Keterwakilan Perempuan Dalam Lembag Legislatif

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Keterwakilan Perempuan Dalam Lembag Legislatif Aspirasi, Jurnal S-1 Ilmu Politik Volume 5 Nomor 2 Edisi Juni 2017 http://jurmafis. untan.ac.id KETERWAKILAN PEREMPUAN DALAM LEMBAG LEGISLATIF KABUPATEN SUKAMARA KALIMANTAN TENGAH Studi Calon Anggota Legislatif Perempuan Pada Pemilihan Umum Kabupaten Sukamara Tahun 2014 Oleh: LAILATUL MONAWARAH1* NIM. E1051131069 Prof. Dr. AB. Tangdililing, MA2, Drs. Abi Sofyan, M.Si2 1. Mahasiswa Program Studi Ilmu Politik Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Tanjungpura Pontianak Tahun 2017 2. Dosen Pembimbing Mahasiswa Program Studi Ilmu Politik Fakultas Ilmu Sosial Dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Tanjungpura Pontianak Tahun 2017 *Email: [email protected] Abstrak Penulisan skripsi ini dimaksudkan untuk menjelaskan hambatan terhadap Keterwakilan Perempuan dalam Lembaga legislatif Kabupaten Sukamara Kalimanntan Tengah. Metode ini yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif, walaupun secara formal keanggotaan legislatif perempuan masih dibawah kuota 30% yang harus dipenuhi,akan tetapi menunjukan adanya keterwakilan politik yang baik. Budaya patriarki di kalangan masyarakat mengakar dan mendominasi dalam kehidupan, bahkan dalam lingkungan terkecil seperti keluarga nuansa dominasi laki-laki sangat kuat. Dan budaya patriarki memegang peranan dalam pemerintahan politik, walaupun sulit diubah namun sedikit demi sedikit telah mengalami pergeseran nilai mengenai kedudukan dan peran kaum perempuan. Ada empat faktor yang menyebabkan penghambat keterwakilan politik perempuan seperti: kendala sisitem politik, sosial budaya, ekonomi, psikologis menunjukan bahwa kendala sisitem politik yang menjadi penghambat dalam mengikuti pemilihan umum legislatif. Kata-kata Kunci: Keterwakilan Perempuan,Faktor Penghambat,Pemilu Legislatif Abstract This thesis aimed to describe the obstacles on women’s representation in the Legislature of Sukamara Regency Central Kalimantan. The method used is descriptive qualitative method. Although formally women’s representation in the legislature was still below 30%, but is still showed a good political representation. Patriarchal culture dominated people’s lives, even in the smallest environment like family, the nuances of male domination is really strong. And patriarchal culture hold the role in political goverment. Although difficult to change, but slowly there is a shift in the value of women’s role and position. There are four factors inhibiting women’s representation in politics namely: politics system, social-culture, economy, psychology. The result shows that politics system became the obstacle for women to get involve in legislative election. Keywords: Women’s Representation, Inhitibing Factor, Legislative Election 1 LAILATUL MONAWARAH, NIM. E1051131069 Program Studi Ilmu Politik Fisip UNTAN Aspirasi, Jurnal S-1 Ilmu Politik Volume 5 Nomor 2 Edisi Juni 2017 http://jurmafis. untan.ac.id A. PENDAHULUAN publik mengenai pentingnya representasi perempuan dalam parlemen. Keempat, tidak 1. Latar Belakang Penelitian adanya jaringan antara organisasi massa, Secara realitas politik kaum perempuan LSM dan partai-partai politik untuk masih sangat kurang. Kendala utama memperjuangkan representasi perempuan. disebabkan oleh laki-laki dan perempuan Jaringan organisasi-organisasi wanita di dalam memandang dan memperlakukan Indonesia baru mulai memainkan peranan perempuan. Budaya patriarki di kalangan penting sejak tahun 1999 (Matland, 2001). masyarakat mengakar dan mendominasi Wacana keterlibatan perempuan dalam dalam kehidupan, bahkan dalam lingkungan dunia politik dengan memberikan kouta 30% terkecil seperti keluarga nuansa dominasi masih wacana kontroversi. Banyak kalangan laki-laki sangat kuat. Label dan cap perempuan sendiri menolak dengan alasan diberikan pada sosok perempuan yang membatasi langkah perempuan, ditinjau sangat kental sebagai orang lemah, telah di dengan hitungan statistik berdasarkan doktrin secara turun-temurun. jumlah masih dinilai tidak adil. Sebagian Ada beberapa faktor yang kalangan perempuan yang lain menyambut mempengaruhi pola seleksi antara laki-laki wacana tersebut dengan langkah maju untuk dan perempuan sebagai anggota legislatif. member ruang gerak bagi perekrutan kaum Faktor pertama berhubungan dengan konteks perempuan dalam dunia politik. buda ya di Indonesia yangmasih sangat Lahirnya kuota perempuan melalui kental asas patriarkalnya. Persepsi yang Undang-undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2003 sering dipegang adalah bahwa arena politik tentang pemilihan Umum, pasal 65 ayat 1 untuk laki-laki, dan bahwa tidaklah pantas menyatakan “Setiap partai politik peserta bagi wanita untuk menjadi anggota pemilu dapat mengajukan calon anggota parlemen. Faktor kedua berhubungan dengan DPR, DPRD provinsi, dan DPRD proses seleksi dalam partai politik. Seleksi kabupaten/kota untuk setiap daerah terhadap para kandidat biasanya dilakukan pemilihan dengan memperhatikan oleh sekelompok kecil pejabat atau pimpinan keterwakilan perempuan sekurang- partai, yang hampir selalu laki-laki. kurangnya 30%” tersebut sebenarnya Ketiga, berhubungan dengan media yang menjadi berita baik bagi kaum perempuan. berperan penting dalam membangun opini Secara tekstual, undang-undang tersebut 2 LAILATUL MONAWARAH, NIM. E1051131069 Program Studi Ilmu Politik Fisip UNTAN Aspirasi, Jurnal S-1 Ilmu Politik Volume 5 Nomor 2 Edisi Juni 2017 http://jurmafis. untan.ac.id memang baru mengakui adanya kebutuhan nanti untuk menyiapkan kader-kader yang untuk melibatkan perempuan dalam partai berkualitas untuk duduk dalam politik sebagai upaya agar perempuan dapat pemerintahan, seperti DPRD, DPD, DPR memperoleh akses yang lebih luas dalam dan lain-lain. pengambilan keputusan. Namun dalam Keterwakilan politik perempuan dalam prakteknya, partai politik terkesan setengah- pemilu tahun 2014, menunjukan suatu setengah dalam mengimplementasikannya kebijakan dalam rangka upaya menarik atau karena dianggap sebagai persyaratan mengumpulkan sejumlah kaum perempuan administratif yang sifatnya hanya formalitas. yang berpotensi mengisi jabatan yang Dalam perjalanan sejarah perpolitikan di kosong dalam lembaga atau kursi DPRD Indonesia, jumlah perempuan dalam nantinya, agar dapat menggagas peran-peran parlemen memang belum menunjukkan perempuan, seperti memberikan suara dalam angka yang signifikan. pemilihan umum (Pemilu), menghadiri rapat Peran politik perempuan dalam dunia umum, menjadi anggota partai politik atau politik seakan beraneka ragam. Wilayah kelompok kepentingan dan mengadakan cakupan politik yang mampu dimainkan hubungan dengan pejabat pemerintah atau masih sebatas wacana dalam diskusi dan parlemen. pelatihan. Sebenarnya perempuan biasa Selain itu, kurangnya percaya diri suatu menembus apasaja dengan kualitas yang penyebab utama atas kurangnya dimlikinya. Perempuan mampu menjadi keterwakilan perempuan dalam ruang-ruang pemimpin dari tingkat kepala desa sampai publik. Dan kurangnya sumber pendananan Presiden dan wilayah publik yang signifikan. terlihat dari kondisi ekonomi beberapa caleg, Fungsi keterwakilan politik ini sangatlah faktor lainnya yang menjadi kelemahan berpengaruh penting untuk menghasilkan caleg perempuan adalah sifat hemat yang pemimpin-pemimpin yang berkualitas dimilikinya,sehingga menjadi penghalang sebagai wakil rakyat. Pemimpin yang apabila harus berhadapan dengan kenyataan berkualitas akan memberikan dampak positif harus mengeluarkan biaya yang banyak. bagi masyarakat yaitu suara rakyat terwakili, Maka dari itu penulis ingin meneliti tentang kepentingan rakyat terakomodasi, keterwakilan politik perempuan di parleman terciptanya tranparansi dan pemerintahan yang dalam hal ini adalah DPRD khususnya yang bersih. Fungsi partai politik disini juga di Kabupaten Sukamara. 3 LAILATUL MONAWARAH, NIM. E1051131069 Program Studi Ilmu Politik Fisip UNTAN Aspirasi, Jurnal S-1 Ilmu Politik Volume 5 Nomor 2 Edisi Juni 2017 http://jurmafis. untan.ac.id memperjuangkan hak politik atas nama suatu 2. Rumusan Masalah kelompok yang lebih besar. Proses ini Berdasarkan latar belakang di atas dan disebut dengan perwakilan yang bersifat untuk memberikan batasan dalam proses politik (political representation). Fenomena penelitian maka penulis memilih beberapa anggota Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat saat ini rumusan masalah adalah “Apa faktor pada umumnya mewakili rakyat melalui penghambat rendahnya keterwakilan partai politik. perempuan di DPRD Kabupaten Sukamara Definisi perwakilan atau representasi Tahun 2014-2019?”. sangat bervariasi. Beberapa diantaranya adalah seperti yang dikemukakan Haris 3. Tujuan Penelitian (2008) yang mendefinisikan representasi Tujuan penelitian pada penulisan ini sebagai hubungan antara dua orang, wakil adalah untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis dengan pihak yang mewakilinya faktor-faktor penghambat keterwakilan (konstituen), di mana wakil memegang perempuan dalam lembaga legislatif di otoritas untuk melaksanakan beberapa aksi DPRD Kabupaten Sukamara yaitu: (1) yang mendapat persetujuan dari Kendala Sistem Politik, (2) Realis Sosial- konstituennya. Argument tersebut juga Budaya, (3) Hambatan Psikologis, (4) Sosial menunjukan bahwa perempuan dekat dengan dan Ekonomi. isu-isu kebijakan publik dalam proses kebijakan, terutama di lembaga perwakilan rakyat (Adinda, 2008:1). Wakil bertindak B. TINJAUAN PUSTAKA sedemikian rupa sehingga diantara wakil dan pihak yang di wakili tidak terjadi konflik dan 1. Konsep Keterwakilan Politik jika pun terjadi maka harus mampu Salah satu konsep politik yang dapat meredakan dengan penjelasan. Perwakilan perhatian seksama dari kalangan adalah konsep bahwa seorang atau suatu ilmuwandan
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