 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.) Country comparison to the world: 63 School life expectancy (primary to tertiary Country comparison to the world: 116 Improved: urban: 100% of population education) Population Distribution Rural: 100% of population Total: 16 years Roughly half of the nation’s population resides in Total: 100% of population Male: 17 years urban areas; the capital of San Jose is the largest Unimproved: urban: 0% of population Female: 17 years (2019) city and home to approximately one-fifth of the Total: 0% of population (2017 est.) Unemployment, youth ages 15–24 population Current Health Expenditure Total: 20.6% Male: 17.6% Urbanization 7.6% (2018) Female: 25.9% (2017 est.) 2.89 physicians/1,000 population (2018) Country comparison to the world: 63 Urban population: 80.8% of total population (2020) Hospital bed density Rate of urbanization: 1.5% annual rate of change 1.1 beds/1,000 population (2017) (2015–20 est.) Sanitation facility access Major urban areas—population Improved: urban: 98.4% of population Demographic Profile 1.421 million SAN JOSE (capital) (2021) Rural: 95.8% of population Costa Rica’s political stability, high standard of living, and well-developed social benefits system Total: 97.8% of population set it apart from its Central American neighbors. Through the government’s sustained social Sex Ratio Unimproved: urban: 1.6% of population spending—almost 20% of GDP annually—Costa Rica has made tremendous progress toward At birth: 1.05 male(s)/female Rural: 4.2% of population achieving its goal of providing universal access to education, healthcare, clean water, sanitation, 0–14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female Total: 2.2% of population (2017 est.) and electricity. Since the 1970s, expansion of these services has led to a rapid decline in infant 15–24 years: 1.04 male(s)/female HIV/AIDS—adult prevalence rate mortality, an increase in life expectancy at birth, and a sharp decrease in the birth rate. Costa 25–54 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 0.4% (2019 est.) Rica’s poverty rate is lower than in most Latin American countries, but it has stalled at around 55–64 years: 0.94 male(s)/female Country comparison to the world: 75 20% for almost two decades. Costa Rica is a popular regional immigration destination because of 65 years and over: 0.85 male(s)/female 14,000 (2019 est.) its job opportunities and s cial programs. Almost 9% of the population is foreign-born, with Nica- Total population: 1 male(s)/female (2020 est.) Country comparison to the world: 91 raguans comprising nearly three-quarters of the foreign population. Many Nicaraguans who per- HIV/AIDS—deaths form unskilled seasonal labor enter Costa Rica illegally or overstay their visas, which continues <200 (2019 est.) to be a source of tension. Less than 3% of Costa Rica’s population lives abroad. The overwhelming majority of expatriates have settled in the United States after completing a university degree or in order to work in a highly skilled field. 16 17 Country Name Conventional long form: Republic of Costa Rica Conventional short form: Costa Rica Local long form: Republica de Costa Rica Local short form: Costa Rica Etymology: the name means “rich coast” in Spanish and was first applied in the early colonial period of the 16th century Administrative Divisions 7 provinces (provincias, singular—provincia); Alajuela, Cartago, Guanacaste, Heredia, Limon, Puntarenas, San Jose Independence 15 September 1821 (from Spain) Government Type Presidential republic Capital Name: San Jose Geographic coordinates: 9 56 N, 84 05 W Time difference: UTC-6 (1 hour behind Washington, DC, during Standard Time) Etymology: named in honor of Saint Joseph GOVERNMENT Constitution History: many previous; latest effective 8 November 1949 amendments: proposals require the signatures of at least 10 Legislative Assembly members or petition of at least 5% of qualified voters; consideration of proposals requires two-thirds majority approval in each of three readings by the Assembly, followed by preparation of the proposal as a legislative bill and its approval by simple majority of the Assembly; passage requires at least two- thirds majority vote of the Assembly membership; a referendum is required only if approved by at least two thirds of the Assembly; amended 5 times, last in 2020.
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