Eastern Sudan in Its Setting: the Archaeology of A

Eastern Sudan in its Setting The archaeology of a region far from the Nile Valley Andrea Manzo • C 94 am y b g ri o d l g o e e M a h o c n r o A g n r a a c p i h r f s A i n Access Archaeology haeopr c es r s A A y c g c e o l s o s e A a r c Ah About Access Archaeology Access Archaeology offers a different publishing model for specialist academic material that might traditionally prove commercially unviable, perhaps due to its sheer extent or volume of colour content, or simply due to its relatively niche field of interest. All Access Archaeology publications are available in open-access e-pdf format and in (on-demand) print format. The open-access model supports dissemination in areas of the world where budgets are more severely limited, and also allows individual academics from all over the world the chance to access the material privately, rather than relying solely on their university or public library. Print copies, nevertheless, remain available to individuals and institutions who need or prefer them. The material is professionally refereed, but not peer reviewed. Copy-editing takes place prior to submission of the work for publication and is the responsibility of the author. Academics who are able to supply print-ready material are not charged any fee to publish (including making the material available in open-access). In some instances the material is type-set in-house and in these cases a small charge is passed on for layout work. This model works for us as a publisher because we are able to publish specialist work with relatively little editorial investment. Our core effort goes into promoting the material, both in open-access and print, where Access Archaeology books get the same level of attention as our core peer-reviewed imprint by being included in marketing e-alerts, print catalogues, displays at academic conferences and more, supported by professional distribution worldwide. Open-access allows for greater dissemination of the academic work than traditional print models, even lithographic printing, could ever hope to support. It is common for a new open-access e-pdf to be downloaded several hundred times in its first month since appearing on our website. Print sales of such specialist material would take years to match this figure, if indeed it ever would. By printing ‘on-demand’, meanwhile, (or, as is generally the case, maintaining minimum stock quantities as small as two), we are able to ensure orders for print copies can be fulfilled without having to invest in great quantities of stock in advance. The quality of such printing has moved forward radically, even in the last few years, vastly increasing the fidelity of images (highly important in archaeology) and making colour printing more economical. Access Archaeology is a vehicle that allows us to publish useful research, be it a PhD thesis, a catalogue of archaeological material or data, in a model that does not cost more than the income it generates. This model may well evolve over time, but its ambition will always remain to publish archaeological material that would prove commercially unviable in traditional publishing models, without passing the expense on to the academic (author or reader). aeopr ch es r s A A y c g c e o l s o s e A a r c Ah Eastern Sudan in its Setting The archaeology of a region far from the Nile Valley • C 94 am y b g ri o d l g o e e M a h o c n r o Andrea Manzo A g n r a a c p i h r f s A i n Access Archaeology aeopr ch es r s A A y c g c e o l s o s e A a r c Ah Archaeopress Publishing Ltd Gordon House 276 Banbury Road Oxford OX2 7ED www.archaeopress.com ISBN 978 1 78491 558 2 ISBN 978 1 78491 559 9 (e-Pdf) © Archaeopress and A Manzo 2017 Cambridge Monographs in African Archaeology 94 Series Editors: Laurence Smith, Brian Stewart, Stephanie Wynne-Jones Cover: excavation in progress in the western cemetery of the Gash Group (c. mid-3rd-early 2nd millennium BC) at site Mahal Teglinos (K 1), with in the background the Jebel Taka. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright owners. Contents Preface �� vii Chapter 1 Introduction �� 1 1.1 The archaeological exploration of the ‘marginal’ areas in Sudan ��1 1.2 The archaeological exploration of Eastern Sudan ��4 1.3 The present and past environment ��7 1.4 The resources ��13 1.5 Communications ��14 Chapter 2 The emerging of a regional tradition (c� 6000-3000 BC) ��17 2.1 The Pre-Saroba sites and the Amm Adam Group ��17 2.2 The Malawiya Group ��20 2.3 The Butana Group ��22 2.4 A broader perspective on Mesolithic and Neolithic: the emerging complexity....................................28 Chapter 3 In a fledging network (c. 3000-1000 BC) ��33 3.1 The Gash Group ��33 3.2 The Jebel Mokram Group ��43 3.3 Between Kush and Egypt ��48 3.4 In the aktionsradius of the Pan-Grave ��51 Chapter 4 The transition to nomadism (c� 1000 BC-AD 1500) ��55 4.1 The Hagiz Group...............................................................................................................................................55 4.2 The Khatmiya Group ��58 4.3 The-Post Meroitic sites ��58 4.4 Scatters of tumuli ��60 4.5 The Christian sites ��61 4.6 The Gergaf Group ��61 4.7 The Islamic sites ��64 4.8 A nomadic melting pot ��65 Chapter 5 Final remarks and perspective of research ��70 References ��74 i ii List of Figures Figure 1: map of northeast Africa showing the region of Eastern Sudan (Kassala state) investigated by University of Naples ‘L’Orientale’ (previously Istituto Universitario Orientale) together with the Southern Methodist University (Dallas) and University of Khartoum in the Eighties, and, in 2010, by the National Corporation for Antiquities and Museums of the Sudan. ��3 Figure 2: map of the region between the Gash and the Atbara rivers investigated in the Eighties by the Italian and American-Sudanese teams showing the recorded sites and the surveyed areas in the four sectors named after local toponyms. ��5 Figure 3: regional cultural sequence as it was reconstructed after the investigations conducted in the Eighties compared with the cultural sequence of the Middle Nile Valley, Egypt and northern Ethiopia. ��6 Figure 4: map showing the sites surveyed

Load more